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dlGqkl/ifb\sf cWoIfn] cfkm\gf] ;/sf/sf] lj/f]wsf] :j/ ;'Gg g;s]kl5 ;~rf/dfWodx?nfO{ lg?T;fxLt ug]{ b'Zsd{ ub}{ k|];dfly sfnf]sfg'g nfu" ug{ p2t ePsf] 5 . To;f] t d'nssf x/]s If]qdf sfnf]sfg'g cg'?k g} sfd eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] k|];dfly of] wfjf af]Ng' s'g} cgf}7f] sfd eg] xf]Og . Tolt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg k|];dfly ul/Psf] 8s}ltsf] nf]stflGqs u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] :yfkgfsf] ;dy{gdf nfu]sf k|]; hutn] To;sf] hlt lgGbf u/] klg sd x'G5 .
cfkm\gf] lj/f]wsf :j/ ;'Gg g;Sg] ef6x?n] df3 !( ut]kl5 lg/Gt/ ?kdf g]kfndf j]j ;fO6x? aGb ul/g', clxn] cfP/ k|];jfnfx?nfO{ wDsfpgsf nflu sfnf] sfg'g lgdf{0f ug{' / To;sf] nfu"sf] klxnf] lgzfgf sflGtk'/ PkmPddfly ul/g'n] of] ;/sf/sf] cfo' ca 36\b} uPsf] kSsf 5 .
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf /x]sf ;~rf/dfWodx?nfO{ lj:tf/} of] sfnf]sfg'gdfkm{t\ aGb ug]{ sfd of] ;/sf/n] ub}{ hfg] of]hgf cg'?k z'? ul/Psf] of] klxnf] k|of;af6} ;/sf/n] 7"nf] d"No r'sfPsf] 5 .
kmn:j?k of] ;/sf/ /ftf/ft 8s}tL u/]/ 8fsfsf ?kdf ;+;f/dfem kl/lrt ePsf] 5 .
vj/bf/ Û 8fsfx? ca cGo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf kIfw/ ;~rf/dfWdx?df ;d]t k:g] kSsf 5 . o;}n] 8fsfx?af6 ;ts{ /xFb} cfd ;~rf/sdL{ / ;~rf/dfWodx?n] To;sf] k|lt/Iffsf nflu ;hu x'Fb} cfd gful/s ;dfhdfkm{t\ cfkm\gf] ;'/Iffsf nflu cfXjfg ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
k|];dflysf] bdgn] cfd gful/s h'/d'/fpg] 5 cfzf /fVb} of] ;/sf/sf] bdgaf6 nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu Ps sbd gful/sx? cufl8 a9]sf 5g\ eGg] cfzf ub}{ g]kfnLkf]i6 86sd sflGtk'/ klAns]zG; / cGo ;~rf/dfWodx?dfly ul/Psf] bdgsf lj?2 ;+;f/e/ /x]sf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqk|]dLx? / b]zleqsf u0ftflGqs nf]stGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu nfu]sf gful/sx? Ps eO{ of] /fhtGqsf] cGTosf nflu cfjfh p7fpg lg/Gt/ ;a}nfO{ k|]/0ff ldnf];\ eGg] sfdgf ub{5 .

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k/flht dfgl;stf af]ls;s]sf g]kfnsf jt{dfg ;Qfwf/Lx? qmdzM gf+lub} uO/x]sf 5g\ . nf]stGqsf kIfw/ tyf dfgjclwsf/jfbL s[i0f kxf8L tyf g/xl/ cfrfo{x?sf] l/xfO klg ;f]xL k/flht dfgl;stfsf] pkh xf] .
æ;fFrf] 8Ub}g em'§f] l6Sb}gÆ eg]em}+ ljgfsf/0f aGbL agfOPsf kxf8L / cfrfo{x?nfO{ cflv/ ;Qfsf ef]sfx?n] ljgfsf/0f g} 5f8\g'k/\of] . ;Tosf kIfkftLx?sf k5fl8 nfvf}+ nf]stGqk|]dLx? 5g\ / eljiodf klg x'g]5g\ . d"lt{ rf]/L / sfnf] Jofkf/af6 cfkm\gf] s'Voflt sdfPsf jt{dfg zf;sx?sf Pskl5 csf{ sfnf st'{tx? cfd ?kdf kbf{kmf; eO/x]sf 5g\ . h;sf] lj:tf/} km]xl/:tf aGg] 5 . cfkm\gf lj/f]wLx? hlt ;a}nfO{ cft+sf/Lsf] ku/L u'Yg]x? cGTodf cfd g]kfnLx?4f/f clxn]sf zf;sx?n] g} cft+ssf/Lsf] bhf{ kfpg] s'/fdf kSsf 5 . Tof] lbg kv{g' ;do nfUnf t/ cGTodf ;Tosf] lht x'G5 / ;xL cft+ssf/L sf] x'g\ To;sf] n]vfhf]vf cfd g]kfnLn] lbg]5g\ .
1fg]Gb| d08nLsf k5fl8 nfu]/ hoho ufpFb} lx8\g]x? ef]ln xfd|f ;fd' cfP/ xfd|f] klg ho ufpg' afWotf lyof] eGb} n';'Ss k'gM nf]stGqljgf cfd gful/sn] cfkm\gf] x}l;ot kfpg] 5}gg\ eGb} ltg} JolQmx? k'gM kSsf nf]stGqjfbL x'g]5g\ eGg] s'/fdf klg s;}sf] b'O{dt x'g ;Sb}g . Tof] ;dosf] v]n xf] .
s'/f s]xL lbgcl3sf] /fhb/jf/df ef]h vfg k'usf xfd|f kqsf/ ldqx?k|ltsf] xf], ;8sdf /fhfsf] sbdsf] lj/f]wdf k|bz{gL ug]{ clg ltg} /fhfsf] hohosf/ ufpFb} sS6]n kf6L{ vfg k'Ug] xfd|f bl/b| dfgl;stf af]s]sf kqsf/ ldqx?k|lt klg s]xL n]Vg} kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
;a}nfO{ v]b\g ;Sg] ;a}nfO{ pbf+uf] kfg]{ sfd /fHodf s]xL kqsf/x?n] ul/x]sf 5g\ . hf] x08L / x'08Lsf] nf]edf km;]sf 5}gg\ . ltgLx?k|lt xfdLn] xflb{s clejfbg ug}{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ Tolt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg ltg} JolQmx? 5g\ h;n] x'08L / x08Lsf] nf]e geP klg ;Qfsf] s'g} Kjfnaf6 cfkm"nfO{ nfe x'G5 ls eGg] cfzfdf nf]eLkfkL eP/ b/jf/lt/ klg Tolts} cfFvf 3'dfO/x]sf 5g\ / b/jf/n] cfof]hgf u/]sf]] >f4 vfg hfg]x?k|lt eg] xfdL xflb{s >4fGhnL afx]s s]xL lbg;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gf}+ .
km]j|'c/L @ df cfkm\gf] zf;sLo cx+d b]vfpFb} s;}n] glbPsf] ku/Lsf dflns4f/f ;Lldt k|hftGqsf] lr/x/0f ePkl5 klg clxn];Dd cfkm"nfO{ g]tf egfpg] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] :ki6 wf/0ff cfd hgdfg;df cfpg g;s]s} sf/0f d'n'sdf ps';d's';sf] jftfj/0f k}bf eO/x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx? cfkm\gf cfkm\gf 8Dkm" ahfpgdf Jo:t 5g\ . To;}n] clxn]sf] cfd g]kfnLx?sf] rfxgf nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf] rfxgf xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ a'lema'lem klg a'emkrfPsf xfd|f /fhgLlts bnsf g]t[TjnfO{ cfd hg;d'bfosf] af8Ln] a8fg]{ a]nf Tolt 6f8f 5}g . o;y{ Tof] af9L cfpg' k"j{ g} ;a} nf]stGqkIfw/ /fhgLlts bnx?n] hg rfxgfcg';f/ :jR5 5jL ePsf JolQmTjnfO{ g]t[Tj ;'Dkb} hgcfGbf]ngsf] afu8f]/ xfFSg' clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df pko'Qm b]lvG5 .
dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg xTof / lx+;f / jj{j/tfsf] /fhgLlt 5f8]/ nf]stGq g]kfnsf] :yfkgfsf nflu cfpg] xf] eg] g]kfnsf nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf Tolt 6f8f 5}g . o;y{ k|r08 tyf afa'/fdx?n] cfkm\gf cfkm\gf 8Dkm'nfO{ Psflt/ yGsfP/ cfd g]kfnLx?sf] rfxgfcg'?k gf}nf] g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?;Fu ldn]/ b]zaf6 /fhtGqsf] cGTo ub}{ nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf] :yfkgf ug{ l9nf] ug{ x'Gg eGb} gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu s[i0f kxf8L, g/xl/ cfrfo{, uug yfkfx? cufl8 a9\g' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . ca klg s;}n] ;+emf}tfsf] /fhgLlt u5{ eg] tL nf]eLkfkLx?n] eg] ;dod} cfkm\gf] af6f] ttfpFbf /fd|f] x'G5 cfhnfO{ olt g} .

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k|hftGq cfudgkl5 h'g lbg /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] a+zljgf;sf] sfo{ ;DkGg eof] ToxL lbgb]lv g]kfnL k|];sf] 3fF6L lgdf]7\g] k|lqmof z'? eof] . Tof] lgof]lht if8oGqsf] ;dfrf/ g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodx?n] ;d]t cGt/f{li6|o ;~rf/dfWoddfkm{t\ yfxf kfpg ljj; ePsf lyP .
To; 36gfkl5 lj:tf/} g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodx?dfly slxn] z+s6sfnsf gfddf t slxn] s] sf gfddf k|ltaGw nufpg yflnof] . ;/sf/n] u/]sf] ;~rf/sdL{x?dflysf] HofbtLsf ;dfrf/x? cGt/f{li6|o hutd} rlr{t aGg k'Uof] . ptf cfkm"nfO{ gofF ;Qf atfpg] dfcf]jfbL ;d'xn] klg ;~rf/sdL{x?dfly u/]sf] HofbtLsf >[+vnfj4 36gfx?sf] km]xl/:tf g} tof/ eof] . o;/L clxn];Dd g]kfnL k|]; hut b'j}tkm{sf] r]k'jfdf kg{ ljjz x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
3fF6Ldfly t/jf/ /fv]/ ltdLx?nfO{ h] n]Vg klg 5'6 5 eGg] sfd dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ b'j}tkm{af6 ul/b} cfPsf] 5 / Tof] ;g\ @))% sf] km]j|'c/L ! tfl/vsf lbg;Dd cfOk'Ubf gk'Ub} /fhfaf6 Ps sbd k5fl8 x6]sf jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL 1fg]Gb|n] sndsf cufl8 l;w} aGb"s t]:of{pg] sfd u/]/ ;~rf/If]qdfly gf+uf] x:tIf]k u/]sf] sfnf]st{'t ljZje/L l5ge/d} t/ª eP/ km}lnof] . Tof] b'gf{dL d]6\gsf nflu cfh cfkm" cft+ssf/L lj/f]wL x'F eGb} uf]xLsf cfFz' r'xfP/ cGt/f{li6|o If]qdf cfkm"nfO{ dxfg k|hftGqjfbL s} x'+sf/ lbg 1fg]Gb| kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ .
ljsl;t /fi6|x?s} bfFhf]df g]kfndf ljsf; ePsf] ;"rgf / ;~rf/ If]qsf] k|ljlwnfO{ cfwf 306fleq} aGb u/]/ k|wfgdGqL 1fg]Gb|n] ljZjsf ;fd' cfkm" slt alnof] 5' eg]/ b]vfP/ 5f8] .
g]kfnsf afl;Gbfx? /fli6|o ?kdf s}bL ag] . /fhwfgLdf /x]sf k9]n]v]sf k|hftflGqs cf:yfjfg JolQmx? /fhwfgLd} s}b agfOPsf 5g\ .
cfkm" k|hftGqk|lt cf:yfjfg ePsf] gf6ssf gfos ag]/ cGt/f{li6|o hutnfO{ g} u'd/fxfdf kfg]{ sfdsf] z'?cft pgn] s]xL lbgkl5 g]kfns} b}lgs kqklqsfx?sf s]xL ;Dkfbsx?nfO{ e]6]/ ul/;s]sf 5g\ . h;sf] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0f b]zdf z+s6sfn x6]sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ xf] . Psflt/ cfkm"n] /fhgLlts aGbLx?nfO{ qmdzM 5f8\b} u/]sf] b]vfpg s]xL g]tfx?nfO{ cb[Zo :jfy{ ;Demf}tf ;lxt 5fl8Psf 5g\ eg\ csf{tkm{ ;of}+ /fhgLltsdL{ tyf dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?nfO{ y'g'jf k"hL{sf] Dofb leqleq} a'emfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L b]zdf z+s6sfn x6fPsf] b]vfP/ cGt/f{li6|o hutaf6 ;dy{g kfpg rfn]sf] sbd ;fdfGo JolQmn] klg a'em]sf] 5 . ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePs} lbg /fhwfgLdf kmnfgf] kmnfgf] 7fpFdf h'n; ug{ gkfOg], e]nf x'g gkfOg] h:tf ;"rgf hf/L ug'{n] yfxf x'G5 of] s:tf] ;+s6sfn x6]sf] xf] . xfQLsf b]vfpg] bfFt / vfg] bfFt cnu x'G5 eg] h:t} k|wfgdGqL 1fg]Gb|n] cfkm"n] cGt/f{li6|o hutnfO{ b]vfpg] / b]zdf ug]{ sfd km/s km/s ul//x]sf] s'/f st}af6 l5Kg ;s]sf] 5}g . pgL clxn] cfP/ cft+ssf/Lsf] ljgf; ug]{ gfddf cfkm\gf lj/f]wL hlt ;a}nfO{ cft+ssf/Lsf] ljNnf le/fpg] t'gfa'gf /lr/x]sf 5g\ . pgn] u/]sf sfnf]st'{tsf lj/f]wL hlt ;a} pgn] cft+ssf/L b]Vg] u/]sf 5g\ . /, ltgsf dltof/x?n] klg /fhfsf] lj/f]w ug]{x? hlt ;a} dfcf]jfbLsf] ljNnf le/fpg tlNng 5g\ . h'g ;d'x g]kfndf dfq x}g g]kfn aflx/ klg kmf§km'§ kfpg yflnPsf] 5 .
To;f] t g]kfnsf s]xL cfkm"nfO{ k|ltli7t egfpg] ;~rf/ ;d'xx? /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;gsf] u'gufg ufpg Jo:t eO;s]sf 5g\ eg] s'g} ;d'x lj/f]w ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gg\ / g]kfnsf zf;sx?n] h] eg] klg gtd:ts eP/ ltg} s'/f g]kfnL kf7sx?nfO{ k:sg ljjz 5g\ . o;/L ;~rf/ If]q n+u8f] cj:yfdf afFRg ljj; kfl/Psf] 5 . b]ze/ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf Pkm Pd /]l8of] ;]jfx?dfly k"0f{ k|ltaGw nufP/ g]kfnL ;~rf/ hutnfO{ tx; gx; kf/L cGt/f{li6|o If]qdf ;d]t k'Ub} b]zdf k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf 5 eGb} lx8\g] o:tf wGw'sf/L k|wfgdGqL ;fob Oltxf;sf] s'g} ;do klg lyPgg\ xf]nf .
cfh d] # tfl/v xf] h'g lbgnfO{ ljZje/L g} k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpg] ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . t/ xfd|f] dft[e"lddf Tof] cj:yf /x]g .
o;} lbg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn / g]kfnLx?nfO{ dfof ug]{ ljZj ;d'bfo / ljZje/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ of] cfu|x ub{5f}+, g]kfnL k|]; t/jf/sf] wf/dfly /x]/ afFRg ljjz 5 o:tf] cj:yfsf] cGTosf nflu b]zdf k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf ljgf ;+ej 5}g . Tof] k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu /fhwfgLsf] /fhtGq / ufd3/sf] k|r08kGysf] lg/+s'ztfsf] cGTosf nflu dfq x}g /fhf, /fhgLlts bnx? / dfcf]jfbLx? ;d]t ;fy ;fy} hfg'k5{ eGg]x?nfO{ klg of] yfxf x'g'kg]{ xf], b]zdf gofF g]t[Tjsf] vfFrf] 5 . Tof] g]t[Tjsf nflu ljutdf u/]sf] kfk kvfNg] sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L dfwj s'df/ g]kfn, lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, k|r08, afa'/fd, clds z]/rg, gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] nufotsf g]tfx?n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf ca xfd|f] cfGbf]ng eg]sf] /fhtGqsf] cGTosf nflu xf] eGg] nIo lnP/ 5fltdf uf]nL yfKg tof/ eP/ cfGbf]ngsf] cu|k+lQmdf cfpg'k5{ . sf]7fdf a;]/ cfd gful/sx? lsg cfGbf]ngdf lg:sg ;s]gg\. ljBfyL{x? ltdLx?n] cfGbf]gnnfO{ ttfpg ;s]gf} eGg] x}g . cfGbf]ngnfO{ ttfpg] sfd ltg} j[4 g]t[Tjn] lnP/ cufl8 a9\of] / cfGbf]ngsf] k+lQmaf6 xfdLn] ljutdf b]znfO{ lauf/]sf xf}+ o;sf nflu cfd g]kfnL gful/s ;dIf xfdL dfkmL dfUb5f}+ / 1fg]Gb|sf] uf]nL vfg xfdL tof/ 5f}+, xfdL cfGbf]ngdf s]xL u/L afFr] klg u0ftGqsf] cfudgkl5 xfdLnfO{ s'g} kbsf] nfnr x'g] 5}g eGg] k|0f u/]/ cem} klg cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] /fhfnfO{ x}g /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ g} kTofpg] cj:yf 5 . u0ftGq g]kfnsf] :yfkgf Tolt 6f8f 5}g . yfxf x'g'kg]{ xf] ;]gf klg hgtfs} 5f]/f x'g\ . of] !% jif{;Dd cfd gful/sn] pkef]u u/]sf] k|hftGq tL tTsfnsf nflu /fhfsf elgPsf ;]gf / ;'/IffsdL{x?n] klg ef]u]sf b]v]sf 5g\ t;y{ g]tfx?n] cfGbf]ngsf] cu|k+lQmdf cfpg' h?/L 5 . gful/ssf] hLt ePsf] pbfx/0f ;+;f/df w]/} 5g\ t;y{ Pp6f :j3f]lift JolQmnfO{ /fhfaf6 kmfln;s]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] k|wfgdGqLaf6 km\ofSg w]/} ;do nfUb}g .
of] @! ;f}+ ;tfAbLdf sf]xL s;}sf] /}tL eP/ x}g ;a} ;Ddflgt gful/s eP/ afFRg kfpg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fVg]x?sf] ;d'x cfh lbgk|ltlbg alnof] x'Fb}5 . xfdL k|jf;df a;]/ cfd g]kfnLx?sf] :jtGqtf, dfgjclwsf/ / k|hftGqsf nflu lg/Gt/ nflu/xg] 5f}+ . oxL k|0f ub}{ k'gM d] # sf] of] ljZj k|]; lbj;sf lbg xfdL k|hftGqsf nflu jlnbfg lbg] 1ft c1ft zxLbx? / k|hftGqs} nflu snd rnfpg] g]kfn nufot ;+;f/e/sf 1ft c1ft kqsf/x?k|lt xflb{s >4fGhnL r9fpF5f}+ .

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d'n'sdf k|hftGqsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . @)%* c;f]h !* ut]b]lv @)^! df3 !( ut] ljxfg !) ah];Dd k|hftGq d[To'z}ofdf 56k6fO/x]sf] lyof] . Tof] k|hftGqnfO{ cf}iflwd"nf] ug'{sf] abnfdf /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] df3 !( ut] ljxfg P3f/ aHbf gaHb} k|hftGqsf] ;L/ 5]bg ul/lbP/ d'n'sdf PstGqLo zf;gsf] kbef/ ;dfNg k'u]sf 5g\ .
tLg jif{df /fhfaf6 sfo{sf/L clwsf/ hgtfdf x:tfGt/0f u5'{ eGg] egfO æs's'/n] x8\8L k}+rf] lnP/ clnlbgkl5 lkmtf{ NofOlbG5'Æ eg]h:t} xf] . olt ;xh s'/fnfO{ cfkm"nfO{ k|hftGqsf] kIfkftL atfpg] jf k|hftflGqs d'n'sdf a;]/ k|hftGqsf] /;f:jfbg ul//x]sf xfd|f a'h|'s ju{x?n] a'lema'emL klg gtd:ts eP/ k|hftGqsf] xTofnfO{ of] xTof x}g of] t /fhfaf6 ;xL sbd rflnPsf] xf] h:tf s'/f u/]/ cfkm\gf] pka'h|"stf b]vfpg]x?sf] a'l4k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgafx]s xfdL s]xL klg lbg ;Sb}gf} .
xf], rf}w jif{sf] cjlwdf g]tfx?n] g]kfnnfO{ ;xL lbzf lbg g;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ s'g} g]kfnLn] klg c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb}g t/ g]tfx? e|i6 eP eGb}df ax'bnLo k|0ffnLs} h/f] pv]n]/ km\ofFSg] /fhfn] cfkm" /fhu2Ldf cfPb]lv g} d hgtfsf] b'Mv x]/]/ a:g] /fhf x}g eGb} lx8]sf lyP . cflv/ h'g a]nf z]/axfb'/nfO{ c;Ifdtfsf] ku/L u'yfP/ /fhfn] nv]6] To;kl5 /fhfn] k|ToIf zf;g u/]sf] klg tLg jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . zf;g ;Qf /fhfn] g} k|ToIf ;~rfng ul//x]s} 5g\ . cflv/ cfkm\gf] cf1fsf/L gf]s/ z]/axfb'/, nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ jf ;'o{axfb'/x?n] /fhfn] eg]sf] s'g s'/f gdfg]sf lyP xf]nf / < v} o; cjlwdf pgn] To:tf] s'g sfd u/] h;n] hgtfn] xfd|f /fhfn] a8f] /fd|f] sfd u/] eg]/ eGg] u/]sf 5g\ .
/fhfn] clxn] cfP/ klg s'g To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] dGqL agfP h;n] of] @! ;f}+ ;tfAbLnfO{ g]t[Tj lbg;Sg] 5 . /fhfn] hlt h] rfn v]n] klg cflv/ oltsf jif{;Dd ltgn] s'g} klg ultnf] JolQm e]6]g5g\ / lk08vfg] a]nfsf cfkm\gf afa'n] k~rfot kmsf{Psf OdfGbf/ a'9fx?nfO{ lnP/ cfkm\gf] zf;g ;Qf cufl8 a9fpg] ljrf/ u/] . /, wdfwd afa's} kfnsf lk08vfg tof/ eP/ 3/ al;/x]sf a'9fx?nfO{ cGo lgsfodf klg lgo'lQm ul//x]sf 5g\ .
/fhfaf6 k|wfgdGqLsf] ;d]t kbef/ ;dfNg k'u]sf k|wfgdGqL 1fg]Gb|n] zf;g;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnPkl5 b]zdf clxn] zflGt 5, k;n, :s'nx? v'n]sf 5g\, af6f]df h'n'; 5}g eg] h:tf ts{gf ;'lgg] ul/G5 . xf] lg aGb"ssf] gfn t];f{P/ zf;g ug{ yfn]kl5 aflx/ aflx/ t cjZo klg zflGt b]lvg] g} eof] t/ Tof] zflGt sltGh]nnfO{ xf] < To;sf] pQ/ s;};Fu 5 ls < x'Fbf x'Fbf ljb]zL s"6g}lts lgof]ux? aGb} u/]/ lx8] klg dtna 5}g eGg] /fhfsf tf]/L nfx'/] dGqLx?sf] a'4L ToxfFaf6 klg k|i6 x'G5 pgLx? s'g o'udf 5g\ / logLx?n] s] slt sfd u5{g\ eg]/ . bf; dgf]j[lQaf6 dfly p7\g g;s]sf o:tf bf;x?sf] ;d'xn] x'Fbf x'Fbf k"j{ /fhb"t 8f= nf]s/fh a/fn h:tf JolQmnfO{ klg kqmfp u/]/ cfkm\gf] rl/q ljZj ;fd' b]vfpg yfn]sf] 5 . ca rfF8} g} ;'Gg'kg]{ x'G5 hf] hltn] /fhfsf] ;dy{gdf jStJo lgsfNb}gg\ To:tf w]/} a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ lj:tf/} lj:tf/} lr;fl5+8Ldf nlug] 5 . o;n] k|hftGqk|]dLx?nfO{ j]kmfObf x}g kmfObf g} k'Ug]5 .
cfw'lgs ;~rf/ o'udf ;~rf/dfWodx?sflysf] lgu/fgL / bdgn] hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]ng ug{ g} o; sbdn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 . ;]gfsf] ann] ldRg ;Sg] 5}g . h;sf] kmn:j?k d'n'sn] /fhtGqsf] lknf]af6 ;w}+sf nflu d'lQm kfpg] ;do ca Tolt 6f8f 5}g . cd]l/sf, a]nfot nufot o'/f]lkog d'n'sx?n] ;d]t /fhfsf] o; sbdsf] lj?4df cfjfh p7fPsf] a]nf dGqLx? eg] b"tfaf;} aGb u/]/ hfG5g\ eg] klg eGg' s]xL 5}g eg] h:tf cleJolQm lbG5g\ eg] d'n'sn] Tof] eGbf 7"nf] b'ef{Uo s]xL ef]Ug'kb}{g .
cfh g]kfndf ;/sf/L:t/af6 / ljb]zdf /x]sf /fhb"tfaf;x?n] k|hftGqsf gfddf ef]h et]/ ug]{ lbg xf] .
d'nsdf PstGqLo /fhtGq zf;g eP klg pgLx?sf nflu k|hftGq lbj; kmfu'g ;ft ut] k/Dk/fut ?kdf dgfOFb} cfPsfn] cfhsf] lbgnfO{ ;/sf/n] ;/sf/L :t/af6} k|hftGqsf] gfddf a9fOF u/fpg To:t} æsf6f] vfg]Æx?nfO{ e]nf u/fP/ g]kfndf k"0f{ k|hftGq /x]sf] /fu cnfKg 5f8\g] 5}gg\ .
PsbnLo tfgfzfxL /fhtGqsf] ;dy{g ug]{x?sf nflu of] klg ;fob leqleq} xfdLn] af:td} k|hftGqsf gfddf æsf6f]Æ g} vfof}+ eGg] nfU5 ToxL klg pgLx? aflx/ eGg g;Sg]dfq x'g\ ltgLx?sf] klg s]xL bf]if 5}g lsgsL ltgLx?sf] cfkm\gf] a'l4ljj]s hlt 5 Toltn] g} sfd ug]{ xf] . ;fob k|hftGqsf gfddf sf6f] vfg]x?nfO{ klg yfx} xf]nf jt{dfg g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm\gf] bfh'sf] sf6f]vfg] a|fXd0fnfO{ w]/} ;DklQsf] nf]e b]vfP/ sf6f] v'jfPkl5 cflv/ b'O{ rf/ xhf/ uf]hLdf ydfP/ yfgsf]6 s6fPsf lyP .
otf csf]{kIf eg] k|hftGq, dfgjclwsf/ / k|]; :jtGqtfsf] gf/fnfO{ a'nGb ub}{ cGt/f{li6|o ?kdf g]kfnsf tfgzfxL /fhtGqnfO{ cGTo ub}{ cfd ax'bnLo u0ftflGqs k|0ffnLdf cf:yf /fVg] g]kfnL hgtfx? Ps eP/ slxNo} gdfl;g] k|hftGqsf] k'gM :yfkgf x}g :yfkgf ug]{ cfXjfgsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g]5g\ / hgtfsf] hLt cjZo x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] k"0f{ z'esfdgf .. xfdL ax'bnLo u0ftflGqs Joj:yfsf nflu hgtfsf cfjfh a'nGb ub}{ hfg] 5f}+ o; 38Ldf xfd|f] eGg' olt g} ..

d[ts afx| hgf g]kfnLx?k|lt

cu:6 #!, @))$
ut cu:6 @) tfl/v z'qmaf/ O/fsL ljb|f]xL ;d'x4f/f ck/x0f ul/Psf !@ hgf g]kfnLx?nfO{ ljb|f]xLx?n] aj{/tfk"j{s xTof u/]sf] ;dfrf/n] ;+;f/e/ /x]sf g]kfnL / g]kfnL hfltx?nfO{ dfof ug]{ ljb]zLx?nfO{ ;d]t :tAw t'NofPsf] 5 .
g]kfnL tyf hf]8{gL dfgj t:s/x?dfkm{t\ O/fsdf em'SofOP/ /f]huf/Lsf lznlznfdf k'u]sf g]kfnLx?n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] of] b'u{tLsf nflu ;/sf/, dfcf]jfbL, /fhgLlts bnx? ;a}n] cfcfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L lng'kg]{ x'G5 . ljut bz jif{b]lv b]zdf 5fpFb} cfPsf] czflGtsf sf/0f cfh xHhf/f}+ o'jfx? x/t/xn] ljb]z nfUg kfP x'GYof] eGg] kIfdf 5g\ . o;sf] k|ToIf kmfObf /fhwfgLdf /x]/ ljb]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf /f]huf/Lsf nflu dfgj t:s/L ug]{ t:s/x?n] lnO/x]sf] hfGbf hfGb} klg ;/sf/ sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a:g' / Tof] t:s/Ldfkm{t\ sldzg vfg] k|rngn] cfh g]kfnLx?n] cgfxsdf cfkm\gf] Hofg u'dfpg'k/\of] .
O/fsL ljb|f]xLx?n] c? sf]xL gkfP/ a'4 / zflGtsf] b]z eg]/ ;+;f/e/ lrlgg] ;f]emf / ldxg]tL hfltsf g]kfnLx?nfO{ h;/L lgb{oL lsl;dn] xTof u/] of] xTofn] pgLx?sf] cft+ssf/L lgotdfq geO{ pgLx?sf] wd{sf] czlx+i0f'tf klg hgfpF5 .
aGbL agfOPsf /fi6x?dWo] cfh g]kfnsf ;a}eGbf a9L gful/sx? dfl/g'k/]sf] sf/0fsf] k5fl8 jt{dfg g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;dod} ljb|f]xLx?;Fu ;Demf}tfsf] z'?cft;Dd ug{ g;Sg' dfq x}g ls g]kfnsf] dxTj klg ljZj ;d'bfodf guGo /x]sf] a'emfPsf] 5 . lsgsL cfh k|m]Gr ;/sf/n] p;sf b'O{ hgf kqsf/x?sf] l/xfOsf nflu /fi6|klt Hofs l;/fs :jod\n] ckLn u/]sf lyP, ljutdf lkmlnlkG; ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] Ps hgf gful/ssf nflu O/fsaf6 ;}Go bkmf g} p7fof] t/ g]kfndf gt /fhfn] gt k|wfgdGqLn] g} cfkm\gf gful/sx?sf] l/xfOsf nflu ckLn;Dd u/] .
cfh O/fssf] af;/f If]qdf uf]vf{ lj|u]8 t}gfy 5 eg] aUbfb Po/kf]6{df klg k"j{ uf]vf{ ;}lgsx? cem} ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf t}gfy /xL /x]sf ;dfrf/x? k|fKt eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L n'lsl5kL O/fsdf l5/]/ slt g]kfnLx?n] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f cg'dfg g} ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf xfd|f] ;/sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
o;/L afWotfa; /f]huf/sf lglDt ;+;f/df eO/x]sf k|To]s cfGtl/s / afXo o'4 d}bfgx? h:t} slZd/, O/fs, ckmuflg:tfg, Oi6 l6df]/, sf];f]ef]x?df g]kfnL /ut cgfxsdf b'Mvk"j{s aufpg'kl/x]sf] 5 .
;/sf/n] a}b]lzs /f]huf/ nufpg] sDkgLx?nfO{ lgolGqt ug'{kg]{ / g]kfnLx? ljb]zdf hfg'cl3 ToxfF uP/ s] s:tf] cj:yfdf /xg] / s] slt ;'ljwf kfpg] ;a} a'e]mkl5dfq ;/sf/n] cg'dlt lbg] k|fjwfg agfpg'kg]{ h?/L b]lvG5 .
cf}+nf t xfdLn] htftt} b]vfpg ;S5f}+ t/ cfh /fli6|o zf]ssf] lbg xf] . To;}n] g]kfnL kf]i6 of] ljz]if ;DkfbsLo dfkm{t\ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ pgLx?sf] t]x|f} k'0o ltlysf lbg em08f cfwf em'sfO{ pgLx?nfO{ /fli6|o ;Ddfg lbP/ ;+;f/e/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ cft+sjfb lj?4 Ps x'g ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5 . To;}u/L ;/sf/ / :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx? Ps eO{ tTsfn oL !@ hgfsf] kl/jf/x?sf] nflu cfly{s /fxt lbO ;xof]u ;d]t ug{ xfdL o;}dfkm{t\ cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .
d[tsx?k|lt xflb{s >4fGhnL ck{0f ub}{ d[tssf kl/jf/x?nfO{ w}o{ wf/0f ug]{ zlQmk|bfg xf];\ eGg] g]kfnL kf]i6 kl/jf/ sfdgf ub{5 .

xTofsf lj?4 ;~rf/sdL{ Ps x'g cfXjfg

cu:6 !*, @))$

xf] ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, dfcf]jfbLx? /fHosf] ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] bfo/fleq /x]sf 5}gg\ t/ olt eGb}df pgLx?n] dfgjclwsf/sf] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt aflx/ hfg ldNb}g . cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ Pp6f /fhgLlts zlQmsf ?kdf ljZj ;fd' lrgfpg rfxg]x?n] v;Laf]sf v's'/Ln] l5gfPeGbf klg ;lhn} dfG5]nfO{ lgd{d lsl;dn] l5gfpF5 eg] To:tf /fhgLlts bnnfO{ hgtfx?n] 3[0ff ug]{ / cfkm\gf] /Iffsf nflu pgLx?k|lt h:tf] ;'s} Jojxf/ ug{ kl5 kb}{gg\ eGg] pbfx/0f t cfhef]ln sltko ufpFx?df dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cfd ufpFn]x? ldn]/ s'6Ls'6L dfg{ yfn]sf] 36gfn] g} atfpF5 .
hgtfsf] zlQm ;a}sf nflu cho zlQm xf] . s;}sf] klg 8/ wDsLsf] efiff hgtfsf cufl8 w]/} lbg l6Sg ;Sb}g . ;/sf/n] Psflt/ dfcf]jfbLsf gfddf ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sx?nfO{ hyfefjL dfg]{ sfd u/]/ cfkm\gf] c;nL rl/q b]vfO/x]sf] a]nf cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf] d'lQmsf nflu n8\g] kf6L{ xf}+ eGg]x?n] klg ;fdfGo gful/s tyf ;+~rf/sdL{sf] Pskl5 csf]{ xTof ug'{n] pgLx?sf] c;nL lgot k|i6 x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
s's'/n] dfG5]sf] v'§f] 6f]Sbf s's'/sf] v'§f] klg 6f]Sg hfg] k|j[lQ dfcf]jfbL tyf ;/sf/L kIf b'j}df plQs} b]lvPsf] 5 . klxnf] s'/f] dfG5]sf] afFRg] clwsf/sf] xgg b'j} kIfaf6 /f]lsg'k5{ . xf], :jefjtM /fHo kIf ljb|f]xL kIf;Fu ;w}+ qm'/ lsl;dn] b]vf k5{ t/ ljb|f]xL kIfn] klg cfkm"n] kfPsf] a]nf Pp6f o'4sf] ;fdfGo lgodcg'?k cfkm";Fu ;f]wk'5sf nflu NofOPsf JolQmx?nfO{ ;/sf/eGbf klg a9L qm'/ lsl;dn] s;}sf] xTof u5{ eg] To;sf] hlt;'s} eT;gf{ u/]klg k'Ub}g .
h]g]ef dxf;GwL cg'?k Jojxf/ ug{ af/Daf/ ;/sf/nfO{ r'gf}lt lbb}+ cfkm"nfO{ To;k|lt k|ltj4 /x]sf] atfpg] dfcf]jfbLx?n] h]g]ef dxf;GwLsf] ;femf wf/f # sf] Jofks pNn+3g u/]sf] cfwf/ cfkm"n] kqmfp u/]sf JolQmx?sf] lgd{dtf tyf qm'/ ta/af6 xTof ug]{ h:tf 36gfx?n] b]vfpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL4f/f dfl/Psf b}n]vl:yt /]l8of] g]kfnsf :yfgLo ;+jfbbftf 8]s]Gb| yfkfsf] xTofsf] ;dfrf/n] g]kfn cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3, jfl;+ª6g 8L;L k'gM :tAw ePsf] 5 . o; xTofk|lt xfd|f] ;+3 3f]/ eT;gf{ ub}{ xTofnfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] eGb} cfPsf] ;'/fsLsf] h:tf] ;:tf] ljifo agfP/ cfkm"x?nfO{ ;/sf/eGbf klg qm'/ ?kdf ljZj ;fd' k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
;~rf/sdL{x?dfly ul/g] o:tf lqmofsnfkn] dfcf]jfbLx? ;a}If]qaf6 lt/:s[t x'g] afx]s pgLx?n] cGo s'g} 7"nf] pknAwL kfpg g;Sg] s'/f klg xfdL o;}dfkm{t\ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .
s]xLlbg klxn] g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw ef]h/fh ef6sf] ;d]t Sofd/f tyf 8fo/L;d]t dfcf]jfbLx?n] sAhfdf lnP/ :jtGq kqsfl/tf ug]{x?dfly ul/Psf] o;k|sf/sf] HofbtLsf] klg xfdL 3f]/ eT;gf{ ub}{ cfd kqsf/x?nfO{ ;;Ddfg 3'dlkm/ ug{ lbg] / /fHo tyf dfcf]jfbL b'j} kIfsf ;dfrf/x?nfO{ b'j} kIfn] ljZj;fd' Nofpg lbg'kg]{ ;d]t xfdL ;/sf/ tyf dfcf]jfbL b'j} kIfnfO{ cfu|x ub{5f}+ . xfd|f] ;+3 dfcf]jfbL tyf ;/sf/sftkm{af6 ul/b}+ cfPsf] kqsf/dflysf] xTof, wDsL cljnDa aGb ug{] cfXjfg ub}{ o;sf nflu ;a} ;~rf/sdL{x? Psh'6 x'g ;d]t o;}dfkm{t\ xfdL cfu|x ub{5f}+ .

sfg'g ljxLg d'n's

g]kfndf g sfg'g 5 g s'g} zf;g k|0ffnL g} 5 . h;nfO{ h] dg nfUof] Tof] ug{ 5'6 ePsf] d'n'ssf] gfd g]kfn xf] eGbf km/s gknf{ .
;]gfnfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f dfg{ 5'6 5, dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgd'vf ls;fg dfg{ 5'6 5, ck/fwLx?nfO{ ck/fw ug{ 5'6 5, e|i6rf/Lx?nfO{ v'Nn]cfd kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ug{ 5'6 5, sfnf] ahf/ ug]{x?nfO{ h] hlt sfnf]ahf/L u/] klg 5'6 5 . 8fS6/x?nfO{ lj/fdLdfly df]ndf]nfO{ ug{ 5'6 5, g]tfx?nfO{ b]z 8'jfpg 5'6 5 eg]kl5 ck/fwLx? / e|i6rf/Lx?sf nflu Tof] eGbf :ju{sf] d'n's s'g x'g ;S5 <
ptf b]zdf k|hftGq 3f]lift ?kdf g} x/0f ePsf] 5 . /fhwfgLdf s'ga]nf s] x'g] xf] eGg] 8/n] ;a}sf] dgdf qf;} qf; 5 . Pp6f sfd rnfp dGqL d08n ag]sf] 5 To;sf] cfo' slt xf] eGg] s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . otf cbfnt sfg'gsf] km};nf u5{ t/ ToxL cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] lxDdt cfkm"nfO{ ;/sf/ x'F eGg] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] 5}g . aNnaNn b]zdf e|i6rf/lj/f]wL cleofg z'? ePsf] lyof] To;df clVtof/nfO{ ;a} ;fdfGo gful/sn] xfO xfO ul//x]sf] a]nf cbfntn] y'gfsf nflu km};nf ;'gfpFbf ;'gfpFb} klg ;/sf/ ck/fwLnfO{ lgw{Ss;Fu 5ftL km'nfP/ kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ug{ lbO/x]sf] 5 .
ha b]zdf cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ ;d]t a]jf:tf ul/G5 eg] Tof] b]zdf s]sf] sfg'g 5 eGg] < sfg'g s;sf nflu < cbfnt s] sf nflu < ck/fwLx? v'n]cfd kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ub}{ pN6f] cbfntlj?4 g} vlgG5g\ eg] Tof] b]zdf s'g sfg'g 5 <
cfh /fhgLlts ck/fwLx?n] b]z vf]qmf] kf/]sf] s'/f 3fdem}+ 5n{ª 5Fbf 5Fb} klg tL /fhgLlts ck/fwLx?dfly s'g} sf/jfxL gugf{n] b]z ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx? ;a} nfhn] cfkm\gf] d'v 5f]Kg afWo ePsf 5g\ .
cfkm"nfO{ eGg] a]nfdf hgtfsf] d'lQmsf nflu n8\g] xf}+ eGg] dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg v'n]cfd /fhgLlts ck/fwLx?;Fu rGbf ;+sng u/]/ pgLx?nfO{ ck/fw ug{ 5'6 lbO/x]sf 5g\ t/ ufpF 3/sf lgwf{ ;fdfGo xnL uf]7fnf clg ;fdfGo hLjg ofkgsf nflu hfuL/ vfg hfg] kl/jf/dfly lg3f{t ?kdf uf]nL a;f{O/x]sf sof}+ 36gfx? ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf xHhf/f}+ xHhf/ gful/sx?n] 3':ofxf, e|i6rf/L, b]zsf] ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ x/0fsf/L /fhgLlts lu/f]xsf ;b:ox?nfO{ eg] v'Nnd v'Nnf /fhwfgL xf];\ jf ufpF3/ htfklg kh]/f] / k|f8f] lnP/ lx8\g 5'6 5 . g ltgnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] sfg'gn] ;dft]sf] 5 gt ;/sf/L sfg'gn] sfg'g t To;sf nflu 5 h;n] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ rGbf lbg ;Sb}g clg ;/sf/nfO{ ;'/fsLsf] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g ltgLx?dfly dfq clxn] b'j}y/Lsf] sfg'g 5 . o;}n] o:tf] cj:yfdf cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf nflu sfd ug]{ s'g} /fhgLlts kf6L{ xf}+ xfdL /fhgLlts zlQm xf}+ eGg] s;}nfO{ nfU5 eg] To:tf /fhgLlts zlQmx?n] To:tf e|i6rf/Lx?nfO{ hgcbfntdf pEofP/ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf b08 ;hfo lbg ;Sg'k5{ tadfq ltgLx?n] hgtfsf] dg lhTg ;Sg]5g\ .
s'g} klg /fhgLlts zlQmx?n] e|i6rf/L, b]zdf/fx?nfO{ kl5 nufP/ lx8\5 / To;}n] lbPsf] rGbfn] cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts clei6 k"/f u5'{ eGg' To;sf nflu afn'jfsf] dxn agfpg'dfq x'g hfG5 .
;do anjfg 5 t;y{ ;don] Tof] lbg klg Nofpg] 5 h;n] s'g} rGbfsf] e/df cfkm\gf] e|i6rf/ 5f]Kg ;Sg] 5}g .

:jR5 /fi6|k|d'v 5fGg] clwsf/ hgtfsf] xf]

b/jf/ xTofsf08b]lv g} rrf{ kl/rrf{sf] lzv/df cfPsf] b/jf/sf] s"l6n rfnaf6 ljZj e/ /x]sf g]kfnLx? g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kl/b[io b]v]/ b'Mv dgfp ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . s;}k|lt k"jf{u|x g/fvL eGg] xf] eg], b/jf/ xTofsf08kl5 hfg]/ jf ghfg]/ g]kfnsf] k|hftGq ljno u/fpg] sfddf g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL vfcf]jfbL ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?n] klg cfkm\gf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf x'g\ . t/ o;f] eGb}df /fhgLlts kl/kf6Ls} cGTo u/]/ of] @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf /fhfn] cfkm\gf] dgk/LtGq rnfpg' /fhfsf nflu s'g} klg cy{df lxts/ b]lvb}g .
z]/axfb'/nfO{ z]/ agfpg]b]lv lnP/ nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb, ;"o{ axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ :j:R5 5jL b]Vg] /fhfn] cfkm" hgtfsf] gh/df slt :jR5 5' eGg] s'/f eg] clnslt klg b]vfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . /fhf / /fhfsf ;Gtfg :jR5 eP gePsf] hfGg] clwsf/ hgtfsf] 5 ls 5}g < cfh /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx? :jR5 5ljsf ePgg\ eg]/ k|hftGq df;]/ /fhtGqnfO{ h;/L ;lqmo u/fOPsf] 5 o;af/] af]Ng] clwsf/ hgtfnfO{ 5 ls 5}g <
cfh b'O{;ftfeGbf a9L lbg ljlt;Sbf klg b]zdf k|wfgdGqL 5}g . :yfgLo lgsfob]lv dflyNnf] ;Dk"0f{ lgsfo e+u ePsf] cj:yf 5 o:tf] efF8 e}nf] cj:yfdf k'/\ofpg] sfd :jR5 5lj ePsf /fhfn] lsg ul//x]sf 5g\ < of] ;f]Wg] clwsf/ hgtfnfO{ 5 ls 5}g < cfkm\gf 5f]/f cyf{t\ pQ/flwsf/LnfO{ o'j/fhsf] kb\jL lbg;d]t bz}+ ltxf/ s'g]{ /fhfnfO{ hgtfn] klg ca xfd|f /fhfsf] 5lj :jR5 ePg eg]/ ;8sdf pq'g' s'g} gf}nf] s'/f] x}g .
æcfkm" enf] t hut enf]Æ eGg] plQm 5 To;}n] /fhfn] cfkm" :jR5 gePkl5 c? s;}nfO{ klg :jR5 b]Vg g;Sg' :jefljs} xf] . cfh;Dd klg b/jf/n] hgtfdfem s"l6n rnv]ndfq ul//x]sf] 5 . ha ha hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngn] lta|tf lnG5 ta ta /fhf Pp6f Pp6f kf;f ;8sdf kN6fpg yfNb5g\ . otf /fhfsf] kf;fdf k/]sf g]kfnsf cfkm"nfO{ /fhg]tfeGg]x? klg ;8s cfGbf]ng dYy/ kfg{ s;/t ub{5g\ / b/jf/sf] s'/f s'/]/ ;fFem ljxfg} a:g] kl/kf6L a;]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ cfh;Dd klg g cfkm" :jR5 gePsf /fhfn] c? s'g} :jR5 k|wfgdGqL kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
:jR5 5lj ePsf] /fi6|k|d'v 5fGg] clwsf/ /fhfsf] x}g hgtfsf] xf] . olb cfkm\gf /fi6|k|d'v :jR5 ePgg\ eg] To:tf /fi6|k|d'vnfO{ hgtfx?n] ;w}+sf nflu /fhgLlts kQf ;fkm ul/lbg] clwsf/ hgtfdf lgxLt x'g'k5{ . /fhfnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf s'g} 6Ls] k|wfgdGqL vf]Hg] clwsf/ 5}g . hgtfsf] lg0f{onfO{ g} ;j{dfGo agfpg] xf] eg] /fhfn] klg cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf] gh/df :jR5 agfpg ;Sg'k5{ ta dfq /fi6|k|d'v eP/ :jR5 5ljsf] k|wfgdGqL agfpg] clwsf/ /fi6|k|d'vsf] x'ghfG5 . o;y{ clxn]sf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu /fhf dfcf]jfbL, g]kfnL /fhgLlts bnx? ;a}sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf klxn] b]znfO{ :jR5 5ljsf] /fi6|k|d'v 5fGg] clwsf/ hgtfnfO{ k|bfg ug'{k5{ ta dfq b]z cufl8 a9\g ;S5 gq /fhfs} kf;fdf /fhgLlts bnx? klg km:b} hfg] xf] eg] b]zn] g t :jR5 /fi6|k|d'v kfpF5 gt :jR5 k|wfgdGqL g} kfpF5 . klxn] g]kfnL hgtfn] /fi6| k|d'v g} :jR5 5 ls 5}g Tof] hfGg] clwsf/ kfpg'k5{, o;}df /fhf, k|hf ;a}sf] sNof0f 5 . hgtfeGbf dflysf] s'g} klg zlQm cj}wflgs xf] . hgtfeGbf dfly s'g} zlQm a:5' eG5 eg] To;nfO{ emfg]{ clwsf/ hgtfsf] xf] . cfhsf] of] @! cf}+ ;tfAbLdf g]kfnLx? g PstGqLo u0ftGqsf] kIfdf ;xdt x'g;S5g\ g t PstGqLo /fhtGqs} kIfdf o;y{ hgtfdfly zf;g ug]{ ;kgf af]s]sf tL zf;sx?nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm\gf] 5lj :jR5 agfpg] df}sf cem} lbO/x]sf 5g\ To;}n] of] df}sfnfO{ ;a}n] ;b"kof]u ug'{ g} ;a}sf nflu sNof0fx'g]5 .

cfGbf]ngk|ltsf] P]Soj4tf

ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?, a'l4hLjL, kqsf/, lrlsT;s, sfg'g\lj4\ nufot xHhf/f}+ hgtfsf] ;dy{gdf lg/ªs'ztGqsf lj?4 rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf a:g] kqsf/x?sf] ;+:yf g]kfn cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3 cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soj4tf hgfpFb5 .
s'g} klg k|sf/sf] bdg / lg/+s'ztGqaf6 hgtfn] d'lQm kfpg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fVb} cfPsf] xfd|f] k|sfzg g]kfnL kf]i6 dfkm{t\ g]kfndf rnfpg yflnPsf] bdgsf] 3f]/ lgGbf ub{5 . hgtfsf] clwsf/ hgtfnfO{ ;'DkGg / hgtfeGbf ;j{zlQmdfg ;+;f/df sf]xL klg aGg ;Sb}g . jt{dfg ;/sf/4f/f /fhgLlts bnx? / dfgjclwsf/jfbLdfly ul/Psf] bdg rf8f]eGbf rf8f+] aGb ug{ / k|x/L, k|zf;g, ;]gf nufotdf /x]sf hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] s]xL JolQmsf] zf;g;Qf l6sfpgsf nflu cfkm\g} bfh'efO lj?4 gpqg ;d]t cfu|x ub{5 .
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg bdg / lg/+s'ztf x}g eGb} oxL cfGbf]ngsf] lg0f{oaf6 ;'Gb/ g]kfn agfpg] sfddf nfUg / s'g kIfsf] g]kfndf sfd 5}g To; kIfnfO{ ax'dt g]kfnLx?n] g} ldn]/ h/} pv]n]/ km\ofSg / af/Daf/ k|hftGq df:g] l:ylt k'gM gbf]xf]/fpg ;d]t xfdL cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
hgtfsf] lg0f{o g} ;j]{ ;jf{ x'G5 eGg] ljZjJofkL dfGotfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL x'g\ /fhfjfbL x'g\ jf cGo /fhgLlts bnx? x'g\ ;a}n] a'em\g'k5{ / b]zdf hlt;Sbf] rf8f]+ xTof lx+;f bdg /f]lsg' k5{ eGb} of] cfGbf]ngn] g]kfndf xHhf/f}+ jif{;Dd gdfl;g] k|hftGq :yfkgf ug{sf nflu lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .
of] cfGbf]gsf] g]t[Tj ca k'/fgf !@ jif{ b]z rnfPsf g]tfx?n] x}g pgLx?n] cfkm"x?n] uNtL u/]sf] s'/f of] of] uNtL /x]5 Tof] uNtL gbf]xf]l/of];\ eGg] cfkm\gf cd"No ;'emfj o'jfx?nfO{ lbP/ cfGbf]ngsf] afu8f]/ cfkm\gf] xftaf6 o'jf k':tfdf lbg'kg]{ ;d]t xfdL ;'emfj lbb}+ cfGbf]ng b/jf/df nu]/ t'xfpg] sfd gug{ ;d]t ;a} cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?;dIf cfu|x ub{5f}+
cGtdf, xfd|f] k|sfzg g]kfnL kf]i6sf :tDesf/ tyf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf s[i0f kxf8L nufotsf dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfo{stf{, kqsf/, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ lgd{dtf k"j{s lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf]df ;/sf/n] an]sf] cfuf]df l3p yKg] sfd u/]sf] 5 eGb} lu/ˆtf/L / bdgsf] efiff /f]Sg / lu/ˆtf/Ldf k/]sfx?nfO{ rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] l/xf ug{sf nflu xfdL k'gM ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg rfxG5f}+ .

jftf{ lagf s'g} ljsNk 5}g

dfr{ @&, @))$

g]kfndf ;/sf/ / ljb|f]xLaLrsf] 4G4sf sf/0f dfgjhfltsf] eO/x]sf] ljgfzsf] l:ylt b]v]/ ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf dxf;lrj sf]kmL cGgfg nufotsf cGo ljb]zL /fi6|x?n] ;/sf/ / ljb|f]xL b'j} kIfnfO{ jftf{df a:g hf]8 lbO/x]sf ;dfrf/x? cfO/x]sf 5g\ . b'j} kIfaf6 of] sbdnfO{ ;sf/fTds tj/n] lnPsf] jStJox? klg cfPsf 5g\ . t/ b'j} kIf eg] b]zdf zflGt;'/Iff e+u ug{ g} p2t b]lvG5g\ . gofF ;Qf / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] gfddf xHhf/f}+ lgd'vf gful/sx?sf] cgfxsdf Hofg uPsf] 5 . slxn] z'/Iff kmf}hsf] tkm{af6 !* jif]{ o'jtLnfO{ cfFvfdf kl§ / xft afFw]/ lgwf/df uf]nL xflgPsf] 5 eg] slxn] ljb|f]xLx?n] ;fOsndf rl9/x]sf] o'jsnfO{ 6fpsf]df uf]nL xfgL df/]sf va/x? t slxn] 3/ uO/x]sf] ;]gfnfO{ dfl//x]sf x'G5g\ . o;/L bfh'efO df/fdf/sf] l:yltdf cem} klg b'j} kIfn] of] l:yltnfO{ g/f]Sg] xf] eg] b]zdf ef]ln s;sf nflu s;n] zf;g ug]{ < /fhgLlts bnx? ;8sdf rsf{ gf/f nufP/ ;8s cfGbf]ng ug]{ eGb} lxl8/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? ufpF j:tLsf] zflGtk|lt slt klg pQ/bfoL b]lvb}gg\ . pgLx?sf] k|d'v dfu s] xf] eGg] pgLx?nfO{ g} yfxf 5}g h:tf] b]lvG5 . s] yfkf d08nL x6fpFb}df of] cf7 jif{b]lvsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 < s] pgLx?n] ;Qf kfpFb}df k|ltudg lkmtf{ x'G5 < b]zdf g sfg'g 5 g ;+ljwfg 5 o:tf] cj:yfdf s] sf nflu cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf 5g\ < o;tkm{ /fhgLlts bnx? lsg df}g 5g\ < / vfnL k|ltudgsf s'/f u/]/ cfkm\gf] 3f]qmf] ;'sfO/x]sf 5g\ < ptf cfkm"nfO{ gofF ;Qf / jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ k'/fgf] ;Qf egL bfjL ug]{ b'O{ aGb's]x?n] b]z tx; gx; kfl/;s]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] (% k|ltzt efu rfx] 8/ / qf;n] g} eP klg gofF ;Qfsf] xftdf kl/;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;/sf/ r'gfj u/fpF5' eg]/ wfs lbb}+ cfkm\gf] ;Qf PstkmL{ lsl;dn] nDjfO/x]sf] 5 . ljb]z k'u]/ b]zsf] dfgjclwsfsf] l:yltaf/] /fd|f /fd|f s'/f ubf{ gub}{ b]zdf ;of}+ hgfsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] s'/f k'U5 .
e"6fgL k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf g]tf 6]s gfy l/hfnnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Pp6f 6|fen 8s'd]G6 pknAw gu/fP/ cem} e"6fgs} rfs/L ul//x]5 .
ptf #% cf}+ hgf ck/x0f u/]/ gofF ;Qfn] nfFbf klg k'/fgf] ;Qfn] s;}sf] vf]O vj/L kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . k'/fgf] ;Qf;Fu cTofw'lgs xft xltof/b]lv lnP/ ;Dk"0f{ vfn] zlQm eP/ klg cflv/ ufpF hfg] cfF6 ug]{ cfF6L ;}lgsx? / k|x/Lx? kfpg 5fl8Psf sf/0f cfh of] cj:yf cfOk'usf] 5 . cgfxsdf o'4 ug{ uP/ dg{sf nflu k'/fgf] kIfsf sf]xL klg tlD;g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx?nfO{ o'4 u/]/ yfkf d08nLsf] s';L{ hf]ufpg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo 5}g eGg] hfg]/ g} xf]nf s;/L x'G5 cfkm\gf] cfTd/Iffsf nflu dfq pgLx? efUg], cfTd;d{0f ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
otf xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf afhfufhf;lxt ;b/d'sfd xfGg cfpg]x?nfO{ ;w}+e/L ca k'/fgf] ;Qfn] cft+ssf/Lsf] ljNnfdfq le/fO{ lbg] xf] eg] b]zdf slt cft+ssf/L 5g\ t < s] ufp+n]x? ;a} cft+ssf/L eP < cfkm"nfO{ gofF ;Qf xf} eGg]x?n] klg ;b/d'sfd xfGg] gfddf ;b/d'sfd g} dfgjljxLg agfP/ ug{ vf]h]sf] s] xf] <
b]zdf ca ;w}+e/L k'/fgf] ;Qf / gofF ;Qf eg]/ cfd gful/snfO{ b'O6f ;Qfn] r]k'jf kfg'{ ePg eGg] xfd|f] d'Vo egfO xf] . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ca /fhwfgL 5f8]/ ls ufpF ufpFdf uP/ klg zf;g ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnP/ ;a}lt/ zflGt;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ ;Sg'k/\of] x}g eg] b]zdf gofF ;Qf 5 eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ u/]/ 6Lsf nufP/ gf/fo0flx6L b/jf/leqaf6 rnfOPsf] ;Qf hgtfsf xftdf lbg cl3 ;g'{k/\of] .
jiff}{ jif{;Dd 4G4sf] l:yltdf /x]/ b]znfO{ w/f;foL agfP/ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf 7]Ss]bf/ cfkm\gf] ;'/Iffy{ ;]gfsf] 6's8L lnP/ lhNnf hfFb}df lhNnfx?df zflGt ;'/Iff sfod x'Fb}g . ;Qfsf] dftdf /x]sf yfkf d08nLn] klg of] n8fOF / emu8faf6 b]zdf s;}sf] klg lxt x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;f]Rg ;Sg'k/\of] . ;'/Iff b:tf ca gofF ;Qf;Fu n8\g x}g gofF ;Qfb]lv s;/L hf]lug' eGg] t/jf/sf] wf/df /x]/ a;]sf b]lvG5g\ . ca o:tf] afn'jfsf] 3/ w]/} ;do l6Sg ;Sg] cj:yf b]zdf b]lvb}g . To;}n] ;dod} b'j}kIfaf6 a'l4 k'/\ofP/ jftf{ e+u gx'g] u/L jftf{df a:g', g]kfnsf cGo /fhgLlts bnx?n] klg o;}sf] nflu kxn ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]dfq b]z cufl8 a9g\ ;S5 / o:tf 4G4 ;dfwfgsf nflu aGb's x}g jftf{sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g hfg] x'gfn] jftf{ ljgf cGo s'g} ljsNk 5}g eGg] s'/f ;a} kIfn] a'em\g' h?/L 5 . o;af6 dfq ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL]sf] dfq x}g dfgjhflts} sNof0f x'g] s'/fdf s;}sf] b'O{dt gxf]nf .

csf]{ clezfk

hgj/L !&, @))$

ut cS6f]a/ @) df g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r08sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg kf]ln6Jo"/f]sf] a}7skl5 hf/L ul/Psf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] .
æu|fld0f If]qdf ljleGg /fhg}lts bnsf g]tf Pj+ sfo{stf{dfly /fhg}lts cf:yfs} sf/0f s'g} klg lsl;dsf] sfo{jfxL gug]{ kf6L{ gLltnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s sfof{GJog ub}{ /fhg}lts bnsf] 5xf/Ldf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;'/fsLsf] sfd ug]{ JolQmsf xsdf hgjfbL j}wflgs k|lqmof cg';f/dfq sfo{jfxL ug]{ tyf ;DalGwt JolQm / /fhg}lts bnnfO{ ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbg] gLlt :ki6 ul/Psf] 5 .Æ
To;}u/L ;f]xL lbg k|sflzt lj1lKtdf elgPsf] lyof], rGbf ;+sngsf ;Gbe{df hg;d'bfosf nflu :j}lR5s / 7"nf Aofkf/L, pBf]uktL, oftfoft Joj;foL nufotsf JolQm Pj+ ;+3;+:yfsf xsdf lglZrt s/ k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ .Æ
o;/L ;f9] tLg dlxgfcl3 hf/L ul/Psf] lj1lKtnfO{ cWoIf k|r08sf sfo{stf{x?n] k"j{ kqsf/ tyf /fli6|o k|hftGq kf6L{sf tkm{af6 dgf]lgt ul/Psf jL/uGh pkdxfgu/sf gu/k|d'v uf]kfn lu/Ldfly ul/Psf] xTofn] dfcf]jfbLx?k|lt ca s] cfwf/df hgtfn] ljZjf; ug]{ ls pgLx?sf g]tfx?n] lbPsf lgb]{zgsf] sfo{stf{x?n] kfngf u5{g\ eg]/ <
dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng ca lbzfljxLg cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 eGbf km/s gkg]{ ePsf] 5 . ufpF 3/df ;fdfGo /fhgLltsdL{x?nfO{ ul/g] ef}lts ;kmfosf] cleofgaf6 pgLx? / ;/sf/df s] km/s /Xof] < ;/sf/ ;fdfGo gful/snfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf gfddf uf]nL xflg xTof u5{ . ufpF 3/sf r]nLa]6Lx?dfly anTsf/ ub}{ lx8\5 / cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf nflu n8]sf xf}+ eGg] dfcf]jfbLx? klg ufpF 3/df Jojxf/df ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{x?h:t} lgn{Hh eP/ xTof cft+s / anTsf/ ub}{ lx8\5g\ eg] ;fdfGo gful/sn] ca s] cfzf /fVg] <
;/sf/ klg xfd|f ;'/Iff k|d'vn] tkfO{+nfO{ af]nfP/ Nofpg'eGg' ePsf] 5 eg]/ hf] ;'s}nfO{ hlt;'s}a]nf ckx/0f u/]/ n}hfG5 To:t} dfcf]jfbLx? klg hlt;'s} a]nf xfd|f lhNnf kf6L{ sdf08/n] tkfO{+nfO{ ;fdfGo ;f]wk'5sf nflu af]nfpg'ePsf] 5 eg]/ n}hfG5g\ / pgsf] xTof u5{g\ eg] oL cfkm"nfO{ gofF ;Qf eGg]x? / dfcf]jfbLsf] efiffdf k'/fgf] ;Qf eGg]df s] km/s /Xof] <
dfG5] eP/ afFRg kfpg' p;sf] g};uL{s clwsf/ xf] ;/sf/ kIf / dfcf]jfbL b'j} kIfaf6 xTof ug]{ kl/kf6LnfO{ 5f]8\g'k5{ . To; cy{df dflg;n] lg/Gt/ gofF s'/f l;Sb} hfg] / cfkm"af6 x'g k'u]sf s]xL sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ub}{ nfg] k|lqmof g} dfgj ;+:s[lt / ;Eotfsf] k|lqmof / p2]Zo xf] .
cfkm\gf hgof]4f dbf{ ;'/Iff km}fhx?nfO{ ;Sbf] ;/fKg]x?n] ;fdfGo /fhgLltsdL{sf] xTof ubf{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] hf;'; b]Vg] k/Dk/fnfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] Tofu]/ pgLx?n] cfkm"x?n] eg] h:t} ljrf/af6 hgtfdf cfˆgf] kIfdf Nofpg ;Sg'k5{ ta dfq /fhgLlt kl/kf6L a:5 x}g eg] dfgjclwsf/ xgg ug]{ ;Qf / dfcf]jfbLdf km/s s] g} /Xof] < s's'/n] 6f]Sg cfPkl5 ss'/nfO{ g} 6f]Sg hfg] k/Dk/fnfO{ b'j} ;Qf tyf dfcf]jfbLx?n] 5f8\g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
;fdfGo zx/ ahf/ ufpF 3/sf d]o/ j8fcWoIf df/]/ qmflGt ;kmn x'Fb}g eGg] hfGbf hfGb} klg dfcf]jfbLx?n] lsg o;/L JolQm xTofsf kl5 nfu]sf 5g\ < /fhwfgLdf cfh u0ftGqsf] gf/f nflu/x]sf] cj:yfdf cGo ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?;Fu xf]:6]df x}+;] ug'{kg]{ a]nfdf h+undf a;]/ jf s;}nfO{ jftf{ ug{ af]nfP/ xTof ug'{ eg]sf] pgLx?sf] /fli6|o tyf cGt/f{li6|o abgfdL sdfpg'afx]s c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .
o; s'/fnfO{ k'gM hf]8 lbg cfjZos 5 M cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] /fli6|o tyf cGt/f{li6|o ?kdf abgfdL sdfO;s]sf] a]nfdf ;Qfn] JolQm xTof u/\of] eg] To;sf] k|ltsf/ ub}{ s;/L x'G5 cfkm"x?n] /fi6| lgdf{0f / hgtfsf nflu sfd ug]{ a]nfdf hgo'4sf] gfddf ;fdfGo JolQm xTof u/]/ qmflGt ;kmn x'g] lbjf :jKg b]Vg' dfcf]jfbLsf nflu csf]{ clezfk aGb} uPsf] 5 .

b]z k'gM o'4sf] e"d/Ldf gk/f];\

ZfflGtsf] rfxgf af]s]/ a;]sf g]kfnL hgtfx?sf] cfzfdf t';f/fkft knfpg] xf] ls eGg] z+sf clxn] plAhPsf] 5 . ut df3 !^ ut]kl5sf] o'4lj/fd / zflGtjftf{sf] k|lqmof ca t'lxg] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yf eg]sf] h;/L ufO{ a:t' 5 ;ft dlxgfdf k]6sf] aflx/af6 9'+uf nfu]/ of n8]/ t'lxG5g\ clxn] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sfaLrsf] jftf{ 9'+uf of n8]/ ufO{a:t' t'lxP h:t} cj:yfdf k'usf] 5 . o;/L zflGtjftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9\g g;Sg' / dfcf]jfbLx?sf tkm{af6 / ;/sf/L kIfaf6 ;d]t jftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 al9/xFbf ePsf] cfrf/;lx+tf pNn+3gn] ;d]t k/fsfi6 gf3]sf] cj:yfdf k'gM b]zdf o'4s} z'?cft x'g] t x}g eg]/ cfd g]kfnLx? :jb]z jf ljb]z hxfF a:g] eP klg lrlGtt 5g\ . b]zsf] /fhgLlts cj:yfsf] t s'/} 5f8f}+ ;fdflhs, cfly{s cj:yf p7\g ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf b]z km]/L u[xo'4lt/ nfu]df b]zsf] l:yltn] s'g ?k lng] xf] o;k|lt u+eL/ x'g'kg]{ a]nf ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?sf] xf] t/ /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;Qfsf] s';L{ afx]s slxNo} s]xL x]/]gg\ . pgLx?sf] n8fOF eg]s} ;Qfdf k'Ug'dfq ePsf] sf/0fn] cfh b]zn] ut !@ jif{df of] /;ftndf k'Ug'k/]sf] xf] . /fhgLlts bnx?sf s'/f ca hgtfx?n] kTofpg 5f8\g 5f8\g nfu]sf] a]nfdf k'gM dfcf]jfbLx? h+un k;]/ u'l/Nnf o'4 g} rnfpg] kIfdf uP eg] o;sf] ;a}eGbf a9L lhDd]jf/L t /fhfn] g} lng'kg]{ b]lvG5 . /fhf s] sf nflu /fhfn] hgtfsf nflu zflGt ;'Joj:yf ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eg] /fhfn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] k|wfgdGqLsf] s] sfd eGg] k|Zg k'gM v8f eP/ hfG5 . clxn] b]zdf /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;g 5 . ;+ljwfg d[t cj:yfdf jt{dfg k|wfgdGqLn] x}g sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLdf 5 eg]/ hlt;'s} eg] klg jf:tjdf of] /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;g xf] .
lxhf] rGb ;/sf/ klg /fhfs} lgufxfdf rn]sf] ;/sf/ lyof] eg] cfhsf] ;/sf/ klg /fhfs} lgufxfdf rn]sf] ;/sf/ xf] To;}n] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ lxhf]sf] ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ ug]{ t/ cfhsf] ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ gug]{ eg]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf b'j}lt/af6 jftf{df hf]8 lbg'kg]{df /fhfn] klg slxn] k|wfgdGqL km]/jbn u/fpg] clg slxn] s] ug]{ u/]/ jftf{sf] sf8{df dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ cNemfPsf] b]lvof] . o;n] ubf{ klg jftf{ k|lt dfcf]jfbLx? ;+zlst x'g' :jefljs} xf] .
jftf{ gx'g'df ;a}eGbf a9L bf]ifL /fhf b]lvG5g\ . olb ca /fhfn] cfkm\gf] Oltxf; /fVg rfxG5g\ eg] of] lelq gf6s 5f8]/ /fhfn] g} jftf{sf] nflu Ps sbd cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . hgtfsf ;Rrf lxdfolt /fhf x'g rfxG5g\ / ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?k|lt s"l6n rfn grlnsg hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTg] xf] eg] /fhfn] z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ unxTofP/ ;+;bLo Joj:yf h;/L df:g] sfd u/]/ jbgfdL sdfP Tof] jbgfdLnfO{ of] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu plrt af6f] ;dfTg] xf] eg] b]zdf /fhf k'gM Psk6s /fhfsf ?kdf :yflkt x'G5g\ .
/fhfnfO{ s] gk'Ubf] 5 / /fhfn] hgtfdfly ;w}+ s"l6n rfn v]Ng] hgtfnfO{ v'zL kfg]{ xf] eg] /fhf ;a}sf ;femf x'G5g\ . h;/L ljutdf :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|n] @)$^ ;fndf k|hftGq glbPsf eP pgsf] xTofsf08kl5 Tolt w]/} hgtfx?n] pgsf] xTofdf zf]s dgfpg] lyPgg\ . To;}n] /fhfn] /fhfsf] :yfgdf a:g] xf] eg] klxn] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg u/]/ hgtfx?sf] clwsf/ hgtfnfO{ g} ;'Dk]/ cfkm" /fhfsf ?kdf u2Ldf kbfl;g ubf{ g} sNof0f x'G5 gls /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ emu8f u/fP/ slxn] Pp6fnfO{ cfOh tnfO{ s]xL lbg k|wfgdGqL agfOlbpFnf eGb} km]/L To;nfO{ lgsfn]/ csf]{ JolQmnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfP/ b]z ca rNg] 5}g . hgtfsf] pef/nfO{ ;dodf lrGg g;s]sf v08df /fhfnfO{ ca of] slno'udf s;}n] klg lji0f'sf] cjtf/ dfGg] kIfdf 5}gg\ To;}n] clxn]sf] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu of] ;+;bLo Joj:yf gePsf] / ;+ljwfg ;d]t d[t eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf /fhfsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L 5 To;}n] b]z / hgtfnfO{ hf]ufpg] xf] eg] /fhfn] k|ToIf b]vfk/]/ o;sf] lgsf; lbg ;Sg'k5{ . ca ;w}+ kbf{ k5fl8af6 /fhgLlt ug]{ x}g cufl8 g} cfP/ /fhgLlt u/]/ ;d:of ;dfwfgkl5sf] lgsf;af6 lg:sg] lg0f{onfO{ l;/f]wfo{ ug{ ;s]sf v08df /fhf, b]z / hgtf ;a}sf] sNof0f x'G5 . b]z k'gM o'4sf] e"d/Ldf gk/f];\ xfd|f] oxL sfdgf 5 .

h'nfO{ @@, @))#

OG6/g]6 ;'ljwf g]kfndf ;j{;'nesf nflu ;/sf/;Fu cfu|x

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df O-kqsfl/tf cfjZostf / cf}lrTo ljifos uf]i7Ldf g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sdsf jf/]df pkl:yt kqsf/ tyf a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ g]kfnLkf]i6sf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v|]nn] lbg'ePsf] jQmJo .

cfb/0fLo k|d'v cltlyHo", d]/L dftfHo", ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfHo"x?, dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+:yfsf ldqx?, To;}u/L sfo{qmddf kfNg'ePsf jl/i7 kqsf/ tyf g]6;Fu ;DalGwt k|fljlwsHo"x? / ;Dk"0f{ kqsf/ ldqx?,

;j{k|yd t oxfFx?n] g]kfn-cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3 tyf g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sdsf] lgDtf]nfO{ :jLsf/ u/L o; sfo{qmddf pkl:yt eOlbg' ePsf]df d x[bob]lv g} oxfFx?k|lt cfef/ JoQm ub{5' .
ut r}q @ ut] d]/f cfb/0fLo lktfHo' /fdrGb| kf]v/]nsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df pxfFsf] cfTdfsf] rL/zflGtsf] sfdgf ug'{x'g] / xfd|f] kl/jf/k|lt ;dj]bgf lbg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ z'elrGts, ;+3;+:yf / d]/f kqsf/ ldqx?df xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

d ljut ;ft jif{b]lv cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;+Ë6g 8L;Ldf a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf] 5' . g]kfndf ;ft aif{eGbf a9L ;do kqsfl/tf If]qdf g} latfPsf sf/0fn] ubf{ cfˆgf] Joj;flostfnfO{ cd]l/sf k'u]/ klg lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf] s'/f t oxfFx? ;a}nfO{ cjut g} xf]nf . d}n] cd]l/sf k'u]/ klg g]kfnsf nflu ljleGg kqklqsf / jLjL;L g]kfnL ;]jfsf nflu ;d]t ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]z0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5' .

o;} kqsfl/tfs} l;nl;nfdf xfdL cd]l/sfdf j;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf s]xL ldqx?sf] k|of;df ut cui6 #! ;g\ @))! b]lv cd]l/sfsf g]kfnL ultljlwx? / cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] g]kfnL efiff-;flxTodf ;d]t snd rnf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] xfdLn] g]6 klqsf g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sdsf] z'?cft u/]sf xf}+ .

o; klqsfsf] k|wfg ;Dkfbssf] lhDd]jf/L d}n] g} ;DxfNb} cfPsf] 5' eg] o;sf] ;Dkfbsdf ls/0f l;6f}nf x'g'x'G5 . o;sf] k|fljlws kIfsf] lhDd]jf/L j]j ;Dkfbs u0f]z ltdN;]gfhLn] lng'ePsf] 5 eg] efiff ;Dkfbgdf ;Demgf g]kfn x'g'x'G5 .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df O-kqsfl/tfsf] cfjZostf / cf}lrTo slt eO;s]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f t xfd|f lbgx'F @ xhf/sf] eGbfa9L ;+Vofdf OG6/g]6 klqsfdf cfpg] kf7sx?sf] ;+Vofn] klg k|i6 x'G5 . Pp6f ;fgf] ;d"xaf6 ;~rflnt of] g]6-klqsf g]kfnsf 7"nf k|sfzgx? eGbf lgSs} dxTjk"0f{ / ;"rgfd"ns ;dfrf/ kqsf ?kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] s'/f t xfdLn] k|sfzg u/]sf sltko ;dfrf/ ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ g]kfnsf kqklqsfn] k'gM k|sfzg ug'{n] klg atfpF5 .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s'/f ub{f OG6/g]6sf] ;'ljwf ;j{;'ne gx'g'sf sf/0f xfdL oxfFsf zx/L Onfsfsf s]xL ju{x? leq dfq ;Lldt ePsf] cfkm"nfO{ kfpF5f}+ . ;g\ @))) kl5b]lv g]kfndf klg OG6/g]6 zx/LIf]qdf lgs} g} ljsf; ePtf klg kqklqsf l;w} OG6/g]6df dfq g]kfnLefiffdf cfpg] ;fO6df g]kfnLkf]i6 g} klxnf] ;fO6 xf] elgxfNbf km/s gknf{ . o;nfO{ xfdLn] :jb]z tyf ljZjsf h'g;'s} s'gfdf a:g] g]kfnL efifLx?sf nflu ;"rgf / ljrf/sf] e08f/sf ?kdf :yfkgf ug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf xf}+ . of] ;~rf/sf] o'u xf] / ;~rf/ljgf dflg;x? Ps}l5g klg w}o{tf ug{;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .

xfd|f] k|sfzg s'g} klg jfbeGbf dfly /x]/ z'4 Joj;flos kqsfl/tfsf] x}l;otn] of] k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf xf}+ . ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] efjgf / :jb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] efjgfnfO{ o;df ;f6\g] k|of; ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ .

xfdLn] k|sfzg u/]sf ;fdfu|Lx?nfO{ g]kfnsf kqklqsfx?n] pkof]uL nfu]df g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sdaf6 ;fef/ egL k'gM k|sflzt ug'{ePdf xfdLnfO{ s'g} cfklQ gkg]{ s'/f klg d o;} d~af6 hfgsf/L u/fpF5' . t/ s[kof kqsf/ ldqx?n] kqsfl/tfsf] ;fdfGo wd{ klg lgjf{x gu/L xfd|f k|sfzgaf6 ;dfrf/x? x'jx' k'gM k|sfzg ug]{ t/ >f]t gv'nfPsf] ;d]t kfOPsfn] s[kof g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df skL/fO6\;sf] s'g} Joj:yf gePsfn] ubf{ xfdL cfkm}+n] o;sf] kfngf ug{;s]df ;dfhsf cGoIf]qsf nflu klg pbfx/0f x'g ;SYof] h:tf] nfU5 .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cfGbf]ng / df/sf6 eO/x]sf]df ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] klg ;w}+ b]z zflGt / ljsf; sfo{df cufl8 a9f];\ eGg] sfdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ . b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ ;Gbe{df ljZje/ /x]sf g]kfnLjLr hfu/0f Nofpgdf k|hftGq / dfgj clwsf/sf nflu cfjfh p7fpgsf lglDt klg O-kqsfl/tfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf ef]lnsf lbg cem x'g;Sg] ;+s]t g]kfndf b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 .

b]zdf k|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/, ;fdflhs cfly{s qmflGt ug{df ;d]t ef]ln o:tf k|sf/sf ;~rf/ dfWodx? ;a} If]qnfO{ a9L pkof]uL x'g;Sg] cj:yf 5 . ;~rf/nfO{ 5]Sg' eg]sf] cfhsf] o'udf xTs]nfn] ;"o{sf] k|sfznfO{ 5]Sg'h:t} xf] eGg] s'/f ljZjsf h'g;'s} /fHo ;~rfnsx?n] a'‰g' h?/L x'G5 . To;}n] ef]ln g]kfnsf ;~rf/dfWodx? dfly aGb]h gnfUnf eGg] l:ylt 5}g .

To;}n] ubf{ xfdL g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnaf6 klg hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] ;"rgf k|jfx ug{sf nflu g]6-sf] dfWodnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg ;Sg] xf] eg] o;sf] pkof]lutf Toltv]/ lgSs} x'ghfG5 . To;}n] cjsf] o'udf g]kfnsf OG6/g]6sf sDkgLx?n] hlt;Sbf] ;lsG5 ;j{;'ne ?kdf pknJw u/fpg'tkm{ nfUg, To:t} b]zsf x/]s uf=lj=;=df sd;]sd klg Pp6f OG6/g]6sf] Joj:yf ul/lbg yfNg] xf] eg] g]kfnLx? klg ljZj;+u w]/} glhs x'Gy] . o;sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/n] klg x/]s uf=lj=;=df 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k'¥ofpg] nIo lnPh:t} OG6/g]6 ;'ljwf lbg]tkm{ ;f]Rg' klg cfhsf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu b"/;~rf/ / OG6/g]6 sDkgLx?n] ;j{;'ne cglnld6]8 ;]jf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{df klg g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sd >L % sf] ;/sf/;+u cfu|x ub{5 .

xfdL ;+w} /fhgLlts lvrftfgLdf dfq afFRof} . To;f] t of] !@ aif{sf] cjlwdf xfdLn] s'g} If]qdf klg ljsf; ug{ ;s]gf}+ t/ of] ;dosf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljsf; eg]sf] ;~rf/ If]qdf ePsf] b]lvof] .

cfwf bh{geGbf w]/} 7"nf k|sfzgx?, Pkm Pd /]l8of], gLlh:t/sf 6]lnlehg ;~rfng of] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pknlJw xfdLn] kfPsf 5f}+ . ;~rf/sf] ljsf;n] xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfhsf vf; u/L o'jfju{n] aflx/L ;+;f/sf gsf/fTds s'/fx?nfO{ eg] l56\6} l6k] t/ ljsf; / lgdf{0fsf s'/fx?nfO{ xfd|f g]t[Tjju{n] slxNo} klg l6Kg ;s]gg\ . /fhgLlts n8fO{+sf sf/0f ;+~rf/df h'g lsl;dn] ljsf; ePsf] xf] Tof] lsl;dn] xfd|f] dfgl;stfdf s'g} kl/jt{g cfpg g;Sg'n] o'jfju{n] klg /fd|f] ;+:s[lt lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg' xfd|f nflu la8Djgf ePsf] 5 . o;y{, ef]lnsf lbgdf g]kfnsf nflu /fhgLlts ljsf;sf nflu dfq geP/ ;fdflhs / cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu klg g]6-kqsfl/tfn] ;dfhdf 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 .

o;}nfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} xfdL k|jfzL o'jfx?n] klg ljZje/sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ Pslqt ug]{ / Psfk;df ljrf/-k|jfx ug]{ ynf]sf ?kdf ljsl;t ub}{ nUg] k|of;:j?k of] g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sdsf] yfngL u/]sf xf}+ . o;sf nflu g]kfndf /xg'ePsf ;Dk"0f{ kqsf/ ldqx?, n]vs, a'l4hLjL, /fhgLlt1 ;a} If]qsf JolQmx?sf] TolQs} ;xeflutf /xg] 5 eGg] ;d]t d}n] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5' .

clxn];Dd g]kfn / g]kfn aflx/ a:g'ePsf xfd|f g]kfnL kf7sx?n] h;/L OG6/g]6 vf]n]/ xfd|f] klqsf x]l/lbO/xg' ePsf] 5 To;sf nflu xflb{s wGojfb lb+b} cfpFbf lbgx?df klg kf7sx?sf] cd"No dfof xfdL kfO/xg] 5f}+ eGg] cfzf /fVb} pkl:yt x'g'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?df k'gM Psk6s xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

To;}u/L b]zleq / b]z jflx/ /x]sf xfd|f lgoldt n]vsx?, slj, ;flxTosf/ ;a}k|lt klg xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . d}n] cfpFbf lbgdf klg g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sdsf nflu oxfFx?n] cfˆgf n]v-/rgf k7fP/ ;xof]u ul//xg' x'g]5 eGg] cfzf /fv]sf] 5' .

of] j]a ;Grfngsf nflu xfdL ;a} :jo+;]jssf ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ eg] xfd|f] j]a ;Grfngsf nflu rflxg] s]xL /sd xfdLnfO{ xfd|f lj1fkgbftfx?n] pknJw u/fO/xg' ePsf]df pxfFx?n] klg eljiodf lg/Gt/ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' g} x'g]5 .

To;}u/L dnfO{ ;xof]u / ;Nnfx lbg'x'g] d]/f cu|h kqsf/ w|'jxl/ clwsf/L, kbdl;+x sfsL{, tLy{ sf]O/fnf, k|]d s}bL, s[i0f kxf8L, dl0f /f0ff / kqsf/ ldqx? zflnu|fd cof{n, /fhs'df/ /]UdL, g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf /fh]Gb|/fh ltdN;]gf, /]l8of] g]kfnsf /d]z kf}8]n tyf 6Lsf e08f/L To;}u/L xfd|f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f]if0f u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] b'uf{ sfsL{ nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ d]/f ;dsfnLg ldqx?df ;d]t d]/f] JolQmut tkm{af6 xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . xfdLnfO{ ;Nnfx / ;'emfj lbg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ lj1 tyf kqsf/x?nfO{ k'gM d]/f] ;+:yf / JolQmut tkm{af6 xflb{s wGojfb lb+b} eljiodf klg o;sf nflu lg/Gt/ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfu|x ub}{ lg/Gt/ ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5' .

wGojfb .

xfdL Ps jif{ k'u]sf] pknIodf ;a}df xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5'

lu/Lz kf]v/]n

g]kfnL kf]i6sf] tkm{af6 ul/Psf] cfdGq0fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L cfkm\gf] ax'd"No ;do lbO{ dfpG6 Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6df cfOlbg'x'g] / gcfP klg xfdLnfO{ dfof ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx?df g]kfnLkf]i6 ;d"xsf tkm{af6 d xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
Jofj;flos kqsf/x?sf] ;+:yf g]kfnL cd]l/sg kqsf/ ;+3sf] cWoIfsf] x}l;otn] klg d g]kfnL kf]i6sf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eOlbg'ePsf]df xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
ljZj ;~rf/ hutn] cfh w]/} cufl8 km8\sf] dfl/;s]sf] cj:yfdf xfdL g]kfnLx?n] klg cfw'lgs ;~rf/sf ;fwgx?nfO{ k|of]u ug{' ;f/f g]kfnLx?s} nflu uf}/jsf] s'/f ePsf] 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .
;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;ª6gdf /x]/ g]kfnsf] eGbf leGg / km/s k|:t'ltsf qmddf xfdLn] lgZkIf / ;xL ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;lsof];\ eg]/ g} o;sf] yfngL u/]sf xf}+ . o;df xfdLn] ;a}vfn] ljrf/x?nfO{ ;d]6\b} cfPsf 5f}+ / To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] hdsf]{ u/]sf 5f}+ .
of] g]kfnLkf]i6 s'g} klg ljrf/ / jfbk|lt ;dlk{t 5}g eGg] s'/f oxfFx?nfO{ k|i6 kfg{ rfxG5' .
;dosf lx;fjn] Ps jif{dfq Joltt eP klg g]kfnL kf]i686sd cfh ;+;f/e/ 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?dfem lbgk|ltlbg nf]slk|o x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . of] s'/f t xfd|f] lbgx'Fsf] b'O{ xhf/eGbf a9L g]kfnL kf]i6 x]g]{ kf7sx?sf] ;+Vofn] atfpF5 .
jfl;ª6gdf g]kfnLx?sf nflu ;~rf/sf cGo ;fwg eP klg o; k|sf/sf] k|sfzgsf] cefj v8\lsb} cfPsf] lyof] . o;} qmddf ljleGg ldqx?sf] af/Daf/sf] ;Nnfxf / ;'emfjn] ubf{ g} cfkm"n] ljut !@ jif{b]lv nuftf/ ?kdf 5fkfdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] cg'ejnfO{ OG6/g]6s} dfWodaf6 eP klg g]kfnLdf klqsf lgsfnf}+ eGg] nfu]/ of] g]kfnL kf]i6sf] z'?cft ul/Psf] xf] .
o;sf nflu d'Vo ?kn] j]j ;Dkfbg ug]{ u0f]z ltdN;]gfsf] ljz]if e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} ;Nnfxf / ;'emfj lbg'x'g] uf]ljGb lu/Lsf ;fy} k|sfzgsf nflu oxfF;Dd NofOk'/\ofpg ;Sbf] ;xof]u ub}{ cfpg'ePsf ls/0f l;6f}nf, 8f= lrqs[i0f ltjf/L, efiff ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u ug]{ ;+emgf kf]v/]n, ;dfrf/ tyf n]v/rgf k7fP/ tyf cGo tj/af6 ;xof]u ug'{x'g] ljleGg If]qsf JolQmx? ho 5fË5f, dgf]h cfrfo{, s'df/ of]Ghg, aa'n nfdf, lg/f]kg g]kfn, s[i0f kxf8L, sdnf ;?k, lg/Ghgdfgl;+x /]UdL, huGgfy kf}8]n, gu]Gb| kf}8]n, k|]d ;+u|f}nf, 8Dj? clwsf/L, 8f= cg'k kxf8L, 8f= lbks v8\sf, 8f= z}n]; e08f/L, s[i0f sF8]n, uf]ljGb lu/L k|]/0ff, ;Gtf]if yklnof, /fdhL kxf8L, /fh]Gb| jnL, d]3/fh e08f/L, /fd ;'j]bL, xl/ lzjfsf]6L, cg'k yklnof, eLd sfsL{, u+uf rf}nfufO{+, ;d/ zdf{, l6sf k'g, /fd v/]n, sljGb| l;6f}nf, k|tfk clwsf/L, /fHo>L >]i7, ;'j'k|tfk s];L, u'0f/fh n'OF6]n, lji0f' v/]n, b]jL v/]n / e/v/} dfq cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf al/i7 kqsf/ ldq hob]j uf}td hf] xfdL ljut nfdf] ;do;Dd Pp6} k|sfzgdf /x]/ sfd ul/;s]sf lyof}+ pxfFsf] pkl:yltn] klg o; klqsfnfO{ dfly n}hfg cem ;xof]u k'Ug]5 eGg] cf;f /fVb} dfly gfd pNn]v u/]sf / cGo gfd 5'6]sf eP klg pxfFx?nfO{ ;d]t g]kfnL kf]i6sf tkm{af6 wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
To:t} ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf ljleGg efuaf6 g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu ;xof]u k'/\ofpFb} cfPsf d]/f ldqx?sf ;fy} ljZjsf cGo ljleGg efudf /x]/ g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu ;xof]u ub}{ cfpg'ePsf ldqxn] klg cfufdL lbgdf g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu ;xof]u ub{{} hfg'x'g]5 eGg] xfdLn] k"0f{ ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}+ .
To;}u/L zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] h;/L ;do ;dodf g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu ljleGg ;"rgf tyf ;dfrf/ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 To;k|lt d b"tfjf; kl/jf/k|lt klg xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . / cfpg] lbgx?df klg b"tfaf;n] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kn] ;xof]u ug]{5 eGg] k"0f{ ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
cGTodf g]kfnL kf]i6sf] lgDtf] :jLsf/L kfNg'x'g] :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ;Dk"0f{ dfg'efjx?df k'gM Psk6s xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub}{ o;nfO{ cem dhj't / :tl/o agfpFb} n}hfgsf nflu cfjZos ;Nnfxf / ;'emfj k7fpFb} hfg'x'g]5 eGg] k"0f{ ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

eujtLn] ;a}df ;b\j'4L k|bfg u?g\

:jb]z tyf ljb]zsf h'g;'s} s'gfdf a;]sf g]kfnLx? ePklg dxfg rf8 bz}+ kj{ cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] tl/sfn] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] uR5]cg';f/ dgfPsf kfOG5g\ .

cfkm\gf] 3/kl/jf/hgx?nfO{ 5f8]/ jiff}{ jif{b]lv aflx/ /x]sf sltko g]kfnL bfh'efO lbbL alxgLx?n] bz}+ kj{nfO{ ljb]zd} eP klg cfkm"eGbf 7"nfaf6 6Lsf u|x0f ub}{ cflz{jfb lng] rng ljb]lzPsf g]kfnLx?n] klg sfod} /fVg ;Sg' klg xfdL g]kfnLx?sf nflu uf}/jsf] s'/f ePsf] 5 .

bz}+ kj{df vf;} u/]/ cd]l/sfsf ljleGg /fHodf 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnLx? s;/L dgfpF5g\ eGg] rf;f] g]kfn / g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ /xg' :jefljs} xf] .

cd]l/sfsf ljleGg /fHodf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] bz}+nfO{ ljz]if xif{ pNnf;sf ;fy g} jiff}{+b]lv dgfPsf kfOG5g\ . af]:6gb]lv jfl;+6gsf] l;of6n;Dd /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] bz}+sf] pknIodf Psfk;df z'esfdgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{b]lv lnP/ bz}+e/ g} h:tf] x/]s 3/ 3/df ;fFem e]nf eP/ kf6L{ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ eg] ;fd'lxs ?kdf ;d]t st} bz}+ d]nf t st} bz}+sf] ef]h ub}{ bz}+ dgfpg] rngn] g]kfnLx? cfkm\gf] ;+:s[lt / wd{nfO{ hxfF k'u] klg hf]ufpF5g\ eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 . bz}+sf] pknIodf g]kfnLx? cfdf]bk|df]bdf klg plQs} /l;s 5g\ eGg] s'/f v;L uf]7d} k'u]/ v;L lsg]/ Nofpg] rngn] yfxf x'G5 .

x/]s hflt / ;Dk|bfosf dfG5]x? /x]sf] cd]l/sfdf g]kfnLx?sf] Go"gtd pkl:ylt eP klg cfkm\gf] hfthfltsf] klxrfg /fVg g]kfnLx? klg plQs} l;kfn' ePsf] kfpFbf g]kfnLx?n] klg cfkm"nfO{ uf}/j ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . cfhef]ln cd]l/sfsf sltko sDkgLx?n] t ltdLx?sf] s'g} lbg d'Vo rf8kj{ k5{ eg] cl3 g} hfgsf/L lbgsf nflu ;d]t cg'/f]w ub}{ To:tf rf8kj{df ljbf ;d]t lbg yfn]sfn] klg cd]l/sgx?n] c? hfltsf] wd{ / ;Dk|bfosf nflu klg plQs} ljz]iftf lbg'n] klg cGo wfld{s cf:yfsf JolQmx? ;d]t cfkm\gf] :jtGqtfsf] ljz]if pkef]u ug{ kfPsf b]lvG5g\ .

g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 bz}+df cd]l/sfsf] jfl;+ª\g6 8L;Ldf /x]sf] zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] klg j/k/ 5l/P/ /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?nfO{ v'Nnf cfdGq0f ul/ jiff}{b]lv bz}+ ef]h u/fpFb} cfpgfn] klg jfl;+ª\6g 8L;Ldf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] bz}+ kj{nfO{ cem ljz]if ?kn] dgfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

o; dxfg kj{ bz}+sf] pknIodf :jb]z tyf ljb]z hxfF /xg' ePsf] eP klg / g]kfnsf ;a} vfn] /fhgLlts bnx?sf ;fy} ;Qfdf k'u]sf ;Qf aflx/ /x]/ ;Qfdf k'Ug sf]lz; u/]sf jf g]kfndf jiff}{ jif{b]lv /fhtGqsf lj?4 nl8/x]sf jf /fhf dxf/fhf ;a}nfO{ b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ eujtLn] ;b\j'4L k|bfg u?g\ . g]kfnL hgtfn] zflGtsf ;fy k|hftflGqs tj/n] cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf a:g kfpg] sfdgf ub}{ cGo h:tf] ;'s} wd{ dfGb} cfpg'ePsf] ePklg jf bz}+ rf8nfO{ alx:sf/ g} ug'{ePsf] eP klg g]kfnLkf]i6 kl/jf/ pxfFx?nfO{ klg cfcfkm\gf] ;Gt'i6L ldnf];\ eGg] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf z'esfdgf ub{5 .

ljz]if ;DkfbsLo

h] x'g' lyof] ToxL eof]

æafx| jif{ s's'/sf] k'R5/ 9'+u|fdf /fVbf klg afªu\f sf] afª\u}Æ eg] em}+ afx| jif{;Dd ;Qfdf k'u]sf g]kfnsf g]tfx?sf] a'4L afx|} jif{ e|i6 ePkl5 /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] zf;g ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf ;dfNg' s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f ePsf] 5}g .

g]kfndf cS6f]af/ $ z'qmaf/ /flt /fhf 1fg]Gb|af6 /fHo ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnPkl5 g]kfnsf ax'bnafbL g]tf / g]tfnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] kf7 k9fpg] cGo ;a}n] cem} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt kf7 k9\g' kg]{ afWotf cfPsf] 5 .

;+ljwfgdf eP gePsf ;a} k|fjwfgx? lgsfNb} ;+ljwfgdf of] klg ug{ ldN5 / p klg ug{ ldN5 eGb} xfn avf{:tdf k/]sf k|wfgdGqL jf cGo cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf /fhgLlt bn atfpg] /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx? ;a} ax; ul//x]sf a]nf /fhfaf6 36fOPsf] of] /fhgLlts 36gfaf6 s;}n] klg cfZro{ rlst x'g gx'g] b]lvG5 . cflv/ k|wfgdGqL / cGo /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] ;+;b lj36g ug{ x'g] klg b]v], ToxL ;+;b k'gM k'g:yfkgf x'g] klg b]v], cgL lgjf{rg u/fpg] klg b]v], lgjf{rg k6s k6s ug{ ;lsg] klg b]v], lgjf{rg ;fg{ ldNg] klg b]v]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ g} cfwf/ agfP/ /fhfaf6 klg zf;g ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf kfg'{ s'g} cgf}7f] eg] xf]Og .

@)$^ sf] hg cfGbf]ngkl5 xfdLn] s:tf] ;+ljwfg agfPsf /x]5f}++ ;+ljwfgnfO{ h;n] h;/L cy{ nufpg klg ldNg] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f adf]lhd g} o;f] klg ug{ ldNg] p;f] ug{ klg ldNg] cgL /fhfn] klg ToxL ;+ljwfg s} wf/f adf]lhd ljgf lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ 9fNg lsg] gldNg] <

of] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf cflv/ s:n] u/] < ltg}n] u/] h;n] @)$^ ;fndf k|hftGqsf nflu n8\g] zxLbx?sf] /utnfO{ /utsf ?kdf x}g Xo':sL / a|f08L agfP/ b/jf/df uP/ lkP cgL ;Qfdf k'u]sf] /ftf/ft s/f}+8f}+sf] ;DklQ sdfP cgL hgtfnfO{ k6s k6s anLsf] af]sf agfP .

t/ cem}+ klg ;Qfsf] es'08f] /fhfn] /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ lbPem}+ ul/lbO/x]sf 5g\ . of] rfnaf6 ca ;k{ klg d5{ cgL nf}/f] klg efFlrb}g . cflv/ e/] es'08f] /fhfn] cfkm\g} sf]6{lt/ km\ofFs]kl5 /fhgLlts bnx? x]/]sf] x]/} x'G5g\ / /fhgLlts n8fOFsf] csf]{ kf6f] afFsL /xg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

clxn]sf] cj:yf o:tf] 5 s'g} klg /fhgLlts bnx? ;8sdf pqg ;Sb}gg\ lsgsL /fhfaf6 ltg} /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ g} ;/sf/df hfg] JolQmx? 5fGg] lhDdf lbPsfn] ubf{ ;Qfsf] cl3kl5 s'lb/xg] /fhgLlts t+} r'k d} r'k nfu]/ a:g' l;jfo s;}n] klg tTsfn} cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj lng] b]lvb}gg\ .

dfcf]jfbLx?

g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;/sf/df /x]sf a]nf lul/hf km\ofFSg]b]lv lnP/ z]/jxfb'/nfO{ z]/ agfpg] sf+u|]; km'6fpg] sfd klg cflv/ dfcf]jfbLs} sf/0f hlGdPsf] xf] eg] of] clxn]sf] v]n klg dfcf]jfbLs} sf/0fn] cfPsf] s'/fdf s;}sf] b'Odt 5}g .

of] /fhgLlt v]n ca dfcf]jfbLx?sf] cGo s'g} /fhgLlt bnx?;Fu geP/ l;w} /fhf;Fusf] v]n z'? ePsf] 5 .

To;}n] ca /fhfn] ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnP klg v]n eg] Tolt hl;n} 6'ª\Uofpg ;Sg] cj:yf /fhfaf6 klg b]lvb}g .

;+ejtM z'qmaf/sf] /fhfsf] 3f]if0ff kl5 b]z ljb]zdf w]/}n] alQ afn] xf]nfg\ t/ Tof] alQ afn]/ x'g] s]xL 5}g .

dfcf]jfbLx?sf] o;k|ltsf] k|ltlqmof s] 5 / pgLx?sf] /0fgLlt g} /fhfnfO{ zlQm xftdf Nofpg] bfp xf] jf pgLx?n] klg alQ afn] eg] cnu s'/f xf] gq o:t} xf] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ h;n] h] klg ug{ kfpF5g\ eg] l9nf] rfF8f] k'gM k|r08n] klg ToxL ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f nufpFb} ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lng] 5}gg\ eGg eg] g;lsg] cj:yf g]kfndf cfPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf ljut !@ jif{cl3 cfPsf] k|hftGqn] /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] cGTob]lv lnP/ cfkm"nfO{ hgtfdfem lgSs} 7"nf 7"nf /fhgLlts bn xf}+ eGg] ;Ddsf /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;fv klg tTsfnnfO{ cGTo ePsf] 5 / cfhsf] rf/lbg kl5 ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] gofF ?k g]kfndf hlGdg] ePsf] 5 .

x] g]kfnsf zf;sx? xf]
kqsf/x?nfO{ :jtGqtfk"j{s afFRg / n]Vg b]pm

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] lj/f]w sfo{qmd cg';f/ ;DkfbsLo P]Soj4tf hgfpFb} xfdL cd]l/sfdf a:g] kqsf/x?sf] klqsf g]kfnLkf]i6 86sdn] klg of] gf/fnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;DkfbsLodf /fv]]sf] xf] .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] gf6s d~rg

xfn;fn}sf lbgx?df g]kfndf g]kfnL sf+u|];leqsf] /fhgLlt j[Qlrqdf Pp6f gf6s d~rg ul/Pof] .

gf6ssf kfqx?df g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;/sf/L kIf / lul/hfkIf eg]/ lrlgPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/L kIfn] sf+u|]; eg]sf] xfdL xf}+ eg]/ sf+u|];sf s]xL JolQmx? e]nf eP/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf jt{dfg ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;efklt kbaf6 jvf{:t u/]/ k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf gof+ ;efkltdf lgjf{rg eO;s]sf] 3f]if0ff ;/sf/L kIfn] ul/;s]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|];leqsf] emu8fn] r/df]Ts;{ lnPkl5 sf]O/fnfsf] PsklIfo sf/jfxLaf6 vKg g;sL b]pjf kIfn] To;sf] l/; d]6\gsf nflu s]xL sfo{stf{ e]nf u/]/ ;efklt g} cfkm" ag]sf] h'g gf6s d~rg u/] o;n] s] b]vfp+5 eg] /fhgLltdf h;n] h] ubf{ klg x'g] /x]5 . /fhgLltdf s'g} gLlt lgod rflxg] /x]g5 . ljutdf sof}+ jif{;Dd dxflwj]zg x'g g;s]/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;+:yfks s[i0fk|;fb e6\6/fO{ sfo{jfxs ;efklt ag]/ a;]sf lyP t/ cfh ;efklt x'g s'g} uf/f] /x]g5 Ps;ftfleq} e]nf af]nfP/ e]nfdf pkl:ylt s]xL sfo{stfx?sf] le8nfO{ dxflwj]zgsf ?kdf lbP/ h;/L cfh b]pjf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;efklt eP ca ef]ln cfP/ csf]{ s'g} klg sfo{stf{n] klg To;/L g} s]xL sfo{stf{ af]nfP/ cfhb]lv d ;efklt eP+ eGbf g]kfnL sf+u|];df s]xL km/s gkg]{ /x]5 .

To;f] t xfdLn] OG6/g]6 nufot st} x]g{ / ;'Gg kfO/xs} 5f}+ . hgu0ftGq g]kfn eGg] s'/f, To:t} ca rf8}+ g} g]kfnsf] ?s'd /f]Nkfsf] s'g} ufp+af6 dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfn] cfkm" g]kfn u0ftGqsf] /fi6|klt k'iksdn bfxfn pkm{ k|r08 eGg] 3f]if0ff u/] eg] xfdLn] gf}nf] dfGg'kg]{ x'Fb}g lsgsL pgLx?sf] 5fkfdf/ ;]gf / sfo{stf{ t z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf eGbf a9L b]lvG5g\ To;}n] ca rf8}+ g} g]kfndf /fi6|kltsf] cflwsfl/s 3f]if0ff klg x'g]5 eGg] s'/f jt{dfg sf+u|];leqsf] 3/fo;L gf6sn] k'i6L u/]sf] 5 .

To;f] t dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg cfkm\gf] s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf lyP . h;/L pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ 3f]if0ff u/] ;fob\ xfd|f g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;/sf/L ;efklt z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfn] klg ToxL l;sf] l;s]/ xf]nf cfkm}+ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;efklt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ul/lbP .

;Qfsf] nflu hlxNo} c?sf] v'6\6f] tfGg] afgL k/]sf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] z]/axfb'/ b]pjf ;Qfdf k'Ubf gk'Ub} k'gM pgnfO{ ;QfRo"t u/fP/ k|wfgdGqL aGg] ;kgf af]ls/x]sf sf]O/fnf jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] h;/L cfkm" cfkm\gf] ;Qf hf]ufpgsf nflu dWofjlw r'gfjL 3f]if0ff u/] To;af6 ltlNdnfPsf sf]O/fnfn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ kf6L{n] sf/jfxL u/]kl5 k'gM k|wfgdGqL klg ltlNdnfPkl5 cfh g]kfnL sf+u|]; rf]O6fOPsf] gf6s /lrPsf] 5 o; gf6ssf] kmfObf t lj/f]wLx?nfO{ g} x'g k'u]sf] s'/f k|lt g]kfnL sf+u|]; lrlGtt 5}g eg] cfp+bf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf v08df of] gf6ssf] c;/af6 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] l:ylt kQf ;fkm eP/ hfg] b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 .

ptf k|wfgdGqLn] dWofjlwsf] 3f]if0ff u/]s} s]xL ;do klg gljQ} k|ltkIfL g]tfx? eg] lj/fnn] d';f] slxn] Kjfnaf6 aflx/ cfpnf / ;dfp+nf eg] h:t} k|ltkIfLx?nfO{ dWofjlwsf] 3f]if0ff To:t} ePsf] b]lvof] . pgLx? ;fob\ ca sf+u|]; km'6]sf]df 7"nf 7"nf v;L sf6]/ ef]h ub}{ xf]nfg\ . h;/L klxn] Pdfn] / dfn] km'6\bf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sltko g]tfx? ef]h et]/ n8fP cfh cfP/ Pdfn]x?n] klg To; lsl;dsf] ef]h et]/ cjZo n8fP xf]nfg\ .

k"j{ ;efd'v tyf al/i7 sfg"g Joj;foL bdggfy 9'+ufgfn] eg] em} æ/fhgLltdf klg gLlt x'G5 lgod x'G5, gLlt lgod ljgfsf] /fhgLlt eg]sf] eL8dfq x}g . To;}n] /fhgLlt ug]{x?n] cfkm\gf gLlt lgodnfO{ kfng u/]g / o;/L hyfefjL u/\of] eg] Tof] /fhgLlt /fhgLlt x'+b}g Tof] eL8 dfq x'g hfG5Æ eg]h:t} g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] of] xfn b]lvPsf] km'6sf] gf6s klg To:t} gLlt lgod lj?4 sf/jfxLdf k/]sfx?n] cfTdf;Gt'i6Lsf nflu ul/Psf] Pp6f gf6sdfq xf] eGbf km/s kb}{g .
of] clxn] b]lvPsf] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] gf6s s]xL lbgkl5 ;+:yfut tkm{sf kfqx?n] pgLx?n] rfx]h:t} / eg]h:t} dfu ;/sf/L kIfnfO{ k"/f u/fOlbg] arg lbP/ pgLx? k'gM r'gfjdf Ps eP/ hfg] eP eGg] ;dfrf/ k9\g klg s'g} cfOtjf/ kv{g'kb}{g .

o:tf gf6ssf] d~rg t g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt If]qdf af/Daf/ x'+b} cfpsf] 5 . To;}n] xfdL ;j{;fdfGo hgtfx?n] sf+u|]; km'6] Pdfn] h'6] dfcf]jfbLn] n'6] eGg] s'/fx? ;w}+ ;'lg/x]s} 5f} .

hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ ;'wfg{] s'g} /fhgLlts bnn] sfd unf{g\ / hgtfsf ;d:of ;dfwfg xf]nfg\ eGg] s;}n] cf;f gu/] x'g] eO;s]sf] cj:yf cfhsf] g]kfnsf] 5 . To;}n] oL ;a}sf] ljsNk ca g]kfnL hgtfn] vf]Hg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 / gfdsf ?kdf ePsf] g]kfnsf] k|hftGq dfl;of] eg] klg hgtf ca aflx/ ;8sdf cfpg] 5}gg\ of] s'/fnfO{ klg ;dod} /fhgLlt ug]{x?n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ a]nfePsf] 5 .

jftf{ jftf{ jftf{

;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lx+;f / cft+s x}g . hxf+ ;d:of x'G5 Toxf+ ;dfwfgsf pkfox? cjZo lg:sG5 . g]kfnLx? clxn] u[xo'4sf] rk]6fdf lklN;Psf 5g\ . dg]{sf] ;+Vof lbgx'F a9\bf] 5 . ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbL df/] eg]/ b+u x'+b} ;}lgs sf/jfxLdf olt d/] / plt d/] eg]/ ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f u/fp+5 ptf dfcf]jfbLx? klg xfdLn] olt hgf sf+u|]; olt hgf k|x/L / ;}lgs df/\of}+ eg]/ b+u 5 cflv/ dg]{ klg g]kfnLsf] 5f]/f] dfg]{ klg g]kfnLsf] 5f]/f] o;sf] kmfObf eg] ca lj:tf/} ljb]zLsf] xftdf kg]{ eO;s]sf] 5 . 3/fo;L emu8fdf aflx/sf] dfG5] cfP/ Pp6fnfO{ prfNg] / csf]{nfO{ k5fg]{ sfddf ;fy lbof] eg] Tof] aflx/sf] dfG5]n] cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"/f u/fp+5 . To:t} clxn]sf] g]kfnleqsf] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr ePsf] emu8faf6 klg s'g s'g aflx/L zlQmn] g]kfnnfO{ cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf] 3]/fleq kfl/;s]sf 5g\ / pgLx? cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"/f ug{tkm{ nfUb}5g\ eGbf km/s kb}{g .

xfd|f g]tfx?df /fli6|o ;d:ofsf] ljifodf ;a} Ps eP/ sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] dfgl;stf slxNo} cfPg . k|ltkIf bndf /x]sf dfq x}g ljkIfL bndf /x]sfx? ;a} s;/L ;Qfsf] v'8\lsnf] 6]Sg ;lsG5 eGg] lrGtgd} oltsf jif{ ljlt;Sof] . hgtfn] ef]Ug'k/]sf] ;d:of eg]sf] xfd|f] cfkm\gf] ;d:of xf] eGg] efjgf s;}df g/x]kl5 b]zsf] l:ylt lbgfg'lbg lu/]/ uPsf] 5 . ca oxf+eGbf lug]{ 7fp+ g} kf] s] /x]sf] 5 / < xfdLdf slxNo} klg o;f] u/] o;f] kf] x'G5 ls eGg] cg'dfg ;d]t nufpg] km";{b ePg . ha ljlt;S5 cgL xfdLdf P eg]/ k5'tfpg] afgLn] ubf{ g} g]kfnLx?n] k6s k6s b'Mv a]xf]b}{ cfpg'k/]sf] 5 .

/fHo;Qf sAhf ug]{ gfddf dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 / ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 dRrfOPsf] cft+snfO{ t'?Gt /f]s]/ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox? lemsL /fi6| hf]ufpg] bjfj dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/nfO{ lbgsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;r]t ju{ nfUg'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . /fi6| g/x] /fli6|otf /x+b}g To;}n] klxnf] s'/f xfdLn] xfd|f] /fi6| hf]ufpg]lt/ nfuf}+ . b'j} lt/af6 eO/x]sf] lx+;f xTofsf] af6f] 5f8]/ zflGt jftf{ u/f}+ . b'j}tkm{ af6 eO/x]sf] of] x7nfO{ tf]8fP/ b]z jjf{b x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] lhDjf k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/sf] dfq x}g / Tof] lhDj]jf/L eg]sf] k|r08sf] klg xf] / lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] g ls b]z hf]ufpg] lhDjf dfwj g]kfn / cGo jfdkGyL bnx?sf] dfq xf] .
;a} /fhgLlts bnx? cfkm\gf cfkm\gf :jfy{ k"/f ug]{tkm{dfq nfu]sf] b]lvb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ o:tf] z+s6sf] 38Ldf g]kfnsf cfkm"nfO{ zlQmzfnL /fhgLlts bn egfpg]x? ;a} ldn]/ of] ;d:ofnfO{ jftf{4f/f ;dfwfg ug]{tkm{ nfUg xfd|f] cfu|x 5 . s]xL k|ltzt JolQx?n] dfu]sf s'/fx? xfdLn] k"/f ug'{k5{ eGg] 5}g eGg] x7nfO{ 5f8]/ ;/sf/n] klg cfkm\gf] d'8]an gb]vfO hgtfsf nflu hgtfsf] zf;g xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ a'em]/ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . b]zdf efO efO df/]/ slxNo} klg s;}sf] ljho x'+b}g of] ;d:of jiff}{ jif{;Dd klg 6'+lub}g To;}n] ca To;} klg l9nf] eO;s]sf] 5 ;d:of ;dfwfg u/fpg]tkm{ gnfUg] xf] eg] xfdL cfkm" cfkm"df sf6fsf6 u/]/ xfdLn] g]kfnLs} a+z gf; ug]{ 5f}+ / cGTodf xfd|f] :jtGq /fHo egL ;lbof}+ b]lv xfdLn] eGb} cfPsf] /fi6| klg s;}sf] clwgdf x'g hfg]5 of] ljifonfO{ ;dod} Vofn u/f}+ . ca klg xfdLn] o; s'/fk|lt rgfvf] gx'g] xf] eg] ;fgf] ;'Gb/ /fi6| eg]/ ;+;f/ e/ lxh]f;Dd lrlgPsf] g]kfn sf6df/ / o'4sf nflu ;+;f/e/ ca lrlgg] 5 . jiff}{+ jif{;Dd z+s6sfn nfu" u/]/ s;}n] hgtfdfly zf;g u5{ eg] Tof] zf;gsf lj?4 csf]{ o'4 lglDtg] 5 To;}n] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;+s6sfn x}g zflGt / jftf{sf] jftfj/0f agfP/ efOefO dfg{af6 ca xfdL ;a}n] cfjfh lgsfNg] a]nf ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ;a}sf] Pp6} af]nL 5 jftf{ jftf{ jftf{ ..

g]kfnnfO{ /0fe"dLaf6 hf]ufpg xfd|f] cfu|x

cd]l/sf cWoogsf] lznlznfb]lv lnP/ sfdsf] vf]hLdf xf];\ jf h'g;'s} lsl;dn] eP klg xfdL cfkm\gf] d'n'seGbf w]/} 6f8f cfOk'u]sf 5f}+ . s]xL lbgsf nflu hGde"dL 5f8\g' xfd|f] /x/ eP klg nfdf] ;dosf nflu hGde"ld 5f8\g' xfd|f cfkm\g} jfWotfx? 5g\ .
h'g;'s} jfWotfn] b]z 5f8\g'k/]sf] eP klg cfh xfdL k/b]zL ePsf 5f}+ . b]zdf 5pFGh]n k/b]lzg kfP t s] s] g x'GYof] eGg] rfxgf x'G5 eg] k/b]lzPkl5sf kL8f xfdLn] g]kfnsf] OG6/g]zgn Po/kf]6{sf cfkm\g} cWofudgsf sd{rf/Lx?b]lv lnP/ k|x/L;Ddsf] kL8f vKb} vKb} ljb]zsf sof}+ Po/kf]6{df cgL g]kfnL x'g'sf] kL8f v]k]sf xfd|f cfkm\g} sxfgLx? 5g\ . nfu" cf}ifwsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ s]xL g]kfnLx?sf] jbgfdLn] ubf{ w]/} cGo k/b]z lx8]sf g]kfnLx? To;sf] df/df kg]{ u/]sf] kL8f csf]{ 5 .
o;/L Pskl5 csf]{ kL8f vKb} cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf g]kfnLx? s;/L :yflkt ePsf 5g\ eGg] ;a}sf cfkm\gf cfkm\gf /fdsxfgL 5g\ .
rfx] tL; jif{ cl3 cfOk'u]sf g]kfnL g} lsg gx'g\ pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\g} b]zsf] dfof ddtf a9L 5 . cfkm"df g]kfnLkg hf]ufpg kfP x'GYof] eGg] 7"nf] wf]sf] 5 . t/ pgLx? jfWo x'G5g\ cfkm\gf cd]l/sfdf hlGdPsf ;Gtfgx?nfO{ g]kfnLkgdf 9fNg ;Sb}gg\ ToxL klg cfkm" k"0f{ ?kdf cd]l/sg gful/s eP klg pgLx?df g]kfnLkg clnslt klg d/]sf] 5}g . ;s];Dd cfkm\gf aRrfx?nfO{ klg g]kfnLkg l;sfpgdf k"/fgf g]kfnLx? klg Jo:t 5g\ . g]kfnLkgdf pgLx?sf] nufd 5 g]kfnsf] u'Gb|'s / l;GsLdfq x}g sf7df8f}+sf] lttf}/f / u'tkfssf] sf]z]nL g]kfnaf6 cfpg];Fu dufpF5g\ / g]kfnL rf8kj{ To;}u/L eJo;Fu dgfpg kfpFbf pgLx? xif{n] ubub x'G5g\ . rfx] tLh kj{ xf];\ rfx] dxflzj/flq rfx] bz}+ x'g\ rfx] ltxf/ ;a} rf9 kj{ dgfpFg kfpFbf g]kfnLx? cfkm"nfO{ cd]l/sfdf 5' eGg] efjgf klg ljl;{g yfN5g\ .
g]kfnaf6 s'g} /fhgLlts g]tf jf cGo s'g} sfd ljz]ifn] cd]l/sfsf] e|d0fdf cfPsf g]kfnLx?;Fu e]63f6 ug]{ clg g]kfnsf] af/]df s'/fsfgL ug]{ rng w]/} klxn]b]lv g} cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] /x]sf] 5 . rfx] sDo'lg:6sf g]tf cfpg\ jf sf+u|];sf g]tf cfpg\ rfx] ;flxTosdL{ pgLx? s;}k|lt tF sf+u|]; / tF sDo'lg:6 eGb}gg\ t/ cfpg] g]tfx? cfkm}+n] oxfF a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ sDo'lg:6 sf+u|];sf] ku/L u'y]sf] kfP/ cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx? To:tf g]tfx?nfO{ lwSsf/5g\ cgL pgLx?sf] cfkm\gf] cf]xf]bf / /fhgLlts ul/jLsf] x}l;ot ;lhn};Fu cf+sng u5{g\ .
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx? h'g;'s} bn jf /fhgLlts ljrf/ wf/fsf] JolQm cfP klg ;a}sf s'/f plQs} ;'G5g\ cgL g]tfx?n] b]z ljuf/]sf]df cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] ;Eo z}nLdf g]tfx?nfO{ ufnL klg u5{g\ . cfhef]ln lbgx'F 3/L dfcf]jfbLn] olt df/] eGg] ;dfrf/ cgL ;]gf / k|x/Ln] olt df/] eGg] ;dfrf/ k9]/ cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx? leqleq} d'/d'l//x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] oxfFaf6 s] ubf{ r}+ dfG5] db}{gg\ lyP t eGg] k|Zg Psfk;df u5{g\ cgL ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'j}tkm{nfO{ eG5g\ dfG5] df/]/ g qmflGt ;kmn x'G5 g qmflGt g} /f]lsG5 . k/b]zLx?sf] Pp6} egfO 5 b'j} kIfn] cfkm\gf xltof/ lj;fP/ jftf{sf] 6]jndf a;]/ jt{dfg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{k5{ .
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg b'j}kIfaf6 aGb'saf6 x}g aftf{af6 ul/g'k5{ eGg] s'/f a'em\g ;Sg'k5{ tj dfq xfdL dfG5] ePsf]df uj{ ug{ ;S5f}+ x}g eg] xfdL lx+;|s hGt' ljz]ifdf kg{ hfFG5f}+ . xfd|f] g]kfn / g]kfnLTj hf]ufpg g]kfnd} ;s]gf} eg] xfdL cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ g]kfnL xF' eg]/ uf}/j ug]{ 7fpF klg kfpFb}gf}+ To;}n] xfd|f] cfkm\gf] hGde"lds} ;+/If0f ePg eg] xfdLn] sd{e"dLdf g]kfnLTj hf]ufpg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'Fb}g eGb} cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx? g]kfnnfO{ /0fe"dLaf6 hf]ufpg g]kfnsf a'l4hLjL tyf /fhgLltsdL{x?;Fu cfu|x u5{g\ .

xfd|f] k|of;

cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;+6g 8L;L j/k/ 5l/P/ a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof lbglbg} j9\b} uPsf] 5 . cflwsfl/s tYof+s olt g} 5 eGg g;s] klg g]kfnLx?sf] sfo{qmdx?df b]lvg] a]Unf a]Un} cg'xf/x?nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ cf+sn ug]{ xf] eg] em08} kfFr xhf/eGbf a9Lsf] ;+Vofdf g]kfnLx? o; jfl;+6g, d]l/Nof08 tyf elh{lgof If]qdf dfq /x]sf 5g\ .

pQ/ cd]l/sf el/df g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof em08} krf; xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf gxf]nfg\ eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . o;/L lbg lbg} ljb]lzb} uPsf g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]kfnsf af/]df / g]kfndf /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf af/]df ljljw hfgsf/L u/fpFb} g]kfnL df6f] / g]kfnnfO{ lj;{g glbgsf nflu xfdL jfl;+6gdf a:g] s]xL o'jfx?sf] k|of;df OG6/g]6df g]kfnL efiffaf6 k9\g ;lsg] klqsfsf] yfngL u/]sf 5f}+ . of] xfd|f] k|of; xf] . xfd|f] k|of;nfO{ ;kmn kfg]{ lhDdf xfd|f lk|o kf7sx?s} xftdf 5 .

cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgLdf a:g] g]kfnLx? / ljZjsf cGo s'gfdf a:g] g]kfnLx? aLr Psfk;df ;Dks{ a9fpg] / cfkm\gf h'g;'s} vfnsf ljrf/x? kf]Vg kfpg] ynf]sf ?kdf ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfgsf nflu of] ynf]sf] z'?cft xfdLn] ug{ nfu]sf xf}+ .

o; ynf]df tkfO{F kf7sx?sf ljrf/nfO{ xfdL lg/Gt/ ?kn] ;d]6\b} n}hfg] 5f}+ . xfd|f] p2]Zo eg]sf] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ OG6/g]6sf dfWodaf6 ;a} g]kfnLx? dfem ;a} k|sf/sf ljrf/x?nfO{ kl:sg' xf] . xfdL k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/df ljZjf; /fVg] ePsfn] n]Vg] sndx?sf lgj efFlrg' x'Fb}g / af]Ng]x?sf d'v y'lgg' x'Fb}g eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] .

cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;+6g 8L;Laf6 ljut s]xL jif{cl3b]lv ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehg / ut jif{b]lv /]l8of] bf]efgn] lg/Gt/ ?kdf g]kfnL df6f]nfO{ lrgfpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} ;~rf/sf dfWodx? 5Fbf 5Fb} klg /fhwfgLdf cfh cfP/ g]kfnLx?sf nflu lk|G6 ldl8ofsf] vfFrf] kl//x]sf] b]v]/ klg of] OG6/g]6sf dfWodaf6} eP klg lk|G6 ldl8ofsf] vfFrf]nfO{ k"/f u/fpgsf nflu o;sf] yfngL u/]sf 5f}+ . cf;f 5 oxfFx?sf] dfof xfdL ;b}j kfpFb} hfg] 5f}+ .

xfd|f] wf/0ff ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLk|lt

xfd|f] dft[e"dLdf ljut b'O{ dlxgfb]lv ;/sf/n] ;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(() sf] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 :yflkt ePsf] k|hftGq ca /xnf ls g/xnf eGg] z+sfsf] 3]/fdf g]kfnL a'l4hLjLx? k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . n]Vg]x?sf snd vf]l;g yfn]sf 5g\ . af]Ng]x?sf] d'v y'Gg yflnPsf] 5 cgL x]g]{x?sf] cfFvfdf kl6\6 aflwg yfn]sf] cef; x'g yfn]sf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLx?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ bjfpgsf nflu z'? ul/Psf] of] ;+s6sfne/df sltsf] ;+Vofdf s:tf s:tf JolQmx?sf] s'g tkm{af6 sltsf] Hofg uO;Sof] eGg] ljifodf ;d]t g]kfnL 5fkfx?n] cgle1tf bzf{pg' kl//x]sf] 5 .

o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdL ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] b]zsf] k|hftGqdfly k/]sf] ah|kftnfO{ hf]ufpg d2t ug'{ xfdL ;a}sf] plQs} st{Jo x'g cfpF5 . xfdLn] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'j}tkm{nfO{ eGg'kg]{ x'G5 dfG5] df/]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}g . rfx] dfcf]jfbLn] k|x/L, ;]gf jf Ot/ ljrf/sf JolQmnfO{ df?g\ rfx] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL df?g\ of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x}g eGg] s'/f b'j}tkm{sfn] a'em\g'k5{ . ;/sf/n] cft+ssf/L df/]sf 5f}+ eg]/ b+u kg'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5}g ptf dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg ;/sf/sf zfxL ;]gf / k|x/L xfdLn] df/\of}+ eg]/ /dfpg' kb}{g cflv/ dg]{ JolQm pxL Pp6} cfdfsf] 5f]/f] xf], To;}n] of] dg]{ / dfg]{ /0fgLltnfO{ b'j} kIfn] 5f8]/ jftf{sf] 6]jndf cfpg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf 5 .

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