s'/fsfgL

æ;a} s';+:sf/ / k/Dk/fnfO{ TofUg l9nf] ug{ x'GgÆ

nIdL e§/fO{
gf/L sNof0f Psn dlxnf k}/jL d~r u}+8fsf]6, clk|n !%, @))%

-@)^! ;fnsf] kmfu'g dlxgf g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf nflu cToGt dxTjk"0f{ dlxgf aGg k'Uof] . ;dfhdf ljwjf dlxnfx?k|lt ul/g] /+ue]bL k/Dk/f lj?4 ;+ul7t eP/ cleofg g} ;+rfng u/] dlxnfx?n] . >Ldfg\sf] d[To'kZrft dlxnfx?n] /ftf] /ª nufpg} x'Fb}g eGg] nfdf] ;fdflhs k/Dk/flj?4 yflnPsf] cleofgn] rf/}lt/af6 :ofaf;L kfof] . gjnk/f;Lsf] u}+8fsf]6af6 z'? ul/Psf] cleofg xhf/f}+ ljwjf dlxnfx?nfO{ /ftf] cla/ / km"ndfnf klx/fpFb} bfª cfOk'u]sf] lyof] . cleofgsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ bfª cfOk'Ug'ePsL gf/L sNof0f Psn dlxnf k}/jL d~r u}+8fsf]6-$ gjnk/f;LsL cWoIf nIdL e§/fO{;Fu nIdL cfrfo{n] g]kfnLkf]i6sf nflu u/]sf] s'/fsfgL ._

| tkfO{+x?n] z'? ug'{ePsf] cleofgn] /fli6"o cGt/f{li6"o:t/df lgs} rrf{ kfof]. s:tf] nflu/x]5 <
Ü lgs} /fd|f] nflu/x]5 . o;n] xfdLnfO{ yk pT;fx k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o;n] e]befjhGo k/Dk/fx? tf]8]/ kl/jt{gsf sbdx? p7fpFbf ;dfhdf nfG5gf dfq} xf]Og Tof] eGbf s}of}+ u'0ff a9L ;Ddfg / ;dy{g kfOg] /x]5 eGg] ultnf] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .

| tkfO{+df slxn] / s;/L of] ;f]+r cfof] t <
Ü d df kfFr jif{ cufl8b]lv of] ;f]+r cfPsf] xf] . z'?df b'O{hgf ;fyLjLr of] s'/f u/]+ . ;fyLx?n] ltdLdf To:tf] O{R5f 5 eg] clncln /ftf] n'uf nufO{ x]/ g t eg] . t/ ddf lxDdt cfPg . PSnf] dfG5] s;}n] klg s'/f ;'lglbPg eg] cK7]/f] knf{ eGg] 8/ lyof] . t/ dleq d dfq} xf]Og d h:tf ;a} lbbLalxgLx?sf] vflt/ ;dfh g} kl/jt{g ug'{k5{ eGg] c7f]6n]] hGd lnO;s]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 xfdL ldn]/ Psn dlxnf lbbLjlxgLx?;Fu 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd u¥of}+ . w]/}sf efjgfx? ldn] . kmfu'g * ut]sf] cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf ;sf/fTds s'/f cfPkl5 To;sf] !% lbgkl5 Psn dlxnf clegGbg sfo{qmd u¥of}+ . xfdLn] kfPsf] ;dy{gsf cufl8 xfd|f sbd lj?4sf] cfjfh l6Sg ;s]g . u}+8fsf]6kl5 lrtjg g]kfnu~h x'Fb} tkfO{+x?sf ;fd' bfª cfOk'u]sf 5f}+ .

| clnslt cfˆgf] af/]df atfOlbg';\ g <
Ü dlxnfx?nfO{ >Ldfg\ ljTg]lalQs} ;dfhdf h'g Jojxf/ ul/G5 To;n] pgLx?df s:tf] k|efj kf5{ Tof] t zfob elg/xg gknf{ . >Ldfg\ u'd]kl5 sdhf]/ ePsf] dgdfly ;dfhsf] /+ue]bL k/Dk/fn] t dlxnfx?nfO{ lgs} sdhf]/ agfpg] /x]5 . !( jif{s} pd]/df ljwjf ePsLn] x/]s ljwjf dlxnfx?n] ef]Ug'kg]{ lgoltn] dnfO{ klg sxfF 5f8\Yof] / < cw{r]t cj:yfd} tL ;a} k/Dk/fx? lgefPF . clxn] t >Ldfg\ lat]sf] klg P3f/ jif{ eO;Sof] .

| clg clwsf/sf] af/]df slxn]b]lv ;r]t x'g'eof] t <
Ü hLjg lhpg] qmddf ;dfhdf 3'nldn x'Fb} hfFbf aNn clwsf/ s] xf] eGg] s'/f dx;'; eof] . ;dfhdf ljwjf dlxnfnfO{ ul/g] Jojxf/, z'esfo{df ul/g] ckdfg cflb b]Vbf / ef]Ubf 56\k6L x'GYof] . log} Jojxf/n] g} dnfO{ otflt/ cfpg k|]l/t ul//x] .

| tkfO{+x? /ªs} nflu oqf] ;+3if{ ul//xg' efÚ5 . /ª g} olt dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] / <
Ü c?sf] nflu gxf]nf . t/ cfˆgf] nflu t ToxL s'/f 7"nf] eOlbof] . of] /ªn] cfTdljZjf; a9fOlbG5 . ;dfhn] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f jbNg w]/} d2t k'¥ofpF5 h:tf] nfU5 . kl/jt{gsf] klxnf] v'8\lsnf] g} of] /ªe]bL k/Dk/fsf] cGTo ug'{ xf] h:tf] nfU5 .

| lhNnfdf Psn dlxnfx? ;+ul7t x'g'efÚ5 <
Ü clxn] t xfdL e/v/ z'?jftdf 5f}+ . ub}{hfFbf l;lsg] /x]5 . ca Psn dlxnfx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ ;f]+r agfPsf 5f}+ . o;} l;nl;nfdf s;/L cl3 a9\g] eGg] ljifod} s]lGb|t eP/ xfdL of] cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0fdf lg:s]sf xf}++ .

| k|;+u abnf}+- cem} klg dlxnfx? x/]s If]qdf k5fl8 5g\ . o;f] x'g'df s] sf/0f xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 <
Ü xfd|+f] ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / lgod sfg"g g} To:t} 5g\ . ;fg}b]lv 5f]/f5f]/Lk|lt ul/g] Jojxf/ g} c;dfg 5g\ . 5f]/LnfO{ csf{sf] gf;f]sf] ?kdf x'sf{OG5 eg] 5f]/fnfO{ 3/kl/jf/ / s'ns} la+8f] yfDg] vDafsf] ?kdf . vfg]nfpg]b]lv k9\g]n]Vg] ;a} cj;/df 5f]/LnfO{ bf];|f] gDa/d} /flvG5 . Pp6} kl/jf/df hlGdPsf ;Gtfgsf] pxL kl/jf/df ;dfg clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ clwsf/sf s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] k}t[s ;DkQLdf 5f]/Lsf] clwsf/ g} 5}g eg] klg x'G5 . oL ;a} c;dfg Jojxf/sf jfjh"b dlxnfx? cl3 a9\g rfx] eg] klg ;dfhsf] 8/ b]vfP/ pgLx?nfO{ ql;t agfOG5 . dlxnfx? kl5 kg'{df o:t} c;dfg Jojxf/ lhDd]jf/ 5g\ h:tf] nfU5 .

| oL c;dfgtfx? x6fpg s] ug'{knf{ <
Ü klxnf] ;dy{g t kl/jf/s} rflxG5 . olb kl/jf/leqaf6 la/f]w geP/ ;fy kfpg] xf] eg] dlxnfx? w]/} cufl8 cfpg ;S5g\ . kl/jf/n] la/f]w u/] ;dfhn] s;/L :jLsfnf{ < ;a}n] of] s'/f a'em\g' h?/L 5 kl/jf/ kl/jf/ ldn]/ g} ;dfh aGg] xf] .
| xfdL b]V5f}+ Pp6f kl/jf/leq dlxnf-dlxnfjLr lgs} s6'tf x'G5 . ;f;"a'xf/L gGbcfdfh"sf jLr x'g] dgd'6fj t xfd|f] ;dfhdf …/]l8d]8 k|m]dÚ sf]

?kdf tof/ 5 . dlxnf-dlxnfjLr Pstf gx'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <
Ü r]tgfsf] :t/ gldNbf g} oL ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf x'g\ . ef]ln uP/ oL ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg x'G5g\ .

| cGTodf ,s]xL ;Gb]z lbg rfxg'x'G5 <
Ü ;j{k|yd t d tkfO{+nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' d]/f efjgfx?nfO{ ldl8of dfkm{t JoQm ug]{ cj;/ lbg'ePsf]df . ;do kl/jt{gzLn 5 . abln+bf] ;donfO{ a'em]/ g} xfdLn] xfd|f sbdx?nfO{ cl3 a9fpg' k5{ . Pstf g} o:tf] zlQm xf] h;n] r'gf}tLk"0f{ nfUg] sfdx? klg ;xh} ug{ ;lsG5 . csf]{ s'/f dlxnf-dlxnfsf aLrdf g} e]befj 5 eg] xfdL s;/L cufl8 a9\g ;S5f}+ < /+ue]b lj?4 t xfdLx? nflu;Sof}+ . t/ /ftf] nufpFb}df r"k nfu]/ a:g] xf]Og . xfdLn] xfd|f] ;du| ljsf;sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng afws aGg] tL ;a} s";+:sf/ / k/Dk/fnfO{ TofUg ca l9nf] ug{ x'Gg . x/]s cfdfn] 5f]/Lsf] kL8f a'em]h:t} ;f;"n] klg a'xf/Lsf] kL8f a'em]/ ;fy lbg'kb{5 . xfdLn] Pscsf{sf] ;fy lbg ;Sof}+ eg] xfdL dlxnf eg]/ v'lDrg' kg]{ cyjf xfdLn] ug{ g;Sg] s'g} sfd 5}g .

/fhfnfO{ ;don] /fli6|o / cGt/f{li6|o Gofonosf] s73/fdf pEofpg] 5

s[i0f yfkf
k"j{ d]o/, kf]v/f pk dxfgu/kflnsf, km]j|'j/L !@, @))%

-g]kfnsf] ;'Gb/ gu/L kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k"j{ d]o/ s[i0f yfkf clxn] cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] ck|hftflGqs zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] bf];|f] lbg g]kfn 5f8\g'ePsf yfkf kfl/jfl/s e]63f6sf] nflu b'O{ dlxgf nfdf] cd]l/sf a;fO{sf] of]hgf agfP/ cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ b]zdf /fhfsf] sbdkl5 pTkGg ljz]if kl/l:yltdf pxfF cd]l/sf a;fO{nfO{ b'O{ ;ftfdf 6'+UofP/ g]kfn kms{b}+ x'g'x'G5 .

k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] kIfdf @)#^ ;fnb]lv ;lqmo yfkfnfO{ jt{dfg cj:yfdf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;/sf/n] wdfwd lx/f;tdf lnO/x]sf] a]nf lsg cfkm\gf] a;fO{ 5f]6\ofP/ kms{g nfUg'ePsf] eGg] g]kfnL kf]i6sf] k|Zgdf pxfF eGg'x'G5, æk|hftGq k|flKtsf] n8fOFdf w]/}k6s u/]/ nfdf] ;dosf] h]n hLjg ljtfO;s]sf] 5' . To;}n] clxn] klg d k|hftGqsf] ckx/0fsf lj?4 r'k nfu]/ jf n's]/ a:g ;lSbg .Æ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf sfo{stf{ /xg'ePsf k"j{ d]o/ yfkfn] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fu u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/+fz ._

g]kfnL kf]i6 M /fhfsf] sbdnfO{ s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 <
yfkf M cfhsf] o'udf /fhfsf] sbd cToGt} 3[l0ft 5 . of] sbdn] g]kfnLdf /fhfk|ltsf] >4f 36fPsf] 5 . of] k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] 3f]/ ckdfg xf] .

/fhfsf] t /fhgLlts kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfc?sf] u}/ lhDd]jf/L / c;kmntfsf sf/0f afWo eP/ of] sbd rfNg'k/]sf] bfjL 5 lg <
k|hftGq k'g:yfkgfkl5 b]zdf s]xL gePsf] xf]Og . s]xL g]tfdf sdL sdhf]/L ePs} eP klg s]xL x'Fb} gePsf] jf ;a} v/fj ePsf] s'/f unt xf] . of] aLrdf ePsf /fd|f] s'/fsf] k|rf/ ePg . ax'bnLo k|hftGq / g]tfx?nfO{ ab\gfd ug]{ >[+vnfa4 if8oGqdf ;a}nfO{ ab\gfd u/fpg vf]lhof] .

ca b]zdf s] x'G5 eGg] nfU5 tkfO{+nfO{ <
of] Psbd} gfnfos sbd xf] . of] o'u ;'xfpFbf] s'/f x'Fb} x}g . of] k|hftGq df:g] if8oGq ePsfn] hlt bdg u/] klg w/} lbg l6Sb}g . b]zdf ca s'g} æaxfb'/Æ n] d dfq}n] s]xL u5'{ eGg' ;+ej s'/f klg xf]Og .

s] b]zdf /fhfn] o:tf] sbd rfN5g\ eGg] s'g} z+sf lyof] <
b/jfl/ofx?sf] cleJolQmn] s]xL g s]xL t x'G5 t/ o:t} xf]nf eGg] nfu]sf] lyPg . /fhfn] cft+ssf/L s[ofsnfk lgoGq0f / zflGt :yfkgfsf] d'2fnfO{ 9fn agfP/ emg} 7"nf] cft+s / czflGt ;[hgf u/] . /fhfsf] 3f]if0ffsf] ;"rgf cfPkl5 r}+ s]xL æclgi6Æ x'g] cg'dfgn] jftj/0f eolet eO;s]sf] lyof] .

/fhfsf] 3f]if0ffkl5sf] l:ylt s:tf] lyof] <
hghLjgdf eo, qf; / cGof]n 5fof] . ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff;Fu} æskm\{o"Æsf] xNnf rNof] . /fhfsf] efif0f g;lsb} ;Dk"0f{ ;~rf/ ;'ljwf -6]lnkmf]g_ sfl6of] . ;~rf/dfWod kqklqsf / PkmPd df k|ltaGw nufOof] . /fhwfgL cfpg] sf7df8f}+ aflx/sf a;x? yfgsf]6af6 kmsf{OP . cGt/f{li6|o ;a} p8fg /f]lsof] . htftt} ;]gf k|x/L t}gfy eP g]tfx?nfO{ 3/df gh/aGb jf lu/km\tf/ ug{ yflnof] . Ps k|sf/sf] eofeo, lg/+s'z / :j]R5frf/L zf;g Joj:yfsf] cEof; z'? eof] .
kf]v/fdf SofDk; leq ;]gfn] Jof/]saf6} xjfO{ kmfo/ u/\of] . ToxfFaf6 # ;o hlt ljBfyL{ kqmfp k/] eg] @) hgf 3fOt]x? 5g\ . 3fOt]nfO{ c:ktfn gnuL d]N6|L SofDk nluof] . clxn];Dd kqmfp k/]sf] xHhf/f}+sf] l:ylt c1ft 5 .

ca s] x'g'k5{ eGg] nfU5 <
ca ;Dk"0f{ k|tfGqjfbL Ps eP/ vf]l;Psf] k|hftGqk|flKtsf] nflu OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s nfUg'k5{ . ljutdf s]xL sdhf]/L s;}af6 ePsf] 5 eg] To;df Ifdfofrgf ub}{ hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTg'k5{ .

/fhfn] ax'bnjfbL g]tfx? e|i6 ePsf] / b]zdf zflGt sfod ug'{;§f cfk;L :jfy{df nfu]sf] cf/f]k nufO/x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;+efjgf slt b]Vg'x'G5 <
/fhfsf] cf/f]k t k|hftGqlj?4sf] ;'lgof]lht if8oGqsf] >[+vnf dfq xf] . g]kfndf ;a} eGbf e|i6 / if8oGqsf/L JolQm g} /fhf x'g\ . pgL Jofkf/L klg x'g\ . cfkm\gf] eQf jif}{lkR5] a9fpF5g\, s/ ltb}{gg\ . /fhfsf] ;DklQ b]zsf] x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ cfkm\gf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs klg ub}{gg\ .
/fhfn] lnPsf kl5Nnf æ:jR5 5jLÆ x? ;a}h;f] k"j{ k~r, k|zf;s jf e|i6x? g} 5g\ . kf6L{af6, hgtfaf6 sf/jfxLdf k/]sf hgtfaf6 kmflnPsf, e|i6rf/ / g}ltstfsf] k|Zg p7fOPsf, aof]j[4 jf bfFt km'Sn]sf / cjsf; hLjg latfPsfx?af6 /fhfn] s'g} rdTsf/sf] ;kgf b]Vg' pgsf] dxTjfsf+IfL t/ c;kmn d[ut[i0ff h:t} xf] . To;}n] clxn]sf] of] if8oGqsf] rfF8} kbf{kmf; x'G5 . hgtfnfO{ s]xL ;do cndndf kf/]/ klg /fhfn] ;dosf] ult /f]Sg ;Sb}gg\ . k|hftGqsf] lj?4 / dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf] ck/fwdf /fhfnfO{ ;don] /fli6|o / cGt/f{li6|o Gofonosf] s73/fdf pEofpg] 5 .

cGt/f{li6|o If]qaf6 s:tf] e"ldsf ck]Iff ug'{x'G5 oxfFx?n] <
b]zdf hgtfsf] jf:tljs zf;g Joj:yf k|hftGq xf] . k|hftGq :yfkgfsf] nflu cGt/f{li6|o cfjfhn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 . o;sf nflu xfdL ;a};Fu ;xof]usf] ck]Iff / cfXjfg u5f}{+ . @)$^ ;fnsf] h:tf] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] ;Demf}tf ca x'g'x'Gg . ca lg/+s'ztfsf] h/} pv]Ngsf nflu jftfj/0f agfpg'k5{ . k|hftGqdf hgtfsf] hLjgz}nL / ljsf; s:tf] / s;/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f b]v]sf a'em]sf ljb]zdf a;]sf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL / g]kfnnfO{ dfof ug]{x?n] g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] k'g:yfkgfsf nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f agfpg] k|of; u'g{'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .

;+;bjfbL zlQmx? / xfd|f] kf6L{aLr ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] j:t'ut cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5

s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, k|jQmf -g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
* km]a|'c/L @))%

df3 !( ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffnfO{ oxfFx?sf] kf6L{n] s;/L lnPsf] 5 < of] 36gf tkfO{x?sf nflu cfsl:ds jf ck|Tofl;t s] lyof] <
df3 !( ut]sf] tyfslyt 3f]if0ff g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtflj?4 ul/Psf] if8\oGq xf] . of] if8oGq s'g} gf}nf], cfsl:ds / ck|Tofl;t xf] eGg] xfdLn] 7fg]sf 5}gf}+ . ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmsf] cf8df …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb| tyf zfxL ;]gfsf pRrkb:y lu/f]xn] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf lj?4 w]/} klxn]b]lv ljz]if u/]/ s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv ub}{ cfPsf] if8\oGqsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] kl5Nnf] s8L of] 36gf klg xf] . 1fg]Gb| lu/f]xsf] of] ;Dejt clGtd if8\oGq xf] . hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] gh/af6 of] 36gfnfO{ x]bf{ 1fg]Gb|sf] of] sbdn] hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] pTsif{tfnfO{ g} k|dfl0t ul//x]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] d[To'k"j{ b]zL tyf ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmsf] cf8 e/f];fdf cfˆgf] Ifl0fs cfo' nDAofpg] if8\oGq afx]s c? s'g} cy{ o;af6 nfUb}g .

!( ut]sf] zfxL sbdn] tkfO{+x?n] z'? u/]sf] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ c;/ kf/]sf] 5 ls 5}g <
o; 36gfn] xfd|f] of]hgf j}1flgs / j:t'jfbL lyof] eGg] dfq} k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . hgo'4sf] lg/Gt/ ljsf;n] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ lj36gsf] ;+3f/df k'¥ofPsf] s'/f ;a}sf cufl8 5n{ª\u 5 . df3 !( sf] 36gf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] clGtd if8\oGq xf] eGg] s'/f dfly g} elgof] . o; 36gfn] xfd|f] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ cem} k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] ;DkGg ug{ gsf/fTds ?kn] k|]l/t u/]sf] xfdLn] dxz'; u/]sf 5f}+ .

o; ;Gbe{df ca k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf s;/L cufl8 a9\5 t < cGo ;ª\3if{sf eflj ?k/]vf s:tf] x'g]5 <
df3 !( ut]sf] 36gfkl5 l:yltdf gofFkg cfPsf] lglZrt} 5 . lqkIfLo ;ª\3if{sf] ?k ca b'O{kIFLo ;ª\3if{sf ?kdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . …/fhfÚsf] k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;fdfGo ;ª\3if{ ul//x]sf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?, gful/s ;dfh / hgtfsf] cGo tKsfx? …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lg/ª\s'ztfsf lj?4 gofF ;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{df ;fd]n x'g] l:ylt k}bf ePsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx? / xfd|f] kf6L{aLr ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] j:t'ut cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df d xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ut s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] j}7sn] to u/]sf] k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf cem} k|efjsf/L agfpFb}, cem 1fg]Gb| u'6sf] lg/ª\s'ztfsf lj/f]wL ;a} zlQmx?;Fu ;+o'Qm df]rf{ / ;+o'Qm ;ª\3if{sf] sfo{qmd to u/L cl3 a9fOg] 5 . o;sf nflu /fli6"o / cGt/f{li6"o ?kdf ;Dej ;j} zlQmx?;Fu gofF cfwf/df ;xsfo{ ul/g] 5 .

o:tf] ;xsfo{sf nflu tfTsflns sfo{gLlt s] x'g ;S5 <
s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv g} gofF /fhg}lts l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ xfdLn] k/Dk/fut /fhtGqsf] cGTo ePsf] / u0ftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; u/f}+ eGg] sfo{g}lts gf/f cufl8 ;f/]sf lyof}+ . To; nuQ} pQm nIonfO{ Pp6f k|hftflGqs k4lt ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t km};nf ug]{ /fhg}lts gf/fnfO{ xfdLn] /fVb} cfof}+ . …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lg/Gt/ if8\oGqsf/L sbdx?nfO{ a'em]/ /fhg}lts bnx?;Fu ;xsfo{sf] k|:tfj /fVb} / s]xL xb;Dd ub]{ klg cfof}+ . /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cfTdut l:ylt tyf sltko c:k6tfnfO{ ;d]t JofVof ub]{ xfdLn] ut jif{b]lv g} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /fhg}lts sfo{gLlt / To; k|of]hgsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] s'/fnfO{ lnO cfPsf 5f}+ . cfh of] /fhg}lts sfo{gLlt ;a}sf] nflu 5n{ª\u x'g] u/L j:t'ut oyfy{tf / cfjZostf eO;s]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . xfdL oxL /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfsf] cfwf/df ;a} zlQmx?;Fu ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] k|:tfj /fVb5f}+ . oxL /fhg}lts gf/fnfO{ cfh ;a}sf] ;femf gf/f agfpg' kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

t/ /fhfÚ sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf kIfdf jsfnt ul//x]sf s]xL JolQmx?n] )!& ;fndf /fhfsf] sbdsf] lj/f]w ug]{x?nfO{ bdg u/]/} #) jif{;Dd k~rfotL Joj:yf l6sfP em}+ clxn] klg k]n]/} /fhfsf] sbd cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 eGb}5g lg <
xfdL clxn] )!& ;fndf xf]Og, )^! ;fndf 5f}+ . )^! ;fnsf] l:ylt eg]sf] ;"rgf k|ljlw gofF 7fpFdf 5, hgtfsf] r]tgf:t/ cem dfly 5 / ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f] eg]sf] t ljut ( jif{b]lv z'? ePsf] dxfg\ hgo'4 s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sJhfsf] l:yltdf k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] o'4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf p7]sf] clxn]sf] l:yltdf bdgaf6 kmf;Ljfb nfb\g vf]Hg' eGbf 7"nf] d"v{tf c? s]xL x'g] 5}g .
ptf cfh ljZjd} klg /fhg}lts w|'jLs/0f tLa| alg/x]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfb ;ª\s6df km:b} 5 / qmflGtsf/L zlQmx? alnof] aGb}5g\ . of] l:yltdf )!& ;fndf em}+ k]n]/} kmf;LjfbL sbd cl3 a9fpg vf]Hg' cfˆg} cfo' 5f]6\ofpg' dfq xf] .

gofF kl/l:yltn] u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj tkfO{+x?n] ug'{kg]{ cleef/f ;'lDkPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu tkfO{+x?sf] cfTdut l:ylt s:tf] 5 <
o;sf nflu xfdL cfh dfq xf]Og s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv g} tof/ ePsf] s'/f ;a}sf cufl8 :ki6} 5 . /fhg}lts bnx?s} cfTdut Ifdtfsf] cefjsf] sf/0f of] ;Dej ePg . cfh t xfdL k|Tofqmd0fsf] :t/df p7]sf zlQmsf x}l;otn] o;sf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;Ifd dfq xf]Og tof/ klg 5f}+ . lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 hfg ;a} zlQmx? cfhsf] l:yltdf ca tof/ x'g]5g\ eGg] xfdLn] k"0f{ ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}+ .

…/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] sbd pgsf] cfˆg} ;fx;n] u/]sf x'g jf o;sf k5fl8 s'g} zlQmn] ;fy lbPsf] 5 < tkfO{+x?nfO{ s] nfU5 <
/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|n] cfˆg} ;fx;n] dfq of] sbd rfn]sf] xf] eGg] s'/fdf xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5}g . g]kfnsf s'g} klg k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx? :jtGq?kdf cfTdlge{/ eP/ cfˆgf] ljj]s k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] l:yltdf g/x]sf] Oltxf;sf 36gfqmdn] k'li6 ub]{ cfPsf 5g\ . s;}n] k|hftGqsf] gfd lnP/, s;}n] /fi6"jfbsf] gfd lnP/ s'g} g s'g} /fhg}lts 36gfqmdx?df x:tIf]k ug]{ u/]sf Oltxf;x? ;fIfL 5g\ . …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|n] g]kfndf ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?sf] r'Tyf] gf]s/sf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] klg k|i6} 5 . df3 !( sf] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] sbdnfO{ v'Nnf ?kdf s;}n] ;dy{g gu/] klg o; k5fl8 s'g} g s'g} ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmsf] cf8 e/f];f /x]sf] s'/f cg'dfg ug{ s'g} sl7gfO{ 5}g . of] 36gf ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?sf] …u|f08 l8hfOgÚ df ;DkGg ePsf] xf] eGg] a'em\g' kb{5 .

ef/tLo ;~rf/dfWod, /fhg}lts zlQm / a'l4hLjLx?n] …/fhfÚ sf] sbdsf] ;Vt lj/f]w u/]sf] b]lvof] < s] ca ef/t;Fusf] tkfO{+sf] gLltdf kl/jt{g cfpg] ;Defjgf 5 <
ef/tLo ldl8of jf s]xL /fhg}lts zlQmx?n] ul//x]sf] …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lg/ª\s'z sbdsf] lj/f]wnfO{ xfdL ;sf/fTds ?kdf g} lnG5f}+ . t/ ef/tLo ;Qfsf] lj/f]wsf] ?kdf of] s'/f a'‰g cem} s]xL ;do kv{g h?/L 5 . ef/tLo ;Qfsf] lj:tf/jfbL rl/qsf] af/]df xfd|f] ;}4flGts a'emfOdf s'g} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g . ;fdGtjfbL / ;a}vfn] ;fd|fHojfbL zf]if0f, pTkL8gsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtf / g]kfnnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ p2]Zodf cfwfl/t xfd|f] hgo'4k|lt ef/tLo zfifsx?sf] /j}ofdf g} pgLx?nfO{ x]g]{ a'‰g] ;jfn to x'g] s'/f xf] . df3 !( ut]sf] …/fhfÚsf] sbdsf] ef/tLo ;Qfsf] cGto{df /x]sf] lgotnfO{ xfdL uDeL/tfk"j{s / ;'Id 9ª\un] cWoog ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

g]kfnsf] 36gfqmdnfO{ cGt/f{li6"o hgdtn] s;/L x]l//x]sf] 7fGg'x'G5 <
g]kfnsf] 36gfqmdnfO{ cGt/f{li6"o hutn] lgs} rf;f]sf ;fy x]l//x]sf] 5 . of] 36gfkl5 cGt/fli6"o hgdt klg b'O{ w'|jdf ljeflht x'g] k|foM lglZrt 5 . ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] u'?of]hgfdf cfPsf] of] 36gf pgLx?sf] ;Lldt :jfy{sf nflu ljleGg ?kdf x:tIf]k ug]{ vt/f k|jn 5 . lsgsL g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ hlt b'Zrqmdf km;fpg ;lsG5 pgLx?sf] :jfy{ l;4 x'g] pgLx?sf] rfn :ki6 5 . t/ ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L Pj+ hgtGqk|]dL ljZjs} hg;d'bfon] df3 !( sf] b':;fx;sf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+3if{nfO{ s'g} g s'g} ?kdf bl/nf] ;dy{g ul/g} /xg]5g\ .

tkfO{+n] /fhg}lts w|jLs/0fsf] s'/f ug'{ eof] t/ Pdfn] g]tf emngfy vgfnn] u0ftGq jf s'g} klg tGqsf s'/f clxn] gu/f}+ eGg' eof] . cGo bnsf g]tfx? klg af]n]sf 5}gg\ . o;af6 u0ftGqsf] nIodf w|"jLs/0f ;Dej 5 t <
df3 !(sf] …/fhfÚ sf] 3f]if0ffkl5 ca lg/ª\s'z /fhtGq ls nf]stflGqs u0ftGq eGg] b'O{ /fhg}lts w|'j k|i6tM cufl8 cfO;s]sf] 5 . of] k|i6 b'O{ wf/nfO{ ga'‰g' jf a'em]/ klg a'em krfpg] sfdn] /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ emg} ktg dfq} u/fpg] 5 . cfˆg} y'k}| sfo{stf{x? lxhf] g} u0ftGqsf] kIfdf plePsf] ;Gbe{ / cfhsf] j:t'ut w/ftndf ca s'g} klg ;+;bLo bnsf g]tfx?n] cfˆgf] l:ylt k|i6 kfg{ l9nfO{ ug'{ b]z / hgtfsf nflu ljZjf;3ft dfq} xf] .

s] kf6L{x?;Fu tkfO{+x?sf] ;Dks{ / ;xsfo{ ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5 <
tTsfn ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5}g . t/ s]xL kf6L{x?;Fu ;Dks{ ePsf] 5 / ;sf/fTds kxn klg z'? ePsf] 5 . afFsL kf6L{x?;Fu s]Gb|Lo / :yfgLo b'a} :t/af6 l56} ;xsfo{ x'g] ;Defjgf klg a9]sf] 5 .

kf6L{ g]tfx? gh/aGbdf 5g\, sfo{stf{x? wdfwd lu/ˆtf/L kb]{ 5g\ < :jtGq ldl8of k|ltjGw 5, ;ª\s6sfnn] zx/ / ;b/d'sfd ql;t 5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf zx/ / ;b/d'sfdsf /fhg}lts sfo{stf{ / j'l4hLjLx?, ;~rf/sdL{ Pj+ hg;d'bfonfO{ s] ;'emfa lbg' x'G5 <
hgo'4sf] tLa|td ljsf;qmdn] k'/fgf] ;Qf zx/ / ;b/d'sfddf dfq} v'Drg k'u]sf] l:yltdf lg/ª\s'ztGqsf] kmf}hL bdg / tyfslyt ;ª\s6sfnåf/f lklN;g k'u]sf ;a} /fhg}lts bnsf sfo{stf{, g]tfx?, jf}l4s ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, ;~rf/sdL{x?, ;~rf/;+:yfx?, dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\3-;+:yf / JolQmTjx? Pj+ xfd|f z'elrGts hg;d'bfosf] ca cfˆg} ;'/Iffsf] ;jfn d'l:sndf k/]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df xfdL jxfFx? ;a}nfO{ xfd|f] gofF ;Qf ;~rfng eO/x]sf u|fdL0f If]qdf cfpg cfu|x ub{5f}+ . jxfFx?sf] jf:tljs ;'/Iff / ;Ddfg ca gofF ;Qf cGtu{t dfq ;Dej 5 . xfdL jxfFx?sf] /fhg}lts :jtGqtf, ;'/Iff / ;Ddfgsf] ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5f}+ . To;}u/L PkmPd /]l8of], kqklqsf nufot ;a} k|sf/sf ;~rf/;fwgx?nfO{ xfd|f] hg;Qfleq cfP/ lgoldt ;~rfng ug{ xfdL cfJxfg ub{5f}+ .

o;f] ug{ OR5's jxfFx?n] s]xL zt{ k"/f ug'{ k5{ / <
olta]nf lg/ª\s'z …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb| / p;sf] e/f}6] ;]gf / To;nfO{ ;xof]u / ;fy lbg] s'g} klg zlQmsf] lj/f]wdf pleg' kb{5 . lg/ª\s'ztf lj?4sf] ;ª\3if{sf] ;dy{g ug'{ kb{5 . afFsL cGo cfˆgf] cf:yf cg';f/sf] :jtGqtf sfod x'g ;S5 . ;Rrf b]zeQm, k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf nflu xfd|f] hg;Qfleq cfpg s'g} lxlRsrfpg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g . cfTd;dk{0fjfbL tTjx?, /fi6"lj/f]wL / hglj/f]wL tTjx?sf] xsdf xfd|f] s'g} klg ;Ddfg x'g] 5}g .

k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;}lgs k|jQmfn] tkfO{+x?nfO{ cK7\of/f] kfg{ ;~rf/;Dks{ ljR5]b u/fPsf] atfPsf 5g\, s] o;af6 tkfO{+x?nfO{ cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5 <
p;n] ;~rf/ ;Dks{ ljR5]b u/fP/ xfdLnfO{ xf]Og ;Lldt zx/x?df v'Drg k'u]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qf :jodnfO{ g} c;/ k'lu/x]sf] 5 . clxn] klg tkfO{+n] b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] x]8Sjf6{/, sdf08 sfof{no, If]qLo sfof{nob]lv lhNnf lhNnf;Dd / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf k|To]s OsfOx?;Fu xfd|f] lgoldt ;Dks{ eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f ;~rf/ ;'rf? 5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{åf/f ;~rflnt % j6} /]l8of]x?df ;dofjlw a9fP/ lgoldt k|;f/0fx? eO/x]sf] 5 . kqklqsf, cgnfOg nufotsf ;a} vfnsf k|rf/ / k|sfzgx? ;'rf? 5g\ .

ca /fhg}lts eljio s] x'G5 t <
…/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lu/f]xn] h'g b':;fx; u¥of] ToxL p;sf] ktgsf] sf/0f x'g]5 . p;n] cfˆgf] d[To'sf] 306L cfkm} ahfPsf] 5 . lg/ª\s'tfsf] cGTo c;Dej 5}g . cjZo+efjL 5 . lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqjfbL zlQmx? / nf]stflqs u0ftGqjfbLx? aLrsf] eLif0f 6s/fj ;fd'Gg] cfPsf] 5 . ;Rrf b]zeQm, k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf] sfwdf lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 Pp6f 7'n} ;ª\3if{sf] cfFwL a]x/L ;[li6 ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj Oltxf;n] lbPsf] 5 . pQm ;ª\3if{sf] g]t[Tj ug{ / To;df ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g xfd|f] kf6L{ tof/ /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] cj l56\6} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g] s'/fdf xfdL ljZj:t 5f}+ .
jftf{sf] s'g} ;Defjgf 5 <

…/fhfÚsf] tyfslyt 3f]if0ff kqn] jftf{sf] 9f]sf k'/} aGb ul/lbPsf] 5 . 3f]if0ffkqn] /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] xf]Og o'4sf] 9f]sf dfq} vf]n]sf] xfdLn] dxz'; u/]sf 5f}+ .
s] eof] eg] jftf{ x'g ;S5 <
klxn] 1fg]Gb|n] cfˆgf] 3f]if0ff lkmtf{ lng' k5{ / ;Dk"0f{ zlQm ljgf ;t{ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg tof/ x'g] l:yltdf jftf{ ;Dej x'g;Sb5 . t/ of] ;Defjgf k"/} 36]/ uPsf] 5 .

of] l:yltdf zflGtk"0f{ ?kn] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ s'g} ;Defjgf b]Vg' x'G5 <
lemgf] ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf nflu …/fhfÚsf] ;]gf zfxL ;]gfn] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ xltof/ hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ a'emfpg' kb{5 . /, Tof] k'/fgf] ;]gf lj36g ug'{kb{5 tyf /fhfn] :j]lR5s ?kdf …/fhu2LÚ kl/Tofu ug{ tof/ x'g' kb{5 / dfq} Tof] ;Defjgf x'g ;S5 .

cGTodf hgo'4sf] bzf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] pknIodf s]xL eGg' 5 ls <
xL kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv xfd|f] hgo'4 gf}+ jif{ k"/f u/]/ bz jif{df k|j]z ub}{5 . ?; / rLgsf] k|ltqmflGt / k]?sf] hgo'4df ePsf] uDeL/ wSsfkl5 xfdLn] g]kfndf cfh eGbf gf}+ jif{ cl3 h'g sfdsf] yfngL u¥of}, Tof] Oltxf;df dxfg\ sfdsf] yfngL lyof] . cfh xfd|f] hgo'4n] g]kfndf s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sJhfsf] clGtd / lg0ff{os o'4sf] cEof;sf] :t/df k'u]/ P]ltxfl;s sLlt{dfg sfod u/]sf] 5 . olt dfq xf]Og hgo'4 /fli6"o ;Ldf gf3]/ cGt/f{li6"o :t/df ljZjqmflGtsf nflu ;+;f/sf ;j{xf/f ju{ Pj+ qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfosf nflu gofF pmhf{ Pj+ k|]/0ffsf] cfwf/zLnf klg ag]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ePsf] dxfg\ o'4sf] g]t[Tj ug{] bfloTj xfd|f] kf6L{n] kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ uf}/jtfsf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 .
o; cj;/df xfdL ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfo, dxfg\ zxLbsf kl/jf/x?, ;]gf / df]rf{sf ;Dk"0f{ kª\lQmx? Pj+ ljZje/sf xfd|f z'elrGtsx?df xflb{s clejfbg ug{ rfxG5f}+ .

-Od]naf6 k|fKt s'/fsfgL ;do;fGble{s /x]sfn] xfdLn] k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ ;=_

cbfntaf6 klg zlQmsf] b"?kof]u ePsf] b]lvof]

k"j{ k|wfgdGqL dl/rdfgl;+x >]i7
hgj/L !#, @))%

-k~rfotsfnsf clGtd k|wfgdGqL cyf{t\ dl/rdfgl;+x >]i7nfO{ lrgfO/xg'kb}{g . lsgsL pxfF k~rfotsfnd} klg tTsflng k|x/L / ;]gfsf dflyNnf] bhf{sf xflsdx?n] u/]sf] e|i6rf/ / kbLo cfr/0fsf lj?4 8LjL nfdf / e/t u'?ª h:tf JolQmx?nfO{ vf]/ xfNg], To:t} ef/tn] gfsfaGbL u/]sf] a]nf ef/t;Fu 6Ss/ lng] k|wfgdGqLsf ?kdf PstkmL{af6 lrlgg'x'G5 eg] csf]{ tkm{af6 pxfFs} k|wfgdlGqTjsfndf k~rfotsf] lj?4 g]kfnLx?n] lgSs} 7"nf] ;+3if{ u¥of}+ eGg] æefgÆdf ax'bnLo Joj:yf gfdsf] zf;g ;d]t cfPsf] lyof] . Tof] ca ;a} Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf dfq ;Lldt eof] . Ps bzs gk'Ub} k~rsf gfddf kmflnPsf ltg} JolQmx? g} ax'bnLo Joj:yf c;kmn dfq x}g ax'bnjfbL g]tfx?sf] e|i6 / a]OdfgL ePsf] eGb} cfkm"x? æ7"nfÆax'bnjfbL ePsf] atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
o;} qmddf dl/rdfgl;+x >]i7 s]xL ;docl3 cd]l/sfsf] jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf cfP/ g]kfnLx?aLr cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;d]t efu lng'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu >]i7;Fu g]kfnL kf]i6sf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]n / kqsf/ n]vgfy e08f/Ln] u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 ._

g]kfnL kf]i6 M g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts ult/f]wnfO{ oxfFn] s;/L x]l//xg'ePsf] 5 <
dl/rdfgl;+x >]i7 M g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ult/f]w ;f/} b"ef{Uok"0f{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL g]kfnL aLrdf lx+;f xTof eO/x]sf] 5 o;sf] l56f]eGbf l56f] ;dfwfg xf];\ eGg] kIfdf d 5' .

dfcf]jfbL / /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ d"nwf/df Nofpg g;Sg'df sf] bf]ifL xf]nfg\ < /fhgLlts bnx? /fhf jf dfcf]jfbL cfkm}+ <
o;df bf]if lbg'eGbf klg ;a}n] :jfy{dfly p7\g'k/\of] . :jfy{eGbf dfly p7]/ b]z / hgtfnfO{ ljifo j:t' agfP/ lrGtg u/]kl5 ;dfwfg x'g ;S5 h:tf] nfU5 .

tkfO{+ @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkl5 k'gM /fhgLlts kl/b[iodf b]vf kg'{ePg t/ tkfO{+s} cGo ;dsfnLgx? ;a} k'gM ;Qfdf k'u] tkfO{+ lsg aflx/ lg:sg'ePg <
aflx/ glgl:sPsf] eGg] k|Zg x}g . sd;]sd ;dGjostf{sf] ?kdf ljefhgnfO{ Pstfsf] kIfdf s;/L n}hfg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fx?sf] lrGtg d a9L ul//x]sf] 5' .
4G4 cfpg] eg]s} ;Qf :jfy{sf sf/0f xf] . /fhgLlts ;+u7g ;+7gaLrsf] 4G4n] ubf{ ;dfhdf 4G4 cfPsf] xf] lg . d]/f] cfu|x eg]sf] ;Qf :jfy{nfO{ Tofu]/ b]zsf] ljifodf lrGtg u/f}+ eGg] d]/f] ;a};Fu cfu|x xf] .

jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] ljsNk s] clwgfosjfb g} xf] eGg] 7fGg'x'G5 <
clwgfosjfbsf] h'g s'/f lgsfn]sf 5g\ . Tof] k|fl1s PS;/;fOh xf] . t/ k|hftflGqs k2ltaf6} ;d:of ;dfwfg eof] eg] /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] kIfdf d 5' .
t/ s] xf] eg] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfkm\g} ;+sL0f{tfdf a:g' ePg . /fli6|o Pstf rflxof] /fli6|o ljifox?df ;dGjo rflxof] .

@)$^ ;fnkl5sf] k|hftGqsf] d"Nof+sg s;/L ug'{ePsf] 5 t oxfFn] <
Tof] t tkfO{+x?n] h] d"Nof+sg ug'{ePsf] 5 d}n] klg ToxL u/]sf] 5' . /fd|f] ePg .

o;df sdL sdhf]/L lhDd]jf/L s;sf] xf] t <
/fHo ;+rfngsf] sdhf]/L xf] . Pp6f t s] b]lvof] eg] ;+;bLo Joj:yf x'Fbf kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj ju{df JolQmTjsf] cefj b]lvof] . sfo{stf{x?sf] unt :jfy{nfO{ dfq ;+/If0f ug]{ b]lvof] . g]t[Tj ju{df unt :jfy{nfO{ bjfpg ;Sg] Ifdtf klg rflxof] . To;n] ubf{ kf6L kf6Ldf ljefhg eof] .
clxn] g]kfndf x]bf{ kf6Lx? eg]sf] sfo{stf{b]lv dflysf] :jfy{sf] a08ndfq ePsf] b]lvG5g\ .

;+ljwfg ;ef / ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] dWo:ttf ePb]lv dfcf]jfbLx? jftf{df cfpg] elg/x]sf 5g\ o;adf]lhd jftf{ x'g ;Sg] b]Vg'x'G5 ls x'Gg <
;aeGbf 7"nf] s'/f b'j} kIfdf cljZjf; 5 . klxn] cljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f x6fpg] sfd x'g'k/\of] . pgLx?nfO{ klg ljZjf; x'g'k/\of] . pgLx?nfO{ klg w]/} cK7f/f] 5 . /fHo kIfn] ljZjf; lbnfpg ;Sg'k/\of] .

/fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf nfg ;lsG5 ls ;lsb}g t <
/fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf x'Fbf ;/sf/L kIfn] s]xL ;f]r]sf] xf]nf . To; ljifodf d lj:t[t?kdf uPsf] 5'Og .

oxfFnfO{ klg /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf cfO/xg'k5{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5}g <
d]/f] egfO xfdL g]kfnL g]kfnL a;]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg lsg gug]{ < eGg] xf] . /fli6|otfsf] kIfdf Pp6f s] x'G5 eg] g]kfnLx? cK7f/f] k/]sf a]nfdf Ps x'g ;S5g\ eGg] xfdLn] lzIff lbg ;Sg'k/\of] . d Tof] kIfdf /xG5' . g]kfnL g]kfnL a;]/ cfkm" aLrsf] 4G4 lsg ;dfwfg gug]{ <

/fhfsf] cWoIftfdf ;Nnfxfsf/ ;ldlt agfP/ /fhfn] zf;g rnfpg] xNnf cfO/x]sf] 5 tkfO{nfO{ s:tf] nflux/]sf] 5 <
g]kfndf w]/} xNnf km}nG5 . ToxfF h:tf] Pp6f l5kfsf] 3\ofDkf] km\6\of] eg] klg Pp6f xNnf rlnxfN5 . d of] xNnfsf] k5fl8 lx8\lbg .

bn / /fhfaLrsf] ult/f]wsf af/]df oxfF s] eGg'x'G5 <
of] ;a} ;Qf :jfy{ xf] . ;Qf :jfy{ 5f8]kl5 of] ult/f]w ;a} x6\5 . /fhfn] klg ;a} kf6Lx?nfO{ n ldn]/ cfp eg]/ dfu u/]s} xf] . t/ ToxfF cfkm\gf cfkm\gf 5g\ . ;Qfdf hfg] ljlQs} pm alnof] x'G5 ls d sdhf]/ x'G5' ls eGg] ;a} kf6Lx?nfO{ 5 . pgLx? ;a}sf] rl/q s] eof] eg] ;Qfaf6dfq /fhgLlt ug{ ;Sg] ;f]rfO a9\tf a9\of] . To;n] ubf{ cfkm"cfkm"df 4G4 a9]sf] b]V5' .

/fhfsf] Ifdtf / e"ldsf dfly sltsf] ;+Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <
clxn]sf] /fhf klg ;Ifd g} 5g\ . ;]G; ckm PsfpG6ljln6L 5 ls 5}g < d'n's tndfly eof] eg] xfdLnfO{ eGbf /fhfnfO{ a9L lrGtf 5 . o;y{ clxn] cljZjf; a9L ePsf] dfq xf] . æcu'N6fn] xfg]sf] s's'/ lah'nLb]lv tl;{G5Æ eg] h:tf] dfq xf] .
clxn] s] s'/f lal;{P eg] cfkm" x}g b]z hgtf eg]/ ;f]Rg'k/\of] . cfkm\g} dfq ;Qf / :jfy{ t]:of{of] eg] uf/f] x'G5 . emu8f kg]{ sf/0f klg log} x'g\ . elgG5 lg 4G4sf] sf/0f ædgL, kfj/ / ;]S;Æ xf] clxn] klg To:t} eO/x]sf] 5 .

casf] lgsf; s] xf] t <
jftf{ x'g'k5{ .

jftf{ s;/L x'g] t <
o;df gful/s ;dfhsf] klg e"ldsf x'g ;S5 . cfkm\gf] :jfy{ gePsf] ju{ ;lqmo eof] eg] / ltgLx?n] bjfj lbPdf jftf{ x'g;S5 .

;a} bnsf g]tfx?sf] egfO Pp6} /xG5 . k|fo ;a} bnsf g]tf cd]l/sf cfpFbf b]z} 8'Aof] a/jfb eof] eG5g\ oxfF a:g]nfO{ klg tkfO{+x?sf] klg e"ldsf x'G5 tkfO+{x?n] b'j} kIfnfO{ bjfj lbg ;Sg'x'G5 elgG5 t/ Tof] lsg eO/x]sf] 5}g t <
clxn] hf] ;Qfdf 5g\ pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] :jfy{ gx]/L b]z x]?g\ . To;kl5 jftf{ x'G5 . Psy/L dfcf]jfbL cfP eg] xfdL g} hfg'k5{ ls eGg] lrGtf b]lvG5 . lelq pgLx?sf] s] b]lvG5 eg] pgLx? gcfPklg x'GYof] eGg] klg b]V5' . ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] cfkm\g} :jfy{, s'07f 5 . Tof] b]lv dfly p7\g' k/\of] . d g/x] / s] x'G5 / b]z /xf];\ eGg] efjgfn] cufl8 a9\g ;Sg'k/\of] .

g]tfx?df 4}4 rl/q ljBdfg b]lvG5 elgG5 h:tf] /fhfnfO{ e]6\bf Pp6f s'/f aflx/ Pp6f s'/f eGg'eof] <
of] /fhgLlts xf] . lxKkf]q]m;L xf] of] . o;n] ubf{ 4G4 a9]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts ju{nfO{ dfq bf]ifL klg elGbg . Tof] hgtfdf ;ts{tf klg 5}g . ær]s P08 Jofn]G;Æ x'g'k5{ Tof] ePg . ;+ljwfg agfpFbf h'g s'/f ;f]rfO{ ePsf] 5 . h:tf] zlQm o;nfO{ lbg] eGg] 5 To;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ klg rflxG5 . h:tf] cbfntnfO{ zlQm lbOof] . cbfntaf6 klg zlQmsf] b"?kof]u ePsf] b]lvof] .

clxn]sf] cj:yfdf /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL agfP eg] d 6Ls] k|wfgdGqL alGbg eGg'ePsf] lyof] lg <
d}n] 6Ls] eg]/ eg]sf] 5}g . d]/f] t rfxgf g} 5}g . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf s] eg] :jtGq zlQmsf ?kdf /x]/ of] ;d:ofnfO{ ldnfpg ;lsG5 ls eGg] r]i7fdf 5' .

oxfFsf] cfkm\gf] ;]e b g]zg eGg] kf6L s] eO/x]sf] 5 <
d}n] s'g} kf6L g} vf]n]sf] 5}g .

oxfFn] ;dGjosf] s'/f ug'{eof] Tof] /fd|f] xf] . t/ tkfO{+sf] To; lsl;dsf] s]xL k|oTg eO/x]sf] 5 <
Tof] aflx/ cfpg] s'/f ePg . lelq ?kdf ;a}n] dnfO{ e]6\g cfpF5g\ . ;a};Fu s'/f x'G5 . d r'k nfu]/ a;]sf] 5}g . d ;Qf cufl8 t]:of{P/ s'/f ulb{g .

of] ;dGjosf] e"ldsfk|lt sltsf] ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <
dk|lt klg k"jf{u|x /fv]/ x]g{]x? 5g\ klxn] t dk|lt k"jf{u|x /fv]/ gx]/ eG5' . d}n] eGg] u/]sf] 5', d ltd|f] k|lt4G4L x}g .

tkfO{+ clxn];Dd g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kmf]/ddf gcfpg'ePsf] sf/0f s] xf] <
kIf ljkIfsf] /fhgLltdf d cun a;]sf] x'F .

tkfO{+nfO{ t cem} klg /fhfs} kIf eg]/ x]l/G5 lg <
Tof] cfu|x 5 . Tof] cfu|x xf] . /fhfsf] kIf eGbf klg d ;a} zlQmnfO{ ;dGjo u/fpg] kIfnfO{ d x]5'{ .

clGtddf g]kfnL kf]i6dfkm{t\ ;+;f/ e/ a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ oxfFsf] s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <
clxn] d'n'ssf] jt{dfgl:yltnfO{ ;'wfg{ cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] kIfaf6 ;a}n] k|oTg u/f}+ d]/f] oxL cg'/f]w xf] .

æb'j} lzlj/df aGb's]x?s} xfjL a9]sf] 5Æ

k//fi6|ljb\ lx/0onfn >]i7
l8;]Da/ #), @))$

lx/0onfn >]i7 M k|fWofkgb]lv lnP/ g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tf If]qdf klg lr/kl/lrt gfd xf] . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf tkm{af6 @)$^ ;fnkl5sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yftfsf hglgjf{lrt ;+;b klg aGg'ePsf] lyof] . ;+;b /xFbf pxfF k//fi6| tyf dfgjclwsf/ ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;d]t /xg'ePsf] lyof] . xfn pxfF :jtGq j'l4hLjLsf ?kdf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ :jb]z kmsf{pg] cleofgdf nfUg'ePsf] 5 . xfn cfkm" s'g} klg /fhgLlts bnsf] glhs g/x]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . /, b]zdf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] s'g} ljsNk 5}g eGg'x'G5 . k//fi6| dfldnfdf lgSs} bvn /fVg'x'g] /fhgLlts zf:qsf s]xL k':tsx?;d]t k|sflzt ul/;Sg'ePsf >]i7 s]xL ;docl3 e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ cd]l/sL ;/sf/;dIf lj:t[t ?kdf cjut u/fpg] qmddf jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu lu/Lz kf]v/]nn] u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnL kf]i6 M s]sf] lznlznfdf cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] xf] <

lx/0onfn >]i7 M g]kfndf /x]sf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ ;'/Iff / ;Ddfgsf ;fy :jb]z kmsf{pg] s'/fdf cGt/f{li6|o ;d'bfosf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ cfu|xsf nflu xfdL cfPsf xf}+ .
To;}u/L ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf / ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3nfO{ e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x? !$ jif{;Dd /xFbf klg :jb]z kms{g] s'/f clglZrt x'Fbf z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df /x]sf o'jfx? cw}o{ eO{ st} pu|jfbL af6f]df gnfu'g\, xfdL g]kfnLx?n] t clxn] To:tf pu|jfbL 36gfx? ef]Ub}5f}+ eg] Tof] s'/f ca cfP/ e"6fg;Fu ghf]l8of];\ . olb ToxFFf klg To:t} z;:q 4G4 x'g yfn]kl5 xltof/ lbg hfg] sfd ug'{sf] abnf Tof] l:ylt g} cfpg glbgsf nflu z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ ;'NemfpgnfO{ ef/t / e"6fgnfO{ bjfj lbg ;Demfpg] sfd cd]l/sfn] u/f];\ eg]/ klg xfdL oxfF cfPsf xf}+ .
dxfzlQmsf ?kdf /x]sf] cd]l/sfn] cft+sjfb lj/f]wL ljZj cleofgnfO{ Wofg lb+bf cfGbf]ng z'? eO;s]kl5 xltof/ a'emfpg hfg'sf] abnf z'?d} o;nfO{ /f]Sg] sfd u/f];\, cft+sjfbsf lj?4 lg/f]hs s"6gLltssf nflu cfu|x ug{ cd]l/sf cfPsf xf}+ .

oxfF cfP/ sf]sf];Fu o;sf af/]df s'/f /fVg'eof] t <

xfdLn] :6]6l8kf6{d]G6sf blIf0f Pl;of x]g]{ k//fi6| dfldnf x]g{] / g]kfn x]g]{ clwsf/Lx?;Fu 5nkmn u/\of}+ . To;}u/L ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3df klg z/0ffyL{x?sf dfldnf x]g]{ clwsf/Lx?;Fu e]6 ug{ uO/x]sf 5f}+ . jfl;+ª6g 8L;L / Go'of]s{df /x]sf g]kfnL efifLx?;Fu klg e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] af/]df xfd|f] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd eof] .
;+;f/e/ 5l/P/ a;]sf g]kfnLx? h'g;'s} b]zdf g]kfnLdfly cGofo cTofrf/ ePdf e]befj ePdf s/fpg'k5{, an lbg'k5{, P]Soj4tf hgfpg'k5{ . g]kfnLefifL / ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf nflu xfdL e"6fgsf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf 6]sgfy l/hfn clxn] cd]l/sf cfpg'ePsfn] pxfFnfO{ klg ;xof]u k'/\ofpgsf nflu / e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ cGt/f{li6|o :t/df Wofgfsif{0f ug]{ sfdsf nflu ;d]t ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] xfd|f] rfxgf xf] .
dfgjclwsf/sf] kIf lnO{ af]Ng] 6]sgfy l/hfnhL / pxfFsf] kIfdf af]Ng] h'g;'s} dfgjclwsf/jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ csf]{ cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u lbnfpgsf nflu klg xfd|f] o;kfnLsf] e|d0fsf] a]nf k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 .

cd]l/sL clwsf/Lx? s] eG5g\ t e"6fgL z/0ffyL{sf ;DaGwdf <

cd]l/sL clwsf/Lx?n] yf]/} ;+Vofdf ePklg klxnf] juL{s/0fdf k/]sfx?nfO{ kmsf{pg] ;f]r /fv]sf /x]5g\ . xfdLn] eGof} ls klxnf]df kg]{x?sf] ;+Vof Hofb} sd 5 of] juL{s/0f g} bf]ifk"0f{ 5 . ;a} e"6fgL / u}/ e"6fgLnfO{ :jb]z kmsf{pg'k5{ . cGt/f{li6|o ;d'bfon] ;xof]u u/]/ z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ g]kfnd} /fVg ;lsG5 ls eGg] ;f]Rg]x? klg /x]5g\ Tof] unt 5, lsgsL g]kfnleq} klg cfGtl/s ?kn] lj:yflkt x'g] cfGtl/s z/0ffyL{ a9]sf] a]nfdf xfdLn] cGt/f{li6|o z/0ffyL{x?sf] af]em g]kfnn] af]Sg ;Sb}g To;}n] clxn]sf] a]nf pxfFx?nfO{ xfdLn] eg]sf] 5f} xfdL cGt/f{li6|o z/0ffyL{sf] af]em af]Sg ;Sb}gf} . xfdLn] cd]l/sL clwsf/Lx?;Fusf] e]6df klg eg]sf 5f}+ e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ rfF8f] kmsf{pg'k5{ To;sf nflu ef/tnfO{ ;d]t ;Demfpg] lhDd]jf/L ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfn] lng'k5{ eg]/ xfdLn] cfu|x ubf{ ;sf/fTds hjfkm kfPsf 5f}+ .

e"6fgL ;d:ofsf] afws d'Vo u/]/ ef/t xf] elgG5, oxfFx?n] ef/tlt/ uP/ klg s'/f ug'{eof] xf]nf ef/tLo clwsf/Lx? s] eG5g\ <

xf] xfdLn] ef/tLo clwsf/Lx?;Fu klg s'/f u/]sf 5f} / ub}{ 5f} klg . xfn g]kfndf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ lkmtL{ ;xof]u ;d'x eg]/ g]kfnsf k"j{ k//fi6|dGqLx? k"j{ s"6gLlt1x? / of] If]qdf ?rL /fVg] dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?;d]t ;xefuL /x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] ef/tnfO{ klg e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofsf nflu df}g s"6gLlts ?kn] ;Demfpg] ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] pgLx?;Fu s'/f ubf{ pgLx? xfdLn] e"6fgnfO{ bjfj lbg ldNb}g of] tkfO{+x?s} b'O{ kIfaLrsf] dfldnf xf] eg]/ klG5g] k|j[lQ ef/tsf] xfdLn] b]Vof}+ .
xfdLn] eGof}+, ef/t / e"6fgsf] l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] 5 . klxn] z/0f lbPsf] b]z ef/t xf] . ef/tn] g]kfn k7fPsf] x'gfn] dfq of] g]kfn / e"6fgsf] ;d:of b]lvPsf] xf] . olb ef/tn] g]kfn gk7fPsf] eP of] ef/t / e"6fgsf] ;d:of x'g hfGYof] . To;}n] csf]{ d'n'snfO{ ;d:of ;flb{b}df Tof] b]zn] ;d:ofaf6 6f8f klG5g ldNb}g To;}n] g} of] z'?b]lv g} g]kfn, ef/t / e"6fgaLrsf] ;d:of xf] . of] cGt/f{li6|o ;d:of xf] . g]kfnn] t a:gnfO{ dfq 7fpF lbPsf] xf] . v'jfpg], lkjfpg], k9fpg], aRrfnfO{ :jfYof]krf/ ug]{ ;a} UNHCR n] sfd u/]sf] 5 eg] of] s;/L b'O{klIfo ;d:of x'G5 < To;}n] of] cGt/f{li6|o ;d:of xf] . ef/tn] cfpg lbg] hfg lsg glbg] < To;}n] hfFbf klg ef/ts} af6f] eP/ hfg'kg]{ x'G5 .
To;f] t cd]l/sf, o'/f]lkog d'n's ;lxt g]kfndf /x]sf x/]s b]zsf /fhb"tfaf;x?n] z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df uP/ :ynut lg/LIf0f u/]sf 5g\ . ef/tdfq} ToxfF k'u]sf] 5}g . ef/tsf] pk]Iffn] ubf{ / pu|jfbL / cft+sjfbL ;+:yfx?sf] aLrdf cltjfbL /fh;+:yfx?aLrdf xft]dfnf] a9\b} uPsf] 5 . To;n] ubf{ ef]lnb]lv e"6fgdf klg pNkmfnfO{ nv]6]kl5 pgLx? klg c;Gt'i6 eP/ e"6fgL ljkIfL;Fu ;xof]uL ?kdf ;DaGw a8fpFb} n}hfg' :jefljs x'g hfG5 . To;}n] ef]ln 7"nf] ;d:of x'g cfpF5 / o;n] ef/tnfO{ klg c;/ k5{ . ef/tn] klg of] pu|jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ kfNg] xf]Og kG5fpg z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L kmsf{pg ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . e"6fgdf dfgjclwsf/ / k|hftGqsf] axfnL eof] eg] ToxfF leqsf hgtfn] af]nfP/ z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ km"nsf] dfnf nufP/ kmsf{pF5g\ . e"6fgdf k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/ gePsf] x'gfn] z/0ffyL{ ;d:of o;sf] pkh xf] .
h'g h'g /fi6|x?n] e"6fgnfO{ ;xfotf ul//x]sf 5g\ ltgLx?n] klg e"6fgdf dfgjclwsf/ / k|hftGq gcfP;Dd ;xfotf ug'{x'Gg / xfdLn] klg z/0ffyL{ gkmsf{P;Dd o;sf nflu bjfj lbg cfu|x ul//x]sf 5f+}{ .

of] t eof], g]kfn / e"6fgsf] ;d:ofsf] s'/f otf cfˆg} b]zdf dfcf]jfbL ;d:of emg rls{b} uPsf] 5 ;Qf /fhfn] xftdf lnO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] b]zsf] eljio s:tf] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <

clxn] g]kfn l:ylt emg z;:q 9+uaf6 a8\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . hgtfx? /fHo / ljb|f]xL b'j} kIfsf] Rofkdf k/]sf 5g\ . b'j} lzlj/df aGb's]x?s} xfjL a9]sf] 5 . h;n] /fhgLlts ;dfwfg eGbf klg ann] ldr]/ cuf8L a9\g'k5{ eGg] ;f]r /fv]sf] 5 . o;}n] of] d"n k|Zg g} aGb'ssf] lgoGq0fdf /fhgLlts /fVg] xf] ls clxn]sf] h:tf] /fhgLlts gful/s ;dfhsf] tkm{af6 k"0f{ o'4lj/fd ug{ ;Djfbsf] ;xdltaf6} g} k'Ug'k5{ ;}lgsL ;dfwfg x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fdf hg;xdtsf] ;[hgf / hgbjfjsf] kl/rfngtkm{ nfu]sf 5f}+ .
To;f] t /fHonfO{ xltof/ lbg] d'n'sx? klg 5g\ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, a]nfot, ef/t nufot bh{gf} d'n'sx?n] ;}lgsL ;fdu|L, ;}lgsL tflnd, gfO6lehg x]lnsK6/ lbg] ul//x]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] l:ylt Vofn gu/L csf]{tkm{ ljb|f]xL kIfnfO{ klg cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u Tolts} k|fKt 5 . h:tf] blIf0f Pl;ofsf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ;+u7g æsDkf];fÆ logLx?n] klg dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ xltof/ t:s/L tyf k|lzIf0f u/]/ d2t u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'j}tkm{ xltof/ lbP/ rsf{pg vf]Hg]x? klg 5g\ eg] ;aeGbf sdhf]/ ljb]zdf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ an k'/\ofOlbg]x? 5g\ .
oltv]/ xfd|f] e|d0fsf] p2]Zo eg]sf] xfdLnfO{ ;}lgsLs/0fsf] af6f]df x}g zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf nflu clek|]l/t ug]{ / cGt/f{li6|o If]qdfkm{t\ klg zflGtsf] kxn ug'{ xf] . zflGtsf] kIf b/f] xf];\ eg]/ ;dy{g / P]Soj4tf zflGtsf nflu k|fKt ug'{ klg csf]{ xfd|f] p2]Zo xf] . ;+;f/ e/ 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnL / g]kfnsf ldqx?n] 4G4nfO{ prfNg] x}g zflGt kIfnfO{ kf]if0f ug{sf nflu g} cGt/f{li6|o P]Soj4tfsf] xfdLnfO{ vfFrf] 5 .

;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr jftf{ u/fpgsf nflu ;xhstf{ klg e/kbf]{ gePsf h:tf b]lvG5g lg <

b'O{ k6s jftf{ e+u x'Fbfv]/L zflGtjftf{sf] k|fljlwskIf ghfg]sf sf/0f ljjfbdq Nofpg] / ;xhstf{x?n] klg b'O{ kIf aLrsf] snxnfO{ sd gu/fPsf] b]lvof] . o;n] ubf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf pko'Qm xf]nf . To;f] t /fi6|;+3sf dxf;lrjn] ;d]t g]kfnsf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5f}+ eg]/ arg ;d]t lbO;Sg'ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/ kIf xltof/ lng / 4G4 rsf{pg cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u lng] zflGtsf nflu eg] cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u rflx+b}g eGg] ;Qf kIfsf] unt /j}of 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] t ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] dWo:ttfdf jftf{ ug{ dfg]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cGt/f{li6|o ;+3;+:yf ;xhstf{ geO{ jftf{ x'g klg uf/f] 5 . ef]ln s'/f ldn]/ r'gfj u/fpg'kbf{ klg ljb|f]xLx?sf] xltof/ s;nfO{ a'emfpg] hf];Fu n8\of] p;nfO{ t a'emfpFb}gg\ . ;}lgsnfO{ a'emfpFb}gg\ To;}n] ubf{ r'gfj gx'Gh]n;Dd xltof/ ga'emfpGh]n;Dd ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] ;xof]u h?/L 5 . cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?nfO{ ;xof]u lbnfpg] h:tf kIfdf ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsfnfO{ xfdLn] ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . t/ cfkm\g} kf]N6fleqsf] b]z ;Demg] blIf0f Pl;ofsf] b]zn] ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;xof]u;Dd 5}g . ef]ln ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 cfpg] ljlQs} xfd|f] x:tIf]ksf nflu tuf/f] x'G5sL eGg] dfgl;stf l5d]sL b]zsf] 5 . g]kfnsf cfkm\g} ljutsf lbg / cg'ejx? ;}lgsL zf;g /x]sf a]nf l5d]sL 7"nf b]zsf ;}lgs cfP eg] kmsf{pg} ufx|f] x'G5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 cfof] eg] ;d:of ;dfwfg ul/sg r'gfj ul/sg p lglZrt kms{G5 . csf]{ kIf l5d]sL Ps b]zsf] kmf}h cfof] eg] csf]{ ?i7 x'G5 . g]kfnsf] e" ;fdflhs ;Dj]bgzLn l:yltdf ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 eof] eg] ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3nfO{ ;b:o /fi6| ef/t, rLg;Fu ldNg ;lsG5 / ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3nfO{ s:tf] dfGotflbg] eGg] klg ;Nnfxf x'G5 . s'g} zlQm /fi6| h;sf] ;fdflhs :jfy{ g]kfndf 5 . ltgLx?sf] x:tIf]k xfdLnfO{ x'Fb}g . zflGtsf nflu ;xof]u lbg] xf] . aflx/L x:tIf]knfO{ gsfg}{ k5{ .

dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu /fhfsf] e"ldsf s:tf] /x]sf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 <

/fhfsf] k"j{ klZrd e|d0fdf klg hgtfn] JolQmut s'/f dfu]gg\ /fhf zflGt b]pm, /fhf ;'/Iff b]pm g} eg] eg] hgtfn] /fhf;Fu}af6 zflGtsf] dfu u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg /fhf;Fu} s'/f u5f}{ eg]sf x'gfn] ;a} zlQm clxn] /fhf;Fu} s]Gb|Ls[t 5 . /fhgLlts ?kn] o;sf] ulx/f] ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] klg ljb|f]xLn] hf];Fu jftf{ u5'{ eg]sf 5g\ p;+u;Fu} tTsfn r}+ x'Fb}g a? zlQm lbP/ k7fPsf g]tfnfO{ 7fpFcg';f/sf] x}l;ot lbP/ k7fpg pgLx?n] eg]sf 5g\ . o;}n] jftf{sf nflu /fhfaf6 klg s]xL kxn eof] eg] /fd|f] x'G5 . d}n] t cfd ?kn] eGg] u/]sf] 5' /fhfn] ;j{bnLo ?kdf ;j{klIfo /fhg}lts ;Dd]ng af]nfOlbg'k5{ . dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] Tof] ;j{kIfLo /fhgLlts ;Dd]ngn] ;femf /f]8\Dofk, ;femf /fli6|o sfo{qmd to ug'{k5{ . To;n] sfo{qmd nu]/ r'gfj u/fpgsf nflu ;femf /fli6|o Pstfsf] ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] /xg'k5{ / p;n] s]sf nflu r'gfj u/fpg] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f To} /fhgLlts ;Dd]ngn] Pp6f d:of}bf agfOlbg'k5{ . gofF ;+ljwfgsf nflu Tof] d:of}bfnfO{ cfufdL r'gfj ;jf{lwsf/ ;DkGg h;n] ;+ljwfg x]/km]/ klg ug{ ;S5 / ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ klg lbg ;S5 . xfd|f] h:tf] ul/a b]zn] b'Oj6f r'gfj ug{ ;Sb}g ;+ljwfg ;ef / ax'bnsf nflu r'gfj To;/L Pp6f pkfo lgsfNg] ;lsG5 t/ o;sf nflu /fhf :jod\ klg nflu kg'{k5{ x]/]/ a:g'ePg . sd;]sd klg /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng u/]/ xf];\ of h;/L eP klg zflGtsf nflu kxn ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfO;Sof] . cyf{t\ ;j{bnLo, ;j{kIfLo /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng af]nfpg'kk5{ . zflGtsf] k|of; eg]s} /fi6| lgdf{0f xf] . dfg]/ ;femf sfo{qmd / ;femf /fli6|o ;/sf/ agfO{ lgsf; lgsfNg'kg]{ clxn] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

To;sf] dtnj /fhf cfkm}+ cufl8 ;/]/ zflGtsf] nflu kxn ug'{k\of] x}g t <

;a} kIfnfO{ ;+nUg u/fOsg lgsf;sf nflu /fhfn] kxn ug'{k5{ . vf;u/L /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng af]nfpg] qmddf .

oxfFnfO{ /fhgLlts kf6Ln] ljut t]x| rf}w jif{df u/]sf lqmofsnfkn] hgtfdf ljt[i0ff cfP h:tf] nfU5 ls nfUb}g <

Tof] cjZo xf] . ;a}eGbf a9L hf] ;Qfdf a:of] Tof] al9 lhDd]jf/ 5 . aLraLrdf hf] hf] ;Qfdf ;xefuL eP tL klg ToxL xb;Dd lhDd]jf/ 5g\ / ;+;bsf] k'g:yfkgf eGgfn] Tof] k'/fgf] ;+;b hf] dfcf]jfbL ljgf 5 To;n] ;dfwfg x'Fb}g . hg;]gf ePsf] zlQmnfO{ klg kfvf /fv]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}g . clxn]sf] ;d:of ToxL !$ jif{sf] /fhgLlts pkh xf] . /fhgLlts ?kn] k|hftGq cfof] cfly{s ;fdflhs l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfPg . lk5l8Psf] hflt / lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] pk]Iff /x\of] . To;}n] ca /fhgLlts zlQm dfcf]jfbL ;lxt cufl8 a9]/ lbuf] zflGtsf nflu kxn ug'{k5{ .

oxfF klg Pp6f ljwflosf eP/ ;+;bdf k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] o:tf] x'g'df cfkm"nfO{ sltsf] lhDd]jf/ 7fGg'x'G5 <

d sfo{sf/L / ;Qfdf uOg t/ sfg'g agfpg] 7fpFdf k'u] . Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] klxnf] ;];gnfO{ olb clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ cg'df]bg ul/lbPsf] eP / cfjZostfg';f/ ;+zf]wg ul/lbPsf] eP ;fob ;+ljwfg ;ef eGb}gy] xf]nfg\ csf]{ rf/j6f s'/f km]g{ kfOPg eg]/ hgtfnfO{ k"0f{ ;fj{ef}d xf]Og ;Lldt ;fj{ef}d eof] . o;df ;+;bn] e"ldsf v]Ng g;s]sf] g} xf] . ;+ljwfgnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug]{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ Tof] kxn klg ePg Toltdfq x}g xfd|f] cfkm\gf] sdhf]/L eGg] xf] eg] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] klg k"0f{ ?kn] ljsf; x'g lbPg . ;+;bn] k|wfgdGqL r'Gg] k|To]s k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;b lj36g ug]{ eGg] dfs'/] ;+:s[lt cfof] . dfs'/fn] aRrf hGdfpF5 Tof] aRrfn] cfdf vfG5 o:tf] unt gLltn] ubf{ g} o:tf] l:ylt cfPsf] xf] . To;dWo] klg e|i6rf/ / s'zf;gn] ubf{ of] ;dfNg} g;Sg] l:ylt cfPsf] xf] To;n] bnx? hfu?s x'g'k5{ t/ lgb{nLo Joj:yfdf hfg] x}g . bnn] cfkm"nfO{ ;'wfg'{k5{ . cfkm\gf sdhf]/L :jLsfg'{k5{ / dfcf]jfbLsf cfly{s / ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf Ph]G6nfO{ :jLsfg]{ ax'bn / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ :jLsfg{sf nflu pgLx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{k5{ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg lbj]zL x:tIf]k / rnv]n a9\b} uPsf] ;Gbe{df b]zelQmsf] efjgf /fv]/ zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf nflu cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . pgLx?n] ;+3if{ 5f]8]/ cfpg klg elGbg t/ ;+3if{sf] ?k km]g'{k5{ . ;}lgs / ljb]zL x:tIf]k /f]Sg] xf] eg] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf cfpg'k5{ . xTof lx+;f 5f8]/ clxn] w]/}h;f] kf6L{x?n] ;+ljwfg ;ef xfdLnfO{ dGh'/ 5 xfdLnfO{ cfkQL 5}g elg;s]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?n] klg ;z:q cfGbf]ng 5f8 zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng u5f}{{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ z;:qaf6 hgcfGbf]ngdf km]/]/ cfkm\gf p2]Zo k"/f ug{sf nflu nfUbf /fd|f] x'G5 . zflGtk"0f{ ?kn] cfPklg dfcf]jfbL ;a} eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ eP/ ;Qfdf cfpg ;Snf ann] dfq 5fk agfpg cem} ufx|f] 5 . l;+xb/jf/ sAhf ug{ / ;Qfn] klg ann] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgDg kfg{ ;Sb}g To;}n] ;+jfb / ;xdlt cfjZos 5 . o;}n] ;a}sf] k|of; cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf nflu Ph]08f lnP/ zflGtk"0f{ lgsf; lgsfNg] xf] .

g]kfndf Psy/Lx? /fhf cfpm b]z arfp eGg] yfn]sf 5g\ lg <

of] j]df};dsf /fux? ;'lgPsf x'g\ . )!& ;fnsf] h:tf] ca x'g ;Sb}g . hgr]tgfsf] :t/ w]/} al9;s]sf] 5 . ca t hg;]gf ;lxtsf] Pp6f /fhgLlts zlQm klg cufl8 cfO;s]sf] 5 To;}n] @)!& ;fnsf] ;kgf k"/f x'g ;Sb}g .

b]pjf ;/sf/ r'gfj u/fpF5' eGb}5g\ lg s] 5 l:ylt <

r'gfjsf nflu zflGt k"j{ cfjZostf xf] . Jof/]sleq dtbfg s]Gb| /fVg] xf] / < To;}n] klxn] zflGt rflxof] . d s] eG5' eg], dfcf]jfbLx? klg ls t of] ;d:ofnfO{ jftf{ u/]/ 6'+Uofp ls r'gfj x'g b]pm / lgjf{lrt ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ u/ t/ r'gfj} x'g lbGg eG5 eg] æl6s]Æ ;/sf/nfO{ g} ck|ToIf ?kdf ;3fp k'U5 .
h:tf] >Ln+sfdf klg ln§]n] cfkm\gf] ;dy{snfO{ r'gfjaf6} lhtfof] r'gfj ljyf]n]g . d t s] eG5' eg] log} clxn]sf ;Qfdf /x]sf rf/ kf6L{;Fu jftf{ u/]/ of] ;d:of 6'+Uofpg'k/\of] . jftf{ klg x'g glbg] / hgtf;Fu ;/f]sf/ g/fVg] æl6s]Æ ;/sf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' ePg .

dfcf]jfbLx? jftf{sf nflu af/Daf/ ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] dWo:tf dflu/x]sf 5g\ ;/sf/ Tof] s'/fk|lt j]jf:tf ul/x]sf] b]lvG5 o;sf nflu klg csf]{ s'g} b/f] dWo:ttf ;d'xsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] xf] ls <

cfkm"nfO{ xltof/ rflx+bf c?sf] ;xof]u rflxg], ;L8Lcf] ckx/0f x'Fbf cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u rflxg] . zflGtsf nflu ;xof]u grflxg] < Tof] t ;/sf/n] eGg} ldNb}g . ;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3sf] cfXjfgdf g]kfNL ;]gfn] ljZjdf zflGtsf nflu nfluk/]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfndf ;+s6kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3n] ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf v]N5' eGbf x'Gg eGg' ldNb}g . /fi6|;+3 cfpFbf ljb]zL x:tIf]k eGg ldNb}g . lsgsL g]kfn klg /fi6|;+3sf] ;b:o /fi6| xf] . cfkm\gf] ;b:o /fi6|sf] c;kmntfnfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg vf]H5 eg] xfdLn] To;nfO{ :jLsfg'{k5{ . :jLsf/ gug'{eg]sf] zflGt grfxg' / cGt/f{li6|o ;dfwfg grfxg' xf] .
/fi6|;+3 cfpg'eg]sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] :jLs[ltaf6 cfpg] xf] . To;}n] klg clxn] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofdf /fi6|;+3sf] ;+dnUgtf h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu ljb|f]xL kIfn] dflg;s]sf] cj:yfdf h;n] dfg]sf] 5}g To;nfO{ ;a}n] ;+emfpg'k5{ Tof] g} ;a}sf nflu kmnbfoL x'G5 .
h:tf] ef/tsf] kmf}h >Ln+sf hfFbfv]/L c;kmn eP/ kms]{sf] xf] . /, l5d]sLn] ;}lgs x:tIf]k u/\of] eg] Tof] l5d]sL klg jb\gfd x'G5 . To;}n] ef/tdf cfkm\gf] cg'ejn] klg g]kfndf ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;+emfpg ;Sof] eg] pko'Qm x'G5 .
csf]{lt/ ef/tdf klg sf+u|]; cfO{sf] gofF ;/sf/ /x]sf] 5 . To;sf b'O{6f k|wfgdGqLx? OlGb/f ufGwL / /flha ufGwL cft+sjfbs} lzsf/ ePsf x'gfn] casf] ;/sf/n] ef/t nufot l5d]sL /fi6|df pu|jfbsf] k|f]T;fxg glbsg zflGtsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] s'/fnfO{ klg s"6gLlts tj/n] xfdLn] ef/tnfO{ ;+emfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
csf]{ /fd|f] kIf pQ/ k|b]zdf ef/tn] ToxfFsf ljb|f]xLx?;Fu jftf{ ub}{5, pQ/k"jL{ If]qdf klg ljb|f]xL;Fu jftf{sf nflu kxn ub}{5 . h:tf] slZd/L ;d:ofsf nflu klg ef/tn] g]kfnd} jftf{ u/\of] . g]kfndf klg zflGt k|lqmofsf nflu ef/t / cGt/f{li6|o :t/n] k|f]T;fxg ug}{k5{ .

cGTodf ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ oxfFsf] s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <

g]kfndf 4G4 rs]{sfn] cfGtl/s lj:yflkt ePsf t 5Fb}5g\ . ljb]z hfg] qmd klg a8\bf] 5 . t/ klg g]kfndf zflGt ePdfq ljb]zdf cfOk'u]sf g]kfnLx?n] ljb]zdf klg rog;Fu sfd ug{ kfpF5g\ . To;}n] k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] :jfy{ klg g]kfndf zflGt sfod ug'{ xf] . o;sf nflu ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] cGt/f{li6|o hgdt tof/ u/]/ ;3fpg'k5{ . /, csf]{ s'/f ;+;f/e/L 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnLn] klg g]kfnsf] lbuf] zflGtsf nflu P]Soj4tf hgfpg'k5{ .
k|jf;L g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7g Non-Resident Nepali Association -Pgcf/Pg_ sf] ;+u7g ug]{x?n] tTsfnLg cfly{s :jfy{ a9L x]/]sf 5g\ eg] Tof] gul/sg j[xt cGt/f{li6|o Pstf g]kfnL hfltotf / To;sf nflu xfdLn] sf]lz; ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . h'g;'s} b]zsf g]kfnLx? x'g\ xfdL Ps xf}+ /fli6|otfsf nflu df]x a9fpg / h'g;'s} b]zdf a;] klg Tof] b]zsf] sfg'g k|of]u ul/sg clwstd cj;/ lnOsg g]kfnL ;d'bfo / b]zsf] uf}/j a9fpg'k5{ . ;+;f/sf] h'g;'s} s'gfdf /x]sf] g]kfnL hflt s;}sf] lyrf]ldrf]df gk?g\ ;a} g]kfnL ;d'bfon] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf nflu uf}/jsf] nflu P]Soj4tf hgfpg\ eGg] ;'e]Iff /fVb5' .

[Mr. Bishnu Karki recently returned from Nepal with his family member after they were forced to flee their village by the Maoists. Nepalipost.com interviewed Mr. Karki about the situation in Nepal. Mr Karki was also an active Member of Nepal Tarun Dal from 1990-1997.]

Nepalipost.com: Please give us the update of the situation in Nepal?
As you know the country is struggling with the insurgency since 1996, things are deteriorating day by day. Sometimes for a brief period of time people become hopeful about the negotiations but these too have failed couple of times already. There is a grave danger and real chance that Nepal might turn into a failed state.

Nepalipost.com: What happened to your family?
As you know living with extended family is a common practice in Nepal. My two sons and spouse were living in my parents. We had wholesale clothing store that have been operating for over 30 years and serving the needs of the community. Maoists had asked for Rs 500,000 of donation from my father who refused to fund their terrorist activities. They classified us as class enemies and decided to attack. On May 25, 2003 they looted, vandalized and completely destroyed the business. According to police their mission was to kill our family members as well. So our family had to flee to Kathmandu to survive. After I traveled to Kathmandu I found out that even Kathmandu was not as safe as I considered because of the infiltration of the Maoists who had earlier managed to kill the Head of the Police in early morning hours.

Nepalipost.com: What are some of the changes that you noticed in your village?
I was born in Birendranagar, Surkhet. Western part of Nepal has historically been neglected by the government thus have become the hot bed of the Maoist insurgency. There has been a lot of internal migration towards Birendra Nagar from neighboring districts like Jajarkot, Dailekh, Dang, Salyan, Banke, Accham, Bardiya, Kalikot, Bhajang and Rolpa. Many of those fleeing are children, youth and women. Children and Youth have been abducted in hundreds and are taken to Maoist camps where they are brainwashed to bear arms and turn them into child soldiers. Women are abducted to assist Maoist in their labor camps for cooking and carrying chores. Unfortunately even their new place of migration is not safe anymore because Birendranagar has also come under attack. My family's own shop, that had served the community for over 30 years was looted and ruined. Even my own family had to flee to survive as the Maoists were in a mission to exterminate their class enemy. There is a total ban on sale of alcohol, playing cards and any forms of real estate transaction. Once they manage to successfully displace a village using scare tactics or by killing them, the Maoists occupy the land and convert them to common property. In summary I can say there is gross violation of the Human Rights situation at a catastrophic level and the International Community must step in.

Nepalipost.com: What is the security situation like in general?
The government has expanded the troop level from 40,000 to 70,000. It has also hired more Armed Police to defend the country. Still this amount of troop level is not sufficient to secured all the vital infrastructures and provide security to the protection. While in Surkhet I was advised by the police to take care of myself as they were busy fighting the insurgency and did not have resource to defend or provide protection to the public. Maoists and intellectuals have warned that the country is moving towards militarization and further warned that this would simply prolong the war.

Nepalipost.com: What roles are people/Maoists expecting from the expatriate or those residing abroad?
The general population wants those living abroad to raise the voice and bring attention of the International Organizations like UN, Amnesty International and Red Cross to pressure both sides to come to the negotiating table. Maoists wants those residing abroad to return back and join their class struggle and participate in their glorious revolution. They want people to support the revolution financially and expose in media on their success stories. Many students returning to Nepal for Holidays from the West have been abducted and taken to jungle to explain to them what they are doing. Few have been asked to donate laptops and cell phones and make financial contributions. There are media reporting that those who have not complied have been detained for a longer duration and physically tortured.

Nepalipost.com: What do you see the role of Royal Nepal Army (RNA) in resolving the crisis?
As you know the King himself heads the RNA so basically it is upto the King to create a climate of Peace talk. People fear more of RNA atrocities sometimes because of their known gross human rights violation. People are so confused as to which side really protects them, which is unfortunate. Countries like the United States, UK, India and Belgium which are providing arms to RNA must make it very clear to them that their soldiers abide by Geneva Convention while dealing with the prisoners and train them in understanding the human rights. Portion of the military support must go towards educating the soldiers about the urgent need for respecting the basic human rights of the citizens.

Nepalipost.com: Any solution you see for this crisis?
Every major war or struggle in the history has ended with a strokes of pen not of the gun or sword. Sooner we realize that negotiations is the only way out of this catch-22 situation the better it is for the long term stability of Nepal.

æz/0ffyL{x?aLrdf Pstf gePsfn] ef/tLo ;/sf/n] e"6fgL ;d:ofnfO{ dxTj glbPsf] xf]Æ

6f]ds'df/ clwsf/L
l8;]Da/ !*, @))$

-e"6fgL o'jf g]tf 6f]ds'df/ clwsf/L 8|'s g]zgn s+u|];sf] dxf;lrj x'g'x'G5 . lbNnLl:yt e"6fg sNof0f ;ldltsf ;+of]hssf ?kdf lrlgg'ePsf clwsf/L e"6fgaf6 v]lbPkl5 e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] Gofosf nflu lg/Gt/ ?kdf sfd ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] ef/t /f]tsl:yt Ps ljZjljBfnoaf6 sfg'g ljifodf PnPnaL ;Sg'ePsf] 5 . o'jf g]tf clwsf/L s]xL ;docl3 cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] lgdGq0ffdf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ cGt/f{li6|o hutdf cjut u/fpg] p2]Zon] cd]l/sf cfpg'x'Fbf g]kfnL kf]i6;Fu ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . xfn pxfF z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ o'/f]kdf ;d]t k|rf/ ug]{ qmddf o'/f]lkog o'lgog nufotsf ljleGg kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ e]6 ug]{ qmddf o'/f]klt/ k'Ug'ePsf] 5 ._

cd]l/sf s]sf] lznlznfdf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] xf] <
cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] lgDtfdf oxfF cfOk'u]sf] x'F . d oxfF cfP/ oxfFsf ljleGg lgsfo;Fu e'6fgL cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u ug{ ;d]t cfu| ub}{ cfPsf] 5' .

tkfO{+x?sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff s:tf] /x]sf] 5 t <
cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] e"6fgk|ltsf] wf/0ff x]g]{ xf] eg] cd]l/sfsf] e"6fgdf s'g} b"tfaf; 5}g . cd]l/sfsf] e"6fg;Fu s'g} k|ToIf ;DaGw /x]sf] b]lvb}g . e"6fg;Fusf] ;DaGw ef/tdf /x]sf] cd]l/sL b"tfaf;n] g} x]g{] u5{ . cd]l/sfn] rfxG5 ls e"6fgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg xf];\ / z/0ffyL{x? hlt aflx/ 5g\ ltgLx? kmls{P/ cfkm\gf] b]z hfg ;s'g\ eGg] 5 . t/ xfd|f hlt Ps nfveGbf a9L z/0ffyL{x? e"6fg aflx/ 5g\ ltgLx? ;a} e"6fg kmls{P/ hfpg\ eGg] rfxgf cd]l/sfsf] 5}g ls h:tf] nfU5 h:tf] b'O{rf/ xhf/ hf] e"6fg hfFbf ;d:of x'G5 To:tf dfG5]n] eg] e"6fg ghfpg\ ls eGg] h:tf] cd]l/sfsf] wf/0ff 5 eGg] nfU5 .

e"6fgaf6 v]lbPsf z/0ffyL{x?sf nflu oxfFx?sf] kf6L{n] cfufdL lbgdf s] s:tf] sfo{qmd Nofpg nflu/x]sf] 5 t <
hxfF;Dd sfo{qmdsf] s'/f 5 xfdLn] ;g\ !((% df e"6fgd} krf{kDKn]l6ª u¥of}+ . To;kl5 cfP/ ;g\ !((& lt/ cfx'/f e"6fgn] u¥of] . To;kl5 ;g\ !((* lt/ e"6fgleq} klg xfdLn] k|b{zg u¥of}+ . h'g xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g e"6fg k'u]sf lyP ltgLx?nfO{ e"6fg ;/sf/n] s'6]/ lk6]/ ef/tLo ;Ldf If]q ho ufpFsf k|x/Lx?nfO{ k};f VjfP/ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Ldf If]qdf km\ofFlslbof] . e"6fgdf s'g} sfo{qmd ug{ Tolt ;lhnf] eO/x]sf] 5}g . / klg xfdL Pp6f /fli6|o kf6L{ ePsfn] ubf{ e"6fge/L cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmd ug]{ ;f]lr/x]sf 5f}+ . of] kf6L{sf] cWoIf ;frf]{k hfltsf] ePsf] x'gfn] Tof] hfltsf] klg xfdLnfO{ ;dy{g 5 . xfdLnfO{ gfn'ª hfltx? Hff] e"6fgsf] zf;s ju{df 5 ltgLx? Klg xfd|f] kf6L{df ;lqmo /x]sf 5g\ . blIf0f e"6fgsf t ltg} hfltsf nflu xfd|f] cfGbf]ng ePsfn] pgLx? klg xfd|f] kf6L{df 5g\ . e"6fge/L klxn] kDKn]l6ª u/]/ hgtfx?df cfGbf]ngk|lt r]tgf hufpg] sfd xfdLn] ug]{ sf]lz; ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
e"6fg ;/sf/n] clxn] Pp6f ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ul//x]sf] 5 Tof] cfpg] ljlQs} xfdLn] hghfu/0fsf] sfo{qmd ug]{ ;f]rfOdf /x]sf 5f}+ .

tkfO{+ Pp6f sfg'gsf] ljBfyL{sf gftfn] x]bf{ e"6fgdf cfpg nfu]sf] gofF ;+ljwfgn] s;/L ;d]6\b} 5 t hgtfx?nfO{ <
e"6fg ;/sf/sf] ;f]rfO blIf0f e"6fgLx?nfO{ d'Vo wf/df gNofP/ vfnL ;frf]{k / gfn'ª hfltnfO{ dfq ;d]6]/ Tof] ;+ljwfg d:of}bf sld6L agfPsf] b]lvG5 . h'g sld6LnfO{ x]bf{ klg yfxf x'G5, h:tf] #( hgfsf] sld6Ldf Pp6f klg blIf0fL e"6fgL 5}g . of] nfdf] ;do;Dd l6Sg ;Sb}g . lsgsL blIf0f e"6fgdf hg;+Vofsf] $# k|ltztnfO{ of] ;+ljfwfg d:of}bfdf ;lDdlnt gu/fPsf]n] ubf{ klg of] l6Sg ;Sb}g .

tTsfn e"6fgdf k|hftGq cfpg] ;+efjgf sltsf] b]Vg'x'G5 <
tTsfn cfpg] b]lVbg . Ps ;fncl3 e"6fgn] cfkm\gf] 5 ;b:oLo sfplG;nnfO{ a9fP/ bz hgfsf] agfof] o;n] ubf{ klg xfdLn] cfpg] rf/ ;fnsf] aLrdf s]xL z/0ffyL{ kmsf{pg ;Sof}+ eg] rf/ ;fnkl5sf] lgjf{rgdf e"6fgdf k|hftGq cfpg ;S5 ls eGg] nfU5 .
e"6fgn] h'g clxn] lgjf{rg sfg'g klg n]Vg ;ls;s]sf]5 Tof] nfu" u/\of] eg] / xfdLn] blIf0f e"6fgleq xfd|f z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ leq l5/fpg ;Sof}+ eg] k|hftflGqs Joj:yf e"6fgleq cfpg ;Sg] ;+efjgf w]/} 5 .

tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{ lbNnLaf6} rn]sf] 5 . ef/tLo g]tf?sf] e"6fgL z/0ffyL{k|lt s:tf] wf/0ff kfpg'ePsf] 5 t clxn];Dddf <
xf] xfd|f] d'Vo clkm; lbNnLdf 5 . xfdLn] ef/tLo a'l4hLjLx?;dIf uP/ ef/tLo /fhgLlt1x?dfkm{t\ e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ bzf{pg] sfd xfdLn] ul/x]sf 5f}+ . lbNnLdf 8|'s g]zg kf6L{n] k|ToIf sfd ug{ uf/f] kg]{ ePsfn] xfdLn] O08f] e"6fg k|m]08;Lk ;f];fO6L eg]/ vf]n]/ To;sf] dfkm{t\ klg cfkm\gf s'/fx? /flv/x]sf 5f}+ . o;sf] ;efklt ef/tLo g]tf ;Tok|sfz x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] ;a}nfO{ kq n]v]/ bjfj lbg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ klg xfd|f s'/fx? Eff/t;/sf/n] /fd|f];Fu x]/]sf] 5}g .

ef/tn] of] ;d:ofk|lt vf;} rf;f] glbg'df s] xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 <
rf;f] gePsf] x}g rf;f] t 5 . ef/taf6 ;do ;dodf cfkm\gf] k//fi6| ;lrj k7fP/ s] eO/x]sf] 5 lalk|mª ul//xg] sfd ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf klg z/0ffyL{x?n] s:tf] k|ltlqmof lbO/x]sf 5g\ To;af/] klg rf;f] eg] ef/tn] /flv/x]sf] 5 . t/ d2t ug{ hfFb}g . lsgsL pgLx?sf] ;fgf]ltgf] OG6/]i6 5 pgLx/sf] . To;df klg xfdL z/0ffyL{x?aLrdf klg /fd|f] Pstf gePsfn] ubf{ klg ef/tLo ;/sf/n] xfd|f] ;d:ofnfO{ dxTj glbPsf] xf] h:tf] nfU5 .

tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{ / 6]sgfy l/hfnsf] ;DaGw s:tf] /x]sf] 5 t <
6]sgfy l/hfnhL ;g\ !(((df l/xf ePkl5 s]xL ;do e"6fgd} a:g] sf]lz; ug'{eof] ToxfF a:g g;s]kl5 pxfF l;nLu'9L cfpg'eof] ToxfFaf6 lbNnL cfPkl5 xfdLn] g} pxfFnfO{ ef/tLo g]tf tyf ef/tLo j'l4hLjLx?;Fu e]63f6 u/fPsf xf}+ . xfdL;Fu ;DaGw Psbd} /fd|f] 5 . pxfFsf] g]t[Tjdf g} z/0ffyL{x? e"6fg kmlsP/ hfg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] klg dfGotf /x]sf] 5 .

z/0ffyL{x?aLr h'6\g'df eGbf km'6\gdf cufl8 x'g'x'G5 lg <
8|'s g]zgn s+u|]; ljefhg gx'g'kg]{ lyof] eof] . o;/L ljefh u/fOg'df klg cfcfkm\g} e]i6]8 OG6/]i6n] ubf{ klg o:tf] ePsf] xf] . xfdLn] o:tf e]i6]8 OG6/]i6 /fVg]x?nfO{ lsgf/f /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ ljefhg ePsf sf/0fn] ef/tdf ;d]t g]tfx?;Fu e]6\g hfFbf xfd|f ;d:ofsf s'/f lnP/ hfFbf klg xfdLnfO{ ldn]/ cfpg' eg]/ eGg yfn]sf 5g\ . of] xfd|f] nflu klg b"ef{Uo g} xf] .

;a} ;d]l6g ;Sg] ;+efjgf sltsf] b]Vg'x'G5 <
xfd|f] ;a}sf] Pp6} uf]n xf] b]z kmls{g] . To;sf sf/0f o;sf nflu xfdL z/0ffyL{ h;/L ljeflht ePsf 5f}+ oL ;a} Pp6} 7fpFdf ;d]l6g s'g} uf/f] s'/f] 5}g .
;a};Fu a;]/ sfd ug{ uf/f] klg x'G5 Pp6fn] Pp6flt/ tfG5 csf]{n] csf]{lt/ To;}n] ubf{ xfd|f] 8|'s g]zg s+u|];nfO{ klg clnslt cK7]/f] kl//x]sf] 5 . / klg z/0ffyL{x? Ps l9Ssf ePsf v08df xfd|f] k"0f{ ;dy{g /xG5 .

tkfO{x?sf] kf6L{n] klxn] klg e'6fgleq uP/ cfGbf]ng ul/;Sg'ePsf] eGg'eof] ca k'gM leq uP/} cfGbf]ng ug]{ ;+efjgf sltsf] 5 t <
clxn] b'O{ rf/ dlxgf t e"6fgleq uP/ cfGbf]ng ul/xfNg ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . ef/tsf] r'gfjsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ klg xf] . ef/tdf gofF ;/sf/ cfPkl5 / e"6fgdf cfpg nfu]sf] gofF ;+ljwfgnfO{ x]/]/ xfdL e'6fgdf cfGbf]ng ug]{ ;f]rfOdf 5f}+ .

lbNnLdf a;]/ g]kfndf /x]sf] z/0ffyL{x?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{nfO{ cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5 ls 5}g <
cK7]/f] t k/]sf] 5 . To;f] t cfkm\gf] b]zd} a;]/ cfGbf]ng ug'{kg]{ lyof] . b]zaf6 aflx/ lg:sg'g} xfd|f] 7"nf] uNtL eof] . To;f] t xfdL cfkm\gf] v'zLn] t lgl:sPsf x}gf} xfdLnfO{ e"6fgaf6 nv]6]sf] xf] . lbNnLdf hxfF;Dd xfdLn] cfkm\gf] clkm; agfPsf 5f}+ . xfd|f cWoIf /f]ªyf]ª lsGn]nfO{ hxfF;Dd ef/t ;/sf/n] y'g]/ lbNnLb]lv aflx/ hfg glbg' ugf{n] klg xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ w]/} c;/ k/]sf] 5 pxfFnfO{ ef/te/L 3'Dg hfg lbg' xf] eg] klg w]/} g} /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .

pxfFnfO{ ef/tn] lu/km\tf/ lsg u¥of] t <
pxfFnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ug{sf] sf/0f e"6fg ;/sf/sf sf/0fn] xf] . pxfF ;f/rf]kd"nsf] dfG5] ePsfn] pxfF lbNnL cfpFbf pxfF;Fu 6|fen 8s'd]G6 5}g eg]/ pxfFnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] xf] . t/ e"6fgaf6 lbNnL cfpFbf s'g} 6|fen 8s'd]G6 rflx+b}g eGg] s'/f kl5 lbNnLn] ;'wf¥of] / k'gM e"6fgn] pxfFnfO{ klxn] Jofkf/ ubf{ e"6fg ;/sf/af6 C0f n]gb]gsf af/]df bz aL; jif{cl3sf] sfuh e"6fg ;/sf/n] NofP/ pxfFnfO{ clxn] gePsf] d'2f nufO/x]sf] 5 .
h:tf] e"6fgsf] sfg'gdf C0f n]gb]gsf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ Tof] 36gf ePsf] Ps ;ftfleq} e"6fgsf] cbfntdf hfg'kg]{ 5 . aL; ;fn x'Fb} gePsf] s'/f ;/sf/n] rfh{ nufPsf] dfq xf] .

e"6fg / g]kfnaLrsf] jftf{nfO{ s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 <
jftf{ x'g} kg]{ xf] . h'g klxn] jftf{ z'? eof] /fd|} x'Fb} lyof] . Tof] ljufg]{ sfd z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] e"6fg uP/ rf/ ju{df ljeflht u/]/ u/] . of] b'O6f b]z dfq} a;]/ jftf{ u/]/ dfq of] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg] b]lvb}g . g]kfndf cfkm\g} dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eg] csf{sf] b]zsf] ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;S5 . ;d:ofdfly /fd|f];Fu cWoog g} gu/]kl5 s;/L ;d:of ;dfwfg lgsfNg ;S5 Tof] b]zn] <
cem} jftf{ ubf{ klg e"6fg ;/sf/s} nflu kmfObf x'g]b]lvG5 . xfd|f] rfxgf s] 5 eg] t];|f] kIfnfO{ klg lnP/ of] jftf{ ul/g'k5{ .

e"6fgdf klg dfcf]jfbL tfTg yfn]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 lg <
e"6fg eg]sf] Pp6f ;fgf] b]z To;df klg ef/tLo ;}lgsx?;d]t e"6fgleq} 5g\ . g]kfndf h:tf] ;lhnf] 5}g . e"6fgleqsf] hg;+Vof klg Hofb} sd ePsfn] ubf{ Tolt ;lhnf] t 5}g ToxL klg u5'{ eGbf ug}{ g;lsg] eg] xf]Og .

e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x? klg ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sdf k'u]sf 5g\ pgLx?nfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 <
;+;f/sf h'g;'s} s'gfdf k'u] klg pxfFx?n] z/0ffyL{ cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'/\ofpFg'x'g]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . s'g} klg ?kn] hxfF eP klg cfkm\gf] b]z lkmtf{ x'g] s'/fdf pxfFx?sf] ;dy{g clxn];Dd /xFb} cfPsf] kfPsf] 5' / cfpg] lbgdf klg cd]l/sf nufotsf cGo d'n'sdf /x]sf z/0ffyL{ ;fyLx?n] ef]ln cfkm\gf] b]zdf kms{gsf nflu oxfF a;]/ klg g}lts tyf cfly{s ;xof]u ug'{x'g]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 .

z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ g]kfnL ;dfrf/dfWodx?n] s;/L x]/]sf 5g\ eGg] nfU5 <
z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofsf ;DaGwdf g]kfnL ;dfrf/ dfWodx?n] /fd|f] /f]n v]lnlbO/x]sf 5g\ . hxfF;Dd cGo ljb]zL ;dfrf/dfWodx? 5g\ Totflt/ eg] xfd|f] ;d:ofk|lt vf;} rf;f] hfg ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . xfdLn] l7s 7fpFdf uP/ l7s s'/f /fVg ;s]sf 5|}gf} o;n] ubf{ klg xfd|f] cfGbf]ng cufl8 al9/xg ;s]sf] 5}g .
e"6fg ;/sf/n] z/0ffyL{x?sf af/]df aflx/ b]zdf b'Zk|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 .

"b]z k|]d s] xf] k|jf;df a:bf yfxf x'G5"

sl/Zdf
l8;]Da/ !%, @))$

g]kfnsf] rnlrq hutdf em08} 8]9 bzsb]lv pTs[i6 clego u/]/ bz{sx? dfem cfkm\gf] 5ljnfO{ lzv/df k'¥ofpg ;kmn gflosf sl/Zdf dfgGw/ clxn] cd]l/sfdf a:b} cfPsL l5g\ . xfn} pgnfO{ cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] c;fwf/0f k|ltefsf] x}l;otn] oxfFsf] :yfoL a;f]af; ug{ kfpg] lu|g sf8{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . oxL l8;]Da/ !$ df g]kfn kmls{g] tof/L ul//x]sL gflosf sl/Zdf cfkm"n] k'gM cfkm\gf] clego / rnlrq lgdf{0fsf] ofqfnfO{ z'? ug]{ ljrf/ JoQm ul5{g . k|:t't 5 cd]l/sfsf] aflN6df]/df /xg' ePsf kqsf/ s[i0f sF8]nn] g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu gflosf sl/Zdf;Fu ug'{ ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k .

g]kfnLkf]i6M rnlrq ofqf slxn]b]lv z'? ug'{ ePsf] lyof] <
sl/ZdfM k|sfz yfkfsf] ";Gtfg" b]lv d}n] clego ug{ z'? u/]sL lyPF . ljt]sf s/Lj !& jif{;Dd d]/f] clego ofqf cufl8 al9/x\of] . bz{sx?sf] dfof, ;xof]u / ;dy{gn] ubf{ d}n] o;jLrdf ;kmntfsf w]/} l;+9Lx? r9\g ;kmn ePF . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf d}n] s]xL rnlrqx? lgdf{0fsf] sfd klg u/]+ . cj d rnlrq pBf]uaf6 cnu x'g' ;lSbg h:tf] nfU5 .

g]kfnLkf]i6M xfn tkfO{ cd]l/sfdf x'g'x'G5 . o; a;fOdf s] cg'ej xfl;n ug'{ eof] <
sl/ZdfM g]kfndf a;]/ cd]l/sfnfO{ x]g]{ cfFvf / oxfF a;]/ cfkm}+n] u/]sf] jf:tljs hLjgsf] cg'ejjLrdf w]/} cGt/ x'Fbf] /x]5 . jf:tjdf b]z k|]d s] xf] ljb]zdf a:bf yfxf x'G5 . clegosf] kbf{df t w]/} lj5f]8 / ldngsf b'Mv Pj+ v'zLsf cg'ejx? d}n] u/]sL lyPF t/ oxfF a:bf kl/jf/;Fu lj5f]l8Psf] kL8f s:tf] x'Fbf] /x]5 eg]/ yfxf eof] . lgrf]8df eGg' kbf{ Pp6f JolQmut hLjgsf] Jojxfl/s jf:tljstf / kbf{df ;lhPsf] agfj6L hLjgjLrsf] cGt/nfO{ d}n] glhsaf6 s]nfpg] df}sf kfPF . ;fgf] 7"nf] lsg gxf];\ sfdsf] ;jf]{kl/ pTs[i6 ;Ddfg ul/g] o; 7fpFdf sfd gug]{ / s'/f dfq u/]/ ;do sf6\g]x?sf] cl:tTj g/xg] /x]5 . oxfFsf] ;dfhaf6 sfd / ;dosf] dxTj a'em\g] df}sf dnfO{ ldNof] h;sf] sf/0f d cfkm" klg klxnf g]kfn a;]sf] gflosf sl/Zdf h:tf] geP/ c? g]kfnL h:t} ;fwf/0f gful/s sl/Zdf ag]sL 5' .

g]kfnLkf]i6M cd]l/sf a;]/ slt k};f sdfpg' eof] t <
sl/ZdfM vf;df d nfdf] clego ofqfaf6 ysfO{ nfu]/ s]xL ;dosf] nflu a|]s u/f}+ eGg] ;f]r]/ cd]l/sf cfPsL lyPF . t/ kz'kltsf] ofqf l;b|fsf] Jofkf/ eg] h:tf] oxfF u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf a:g d}n] rflx+g / lu|g sf8{sf] k|lqmof rnfPF . of] k|lqmof ;lsg] ;do;Dd d}n] ;do sf6\g] / jfFRg ;Sg] af6f] ug{sf] nflu oxfF sfd klg u/]+ . k};f sdfpg] p2]Zon] cd]l/sf cfPsf] klg xf]Og / To; ;f]rfOn] sfd klg u/]sf] xf]Og . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] d}n] oxfF eGbf g]kfnd} /fd|f] k};f sdfpg ;Sg] lyPF .

g]kfnLkf]i6M kl/jf/af6 6f9f a:bf ;fFlRrs} s:tf] nfUbf] /x]5 <
sl/ZdfM hLjg g} ck"/f] h:tf] . ljb]zdf a:g] ;j}sf] hLjg Ps ;}lgs hLjg h:t} xf] . Ps p2]Zok"/f gx'Gh]n 3/ kmls{g ;ls+b}g . t/ ;fydf s'g} p2]Zo 5 eg] ;do ljtfpg ufx|f] klg kb}{g . d]/f] klgjf/sf] 7"nf] ;xof]u / ;dy{gsf] sf/0fn] d}n] l;g] hutdf w]/} ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;kmn ePF . clxn] 5f]/L / >Ldfg ljgf]bnfO{ d}n] lgs} ld; u/]sf] dx;"; ul//x]sL 5' . t/ s]xL lbgd} e]6\g g]kfn hfg nfu]sf] x'Fbf v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .

g]kfnLkf]i6M g]kfn kms]{kl5 l;g] If]qdf s] ug]{ of]hgf agfpg' ePsf] 5 < s'g} cw'/f sfdx? klg afFsL 5g\ ls <
sl/ZdfM klxnf s]xL ;do cd]l/sf a:g] eg]/} otf nfu]sf] x'Fbf d}n] ;s];Dd cw'/f sfdx? ;s]/ lx+8]sf] lyPF . k'mnsf] y'Fuf eGg] rnlrqsf] eg] s]xL ;'l6ª afFsL lyof], To;nfO{ ;Sg] k|of; ug]{ 5' . cfkm\g} lgdf{0fdf t'?Gt} gofF lkmNd agfpg] ;f]rfO t d}n] u/]sf] 5}g t/ cd]l/sfdf a;]sf g]kfnLx?sf] hLjg k2ltnfO{ d"n syfa:t' agfP/ gofF 6]lnl;l/on lgdf{0fsf] sfd eg] rfF8} z'? ug]{ ;f]rfO{ d}n] agfPsL 5' . d oxfF s] s'/f k|i6 kfg{ rfxG5' eg] c? lgdf{tfx?n] cg'/f]w u/]sf] v08df d clego ug{ tof/ 5' t/ cfkm}n] agfPsf] rnlrqdf eg] d clego ulb{g .

g]kfnLkf]i6M cd]l/sfdf a;]sf c? snfsf/x?nfO{ klg tkfOn] e]6\g' eof] < pgLx? s] ub}{ /x]5g\ t <
sl/ZdfM d}n] oxfF ;/f]h vgfn, hoGtLdfnf vgfn, s[i6L d}gfnL, ;'j0f{hL, ;'lgn pk|]tL, /fhf /fd kf}8]n, ;f/+uf >]i7;Fu e]6]+ . o;} u/L l;g] If]qsf w]/} Sofd]/fDofgx? / 6]lSgl;ogx? klg d}n] e]6]+ . pxfFx? cfcfkm\g} JolQmut l:yltaf6 u'lh|/xg' ePsf] d}n] kfPF . pxfFx? obfsbf oxfF x'g] u/]sf sfo{qmdx?df dfq ;xefuL x'g' ePsf] d}n] kfPF . pxfFx? ;lqmo eP/ sfd ug]{ xf] eg] pxfFx?sf] snfsfl/tf lhpb} 5 . w]/} ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 xf]nf h:tf] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . xfn} ;/f]hhL ;Fu Ps gf6sdf v]Ng]\ df}sf kfPsL lyPF . pxfFn] d]/f] eGbf w]/} g} /fd|f] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ ePsf] b]Vbf pxfFleqsf] snfsfl/tf cem} k|v/ / tfhf /x]5 eGg] cg'e"lt eof] .

g]kfnLkf]i6M Pp6f a]Un} k|;+u-g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] tkfO{sf rnlrqx?nfO{ l;nu9L;Dd cfP/ x]g]{ u/]sf] ;dfrf/ g]kfnL kqklqsfx?df s]xL ;do cl3 k|sflzt x'Fbf l;g] hut ;fy} g]kfnL /fhgLlts If]qdf ;d]t lgs} rlr{t k|;+u ag]sf] lyof] < tkfO{ k|r08hLnfO{ s] eGg rfxg' x'G5 <
sl/ZdfM k|r08hL Pp6f /fhgLlts g]tf x'g'x'G5 t/ Tof] eGbf klg klxn] pxfF Ps g]kfnL gful/s . dflg;sf] hLjgnfO{ dgf]/~hg, ;f}Gbo{, jftfj/0f w]/} s'/fx?n] k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] k|efj k|r08hLdf klg kg'{ c:jefljs xf]Og . of] s'/f ;fFrf] xf] eg] d snfsf/sf] gftfn] bz{ssf] ?kdf k|r08hLnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5', d]/f lkmNdx? dg k/fOlbg' ePsf]df . ;fy} at{dfg ;dodf rfx] ljb]zdf a:g] x'g jf :jb]zdf ;j} g]kfnLsf] rfxgf b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf xf];\ eGg] /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] g]kfnLkf]i6 dfkm{t d ;j} ;Dj4 kIfnfO{ oyfzL3| zflGt sfod u/fpg] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g cg'/f]w ub{5' .

xfdLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] n8fOF :yfoL zflGtsf lgldQ xf

k|jQmf s=s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
l8;]Da/ )^, @))$

kf}if d;fGt;Ddsf] ;do tf]s]/ b]pjf ;/sf/n] tkfO{x?nfO{ jftf{df af]nfPsf] 5 . s] of] l:yltdf tkfO{x? jftf{df hfg ;Sg'x'G5 <
jftf{ eg]sf] /fhg}lts ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lqmof xf] . To;sf] lgldQ ;do;Ldf tf]Sg' eg]sf] t wDsL lbg' jf r]tfjgLsf] efiff xf] . o;sf/0f ;/sf/n] clxn] ;do;Ldf tf]s]/ h'g lsl;dsf] jftf{sf] s'/f ul//x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ xfdLn] r]tfjgL / wDsLsf] ?kdf a'em]sf 5f} . of] OdfGbfl/tf / ulDe/tfk"j{s jftf{ / /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] lgldQ ;f]r]/ NofPs]f k|:tfj h:tf] xfdLnfO{ nfUb}g a? o;sf k5fl8 tyfslyt r'gfj / r'gfjsf] cfj/0fleq o'4sf] wDsL xf] eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f} . To:tf] jftf{df xfdL ;xefuL x'g] k|Zg g} p7\b}g . o;af/] xfd|f] kf6L{sf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08n] jQmJo dfkm{t o:tf] jftf{sf] clknsf] jf:tljstf s] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] hjfkm jftf{df af]nfpg' xfd|f] wDsL xf] lbO;Sg'ePsf] 5 .

s]lx lbg cufl8 dfq} ;/sfsf k|jQmf 8f= df]xDdb df]xl;gn] ;do l;df tf]s]/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Og, of] xfd|f] jfWotf xf] eg]/ eGg' ePsf] 5 t <
g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ lbg] ;jfndf, g]kfndf Pp6f k|hftflGqs k|lqmof jxfnL ug]{ s'/fdf s:tf] jfWotf /x\of] pgnfO{ < ;/sf/ s:sf] jfWotfn] rln/x]sf] 5 < g]kfnL hgtfsf] OR5f / rfxgf cg';f/ rN5 jf c? s'g} s;}sf] jfWotfdf < Tolx+g]/ xfdLn] ;xh} s] cg'dfg ug{ ;S5f} eg] ;/sf/ cfkm} ;Ifd 5}g / cfkm} clwsf/ ;DkGg 5}g . s]xL ug{ sf] nflu p s;}sf] jfWotfdf aflwO{ /x]sf] 5 . of t p b]zleqsf] /fhf / ;}lgs hg/nx?sf] OR5feGbf aflx/ hfg} ;Sb}g, p;sf] cfb]zsf] kfngf ul//x]sf] 5, oft csf]{ j}b]lzs zlQmx? ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbsf] Ozf/fdf p;n] o;f] ul//fv]sf] 5 . of] t p;n] k|i6 kfg'{ k¥of] lg < k|i6 s] 5 t eGbf ;/sf/ cfTdlge{/ eP/ :jtGq eP/ lg0f{o lng ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g . o;sf/0f j}b]lzs zlQm Pp6f ;fd|fHojfb, csf]{ lj:tf/jfbsf] Ozf/f / b]zleq ltgsf] bnfn /fhf / zfxL ;]gfsf hg/nx?sf] Ozf/fdf ;/sf/n] o:tf] sfd ul//fv]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ xfn}sf] jftf{ clkn /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] lglDt ulDe/tfk"j{s / :jtGq 9+un] ul/Psf] lg0f{o geO{ of] t jftf{sf] /fhg}lts cfj/0fdf eo+s/ o'4sf] tof/L cyjf eo+s/ o'4lt/ b]znfO{ 8f]/\ofpg vf]h]sf] emg :ki6 ;+s]t ePg / <

jftf{sf] nflu b]pjf ;/sf/sf] cfX\jfgnfO{ tkfO{x?n] cd"t{ / wlDsk"0f{ eGg] xf] eg] s:tf] vfnsf] jftfj/0f aGof] eg] tkfO{x? jftf{df hfg'x'G5 <
To;nfO{ rflx+ xfdLn] cd'{t lsg eGof} eg] of] jftf{ eg]/ dfq} x'b}g . jftf{sf] lgldQ ulDe/tf, OdfGbfl/tf h?/L s'/f xf] . o;sf] klxnf] kf6f] eg]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ k'/fgf] ;Qfleqsf hlt klg zlQmx? 5g\, g]kfnsf] ljb|f]xL zlQm h;n] gf}+ jif{] o'4af6 k}bf u/]sf] gofF a:t'l:ylt, gofF Pp6f zlQm, o;df :ki6 x'g'k/\of] . o;nfO{ j'‰g] dfdnfdf, o;nfO{ b]Vg] dfdnfdf pgLx?sf] :ki6 b[li6sf]0f x'g'k¥of] . clxn] klg pgLx?n] o;jf/] ls t b[li6sf]0f g} agfPsf 5}gg\, bf]>f] s'/f b[li6sf]0f agfPsfx?sf] klg Ps?ktf 5}g . pgLx? cfkm} aflem/fv]sf 5g\ . csf]{ s'/f rflx g]kfnsf] a:t'l:yltsf] d'NofÍg ug]{ s'/fdf xfdLnfO{ pgLx?n] pN6f] cf/f]k nufO/fv]sf 5g\ .
xfdL eG5f} pgLx? x/]s k|sf/sf] dgf]ut / cTdf/lt ul//fv]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] l:ylt eg]sf] clxn] :ki6t 7"nf] ;+Vof, b]zsf] 7"nf] e'-efu sl/a *)k|ltzt e'-efu g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf gofF hg;Qfåf/f ;~rflnt eO/x]sf] l:ylt xf] . / k'/fgf] ;Qf zx/df v'lDr/x]sf] l:ylt xf] . :ki6tM b'O{j6f ;Qfx? oxfF 5g\ . b'O{j6f ;Qfsf] 4G4 / 6s/fj cfhsf] ljz]iftf xf] . o:tf] l:yltdf of] l:yltnfO{ pgLx?n] cfTdf;fy ug]{ ls gug]{ < ha of] l:yltsf] cfTd;fy ug{ ;S5g eg] dfq s] ug{ ;lsG5 t eGbfv]/L gofF lgsf;sf] 9f]sf v'N5 . Tof] gofF lgsf;sf] lglDt s] x'g] t < /fhg}lts nIo s] x'g] < xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\ cufl8 a9\g] s'/f:ki6t /flv;s]sf 5f} . To;}n] dWo:ystf{sf] ?kdf o:tf] 4}b ;Qfsf] l:yltdf cGt{/fli6"o dWo:ystf{sf] cfjZostf kg]{ elg g} /fv]sf 5f} . o;af/] ;+ljwfg;efåf/f cu|ufld lgsf; ug]{ s'/f / o;sf] lgldQ cGt{/fli6"o dWo:ytf /fVg] s'/fdf ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/ jl/kl/sf kf6L{x? cyjf zlQmx? :ki6 b[li6sf]0fljlxg 5g . ha o:tf] l:ylt x'G5 eg] b[li6sf]0fljlxg cj:yfsf] jftf{ x'G5, Tof] jftf{ cd'{t jftf{ xf] To:tf] cd'{t jftf{sf] s'g} cy{ x'b}g . Tof] xf]xNnf dfq} xf] / To; leqsf] ;f/ cs}{ x'G5 . g xfdLn] o:tf] cd"t{ jftf{ eg]sf xf} . o:tf] cd"t{ jftf{n] jf:tljs cy{sf] jftf{ x'b}g / o:tf] cd"t{ jftf{sf] l;df cjlw tf]Sg' of] wDsL xf], of] r]tfjgL xf] .

tkfO{+x?sf cWoIf k|r08n] oxL d+l;/ !@ ut] hf/L u/]sf] jQmJodf /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] 7f]; cfwf/ / zflGt jftf{sf] s'g} 7f]; jftfj/0f ljgf g} cfx\jfg ul/Psf] of] jftf{sf] clknf cd"t{ / wlDsk'0f{ ePsf] jtfpg'ePsf] 5 . tkfO{x?n] rfxg'ePsf] /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] 7f]; cfwf/ / zflGtjftf{sf] 7f]; jftfj/0f eGgfn] stf O+lut ug{ vf]Hg' ePsf] xf] <
d}n], cl3 g} elg;s] /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] 7f]; cfwf/ jf/] . o;df ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNk csf]{ s]xL klg 5}g . cfh k"/f b]z ;fdGtL clwgfosjfbsf] lj?4df k|hftflGqs u0ftGqsf] wf/df v8fePsf] 5 . jx';+Vos hgtf o; wf/sf] kIfdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . cfGbf]ng/t zlQmx?df klg /fhg}lts kf6L{sf jx';+Vos g]tf / sfo{stf{x?df klg of] wf/ b]lvG5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] rflx+ klxn] b]lv g} of] s'/f p7fpb} klg cfPsf] 5 . To; sf/0fn]u0ftGqsf] Tof] nIo;Dd k'UgnfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efdfq Pp6f ljsNk xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLn] cufl8 ;fb}{ cfPsf 5f} . klxnf] s'/f of] xf] / bf]>f] s'/f jftf{sf] jftfj/0fsf] lgldQM ;]gfsf xs{tx?, b]zJofkL ?kdf /fHo cft+s, xTof lx+;f, s[lqd d'7e]8sf] gfddf hgtfsf] g/;+xf/ cflb s'/fx? /f]lsPsf 5}gg\ . To:t} xfdL dfly nufpg] cf/f]kx? h:tfsf] t:t} 5g\ / c? yk ul/b} 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf gt jftf{sf] jftfj/0flt/ ;/sf/ u+le/ b]lvG5 gt /fhg}lts lgsf;k|lt p;sf] :ki6 b[li6sf]0f 5 . o:tf] ljgf b[li6sf]0fsf] jftf{ x'g] xf]Og / jftf{sf] gfddf o'4sf] tof/L xf] eGg] xfd|f] cWoIf sd/]8sf] egfOsf] ;f/ xf] .

p;f] eP ;/sf/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lglDt / cGt/fli6"o dWo:ytfsf] lglDt tof/ ePg eg] jftf{ gx'g] g} eof] t < ;/sf/n] t h'g;'s} ljifodf klg 6]j'ndf a;]/ 5nkmn ug{ tof/ 5f} elg ;s]sf] 5, To;n] tkfO{x?nfO{ jftf{df hfg ;xof]u ub{}g / <
b]z / hgtfsf] nflu s:tf] /fhg}lts p2]Zo, gf/fn] cyjf sfo{qmdn] ;Djf]wg ug]{ < b]zsf] ;d:ofnfO{ s;/L xn ug]{ eGg] ljifo x/]s zlQmsf] cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0f x'gk¥of] lg, Tof] ;/sf/sf] klg x'g k/\of], x/]s /fhg}lts kf6L{x?sf] klg x'g'k/\of] . Tof] c? /fhg}lts kf6L{nfO{ dfq x]/]/ to ug]{ s'/f xf]Og . b]zsf] l:yltaf/] p ;fFRr} OdflGbf/ 5, ulDe/ 5 eg] xfdLnfO{ kv{g' kb}{g . p;sf] b]z / hgtfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug]{ u/L ;fj{hlgs ?kn] k|ltj4tf cfpg'k¥of] . of] ;/sf/jf6 lsg cfpb}g < To;sf] nflu xfdL ;/sf/df s:tf] cg'xf/sf] ;/sf/ 5 eGg] cfwf/df xfd|f] gLlt tof/ ug]{ xf]OggL / xfdLn] t ;/sf/sf] s:tf] sfo{qmd 5 cyjf /fhg}lts kf6L{n] s:tf] sfo{qmd to u/] eGg] cfwf/df cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] k|ltlqmof lbg] / cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] gLlt agfpg] s'/f xf] . To;sf/0f ;/sf/n] h:tf] ;'s} Ph]08fdf klg jftf{ ug{ tof/ 5f} eg]/ oxf klg cd"t{tf k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . b]z / hgtfsf] lgldQ /fhg}lts lgsf;s]f s'/f ;fj{hlgs ?kdf hgtfsf] cufl8 k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ug]{ s'/f xf] . p;sf] b[li6sf]0f s] t < jftf{åf/f ;d:ofsf] xnsf] b[li6sf]0fsf] s'/f n'sfpg] s'/f xf]Og . afFsL c? s'/f 6]j'ndf uP/ 5nkmn ug]{ s'/f xf] .

clxn] cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] o'4eGbf zflGtnfOg} k|fyldstf lbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGtk|ltsf] efjgfnfO{ oxfFx?n] s;/L ;d]6\g vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 <
xfdL klg TolQs} ulDe/ 5f} . g]kfnL hgtfsf] efjgf rfxgfsf] xfdL plQs} ;Ddfg u5f} . xfdLn] o'4 cfkm\gf] /x/n] u/]sf xf]Ogf} . xfd|f] of] jfWotf xf] . k'/fgf] ;Qf b]z / hgtfk|lt cg'Q/bfoL jg]sf] 5 . p;n] gLlh :jfy{sf] lglDt ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbL lj:tf/jfbL zlQmx?sf] bnfnLsf] lgldQ h'g tLj| ultsf] Pp6f b]z lj/f]wL / hglj/f]wL lqmofsnfk ub}{ u/]sf] 5 o;sf lj?4df n8\g' xfd|f] jfWotf xf] . gnl8 To;nfO{ /f]Sg' cyjf To;nfO{ cGTo ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt g} 5}g . o;sf/0fn] xfdLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] n8fO{ :yfoL zflGtsf lgldQ xf] . of] clGtd o'4 xf] . b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;+rflnt o:tf] o'4 xfd|f] /x/ geP/ jfWotf xf] eGg] s'/f xfdL eGg rfxG5f} .

ca csf]{ ljifo tkm{ nfU5' , s]xL lbg klxn] s}nfnLsf] kf08f]gdf ePsf] le8Gtdf hgd'lQm;]gf tkm{ 7"nf] IfltePsf] eGg] ;/sf/L kIfn] k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5, o; 36gfsf] oyfy{ af/] s]xL atfOlbg' x'G5 ls <
kf08f]gsf] 36gfsf af/]df ;/sf/L ldl8ofn] h'g vfnsf] k|rf/ ul//fv]sf 5g of] k|rf/ z}nL eg]sf] ljutdf ln:g], ufd, ;tjl/ofdf zfxL ;]gfn] h'g k/fho ef]u]sf] lyof] / Tof] k/fhonfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{nfO{ h'g vfnsf] k|rf/z}nL ckgfPsf] lyof] ;f]xL k|rf/z}nL clxn] ckgfO{ /x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf kf08f]gdf p;sf] 7"nf] k/fho / 7"nf] c;kmntf p;sf] xft k/]sf] 5 . of] s;/L ePsf] 5 eg] kf08f}gdf clxn] h'g zlQm zfxL ;]gfsf] uPsf] lyof] To;nfO{ /]Gh/ kmf];{ eGg] u/]sf] 5 . pgLx?s} efiffdf /]Gh/ kmf];{ eg]sf] cTofw'lgs xltof/ ;lxt ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?n] tflnd lbPsf] / ;fljss} zfxL ;]gfsf] zlQm / IfdtfeGbf cln g} a9L zlQm / Ifdtf ePsf] zlQm eGg] 5 . /, o:tf] zlQm;+u xfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] le8Gt eof] . of] le8Gtdf p;n] Hofb} 7"nf] c;kmntf xft k/]sf] 5 . o;df xfd|f] jf:tljs Iflt eg]sf] sDkgL sld;f/ / sDkgL sdf08/ ;lxt (hgfsf] xfd|f] Iflt ePsf] 5 . pgLx?tkm{ pgLx?n] :jLsf/]sf] !)hgf t 5b}5 t/ Tolt dfq geO{ jf:tjdf @%÷@^ hgfeGbf a9L xtfxt ePsf] 5 . ToxL n8fO{df, ToxL le/df k/]/ pgLx?sf] nfz clxn] klg j]kQf 5 eGg] s'/f pgLx?sf] :j/af6 xfdLn] otf yfxf kfO/fv]sf 5f} . Tof] eGbf 7"nf] s'/f s] xf] eg] pgLx?sf] ;fljsdf /x]sf zfxL ;]gf;+u x'g] xltof/ eGbf cfw'lgs vfnsf] nª/]Ghsf] Ifdtf ePsf] Pd-!^, cfw'lgs xltof/ lnP/ uPsf] lyof] . Tof] xltof/x? xfd|f ;fyLx?n] sAhf ug{ ;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 . ^ j6f Pd !^sf cfw'lgs xltof/x? / em08} %xhf/ hlt uf]lnx? xfd|f] sAhfdf cfPsf] 5 . h'g7fpFdf p k'u]sf] 5, ToxfF cfkm\g} ;'/Iffsf nflu x]lnsK6/ k|of]u u/]/ To;sf] jl/kl/ jdjfl/ª u/]/ b]znfO{ 7"nf] o'4sf] ;+1f lbO/fv]sf] 5, jf:tjdf p cfkm\g} ;'/Iffdf nflu /fv]sf] 5 .

To:t} b}n]vdf ePsf] 36gfn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 7"nf] Iflt k'u]sf] eGg] aflx/ ;~rf/dfWoddf cfO/fv]sf] 5 . s] b}n]vsf] 36gfsf] oyfy{jf/] cfd hgtfnfO{ hfgfsf/L u/fOlbg'x'G5 <
b}n]vsf] 36gfsf] ljj/0f / oyfy{ hfFra'em ug{ ToxfFsf] klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08n] 5fgljg 6f]ln g} u7g u/]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f ToxfFsf] tTo ljj/0f rflx 5fgljg sldl6n] h] aflx/ Nofpg]5 ToxL g} tYo x'g]5 . clxn] g} ;a} l/kf]{6 cfO;s]sf] 5}g t/ ToxfF xfd|f] tkm{jf6 s]xL sdhf]/L ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f cfPsf] 5 . Tof] :yfgLo :t/df h'g;'s}, h:tf] ;'s} sfo{stf{n] u/]sf] eP klg To;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kn] sfjf{xL ug{ elg xfd|f] klZrd sdf08sf OGr{fhn] klg k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . t/ s'/f s]xf] eg] To;sf] ;fy;fy} klg ;fdfGo sld sdhf]/L t x'G5g\ g} t/ To;nfO{ cfd ?kdf sdhf]/L jf cfd?kdf uNtL eof] eg]/ s'/f p7fP/ h'g k|rf/ eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] ;To xf]Og . ToxfF o:tf] 36gfnfO{ b'Zdgn] Sof; ug{ vf]h]sf] :ki6} b]lvof] / ;fy;fy} ToxfF zfxL ;]gf / k'ln;sf] pkl:ylt klg b]lvPsf] 5 . xfdL To;sf] ulDe/ cg';Gwfg ub{5f} . s]xL kf6L{x?sf] klg ;DnUgtf xfdLn] e]6fO{ /fv]sf 5f} . xfd|f] lj?4df pgLx?n] h'g lsl;dn] hgtfnfO{ p7fpg], e|ldt kfg]{ / hgtfnfO{ pTt]lht kfg]{ sfd ToxfF eO/fv]sf] 5 . lt tTjx?sf] ;d]t xfdL 5fgljg ub{}5f} .

cfd hg;d'bfon] Tof] 36gfsf] af:tljstfaf/] slxn] yfxf kfpg] xf]nf <
Tof] t'?Gt} yfxf x'G5, ca oxfF 5fgjLg 6f]nL nfUof 5, Tof] 5fgljg 6f]nLn] l5§} ;fj{hlgs u5{ .

ToxfFsf s]xL lzIfsx? cfkm"v'zL k'0f{sflng ePsf] eGg] lbjfs/sf] clkndf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 t/ o;nfO{ ;/sf/L kIfn] hj{hl:t agfPsf] eGg] k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fy} :s'n ;d]t aGb x'g] / ;b/d'sfd hfg] cleofg rn]sf] 5 . o;af/] s]xL elglbg'x'G5 sL <
of] tYo xfd|f] OGrfh{ sd/]8 lbjfs/n] h] eGg' eof] Tof] g} ;To xf] . ToxfF s]xL lzIfsx? / s]xL hgtfsf tkm{af6 klg cfkm'v'zL hgo'4df ;DnUg x'g] k'0f{sfnLg aGg] klqmof t ;w} g} To;}u/L rln/fv]sf] 5 . of] ha{h:tL xf] eGg] s'/f ljNs'n j]l7s xf] . xfdLn] s;}nfO{ klg ha{h:tL k'0f{sflng u/fpg] s'/} cfpb}g / sf]xL klg o:tf lsl;dsf] hj{h:tLn] cfpbf klg cfpb}gg\ . Tof] unt s'/f xf] . Tof] s'/fnfO{ xfdL k'/} v08g u5f} . t/ ca ckx/0fsf s'/f hlt u/L /fv]sf] 5 Tof] h;nfO{ ckx/0f elgPsf] 5 Tof] ckx/0f xf]Og / hgtfnfO{ /fhg}lts sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z x'g\ hgtfdf xfdLn] clkn ug]{ / To:tf] sfo{qmddf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf x'g], lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf x'g] / !÷@lbgsf] sfo{qmd kl5 pgLx? cfkm\gf] sfddf kmls{g] o:tf] tYonfO{ ckx/0f eg]/ h'g k|rf/ ul//fv]sf] 5 of] t ;'lgof]lht vfnsf] / xfdLnfO{ jbgfd u/fpg] vfnsf] k|rf/ dfq} xf] .

tkfO{x?sf] /fhg}lts sfo{qmddf lzIfs hgtf ;a}nfO{ clkn ug'{x'G5 / pxfFx? ;xefuL klg aGg' x'G5 . To;jf6 kms]{kl5 zfxL ;]gfn] Jof/]sdf af]nfP/ lg3f{t s'6\g] u/]sf] 5 . o:t} 36gf Pp6f s] eG5' eg] nDh'ªsf] lzIfsx?nfO{ uf]/vfsf] Jof/]sdf af]nfP/ a];/L s'6]sf] 5 / lzIfsx? uf"p 5f]8]/ zx/lt/ k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ eg] pxfFx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] s] eGg'x'G5 <
af:tjdf, ;/sf/sf] gfËf] x:tIfk eg] s} oxL xf] . pgLx? /fhg}lts ?kn] k|ltsf/ ug{ ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g . jf:tjdf ;/sf/sf] zfxL ;]gf jf ;/sf/sf] c? /fhg}lts kf6L{x? cyjf c? s'g} klg zlQmx? xfd|f] o'4df j}rfl/s / /fhg}lts ?kn] xfd|f] lj?4 cfpg g;Sg] l:ylt eO;s]/ g} pgLx?n] s] ul//fv]sf] 5 eg] o:tf] skf]nsNkLt vfnsf cf/f]k, k|Tof/f]kx? / s[ltd 36gfx? v8f u/]/ jbgfd ug{ vf]lh/fv]]sf 5g\ . Tof] clxn] tkfOn] eGg'eP h:t} 36gfn] klg o;sf] k'li6 u5{ . To;sf/0f cj o;sf] nflu n8\g' eGbf csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . pgLx?sf] o:tf] hg3ftL lqmofsnfksf lj?4df lg/Gt/ n8fOnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'sf] csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfs} sf/0fn] pgLx?n] bdg, cft+s, xTof lx+;fsf sf/0fn] ubf{ sltko lzIfsx? hgtfsf] 5f]/f5f]/Lx? jfWo eP/ hgo'4df 5g\ / cem} a9L nfda4 x'G5g . of] nfdjGbLn] t xfd+|f] o'4nfO{ cem cufl8 a9fpg] dfq ub{5 o;af6 pgLx?sf] abgfd l;jfo s]lx x'g] jfnf 5}g .

ca csf]{ k|Zg sl/j Ps dlxgf cufl8 afUn'ªdf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo g]tf kDkmf e';fnn] ;efnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub]{ Ps dlxgfleq d;fnn] cfTdcfnf]rgf gu/] ef}lts sfjf{xL ul/g]5 eGg' ePsf] 5 eGg] ;'Gg cfPsf] 5 . s] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] gLlt olx xf] t <
ldq zlQmx?nfO{ ef}lts sfjf{xL ug]{ eGg] xfd|f] gLlt xf]Og, ToxfF kDemf e';fnn] s] jf]Ng' eof] Tof] pxfFsf] gLlh larf/ xf] / Tof] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gLlt xf]Og . clxn] d;fn Pstfs]Gb| jf ldqzlQmx? s;}dfly klg ef}lts sfjf{xL jf c? s'g} sfjf{xL ug]{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmd klg 5}g . s]xL 36gfqmdx? 36]sf 5g eGg] ;'Gg cfO/x]sf] 5, tTsfn clxn]nfO{ klg lt 36gfqmdx?sf] jf/]df xfd|f] ulDe/tfk"j{s 5fgjLg ug{ / cfk;L ;xdlt / ;dembf/Lsf] cfwf/df 6'Ëfpg' k5{ eGg] kIfdf g} 5f} . o;af/]df s]xL ;do cufl8 Pstfs]Gb|d;fn / xfd|f] kIfsfaLr Pp6f jftf{ klg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 / Tof] jftf{df ePsf] ;xdltnfO{ xfdL nfu" ug]{ kIfdf g} 5f} . o;nfO{ b[9tfk"j{s nfu" ug{ rfxG5f} . ToxfF 36gfqmdx? h] ePsf 5g ;f] 36gfqmd c;dembf/Ls} sf/0fn] ePsf] 5 tkfOn] eGg' ePh:t} xfd|f] kDkmf e';fnn] ToxL af]Ng' ePsf] eP Tof] rflx xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo gLlt g} xf]Og .

clxn] s]xL ;do cufl8b]lv d;fnn] dfcf]jfbLs]f e08fkmf]/ cleofg ;~rfng ug{] elg/fv]sf] 5 / 7fp" 7fp"df ul//fv]sf] 5 klg, o; ;DjGwdf s] eGg'x'G5 <
/fhg}lts, a}rfl/s e08fkmf]/ xf]; cyjf /fhg}lts j}rfl/s cnf]rgf xfdLnfO{ To;sf] nflu s'g} cfklQ 5}g . Tof] x'gk5{ xfdL klg u5f}{ . o;sf] cy{ b'Zdgsf] cyjf h;;+u xfdL lhjgd/0fsf] ;+3if{ ul//x]sf 5f}, o'4 ul//fv]sf 5f} o;sf] kIfaf6 p;nfO{ pS;fx6 x'g] lsl;dn] p;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg x'g] lsl;dn] cyjf clxn] b]zsf] d'Vo ;d:of sxflg/ xf], d'Vo b'Zdg hgtfsf] s'g xf] o;}nfO g} k|f]T;fxg x'g] lsl;dn] / d2t x'g] lsl;dn] x'g] lqmofsnfkx?sf] xfdL lj/f]w u5f}{ . afFsL :j:y k|sf/sf] cfnf]rgf, :j:y k|sf/sf] lj/f]wx?sf] xfdL :jfut u5f} .

ca csf]{ Pp6f k|;+ult/ Wofg tfGb}5', h:tf] uf}tda'4sf] b]zdf xTof lx+;f x'gx'Gg / oxfF zflGtsf] kIfkflt uf}td j'4 x'g\ t/ g]kfndf xTof lx+;f cToflws a9]sf] 5 eGg] klg cfO/x]sf] 5,o;af/] s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <
o;af/] d s] eGg rfxG5' eg] h'g ;do uf}td a'4n] cfkm\gf] Pp6f /fhsfh Tofu u/]/ 1fg k|flKtsf] Pp6f alnbfg ug'{ eof] oxfF Tof] j]nf Tof] o'usf] Pp6f qmflGt xf] . Tof] j]nfsf] qmflGtsf] :j?k g} To:tf] lyof] . uf}td j'4 olb cfh;Dd afFlr/x]sf eP / eO/x]sf] eP g]kfnsf] xTof, lx+;f, cGofo cTofrf/, zf]if0f, pTkL8gsf oL ;f/f lrh uf}tdj'4n] cfkm\g} cfvfFn] b]v]sf eP ;fob uf}td a'4n] klg hgtfx?nfO{ xltof/ af]Sg clkn uy]{ xf]nfg . ;fdGtL zfifsx?sf jL?4df xltof/ p7fpg] / p;sf lj?4df qmflGt ug{ clkn uy]{xf]nfg\ eGg] d]/f] cg'dfg 5 x} . o; sf/0fn] klg uf}td j'4sf] b]z, uf}tdj'4sf] ;Gb]z Tof] klg ;do ;fk]If x'G5 . h'g j]nf uf}tdj'4n] Pp6f 1fgsf] ;Zn]if0f u/] Tof] j]nf / cfhs]f j]nf km/s 5 . uf}tdj'4sf] Psflt/ gfd lng] / uf}tdj'4sf] cfj/0fdf eo+s/ 7"nf] xToflx+;f t b'Zdgn] dRrfO/fv]sf] 5 . cyjf /fHo;Qfn] dRrfO{ /fv]sf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfn] ul//fv]sf] 5 . pgLx?n] uf}td j'4sf] ;Gb]znfO{ lsg dfGb}gg\ . ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbLx?n] uf}tdj'4sf] ;Gb]z lsg dfGb}gg < /fhf / zfxL ;]gfn] uf}td j'4sf] ;Gb]z lsg dfGb}gg < klxn] t To;n] dfGg' k/\of]gL . To;sf/0f xfdL cGofo cTofrf/sf] lj?4 n8]sf 5f} . uf}tdj'4 oltv]/ eOlbPsf] eP ;fob uf}tdj'4n] klg xTof lx+;fsf] lj?4 k|ltlx+;f u/ eGYo] xf]nfg eGg ;lsG5 .

cGtdf km]/L jftf{sf] k|;+udf hfpm tkfOx?n] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] zlQm hxfF s]Gb|Lt 5 p;};+u dfq jftf{ ug{ tof/ 5f} eGg' ePsf] 5, of] egfOnfO{ Psy/Ln] /fhtGqnfO{ ;+j}wflgs 3]/faf6 aflx/ Nofpg vf]Hg] dfcf]jfbLsf] /0flglt xf] egL egL/fv]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{ tkfOx?n] h'g cGt/fli6"o dWo:ytfsf] s'/f p7fpg'ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] if8oGqk"0f{ s'l6n rfn xf] klg eg]sf 5g\, o;af/] s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <
uPsf] c;f]h ( ut]sf] xfd|f cWoIfsf] jQmJodf o;af/] :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . kbf{ k5fl8af6 jf:tljs zf;g ug]{ zlQmnfO{ xfdL kbf{ aflx/ Nofpg rfxG5f} / b]z / hgtfsf cufl8 pgLx?sf] c;nL cg'xf/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{ rfxG5f} . xfdL jftf{sf] gfddf p;n] ul//x]sf] if8oGqk"0f{ h'g xs{tx? 5g\ Tof] xs{tnfO{ PS:kf]h ug{ rfxG5f} / g]kfnL hgtfsf cufl8 b]vfOlbg rfxG5f} .
ljut b'O{ jif{ cufl8b]lv /fhfn] ckm\gf xftdf zf;g lnP/ leqjf6 zf;g ;Qfsf] ;fFrf] cfkm} rnfO/fv]sf] 5 . /, xfdL klg olx s'/fsf] lj?4df nl8/x]sf 5f} / /fhg}lts kf6L{x? klg nl8/fv]sf 5g\ . Tof] n8fOFnfO{ xfdL cem} dfly p7fOlbg rfxG5f} jf:tljstf of] xf] . bf]>f] s'/f o;sf] nflu klg xfdLn] cGt{/fli6"o dWo:ytfdf jftf{sf] cfjZostf 7fg]sf 5f} . cGt{/fli6"o dWo:ystf{ cfpg'sf] cy{ /fhg}lts x:If]k xf] eGg] a'lemof] eg] Tof] a'emfO{ Psbd} /fhg}lts a'emfO{ xf]Og . cGt/fli6"o dWo:tstf{df xfdLn] o' Pg cyjf s'g} klg dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;:yfsf] s'/f u/L /fv]sf 5f} . To;sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] b]z leqsf] 4G4/t b'O{kIf aLrsf] Joj:yfkg ;xhtf / lg:kIf]tf . lg:kIf / :jR5 5fgjLg, cg'udg ug]{ s'/f dfq xf] . o;df pgLx?sf] cfklQ lsg < o;}df s] b]lvG5 eg] pgLx?s]f kbf{{leq eP+s/ if8oGq 5 / cfkm\gf] s'lgotx?nfO{ yfld/fVg] Pp6f rfnafhL 5 . To;sf/0f xfd|f] cfjZostf s] xf] eg] s'g} klg s'/f hgtfsf cufl8 n's]/ jf l5k]/ ug]{ s'/f x'b}g . clxn] /fhf zfxL ;]gfsf hg/nx? To;f] ul//fv]sf 5g\ . eos+/ cfkm\gf] JolQmut :jfy{sf nflu g]kfnL hgtf / b]znfO{ k'/} jjf{bLlt/ ws]Ngsf] lgldQ kbf{ aflx/ Pp6f cfj/0fdf s;}nfO{ v8f u/]/ cfkm"x?n] zf;g ;Qf rnfpg]] k|lqmofsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ . To;}nfO{ rflx+ kbf{ jflx/ NofP/ e08fkmf]/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] . wGojfb

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-g]skf Pdfn]sf nf]slk|o Pj+ k|efjzfnL g]tf dbg e08f/Lsf] b'Mvb lgwgkl5 pQm kf6L{sf] dxf;lrjdf :yflkt x'g' ePsf dfwj g]kfn !) aif{b]lv nuftf/ clxn];Dd klg ;f]xL kbdf /xFb} cfpg' ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ ljefhg cl3 xf];\ of kl5 pxfFn] k|foh;f] kf6L{leq ax'dtsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] g]t[TjnfO{ :yL/ k|s[ltsf] dflgP klg pxfFnfO{ k"0f{ ;Ifd / zlQmzfnL g]t[Tjstf{sf] ?kdf dfGg eg] kf6L{ k+lQm jf cfd hgdfg; ;xh ?kdf tof/ 5}gg\ . @)%! ;fnsf] cNkdt Pdfn] ;/sf/ nf]slk|o eP klg km]l/ pQm kf6L{nfO{ ultnf] lsl;dn] ;/sf/df k'¥ofpg g;Sg', kf6L{ ljefhg x'g', cGt/kf6L{ dtleGgtf tLj| ?kn] a9\b} hfg', kf6L{sf] cGt//fli6"o 5lj /fd|f] x'gg;Sg', /fhf / cGo zlQm;Fusf] /fhgLlts ;DaGw /IffTds x'g' tyf dfcf]jfbL;Fu j}rfl/s ljho k|fKt ug{ g;Sg' h:tf uDeL/ cf/f]kx?sf] ;fdgf dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfnn] ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . s]xL dlxgf cl3 ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] ;/sf/nfO{ x6fP/ /fhf4f/f z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] k|wfgdlGqTjdf ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 xfn g]skf Pdfn] klg pQm kf6L{sf] ;fem]bf/ ag]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu jftf{ ug]{ Pj+ rfF8} r'gfj u/fpg] zt{sf] ;fydf ;/sf/df Pdfn] ;fd]n ePsf] ePklg xfn jftf{ Pj+ r'gfj u/fpg] b'j} s'/f ;sf/fTds ?kdf cufl8 ga9]sf] ljrf/ g]tf dfwj g]kfnsf] /x]sf] 5 . k|:t't 5 aflN6df]/df /xg' ePsf kqsf/ u'0f/fh n'O6]nn] xfn cd]l/sf e|d0fdf /xg' ePsf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfn;Fu g]kfnL kf]i6 86sdsf nflu ug'{ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k_

n''O6]nM ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] ;/sf/ c;kmn eO;s]kl5 tkfO{+sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ aGg] h:tf] rrf{ klg lyof] . lsg To;f] geP/ tkfO{+x?n] z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ eof] <

dxf;lrjM of] s'/f rrf{ dfq xf]Og jf:tljstf klg xf] . cfd hgdfg;n] klg ca Pdfn]sf] kfnf] cfPsf] 5 . ;a} kf6L{x?sf] sfd x]l/of], Pdfn]sf] klg x]/f}+ eGg] rfxgf /fv]sf lyP eg] xfdL k|ltudgsf] lj/f]wdf /x]sf ;a} kf6Lx? aLrdf klg Pdfn]nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ / /fhfnfO{ ;j{;Ddt gfd lbg];DaGwL ;xdlt ag]sf] lyof] . t/ ha ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] /fhLgfdf lbP To;kl5 s]xL zlQmx?n] Pdfn] lj/f]wL if8oGq z'? u/] . pgLx?n] Pdfn]sf] nf]slk|otfb]lv 8/fP/ o;f] u/]sf x'g eGg] a'em] kl5 xfdLn] Pdfn] g} lsg k|wfgdGqL aGg] t < h'g;s} kf6Lsf] k|wfgdGqL ag]klg k|hftGq hf]ufpg] zt{df xfdLn] ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 eg]/ xfdLn] klxn] cGofok"j{s x6fOPsf b]pjfnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf xf}+ . b]pjfn] w]/} sfd ug{ ;Sb5g\ eg]/ xf]Og ls kf6L{x?sf] cfkm\g} sf/0fn] k|hftGq vt/fdf gk/f];\ eg]/ pgnfO{ xfdLn] ;xof]u u¥of}+ . xfdLn] k|hftGq / l;4fGtsf] ;jfnnfO{ dxTj lbof}+, cfkm\gf] ;jfnnfO{ dxTj lbPgf}+ .

tkfO{x? s]xL sfo{qmd / zt{ ;lxt b]pjf ;/sf/df hfg' ePsf] xf] jf kbLo efuj08fsf] nflu dfq} <

b]pjf ;/sf/ alg ;s]kl5 klg xfdLn] ;/sf/df hfgsf] nflu xtf/ u/]gf}+ . klxnf] s'/f t xfdLn] jt{dfg sfo{;Dkfbg lgodfjnLdf lgs} sldsdhf]/L /x]sf 5g\ To;nfO{ ;RofOof]; eGof}+ . bf];|f] s'/f ;/sf/ s]sf nflu < eGg] ;jfndf Go"gtd\ ;femf sfo{qmdx?df ;xdlt x'g' kb{5 eGof}+ . o; cg'?k $# ;"qLo ;femf Go"gtd\ sfo{qmd kfl/t eof] . o;dWo] zflGt :yfkgf g} clxn]sf] ;a} eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;jfn xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLn] cufl8 ;f¥of}+ . dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu jftf{ x'g'kb{5, o;sf] nflu jftf{nfO{ /fli6"o d'2fsf] ?kdf ;a}sf] ;xdltdf cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdLn] k|fyldstf lbof}+ . of] ;a} s'/f eO;s]kl5 klg Pdfn] ;/sf/df hfg] lg0f{odf k'u]sf] lyPg . t/ ;dy{g ug]{ clg ;/sf/df ghfg] sfd ubf{ kf6L{x?aLrd} c;dembf/L b]lvg] / k|hftfGq lj/f]wLx?nfO{ eGg ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] kl5 xfdL ;/sf/df uPsf xf}+ .

dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu jftf{ u/]/ ;dfwfg lgsfNg ;lsPnf eGg] s'/fdf tkfO{ slQsf] ljZj:t x'g'x'G5 / o;tkm{ s] s:tf] k|of; ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <

o; lbzfdf xfdLn] k|;:t k|of;x? ul//x]sf 5f}+ . tkfO{+x?nfO{ yfxf 5 ls ut ;fn gf]e]Da/ # tfl/ssf lbg d}n] dfcf]jfbLx?sf tLg hgf g]tfx? k|r08, afa'/fd / s[i0f dx/f;Fu ef/tsf] nvgf}df e]6 u/]/ jftf{af6} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf] lyPF . o;sf] nflu d}n] g]skf Pdfn]sf] tkm{af6 gf} ;"qLo k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf] lyPF . To;nfO{ pxfFx?n] ;sf/fTds ?kdf ln+b} o'4af6 xfdL n8fOF lhNg ;Sb}gf}+ eGg] ljrf/ klg /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . otf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 klg lgisif{df k'Ug h?/L 5 ls o'4af6 ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g . o'4af6 kf/nfUb}g eGg] b'j} tkm{af6 ;f]lrPsf] 5 eg] kl5 lsg jftf{ gug]{ < ;/sf/ alg;s] kl5klg d}n] dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?nfO{ Pdfn] ;/sf/df ePsf] cj;/ gu'dfpg af/Daf/ cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5' . t/ pgLx? slxn] tkfO{ k|wfgdGqL aGgf];\ To;kl5 jftf{ u/f}+nf eGg], slxn] Pdfn] ;/sf/af6 x6f];\ clg u/f}+nf eg]h:tf] s'/fx? klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ s]xL ;do cl3 pgLx?n] jftf{s} ;DaGwdf ^ ;"qLo k|Zgx? k7fPsf lyP . xfd|} k|of;df tL k|Zgx?sf] ;sf/fTds pQ/x? ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k7fO;lsPsf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf /fhf, ;/sf/ / ;a} kf6L{x?n] klg jftf{sf] kxn ug{ dnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf x'g . o;df xfd|f] k|of; cem} klg hf/L 5 . d]/f] ljrf/df o'4af6 ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}g, jftf{sf] ljsNk 5}g . s'g} klg kIfnfO{ cem} klg o'4df ljZjf; 5 eg] pgLx?n] n8fOF cufl8 a9fpg ;S5g\ t/ km]l/ klg 3'd]/ jftf{df cfpg} kb{5 . clxn] bz xhf/ dflg;x? dl/;s]sf 5g\ csf]{ bz xhf/ dflg; lsg dfg]{ < To;}n] d cem} klg tkfO{sf] ;+rf/dfWod dfkm{t dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ s] cfx\jfg ug{ rfxG5' eg] cGo lsl;dsf av]8fx? 5fl8lbgf];\, jftf{df cfpgf];\, ;/sf/df xfdL 5f}+, ;/sf/sf cGo kIfx?nfO{ bjfj xfdL lbG5f}+, ;dfwfgdf xfdL nfG5f}+, xfdLn] ;s]gf}+ eg] b'lgofsf] ;fd' egf}+nf ;d:of kmnfgf kmnfgfn] v8f u¥of] eg]/ gªUofpg] sfd u/f}+nf .

tkfO{+x?n] ;/sf/df cfpg' cl3 p7fpg' ePsf] k|ltudg lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng rflx clxn] sxfF k'u]sf] 5 <

clxn]sf] l:yltdf Psflt/ zflGt :yfkgf ug'{ xfd|f] nflu dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] eg] csf]{ lt/ k|ltudgaf6 k|hftGqnfO{ hf]ufpg' / k|hftGqnfO{ cem} bx|f] agfpg] sfd . hgtfsf] lxtdf sfd ug'{, pgLx?nfO{ /fxt / ;x'lnot k|bfg ug'{ klg csf]{ r'gf}ltsf] sfd xf] . clxn] zflGt :yfkgfsf] ;jfnn] cGo ;a} ;jfnx?nfO{ 5fofFdf kf/]sf] 5 . ;a} hgtfsf] rfxgf klg oxL xf] . o;}aLrdf st}af6 k|hftGq} vfg] vfnsf] ultljlw eof] eg] dfq}km]l/ k|ltudg lj/f]wL ljifon] k|fyldstf kfpF5 . t/ clxn] ;/sf/df kf6L{x? ;fd]n eP/ sfd ul//x]sf] x'Fbf zflGtsf] kIfdf sfd x'g' kb{5 .

r'gfj x'g g;s] Pdfn] ;/sf/df ga:g] eg]/ s]xL Pdfn]sf g]tfx?n] eg]sf] klg kfOof] < tkfO{+x? ;fd]n ePsf] ;/sf/n] r'gfj u/fpg ;Snf t <

d]/f] ljrf/df r'gfj eGbf klg klxn] s;/L zflGt sfod ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ ;f]Rg' kb{5 . s'g} k|of; ubf{ klg zflGt :yfkgf x'g ;s]g eg] jf jftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9]g eg] dfq} xfdL r'gfjsf] af/]df km]l/ 5nkmn ug]{ 5f} . clxn] xfdLn] r'gfjnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf 5}gf}+ .

o;kfnL jftf{ x'g ;s]g eg] To;sf] lhDd]bf/L tkfO{x?n] lng] ls glng] <

jftf{sf] c;kmntfn] 3f6f sxfF sxfF x'G5 eGg] ljifodf ;/sf/n] klg ;f]Rg' kb{5 / dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg . d]/f] ljrf/df o;af6 dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ 7"nf] 3f6f x'G5 . csf]{lt/ b]zdf ;}lgsLs/0fsf] ;Defjgf klg a9]/ hfG5 . xltof/ lelqg] qmdnfO{ s;}n] klg /f]Sg ;Sb}g, ;'/Iff ah]6 a9]/ hfG5, ;]gfn] dfu]sf] ah]6nfO{ s;}n] klg /f]Sg ldNb}g . To;}n] o;df xfdLn] lhDd]jf/L lng] ls glng] s'/f eGbf klg ljz]iftM dfcf]jfbLsf] eljiosf] ;jfn hf]l8P/ cfpg ;Sb5 . pgLx?n] ;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] nflu zflGtk"0f{ t/Lsfn] cufl8 a9\g' h?/L /x]sf] 5 .

ljb]zdf a;]sf g]kfnLx? k|lt g]kfnLkf]i6 dfkm{t s]xL ;Gb]z lbg rfxg' x'G5 ls <

k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] cfk;df ;b\efj /fVb} g]kfndf xfn b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? k|lt h;/L rf;f] /fVg' ePsf] 5 To;sf] nflu d pxfFx?nfO{ w]/} wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf ljrf/x?nfO{ ;dGjo u/]/ cGtlqmofut ?kdf ;+;f/el/ k'¥ofpg] sfd ub}{ cfPsf]df d g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sdk|lt xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . tkfO{+x?n] cfkm\gf] dft[e"ldk|ltsf] ;b\efj sfod /fVb} g]kfnL snf, ;+:s[lt, /Llt Pj+ l/jfh hf]ufpg lg/Gt/ k|of; ugf]{; eGg] cg'/f]w klg ug{ rfxG5' .

æ;/sf/df a;]/ To;} r'gfj x'G5 eGg' a]sf/ xf]Æ

k|bLk g]kfn
g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o tyf kf6L{ k|jQmf, cS6f]a/ #!, @))$

-g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:o k|bLk g]kfn xfn cd]l/sf e|d0fdf /xg' ePsf] 5 . s]xL ;docl3 /fhfaf6 z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] k|wfgdlGqTjdf gofF ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 g]skf Pdfn] klg pQm ;/sf/df ;fd]n /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . g]skf Pdfn]sf k|jQmf ;d]t /xg' ePsf g]kfn tLvf] sndsf kf/vL klg x'g'x'G5 . k|:t't 5 xfn} pxfF;Fu d]l/Nof08l:yt aflN6df]/df /xg'ePsf kqsf/ u'0f/fh n'O6]nn] g]kfnLkf]i6sf nflu ug'{ ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k_

tkfO{sf] o; k6ssf] cd]l/sf e|d0fsf] p2]Zoaf/]df s]xL k|i6 kfl/lbg' x'G5 ls <

o;df b'O{ j6f sf/0fx? lyof] . Ps t d]/f] cfkm\g} :jf:Yo k/LIf0f / csf]{ rflx+ ;/sf/L k|ltlglwTjsf] l;nl;nf . s]xL ;docl3 d]/f] 6fpsf]sf] ck/];g ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] s]xL k|lqmof afFsL /x]sf]n] oxfF Tof] ;DkGg ug]{ sfd u/]+ . csf]{ sfd rflx+ xfn ;/sf/df k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf ;a} kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf Ps Ps k|ltlglw k7fpg] lg0f{o eP adf]lhd d Pdfn]sf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] lyP+ . pQm ;efdf ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf k//fi6" /fHo dGqL 8f= k|sfzz/0f dxtn] ljleGg s'/fx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] d}n] hghfktx?sf] l:ylt / ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] af/]df af]n]sf] lyPF . o:t} ljZjsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] l:ylt ;DjGwdf klg pQm ;efdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] ;ef ;DkGg ePkl5 d}n] af]i6g, Go"of]s{ / aflN6df]/df g]kfnLx?sf] sfo{qmddf efu lnP/ pgLx?sf wf/0ffx? a'em\g] df}sf kfPF .

b]zdf n8fOF / emu8f ePsf] a]nf ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3df tkfOn] e]6]sf ;+;f/sf ljleGg d'n'ssf s"6gLlt1x?n] g]kfnk|lt s] s:tf] rf;f] / ljrf/ /fv]sf] kfpg' eof] <

o;af/]df Toxf+ cf}krfl/s s'/fsfgL s]xL klg x'g ;s]g . t/ hf] d'n'sx? xfd|f] h:tf] lx+;f / cft+ssf] jftfj/0faf6 u'lh|Psf lyP tL d'n'ssf k|ltlglwx?n] eg] b]zsf] ;d;fdlos ;d:ofsf af/]df s]xL ;f]w]sf lyP .

g]kfndf h;/L eP klg zflGt :yfkgf x'g' kb{5 eGg] rfxgf b]z / ljb]zdf ;d]t /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] /x]sf] ;Gbe{df tkfO{x? ;d]t ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePkl5 s] s:tf] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 <

xf], d}n] klg s] dx;"; u/]+ eg] g]kfndf h:t} oxfF cd]l/sfdf a;]sf g]kfnLx? klg zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fdf lgs} lrlGtt /x]5g\ . x'g t xfdLx? b]zdf k|ltudg lj?4sf] n8fO{df nflu /x]sf ePklg ;a} hgtfsf] rfxgf zflGt g} /x]sf] x'Fbf xfdLn] o;nfO{ d"n ljifo agfP/ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'Fbf g} b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstfk"j{s p7fPsf lyof}+ / o;} cg'?k xfn ;a} kf6L{sf] ;femf sfo{qmddf klg of] Ph]08f k/]sf] 5 . clxn] b]zdf zflGt :yfkgfsf] k|lqmofaf/]df 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5 t/ of] w]/} ;':t 5 . ;':t ePs} sf/0fn] kf6L{x? ljz]iftM ;/sf/df ;fd]n kf6L{x?sf] jLrdf 4G4 rln/x]sf] 5 . of] 4G4 cem};Dd klg ldqjt g} /x]sf] x'Fbf o;nfO{ d}n] ;sf/fTds ?kdf g} x]/]sf] 5' . zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ sfd s5'jfsf] h:t} ;':t ultdf rln/x]sf] ePklg clGtddf s5'jfsf] ljho x'G5 eGg] cfzf d}n] lnPsf] 5' .

Pdfn] ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePkl5 dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ k|lqmof b|'t ultdf cl3 a9\nf eGg] cg'dfg klg sltkon] u/]sf lyP, t/ vf;} s]xL ePh:tf] t b]lv+b}g lg <

clxn] d lgisif{ ;lxtsf] lg0f{o s]xL klg ;'gfpg ;lSbg . b]pjf ;/sf/ slxn] ag]sf] lyof] eGg' eGbf klg xfdL ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf] ev{/ ;o lbg sf6]sf] 5 . ;o lbgdf hltsfd ePsf] 5 To;df d klg ;Gt'i6 5}g . xfn ;Dddf zflGt ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . o;df ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf kf6L{x?af6 Ps Ps ;Nnfxsf/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] >L % sf] k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf 8f= df]xDdb df]xl;g /xg' ePsf] . o; aLrdf yf]/} sfd ePsf] 5 eGg kfOG5 t/ sfd} ePsf] 5}g eGg kfOb}g . jftf{ s;/L x'g' kb{5 eGg]af/]df ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf kf6L{x?aLrd} dtleGgtf /x]sf] 5 . hxfF ;Dd g]skf Pdfn]sf] s'/f 5, xfdL ;j} gful/s ;+3 ;+u7gx? h:tf] ls af/ P;f]l;P;g, kqsf/ dxf;+3, u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 h:tf ;+:yfx?sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf / dWo:ytfdf jftf{ x'g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /fVb5f}+ .

s] o; ;/sf/nfO{ klg sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k"/f gePsf]n] l56f] sfd ug{ g;s]sf] t x}g <

xfdLn] k|ltudgsf] lj?4df olt 7"nf] cfGbf]ng u¥of}+ ls h'g @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng eGbf klg 7"nf] lyof] . t/ klg of] cfGbf]ngsf] vf;} k|efj /fhfdfly k/]g . a? /fhfn] Ps kfOnf k5fl8 ;/]/ z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] sfd u/] . /fhf Ps kfOnf] k5fl8 ;/]sf] a]nfdf xfdLn] klg ;/sf/ leq 3';k}7 u/]/} cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] k|of; u/]sf 5f}+ . klxn]sf yfkf jf rGb ;/sf/ eGbf of] ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] sfd ug{ w]/} :jtGq 5 . of] ;/sf/ l;4fGt / Jojxf/ b'j}af6 clwsf/ ;DkGg 5 eGg] s'/f s]af6 klg b]lvG5 eg] o; ;/sf/df lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efsf ax'dt ;b:o/x]sf kf6L{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 / Jojxf/df eGg] xf] eg] o;n] /fhfnfO{ klg zflGt jftf{sf] z'? ug{ /fhL u/fPsf] 5 . o; ;/sf/n] lgsfn]sf] lgrf]8nfO{ /fhfn] klg :jLsfg]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] 5 .

tkfO{+x? Psflt/ k|ltudgsf] vt/f b]vfpb} o;sf] lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng ug]{ s'/f ug'{ x'G5 eg] csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xsf] lj?4df plqg] jf zflGt jftf{ ug]{ s'/f < cflv/ d'Vo ljifo rflx+ s]nfO{ dfGg' x'G5 t <

b'j} kIf clt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . t/ klg ;j} g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf zflGt sfod ug]{ tkm{ /x]sf] / o; lbzfdf /fhfsf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g klg plQs} h?/L ePsf]n] xfdLn] zflGt jftf{nfO{ k|fyldstf lb'g kb{5 . ;/sf/ / ;j} kf6L{x?n] klg of] s'/fnfO{ :jfut / ;dy{g u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;d:ofsf] cGt/j:t'nfO{ x]bf{ dfcf]afbLsf dfux?nfO{ vfnL /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0faf6 dfq x]l/g' x'+b}g . pgLx?sf] ;}4flGts k|ltj4tfnfO{ ufnL ug'{ x'+b}g . l;4fGt pgLx?n] h] klg dfGq ;Sb5g\ . xfd|f] cfklQ eg]sf] pgLx?sf] lx+;frf/ dfq} xf] . pgLx?n] u0ftGqsf] dfu p7fP eg]/ jf dfcf]T;]t'ª lhGbfafb eg] eg]/ lj/f]w ug]{ xf]Og . pgLx?n] u/]sf lx+;frf/ jf cGo s'/fx?nfO{ ;dfhsf ljleGg If]q ju{;Dd k'¥ofpg] sfd xfdLn] ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy} dfcf]afbLx?nfO{ ;/sf/df cfpgsf] nflu xfdLn] af/af/ cg'/f]w ub}{ pgLx?sf dfux? k"/f ug]{ k|ltj4tf klg hfx]/ ug'{ kb{5 . rfx]sf] v08df pgLx?sf dfux? k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 . cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g ug]{, To; a]nf;Dddf xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] kxndf ug]{ / hg;+u7gx?sf] ;d]t pkl:yltdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng ug{' kb{5 . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng ul/;s]kl5 To;}af6 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljifodf klg lgrf]8 lgl:sg ;Sb5 . clxn] b]zdf k|fo ;a} kf6L{x? ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljkIfdf 5}gg\ . clxn] /fhfsf] s'/f k|ltudg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLsf] kIf lx+/f;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . oL b'j} kIf;Fu aGb"ssf] zlQm /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf oL b'j} kIfsf] aGb"snfO{ zflGtsf] bjfjdf lgx'¥ofpg ;Sg' kb{5 .

csf]{lt/ clxn] klg rf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] ;8s cfGbf]ng t hf/L g} /fv]sf 5g\ lg <

xfdL ;/sf/df uof}+ eGb}df ca ;8s cfGbf]ng ug}+{ x'Fb}g eGg] xf]Og . lj/f]w ug]{n] lj/f]w ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . lj/f]w ug]{ kf6L{x?dfly xfdLn] bdg ug]{ sfd ug'{ x'Fb}g . pgLx?n] klg d'Vo d'2fsf] ?kdf dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ g} p7fPsf] kfOG5 .

zflGt sfod ug]{ lbzfdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf cWoIf k|r08n] xfn} k7fPsf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm gk7fPsf] jf :t/eGbf tnaf6 kqfrf/ u/]sf] eGg] ;'lgPsf] 5 . jf:tljstf s] xf]nf <

xf], k|r08hLn] k|Zgx? k7fpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] pQ/ zflGt ;ldltn] ;/sf/nfO{ lbof] / ;/sf/sf] k|jQmfsf] gftfn] 8f= df]xl;gn] To;sf] pQ/x? k7fpg' ePsf] 5 / pgLx? o;df ;f]lr/x]sf x'g ;Sb5g .

Psflt/ zflGt jftf{ ub}{ hfg] csf]{lt/ r'gfjsf] s'/f klg ub}{ hfg] sfd clxn] ;/sf/n] ub}{ /x]sf] 5 . s] b]zdf rf+8} zflGt sfod x'g] jf r'gfj ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5 t <

zflGt jftf{ cufl8 a9]g / b'j} tkm{sf] xltof/sf] plrt ;dfof]hg ePg eg] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf r'gfj x'g] ;Defjgf d}n] b]lVbg . ;/sf/df a;]/ To;} r'gfj x'G5 eGg' a]sf/ xf] .

Ps /fhgLlts ljZn]ifs, n]vs Pj+ Pdfn]sf] zlQmzfnL g]tfsf] gftfn] eGg' kbf{ clxn] b]zdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] jt{dfg w/ftn tkfO{++n] s:tf] b]Vg' x'G5 <

clxn] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] hgfwf/ w]/} g} sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 / xltof/ dfq} ;jf]{kl/ h:tf] ePsf] 5 . pgLx?n] hg;efx?df aGb's b]vfP/, ckx/0f u/]/ dflg;x? e]nf ug]{ u/]af6 of] k|i6 x'G5 . csf]{ s'/f n8fOF / xltof/sf] v]n cj slt ul//xg] eGg] vfnsf] lg/f;fsf] jftfj/0f klg pgLx?df 5fPsf] 5 . pgLx?sf ljleGg sld6Lsf g]tfx?n] cfkm}+df lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ s'/fx? af]ln/x]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L cGt//fli6"o bjfj klg pgLx?n] ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx? jftf{df cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf d}n] e]/} b]v]sf] 5' .

cGTodf cd]l/sfaf;L g]kfnLx?nfO{ s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <

d cd]l/sf dfq xf]Og a]nfot nufot ;+;f/sf cGo d'n'sx?df a;f]af; u/]sf g]kfnL bfh'efO lbbL alxgLx?nfO{ s] cg'/f]w ug{ rfxG5' eg] pxfFx?n] ;+ul7t eP/ cfkm\g} vfnsf] ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0f ug'{ kb{5 / ToxfFsf] d'n's;Fu cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf] ?kdf dfGotf lbnfpg n8\g' kb{5 . gq cfkm\gf] gfd / klxrfg sfod /fVg ufx|f] kg{ ;Sb5 .

zflGtjftf{ x'g ;s]g eg] xfdL kmflng] x}g b]z kmflnG5

pkk|wfgdGqL tyf cy{dGqL e/tdf]xg clwsf/L
cS6f]a/ (, @))$

-pkk|wfgdGqL tyf cy{dGqL e/tdf]xg clwsf/L s]xL lbg cl3 ljZja}+s tyf cGt/f{li6|o d'b|fsf]ifsf] Ps j}7sdf efu lng cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df g]kfnLkf]i6 86sdsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]nn] 8L;Ll:yt /fhb"t lgjf;df g]kfn kms{g] lbg a'waf/ lbpF;f] ug'{ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k ._

tkfO{ cfhef]ln jftf{sf nflu cgf}krfl/s jftf{ z'? u/f}+ eGg yfNg'ePsf] 5, lsg / cgf}krfl/s jftf{ t eO/x]s} 5 lg x}g / h:tf] tkfO{+s} dxf;lrj nufot lul/hfafa', z]/axfb'/hL ;a}n] dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu e]6 u/]s} xf] lg To:tf] jftf{ s]sf nflu rflxof] clxn] <

klxn] ljleGg kf6Lsf g]tfx?n] dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?;Fu kf6L:t/df s'/fsfgL ug'{ eof] Tof] /fd|f] xf] . To;n] klg s'/fsfgL ug]{ jftfj/0f agfPsf] 5 . d]/f] egfO s] xf] eg] /fHo / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] cgf}krfl/s jftf{ z'? x'g'k/\of] eGg] xf] . o;sf] dtnj dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf k|ltlglw tf]Sg], ;/sf/n] klg k|ltlglw tf]Sg] xfdL uf]Ko jftf{af6 jftf{ z'? u/f}+ . o;sf nflu k|wfgdGqLn] klg b'O{ tLg k6s elg;Sg'eof] .
Tof] eof] eg] jftf{ s'g ?kdf z'? ug{] xf] To;sf nflu ;lhnf] x'G5 . jftf{ tLg dlxgfkl5 g} u/] klg of] of] ljifodf jftf{ ug]{, of] ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ eGg] x'G5 . jftf{sf] k|lqmof Pp6fdfq 5}g .
clxn]sf] xfd|f] cg'ejaf6 s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] klxnf] / bf];|f] jftf{ ;kmn ePg Tof] jft{fsf pHofnf]kIf klg 5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ sdhf]/L kIf klg 5g\ . Tof] ;a}sf] cg'ejaf6 xfdLnfO{ s] nfu]sf] 5 eg] clxn] z'?df cgf}krfl/s ?kdf jftf{ u/f}+ . b'O{6} /fHo / dfcf]jfbL k|ltlglwx? a;]/ jftf{sf k[i7e"ld tof/ ug{ jftf{ u/f}+ . To;n] jftf{nfO{ s'g r/0fn] n}hfg] eGg] s'/f x'g ;S5 . of] jftf{sf] :t/ s;/L x'G5 . klxnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df xfdLn] s]df ug{ ;lsG5 .
oL ;a} s'/fsf] klg to ug{ aFfsL 5 . cgf}krfl/s jftf{af6} jftf{ z'? xf];\ eGg] 5 .
clxn] xfdLn] jftf{sf] z'?cftsf] ;+s]t lbg ;Sof+} eg] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ ca Pscsf{sf] /ut ufpg] dfq x}g ca jftf{sf ;Defjgfx? s]nfpg z'? u/] eGgf;fy g]kfnL hgtf / cGt/f{li6|o hutdf ;d]t ljZjf;sf] nx/ hfU5 . dnfO{ ljZj a}+sn] eGof] . tkfO{+x? jftf{ z'? ug'{xf];\ o'/f]lkog b]zx? tkfO{+x?sf] b]z ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ nfOgdf a;]sf 5g\ . o'4n] gf]S;fg ePsf 7fpFsf nflu klg pgLx? ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5g\ . o;n] gofF dfxf]n v8f x'g ;S5 . jftf{ / zflGtsf] kIfdf hf]8bf/ jftfj/0f aGg ;S5 .
cf}krfl/s jftf{n] dfcf]jfbL / /fHonfO{ Psfcsf{dfly a'em\g] / ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f aGg ;S5 . jftf{ ljyf]Ng vf]Hg] h;n] dfcf]jfbL / /fHoaLr jftf{ gxf];\ eGg]x?5g\ tL tTjx?sf] if8oGqnfO{ ljkmn kfg{ ;d]t d}n] of] s'/f u/]sf] xf] . To:tf tTjx? b]z leq klg 5g\ / aflx/ klg 5g\ .
To;sf/0f xfdL z'?df u+eL/ of]hgf hfg ;Sb}gf} eg] Tof] hfgsf nflu s'/f t ug{ ;S5f}+ .
jftf{ ubf{ s] s] s'/f km/s 5 Tof] vf]Hg] a]nf x}g . clxn] eg]sf] ;xdlt s]s]df x'G5 To;df cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . To:tf] cj:yf k/]sf] x'gfn] cgf}krfl/s jftf{df hf]8 lbPsf] x'F .

jftf{ ljyf]Ng aflx/L zlQm lelq zlQm eGg'eof] tL tTj sf] xf]nfg\ t <

h;n] jftf{sf] lj/f]w u5{ ltg} tTj x'g\ . lsgeg] clxn]sf] a]nf dfcf]jfbL, zflGt / ;'/Iffsf] ;d:of slt h]lnof] eg] o;df b]z leqsf zlQm t d'l5P d'l5P xfdL ;/sf/ d'l5Psf] 5 g]kfnleqsf ;a} vfn] /fhgLlts bnx?, dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?, gful/s ;dfh, /fhf, ;]gf, k'ln; ;a} d'l5Psf 5g\ . ef/t, o'/f]lkog o'lgog, /fi6|;+3, rLg nufot ;a} d'l5Psf 5g\ . of] ;d:of olt h]lnPsf] 5 ls w]/} dfG5] d'l5b} uP . oL d'l5Psfsf] ;xof]u lagf klg jftf{ ;kmn x'Fb}g . oL ;a}nfO{ lrQ a'emfpg] lsl;dn] jftf{ cufl8 a9fpg'k/\of] .
clxn] ef/tsf] ;xof]u glnO{ jft{f a9\b}g, To:t} /fhfsf] ;xof]u glnO{ jftf{ cufl8 g} a9\b}g of] jftf{nfO{ ;kmn agfpg oL ;a}sf] ;xof]u rflxPsf] 5 . of] ;fdfGo 3fp nfu]sf] x}g of] 7"nf] 3fp nfu]sf] 5 . bz xhf/eGbf a9L dfG5] dl/;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdLnfO{ ;do nfU5 To;}n] qmlds ?kdf xfdLn] Ps Ps kfOnf u/]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ .
cgf}krfl/s jftf{ z'? ul/sg qmlds ?kdf jftf{ cufl8 a9fpg' clxn]sf] a]nf a'l4dfgL x'G5 .

jftf{sf] ljkIfdf t sf]xL klg b]lvb}g t/ lsg jftf{ cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf] b]lvb}g t <

jftf{sf] ljkIfdf dfG5] 5}g eGg] s'/f x}g . eGg] Pp6f Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{ csf]{ s'/f ePsf] 5 . jftf{sf] ljkIfdf b]zleq / b]z aflx/ /x]sf g]kfnL hflt, g]kfnL /fi6|sf] s'enf] rfxg] x}sdjfbL ljb]zL tTjx? g]kfndf jftf{ gxf];\ / g]kfn ckmuflg:tfg x'g hfcf];\ eGg]x? xTof l+x+;fsf] ;f}bf ug{ nfu]sf 5g\ .
jftf{ gx'g'sf] csf]{ sf/0f lxlRsrfx6 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjn] klg clxn] qmlds ?kdf cfkm\gf] :6]k r]Gh ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
klxn] dfcf]jfbLx?n] /fhfsf] gf]s/;Fu jftf{ gug]{ eg] eGg]x?n] clxn] cfkm\gf] x}l;ot b]vf elg/x]sf 5g\ . o; k|sf/ dfcf]jfbLx?sf] g]t[Tjdf jftf{sf] ljsNk 5}g . dfcf]jfbLsf] dflyNnf] g]t[TjnfO{ yfxf yfxf 5, xfd|f] jftf{ afx]s ;]km Nofl08ª 5}g . xfd|f] cl:tTj sfdo /fVg jftf{df hfg'k5{ of k"0f{ ljgf;df hfg'k5{ eGg] pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ kl/jt{g ub}{ uPsf] d}n] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' .
t/, cf7 gf} jif{sf] cfGbf]ngn] ubf{ pgLx?sf cfkm\gf slnssf sf/0fn] klg hlt u+eL/tfk"j{s cufl8 cfpg'kg]{ xf] cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
/fHosf] klg Tof] lxrlsrfx6 5 . of] a]nf jftf{sf] hlt kmf];{km"n cfPsf] 5 Tof] eGbf klxn] ePsf] lyPg . o:t} sf/0fn] klg jftf{df l9nfO eO/x]sf] 5 . cflv/ jftf{ x'G5 jftf{sf] s'g} ljsNk 5}g .

tkfO{+x?nfO{ /fhfn] /fVbf /flvg] km\ofFSbf km\ofFlsg] jf:jtd} dfcf]jfbLn] eg] h:t} /fhfsf gf]s/ eGbf s] x}l;ot 5 clxn] tkfO{+x?sf] <

lgo'lQm ubf{ clxn] xfdL ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& adf]lhd g} xfdL lgo'lQm ePsf xf}+ Tof] oyfy{tf xf] . t/ xfdLnfO{ /fhgLlts ?kdf x]g'{k/\of] . /fhgLlts ?kdf x]bf{ %( ;fn c;f]h !* ut] /fhfn] nf]s]Gb| axfb'/nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfP . jf ;"o{axfb'/nfO{ agfP . of] To:t} ;/sf/ x}g . lsgeg] of] ;/sf/ s;n] agfof] eGbf, rf/j6f kf6L{n] ldn]/ agfPsf] ;/sf/ xf] . ;/sf/ agfpg'cl3 $# a'Fb] Go'gtd sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/\of] . Tof] ;femf sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ xfdL rf/} kf6L{sf k|d'v g]tfn] x:tfIf/ ug'{eof] . Tof] sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ ag]sf] 5 . of] ;/sf/ agfof] s;n] eGbf rf/j6f kf6Ln] agfof] .
dnfO{ pkk|wfgdGqL /fhfn] agfPsf] klg x}g . z]/axfb'/n] agfPsf] klg x}g . rf/j6f kf6Ln] agfPsf] xf] . dnfO{ Pdfn]n] rog u/]/ k7fPsf] xf] . dnfO{ /fhfn] of z]/axfb'/n] agfPsf] egL e|d glnP x'G5 .

tkfO{+ s;/L eGg'x'G5 ls ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& af6 nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ aGbf r} /fhfn] agfPsf] ToxL wf/faf6 cfkm" aGbf r}+ /fhfn] agfPsf] x}g eg]/ <

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& sf] ljsNkdf ;/sf/ aGg] ;+efjgf lyPg . t/ xfdL /fhgLlts dfG5] ePsfn] /fhgLlts ljZn]if0f u/]/ lx8f}g . xfdL hlt klg 5f}+ ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts bnn] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;/sf/df k7fPsf] xf] . cfGbf]ngdf nflu/x]sf] g]tfnfO{ /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL agfPsf x'g\ . Tof] g]tfn] xfdL rf/kf6L;Fu s'/f u/]/ ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ agfpF eg]kl5 of] ;/sf/ ag]sf] xf] . /fhgLlts oyfy{tfnfO{ t lng ;Sg'k/\of] lg . ;/sf/n] u/]sf] zflGtsf] kxnk|lt cd]l/sg ;/sf/sf] klg ;dy{g x'G5 eg]/ cd]l/sfdf ;d]t dl;tsf] s'/fsfgLdf oxfFsf clwsf/Lx?n] eg+] .

x}g ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] kfndf klg t tkfO+{nfO{ af]nfPsf] t xf] lg tkfO{+x? hfg'ePsf] eP ToxFf klg kf6Ls} ;/sf/ eOxfNYof] xf]nf lg <

;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] x}l;ot s] lyof] eg] pxfF /fli6|o k|hftGq kf6L{af6 kf6Lsf] g]t[Tj u/]/ hfg'ePsf] x}g . clxn] t cfGbf]ngdf nflu/x]sf] g]tfnfO{ /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL agfP . Tof] g]tfn] lul/hfafa', g]dlskf ;a} ;Fu s'/f u/]sf] xf] pxfFx? cfpg'ePg . of] /fhgLlts oyfy{tfnfO{ :jLsfg'{k/\of] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/fsf] nls/kmls/ gxf]cf}+ .
clxn] ;+;b gePsf] a]nf /fhgLlts ?kdf x]g'{k/\of] . of] ;/sf/nfO{ ljb]zL /fi6|n] klg ;dy{g u/]sf 5g\ .

nf]s]Gb|sf] ;/sf/nfO{ cfkm"eGbf km/s xf] eg]/ sltlbg hgtfnfO{ 5f/f] xfNg'x'G5 tkfO{x? <

x}g nf]s]Gb|hLsf] ;/sf/sf] g ;dfpg] g s]xL cfwf/ lyof] Tof] t 3fdh:t} 5n{ª 5 lg . xfdL s] 5f}+ eg] kf6Ln] lg0f{o u/]/ dfG5] k7fO/x]sf] 5 . dnfO{ /fhfn] agfPsf] x}g . hf]ud]x/nfO{ /fk|kfn] agfPsf] xf] . clxn] kf6Ln] agfPsf] /fhgLlts oyfy{tfnfO{ OGsf/ ul/lbg] < nf]s]Gb|hLsf] kfnfdf l6k]/ dGqL agfOPsf] lyof] t/ clxn] Tof] x}g .

h:tf] d]fxdb df]xl;gnfO{ s;n] agfof] <

pxfFnfO{ s'g} kf6Lsf] tkm{af6 x}g k|wfgdGqLn] :jtGq a'l4hLjLsf] tkm{af6 lnPsf] xf] .

tkfO{x? cGo /fhgLlts bnx?;Fusf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ 5f8]/ /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu ;/sf/df uPsf] eGg'eof] v} t oltsf lbg;Dd s] lgsf; lbg'eof] t <

xfdLn] cfGbf]ng u/\of}+ . cfGbf]ng ubf{ xfdLn] xfd|f] sfo{qmd k]z u/\of}+ . To;df cu|ufdL lgsf;sf s'/f Nofof} . xfdLn] s] eGof}+ eg] clxn] ;+;b gePsf] a]nf /fli6|o dfGotf kfPsf /fhgLlts kf6Lx?sf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfgdGqL agfOof];\ / To;n] dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ug]{ eGg] lyof] . xfd|f] cfGbf]ngn] l7s af6f] lnof] . /fhfsf] c;kmntf klg b]lvof] . nf]s]Gb| tyf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] k|of]u c;kmn ePkl5 /fhfn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ cfXjfg u/] t/ xf] cfXjfg u/]sf] tl/sf ldn]g Tof] cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf 5 . t/ /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL lbgf];\ eg]/ ;a} kf6LnfO{ elgof] . xfdLn] kfFr kf6LnfO{ eGof}, k|wfgdGqLsf] gfd lnof}+ . ;a} kfFr kf6Ln] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf ul/;s]sf] s'/f s] lyof] eg] kfFr kf6Lsf tkm{af6 g]skf Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfnsf] gfd l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] lyof] . lul/hfafa' nufot ;a}n] eg]sf] xf] . gfd lbg hfg] a]nfdf nf]enfe a9fof] . lul/hfafa'n] eGg yfNg'eof], x}g dfwjhLn] ljrf/ k'/\ofpg'k5{, u+eL/ x'g'k5{, clxn] t cln k'/fgf] cg'ejLnfO{ lbg'k5{ egL 3'dfP/ cfkm\g} gfd eGg] sf]lz; ug'{eof] . pxfFx?n] gfd lbg] clGtd lbgdf klg g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] gfd eGg dfGg'ePg . xfdLn] eGof+}, tkfO+{x? g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] gfd lbg rfxg'x'Gg n l7s} 5 xfdL afx]ssf] gfd n]vf}+ gt k7fOlbpF eGbf x}g klZrd 9f]sf sxfF hfg] eGg'eof] . cflv/ klZrd 9f]sf lsg hfg'k/\of], /fhfl;t t ;a}n] e]6\g' g} ePsf] 5 . /fhfsf] ;lrjnfO{ oxL+af6 kmf]g u/] x'G5 . Tof] klg x'Fb}g eg] k|];nfO{ af]nfP/ elglbP x'G5 eGbf klg dfGg'ePg .
Tof] cfGbf]ng a9fOg'sf] sf/0f kfFr kf6Ln] k7fPsf] JolQmnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg'k/\of] eGg] xf] . cflv/ Tof] ug{ tof/ gePkl5 Tof] af6f] t 5f8\g} k/\of] . ptf z]/axfb'/ klg cfGbf]ng t ub}{ lyP . xfdLn] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g klg u/]sf lyof}+ . xfdLn] xfd|f] cfGbf]gndf pgnfO{ klg lnof}+ eGof}+ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lul/hfafa'n] dfGg'ePg . xfdLn] eGof}, Tof] tkfO{+x?sf] cfGtl/s s'/f xf] Tof] klg dfGg'ePg .
xfdLn] t k|hftGqsf nflu s;}n] cfGbf]ng u5{ eg] klg To;sf] ;dy{g u5f}{+ eg]sf lyof}+ xfdLn] . Tof] b[li6sf]0fn] z]/axfb'/nfO{ /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL lbg] eP . Tof] s'/f z]/axfb'/n] lnP/ xfdLnfO{ cfpg'eof] . xfd|f] kf6LnfO{ ;f]lwof] . l7s 5 xfdLn] rfx]sf] x'Fb}g eg] sd;]sd cfwf ljsNk t cfof] . /fk|kf / ;b\efjgfn] s] eGof] eg] Pdfn] tof/ 5 eg] xfdL klg tof/ x'G5f}+ eg]/ o;k|sf/n] ;/sf/ ag]sf] xf] .
xfd|f] cfGbf]gnsf] pTsif{ k'u]sf] a]nf kfFr kf6Ln] Pp6f gfd lng ;s]sf] eP l:ylt csf]{ x'GYof] . s] eof] t eGbf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] nf]enfnrn] ubf{ dhj'/La;\ xfdL of] bf];|f] ljsNkdf hfg'k/\of] .
of] ;/sf/ ag]kl5 xfdLn] s] ug]{ t eGbf klxn] zflGt jftf{ ug]{ . dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ xftxltof/af6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsGg x} . xftxltof/ s'g} 7fp+df dxTj 5 . xf], ;'/Iff dha't agfpg'k5{ h;n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /f]Sg ;Dd ;lsG5 . jftf{ ug{ jfWo eP/ cufl8 cfpg;Dd ;S5g\ t/ o;sf] ;dfwfg /fhgLlts ;dfwfg vf]Hg'k5{ / Tof] jftf{ g} xf] eg]/ $# a'Fbfdf of] Pp6f a'Fbf 5 . ;/sf/n] klg lg0f{o u/\of] ls xfd|f] klxnf] k|fyldstf eg]sf] zflGt jftf{ g} xf] .
xfd|f] Sofljg]6sf] klxnf] a}7saf6} s] kf; u/]sf 5f}+ eg] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGtjftf{sf nflu cfXjfg ug]{ . To;kl5 zflGt ;ldlt agfof}+, zflGt ;lrjfno agfof}+ . ltgLx?n] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] k'gM jftf{sf] nflu cfXjfg u/\of}+ . of] rf8af8sf] df}sf 5 of] a]nf jftf{ z'? u/f}+ eg]/ elg/x]sf 5f}+ . o;k|sf/n] ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy g]kfnL hgtfsf] klxnf] rfxgf g} zflGt axfn ug{ zflGt jftf{sf nflu ;/sf/n] x/lsl;dsf] k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 .
To;n] s] kmn NofPsf] 5 eg], pRr :t/sf] zflGt sld6L aGof] . To;n] klg ckLn u/]sf] 5 . To;n] /fhfnfO{ e]6]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f d}n] cd]l/sfd} ;'g] . dnfO{ s] va/ cfPsf] 5 eg] /fhf klg zflGtjftf{s} s'/f cufl8 a9f];\ eGg] kIfdf /x]sf] s'/f cfof] .
cd]l/sLx? klg jftf{k|lt ;sf/fTds 5g\ . clxn] k|r08s} af]nLdf km/s klg cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] qmd cufl8 a9\b}5 . xf], xfdLn] rfx]sf] / k|rf/ ePhlt eO/x]sf] 5}g . xfdL hlt hf]8bf/sf ?kdf cufl8 a9\5f}+ Toltg} jftf{sf s'/f] cufl8 a9\5 .

tkfO{+x?sf] lhDd]bf/L eg]sf] @)^! ;fn;Dddf zflGtjftf{ / r'gfj u/fpg] xf] Sof/ ca o:t} xf] eg] tkfO{+x? k'gM c;Ifd eP/ v]lbg] a]nf cfO;Sg nfu]g / <

xfdLnfO{ x6fpF5g\ eGg]af6 lrlGtt eP/ kLl8t eP/ ;f]Rg'x'Fb}g . cfGbf]ngs} Oltxf; ePsf] kf6LnfO{ ;/sf/df a:g] ga:g] dxTjk"0f{ s'/f x}g . of] hf] JolQmut :jfy{df lx8]sf] 5 To;sf nflu dfq xf] . clxn] zflGt jftf{ klg ePg r'gfj klg ePg eg] ;/sf/ km\oflnG5 eGg] of] xNsf sd]G6 xf] . ca b'O{ tLg rf/ dlxgfdf zflGtjftf{ x'g ;s]g eg] xfdL kmflng] x}g b]z kmflnG5 . :jflwgtf km\oflnG5, /fli6|otf kmflnG5 / /fhfnfO{ klg gf]Szfg k5{ .
d}n] eGg] u/]sf] 5', clxn] o:tf] l:ylt 5 . xfdL ;a} gfpdf ;jf/ ul//x]sf 5f}+ Tof] Ps s'gfdf d /fhf, z]/axfb'/, /fk|kf, lul/hfafa' / k|r08 ;a}nfO{ b]V5' xfdL ;a} Pp6} gfpdf /x]5f}+ . gfp 9'Abf sf]xL lhTg]jfnf 5}g . gfp 8'Abf d}n] z]/axfb'/ ;/sf/sf] sfvL ahfpFbf lul/hfafa'sf] ;/sf/ klg /xg] 5}g . of] gfp 8'Abf d}n] l;+xb/jf/ gf/fo0flx6L lht]+ eg]/ k|r08n] klg eGg]a]nf x'Fb}g . ;/sf/ hfg] s'/feGbf klg ca b'O{rf/ dlxgfdf zflGtjftf{ ePg eg] of] b]zn] o'4 yfDg ;Sb}g / 7"nf] /Qmkft x'G5 Tof] /Qmkftn] g]kfnnfO{ ckmuflg:tfg agfpF5 . Tof] x'g glbgsf nflu Oltxf; lhDd]jf/L xf] . b]zdf /fhgLlt ug]{ xf] eg] b]z t /fVg'k/\of] . ;+;f/sf] Oltxf; k9\g'eof] eg] s;}sf] b]zleq zflGt ePg eg] Tof] b]zsf] l5d]sL k:5 . l5d]sLnfO{ ufnL ug]{ x}g klxn] cfkm\gf] 3/ ;dfNg'k5{ . o'uf]:nfe lsg 8'Aof] . h:tf] ckmuflg:tfgdf klg /fhf lyP, sDo'lg:6 kf6Lsf g]tf lyP, lbUuh lj4fg lyP . ckmuflg:tfg t xfd|f] g]kfneGbf klg ;'Gb/ b]z xf] . kxf8L d'n's k7fgx?sf] . rf/b]z;Fu ;Ldf hf]l8Psf] . ToxfFsf] /fli6|o zlQmx?n] a'l4dfgLk"j{s b]zsf] /Iff ub}{ cfkm\gf] kf6L cfkm\gf] lxt gx]bf{v]/L ;fgf] :jfy{ jUbf v]/L /fhfn] b]z 5f8]/ efUg'k/\of] . sDo'lg:6 g]tf, k|wfgdGqL sfl6g'k/\of] . of] xfdLn] b]v]sf x}gf} <
d af/Daf/ eG5' dfcf]jfbLn] ca of] s'/f a'em] x'G5 . k|r08hLn] klg 3'sL{ nfpg] s'/f 5}g . s;n] s;nfO{ 3'sL{ nufpg] < clxn]sf] a]nf zflGtjftf{ ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . zflGtjftf{sf] ljsNk eg]sf] ljgf; xf] . xfdL kmflng] gkmflng] dxTjk"0f{ s'/f x}g .

tkfO{+x? ;8sdf cfGbf]ng u?Gh]n /fhfsf] eQf sf6\g'k5{ eGg'x'GYof] tkfO{+ k'Ug];fy pN6f] a9]/ cfof] elgG5 lg <

d}n] lglZrt eg]sf] x'F . z'/Iffsf] ah]6sf] s'/f u/f}+ ^) tyf ^! sf] ah]6df * ca{ $# s/f]8 lyof] . clxn] d}n] cf7 ca{ /flvlbPsf] 5' . a9\of] ls 36\of] . d o; ljifodf w]/} s'/f ug{ rfxGg z'/Iffsf] ah]6 d}n] a9\g lbO/fv]sf] 5'Og . xfd|f] b]zn] of] eGbf a9L z'/Iffdf vr{ ug{} ;Sb}g . xfdLn] wfGg ;Sb}gf} .
b/jf/sf] s'/f eGg'xf]; kf]xf]/;fn hlt ah]6 lyof] clxn] Psk};f a9]sf] 5}g . ToxL sfod /flvPsf] 5 .

lsg 36fpg ;lsPg t <

of] s'/f clxn] 5fl8lbpF .

dfcf]jfbLx? /fi6|;+3sf] dWo:ttf vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ tkfO{+x? lsg dWo:ttf nfg 8/fO/fVg'ePsf] 5 <

xfd|f] kf6L Pdfn]n] /fi6|;+3sf] ;DnUgtfnfO{ :jLsf/ u5f}{ . xfdL af/Daf/ elg/x]sf 5f}+ . ;/sf/ klg /fi6|;+3sf] ;DnUgtfsf] lj/f]wL x}g . ;/sf/ klxn] jftf{ t z'? u/f}+ elg/x]sf] 5 . jftf{ ug{ z'?d} t t];|f] kf6L rflxPg lg . h'ga]nf rflxG5 clg NofpFnf lg . of] z'? u/]/ 6'+uf] nufpg t ;do nfU5 . /fi6|;+3sf] ;Nnfxf t rflxg ;S5 . kf6Ln] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]/ nfu" u/fpg dfu u5{ . d ToxL kf6Lsf] sfo{stf{ x'F . Tof] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]/ ;/sf/nfO{ eGg] xf] h'n'; lgsfNg] xf] hgdt lgdf{0f u5{ . ;/sf/nfO{ ufnL u5{ . ;/sf/nfO{ bjfj lbG5 . kf6Lsf] lg0f{o l7s 5 . /fHon] k|:tfj kf; ug]{ t x}g < xfdL t sfo{sfl/0fL xf}+ .
clxn] dWo:ttfsf] cj:yf cfO;s]sf] 5}g . clxn] xfdL s] eG5f} eg] b'j} kIfaLrdf jftf{ z'? ug]{ xf] .

tkfO{+ ljZj a}+s / cGt/f{li6|o d'b|fsf]ifsf] a}7sdf efu lng cfpg'ePsf] xf] ljZj a}+s / cGt/f{li6|o d'b|f sf]if;Fu s]s] s'/f /fVg'eof] t <

xf] d pgLx?sf] d"n a}7sdf g]kfnsf] s'/f /fv]+ . g]kfn h:tf] lsl;dsf] cj:yfdf zflGtsf] cleofgdf nfu]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdLnfO{ tkfO{+x?n] ;:tf] ;'ne b/sf] ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg'k5{, 6|]l8ªdf klg xfdLnfO{ ;xfotf lbg'k5{ Pp6f Tof] s'/f d}n] /fv]+ .
bf];|f] s'/f ljsl;t /fi6|x?n] s]xL jif{ cufl8 cfkm\gf] hL8LkLsf] s]xL k|ltzt ljsl;t /fi6|x?n] ljsf;Gd"v /fi6|x?sf nflu cfly{s ;xfotf ug]{ arg u/]sf lyP . To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ nufpg'k/\of] eg] .
To;}u/L clk|msg b]znfO{ clt g} ;:tf] Jofhdf h;/L cfly{s ;xfotf lbg] cleofg 5 To;fnfO{ klg sfof{Gjog ul/of];\
Rf}rf}yf] s'/f C0f df]rg sfo{qmddf g]kfnnfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fOof];\ eg]/ d}n] a}7sdf af]Nbf /fv]sf] 5' .
cGt/f{li6|o d'b|fsf]ifsf k|ltlglwl;t klg e]6 eof] ljZj a}+ssf k|ltglglwl;t klg e]6 eof] . Tof] a]nf klg o; ljifodf klg s'/f /fv]+ . ;fob d ;/sf/sf] bf];|f] d'Vo JolQm eP/ xf]nf ljZja}+s, cGt/f{li6|o d'b|fsf]if, :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6 ;a}lt/ cd]l/sfdf klg ;]s]08Dofgl;t} e]6 x'g k'Uof] .
pxfFx?n] d]/f] s'/fnfO{ u+eL/tfsf ;fy lnPsf] / of] s'/fnfO{ af]8{df /fV5f}+ eg]/ eGg'ePsf] 5 .
cd]l/sL ;/sfnfO{ Psflt/ zflGtjftf{sf] k|of; eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fP+ / o;df ;xof]u ug'{k/\of] eg] . pxfFx?n] arg lbg'ePsf] 5 ;fj{hlgs lj1lKt lbP/ klg xfdL ;xof]u u5f}{ / ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL;Fu zflGt jftf{ k|ltsf] kxndf cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] ;dy{g 5 eGg'ePsf] 5 .
d}n] ufd]{G6sf] s'/f klg p7fPF . Tof] s'/f p7fpFbf o;sf] ljifodf cln slDKns]6]8 5 eGg'eof] . c? b]zsf] uf/d]G6sf] klg oxFf lj/f]w eO/x]sf] 5 . csf]{ s'/f ef]6]sf]zLdf kf08f ;d'x / g]kfnsf] ljB't\ k|flws/0faLrsf] ljjfb /x]5 . Tof] 6'+uf] nufpg'k5{ eGg] bjfj cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;f]rf}+ eg]/ pxfFx?n] eGg'eof] .
uf/d]G6sf nflu cGo b]zsf] lgod xfdLnfO{ gnufpg'xf];\ . xfdL o'4af6 hh{/ eO/x]sf 5f}+ eGbf o;/L s;}n] klg dnfO{ eg]sf] lyPg d o; ljifodf ;f]R5' eg]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] o'4af6 6'lqmPsf] / g]kfnnfO{ s]xL ;dosf nflu o;tkm{af6 klg ;xof]u k'/\ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf d cjZo ;f]R5' eg]/ cd]l/sL clwsf/Ln] eg]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx? ;Qf k|flKts} nfludfq ;8s cfGbf]ng u/]sf b]lvG5g\ lg clxn];Ddsf] l:ylt x]bf{ x}g / <

of] efjgfsf] k5fl8 Pp6f s'/f 5 . Tof] s] xf] eg] @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkl5 hgtfdf pT;fx pe+u cfPsf] lyof] . of] P3f/ afx| jif{sf] cjlwdf ;/sf/df uPsf bnx?n] cfkm\gf] P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L k"/f gu/]sf sf/0f of] b"u{tL ePsf] xf] .
xfdLaf6 e"n ePsf] s'/f :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . ;a} /fhgLlts kf6Ln] uNtL u/] eg]/ ;Rofpg] 7fpF g} /x]g . ToxFf 5'6\6fpg'k/\of], s'g bnn] s] u/\of] ef]ln ToxfF ;Rofpg] 7fpF x'G5 . xfdL elg/x]sf 5f}+ xfd|f] kf6L g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L -Pdfn]_af6 klg uNtL ePsf] 5 . /fd|f] sfd klg ePsf] 5 uNtL klg ePsf] 5 . xfdLaf6 ePsf] uNtLnfO{ 5'6\ofpF . Tof] uNtLsf] xfdL bf]if sj'n ug{ tof/ 5f}+ . Tof] c? kf6Ln] klg ug'{k5{ . clxn]sf] xsdf ;8sdf x'Gh]n Pp6f s'/f ug]{ ;/sf/df uP kl5 jf:tf gug]{ eGg] s'/f clxn]sf] ;/sf/df nfu" x'Fb}g . xfdL klxn]sf g]tfn] eg]h:tf] b]znfO{ l;+ufk'/ agfOlbG5, d]nDrLsf] kfgL NofOlbG5' eg]h:tf s'/f u/]sf 5}gf} . xfdL t clxn] s] elg/x]sf 5f}+ eg] clxn] b]zdf zflGt jxfn ug'{ / r'gfj u/]/ lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ x:tfGt/0f u5f}{+ . of] b]zdf xfdL ;a}n] ;xof]u u/f}+ elg/x]sf 5f}+ .
;/sf/ hfg t xfdLn] ;a}nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf xf}+ . lul/hfafa', hgdf]rf{, g]kfn ls;fg dhb'/ kf6L ;a}nfO{ cfpg'eg]sf xf}+ . clxn] klg pxfFx?sf] nflu ;/sf/df 7fpF /flvlbO/x]sf 5f+} . zflGt sld6L agfof}+ To;df klg pxfFx?nfO{ cfpg'eGof}+ . xfdLn] sxfF 5'6\ofPsf 5f}+ . /fi6|n] c? ljifodf emu8f ug{ rfFxb}g . clxn] ;a} ;Da}wflgs kIfx? Ps 7fpFdf pleP/ dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfgtkm{ hfg'k5{ . clxn] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d} sfnf] l:ylt 5 . /fli6|otfsf nflu xfdL clwstd nlrnf] eP/ s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

klxn] klxn] t tkfO+{x?sf] ;/sf/ /fhwfgLsf] l/+u/f]8 jl/kl/;Dd 5 elgGYof] clxn] cfP/ t l;+xb/jf/ / gf/fo0flx6Ld} dfq ;Lldt 5 elgG5 lg <

of] ;a} uNtL s'/f x'g\ . ;/sf/ b]ze/ rln/x]sf] 5 . zflGt;'/Iffsf] s'/f df of] eGg] s'/f xf] . dfcf]jfbLx? n's]/ lg:sG5g\ . sf7df8f}+sf] ahf/df s'g a]nf sxfF cfP/ xdnf ug]{ xf] yfxf x'Fb}g . t/ dfcf]jfbLsf] st} zf;g t z'? ePsf] sxL+ 5}g . bf];|f] s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] km"tL{ gu/] x'G5 . xfn} g]kfnsf] klZrd cf5fd lhNnfdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] g} uf]Ko dtbfg u/fP . t/ Tof] uf]Ko dtbfgdf dfcf]jfbLx?sf g]tfx?nfO{ hgtfn] x/fOlbP . xfd|f kf6Lx?n] lht] . hgtfsf] ;dy{g s;/L x'G5 eg] dfcf]jfbLn] wDsLsf e/df s]xL dfg] eGb}df Tof] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf] t x}g .
d s] eG5' eg] clxn] jftf{ u/f}+ To;kl5 r'gfj x'G5 olb dfcf]jfbLs} k|wfgdGqL cfPklg xfdLnfO{ cfklQ s] < lul/hfk|;fb k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf t Pdfn]n] dfGof] eg] k|r08 k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf Pdfn]n] lsg gdfGg] . t/ Pdfn]n] ax'dt Nofof] eg] Pdfn]sf] k|wfgdGqL k|r08n] :jLsf/g'{k5{ .

tkfO{+x?sf] ;/sf/L dfgjclwsf/ cfof]un] g} aGbLx?sf] af/]df vf]hL ubf{ ;]gfn] 6]b}{g elgG5 lg <

;/sf/n] jfr u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ;/sf/ ag]kl5 kqmfp k/]sf Ps hgfsf] klg xTof u/]sf] 5}g . u/\of] eg] xfdL sf/jfxL u5f}{+ . kqmfp k/]sf JolQmx?nfO{ xfdL ;fj{hlgs u5f}{ .

;]gfn] xfdLn] o;nfO{ kqmfp u/\of}+ eg]/ tkfO{x?nfO{ yfxf lbG5 / <

of] ;/sf/sf] k|ltj4tf xf] . ha zflGtjftf{ ;kmn x'G5 Toltv]/ l;len k|zf;gsf] xnrn a9\5 olb df/sf6 z'? ePkl5 ;}lgs k|zf;gsf] xnrn a9\5 . clxn]sf] cj:yf zflGt jftf{ xf] ;a} To;kl5 s/]S;g x'Fb} hfG5 . zflGtjftf{ cufl8 a9\b} hfG5 . klxn] ;]gfsf] rnv]n lyPg lg lyof] t < ;/sf/sf] k|ltj4tf eg]sf] xfdL s'g} JolQm kqmfp k/]kl5 dfg{ lb+b}gf} .

tkfO{+ To;f] eGg'x'G5 tkfO{+x?sf] cfkm\g} k"j{ ;f+;b x]dgf/fo0fnfO{ ;]gf4f/} dfl/Psf] eGg] cf/f]k cfO/x]sf] 5 lg <

o; ljifodf xfdLn] kf6Laf6 / kf6Lsf dGqLx? ;a}n] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 5fgljgsf nflu cfu|x ul/x/]sf 5f}+ . k|wfgdGqLn] o;sf] 5fgljg u5'{, bf]ifLnfO{ sf/jfxL u5'{ eGg'ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf x]dgf/fo0fsf] xTofsf] kLl8t t xfdL g} xf}+ lg .

bz}+ cufl8 tkfO{+sf] kf6Lsftkm{af6 t PstkmL{ o'4lj/fdsf] s'/f cfPsf] 5 ;/sf/ t df}g 5 lg <

g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s rf8 kj{ dgfpg sd;]sd zflGt jftf{sf nflu PstkmL{ o'4 lj/fd u/f}+ elg/x]sf xf}+ . ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 PstkmL{ o'4lj/fd u/f}+ elg/x]sf 5f}+ . o; ljifodf xfdLn] ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

d'n's u0ftGqlt/ pGd'v 5 ls 5}g <

To:tf] 5}g . clxn] dfcf]jfbL klg u0ftGqlt/ 5}gg\ . olb pgLx? u0ftGqlt/ ePsf eP dfcf]jfbLn] /fhfl;t jftf{ lsg u5'{ eGy] . oyfy{tf s] xf] eg] g]kfnsf ;a} /fhgLlts zlQmx? /fhfnfO{ pGd'ng ug]{tkm{ 5}gg\ . u0ftGqsf] s'/f eljiodf s] x'G5 d elGbg . xfd|} kf6L klg t u0ftGqsf] lj/f]wL x}g k|rf/s g} xf] . cfhsf] oyfy{tf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf g]kfnsf] hgdfg; / s'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L hf]8bf/n] plePsf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbL klg u0ftGqdf plePsf] b]lVbg lsgsL /fhf;Fu jftf{ ug{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 eg] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] eGg] dfcf]jfbLn] klg :jLsf/]sf] d a'em\5' .

/fli6|o ;xdlt rflxPsf] 5 clxn] . o;df /fhf, /fhgLlts kf6Lx? ;a} rflxPsf] 5 . b]zsf] cl:tTj arfpg klg /fli6|o ;xdltsf] cfjZostf 5 .

clGtddf oxfFsf] ;Gb]z

ljb]zdf a:g'ePsf g]kfnLx? To;df klg jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf a:g] g]kfnLx?k|lt d Hofb} g} k|efljt ePsf] 5' tkfO{+x?n] oxfF a;]/ cfkm\g} klqsf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg rnfpg'ePsf], g]kfnL efiff, g]jf/L efiff, snf;+:s[ltsf] hf]ufpg] h'g sfd ug'{ePsf] 5 To;sf] nflu cem ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5' .
g]kfn ;f/} uf/f]l:yltdf 5 . ljb]zdf a:g]x?n] klg g]kfndf zflGtjftf{ ug'{k/\of] eg]/ hf]8bf/ cfjfh p7fpg'k/\of] . ljb]zsf ljleGg efudf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] h'n'; u/]/ x'G5 ls 1fkgkq k7fP/ x'G5 ls s;/L x'G5 hlt;Sbf] rf8f]+ b]zdf zflGtsf] cfjfh g]kfn ;/sf/, dfcf]jfbL, /fhf ;a}nfO{ ;Gb]; k7fpg' ;Sg'xf];\ eGb} cfpg] a8f bz+}sf] pknIodf xflb{s ;+;f/e/ /xg'ePsf g]kfnLx?nfO{ xflb{s z'esfdgf .

æh:tf];'s} r'gf}lt cfP klg r'gfjdf hfg] xf]Æ

k//fi6| /fHo dGqL k|sfz z/0f dxt
;]K6]Da/ @$, @))$

k//fi6| /fHodGqL k|sfz z/0f dxt Go'of]s{l:yt /fi6|;+3df efu lng] lznlznfdf cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL cj;/df /fHodGqL jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf ;d]t cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . ;]K6]Da/ @# sf] ljxLaf/ ;fFem cd]l/sfsf nflu g]kfnL /fhb"t s]bf/eQm >]i7n] /fHodGqLsf] ;Ddfgdf Ps /flqef]hsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df g]kfnaf6 cd]l/sf tof/L kf]zfssf] sf]6fsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ uf/d]G6 Joj;foLx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnL kf]i6sf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]nn] /fHodGqLsf] cd]l/sfsf] e|d0f / g]kfnsf] jt{dfg l:yltsf af/]df ul/Psf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k .

/fHodGqLHo" s]sf] lznlznfdf cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] xf] <

/fi6|;+3df efu lng oxfF cfOk'u]sf] x'F . Tof] ldl6ªsf ;fy} To;};Fu ;DalGwt cGo ljleGg ldl6ªx?df klg efu lnO/x]sf] 5' . ;fs{ :tl/o cgf}krfl/s 5nkmn nufotsf cGo ljleGg 5nkmndf efu lnof}+ / cGo w]/} ldl6ªdf klg efu lng'5 .
To:t} cfpFbf] @))&, * sf] nflu ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] c:yfoL ;b:osf nflu g]kfnn] bfjL ul//x]sf] 5 To;df klg ;kf]6{ k|fKt ug]{ lznlznfdf w]/} b]zsf] k//fi6|dGqLx?;Fu e]6 eO/x]sf] 5 / 8L;Laf6 Go'of]s{ kms]{/ uPkl5 klg e]6 ug]{ sfo{qmd 5 .
jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf cfpg'sf] sf/0f eg] l;g]6/x?, 8]k'6L ;]qm]6/Lx? nufot cGo ljleGg JolQmx?;Fu klg e]6\g] sfo{qmd ePsfn] oxfF cfOk'usf] x'F .
o;cj;/df cd]l/sfsf clwsf/Lx?;Fu g]kfn / cd]l/sf aLrsf] lxtsf] ljifodf klg s'/f ug]{ xf] . To;}u/L g]kfnsf] ufd]{G6df 8\o'6L lk|m PS;];sf nflu g]kfnn] k|of; ul/x/sf] 5 To;df ;dy{g h'6fpg' klg jfl;+ª6gsf] e|d0fsf] d'Vo p2]Zo xf] .

g]kfnn] /fi6|;+3df efu lng' eg]sf] vfnL k/Dk/fut lx;fjdfq xf]nf x}g <

k/Dk/f g} eP klg ;+;f/sf ;a} b]zn] kfng u/]sf] k/Dk/f g]kfnn] dfq t tf]8\g ;Sb}g c? b]zsf] cem /fHok|d'vx? g} cfPsf 5g\ t/ xfd|f] b]zsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] w]/} sfd ePsf] x'gfn] dnfO{ k|wfgdGqLn] k7fpg'ePsf] 5 . of] k/Dk/fdfq x}g of] df}sfdf clwsf+z b]zsf] pkl:ylt x'G5 .
To;f] t of] ldl6ª eg]sf] Pp6} 7fpFdf w]/} vfn] ldl6ªdf efu lng kfpg] cj;/ klg ePsfn] ubf{ klg of] xfd|f] nflu ;do v]/ dfq kmfn]sf] eGg ldNb}g h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . ;Fu ;Fu} xfdLn] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf nflu klg xfdLn] clxn]b]lv g} nljª ul//x]sf 5f}+ . o;n] ubf{ eljiodf /fd|} kl/0ffd x'G5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .

g]kfndf ;/sf/4f/f dfcf]jfbLx?;Fusf] zflGt jftf{sf] k|of; sxfF k'u]sf] 5 t <

zflGtjftf{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu k|wfgdGqLs} cWoIftfdf zflGt ;lrjfno v8f ul/Psf] 5 . zflGt ;lrjfno agfpg'kg]{ d"n sf/0f ut zflGt jftf{sf] cg'ejaf6 xfdLnfO{ s] nfUof] eg] cem w]/} Joj;flos Ogk'6sf] cfjZostf 5 / jftf{nfO{ cToGt tof/Lsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ g ls xtf/ xtf/df jftf{df a:g] / To;sf] kl/0ffd ;'vb\ gx'g] . tTsfndf w]/} 7"nf] cfzf x'g] / To;kl5 lg/fzfdf kl/0ft x'g] Tof] /fd|f] s'/f x}g . v'Nnf jftf{n] s] u/\of] eg] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] ;d'xnfO{ cfkm"lt/ cfslif{t ug]{ sfd u/\of] . To;n] jftf{nfO{ ;sf/fTds lbzflt/ n}hfg] eGbf klg ljyf]Ng rfxg]x? ;lqmo eP To;n] ubf{ klg of] jftf{nfO{ xfdL ;xL 9+un] tL ;a} s'/fx?nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ xfdL] jftf{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpF5f}+ .

dfcf]jfbLx? t /fhfafx]s cGo;Fu jftf{ x'g ;Sb}g eGb} 5g\ lg <

of] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] k'/fgf] /0fgLlt xf] . o;df s'g} gofF lrh b]vfk/]sf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLx?n] slxn] s;nfO{ 7"nf] agfpg] slxn] s;nfO{ agfpg] / ;Da}wflgs zlQmx?sf] aLrdf kmf6f] Nofpg] / To;af6 cfkm" alnof] aGg] eGg] gLltdf pgLx?n] Tof] s'/f u/]sf x'g\ . pgLx?n] ;/sf/;Fu s'/f gug]{ eGg] t d}n] b]]v]sf] 5}g .

xfn} O/fsdf afx| hgf g]kfnL dfl/P To;sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 rflxg] hlt k|of; ul/Pg eGg] u'gf;f] 5 lg <

xfdLn] xfd|f] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd ;Dk"0f{ k|of; u/]sf xf}+ . s] s'/f xfdLn] la;{g'x'Fb}g eg] O/fsdf w]/} zlQmzfnL b]zsf gful/sx? dfl/Psf 5g\ . d'l:nd b]z h:tf] kfls:tfgL, 6sL{ nufotsf dfl/P g]kfnsf] s]z P;'n]6]6 s]z x}g . xfd|f] s"6g}lts pkl:ylt To;If]qd} 5}g . xfdLn] xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ k|of; u/]sf xf}+ . dfG5]x?sf] egfO 5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 ToxfF sf]xL uOlbPsf eP aRy] ls eGg] xf] t/ d ToxfFsf ljleGg If]qsf JolQmx?;Fu ;Dks{df lyPF . pgLx?sf] s'g} dfu / ;t{x? /flvPg . xfdL hfFbf st} yk of]ubfg k'U5 eGg] nfu]sf] eP xfdL hfg] lyof}+ . pgLx?n] ljb]zLx?nfO{ g5f8\g] /x]5g\ . xfd|f g]kfnLx? klg To:t} ;d"xsf xftdf k/\of] / To:tf] vfn] b'Mvb 36gf 36\of] . xfd|f] nflu b'Mvb / ddf{xt ug]{ s'/f xf] . t/ ;/sf/n] s]xL u/]g eGg] xf]Og . xfdLn] ToxfFsf wd{ u'? / ToxfFsf ;~rf/dfWodaf6 klg ckLn u/]sf lyof}+ . cGo h'g h'g dfWodsf] pkof]u x'g ;Syof} xfdLn] k|of]u u/\of}+ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|of;} u/]g eGg] s'/f xf]Og .

clxn] klg O/fsdf u}/sfg"gL ?kdf k'u]sf s]xL g]kfnLx?nfO{ O/fs ;/sf/n] g} y'g]sf] 5 eGg] cfPsf] 5, ltgLx?nfO{ 5'6fpg] k|of;sf nflu s] eO/x]sf] 5 t <

Tof] pgLx? u}/sfg'gL ?kdf k;]sf x'\g\ . Tof] g]kfnd} sf]xL u}/sfg'gL ?kdf cfPdf g]kfnd} klg y'G5 . ToxL klg xfdLnfO{ ltgLx?sf] gfd :ki6 eP/ cfPsf] 5}g . ltgLx? g]kfnL xf] h:tf] klg 5 x}g h:tf] klg 5 . xfdLn] pgLx?nfO{ gfd k|i6;Fu k7fp eg]/ eg]sf 5f}+ . kfls:tfgaf6 xfd|f ToxfFsf] /fhb"tfaf;sf k|yd ;lrjnfO{ klg ToxfF k7fPsf 5f}+ . To;}u/L ldl8n Oi6sf cGo d'n'sx? s'j]t, n]jgfg, hf]8{g / d'Da} nufotdf /x]sf g]kfnLx? hf] ljhf]u eP/ al;/x]sf 5g\ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkm\g} vr{df ltgLx?nfO{ kmsf{pgsf nflu xfdLn] dfG5] k7fO;s]sf 5f}+ .
To:t} O/fs ghfgsf nflu ;d]t xfdLn] cfXjfg u/]sf 5f}+ . h'g h'g b]zaf6 g]kfnLx? O/fs k:5g\ ToxfF k:g glbg] k|of; klg xfdLn] ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

tkfO{+x?sf] ;/sf/ sf]k|lt k|ltj4 5 <

of] ;/sf/ hgtfk|lt k|ltj4 5 . clGtd ;+;bsf] s8L eg]s} of] ;/sf/ xf] . b]pjfhL h;/L cfpg'ePsf] 5 / rf/kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm df]rf{af6 h;/L clxn]sf] ;/sf/ ag]sf] 5 To;}n] b]pjf;Fu klxn]sf] ;/sf/sf] eGbf klg Hofbf Dof08]6 of] ;/sf/;Fu 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] la;{g x'Fb}g . csf]{ r'gfj geP;Dd uPsf] clGtd ;+;bnfO{ dfGg] xf] eg] of] kk'n/ Dof08]6 ePsf] ;/sf/ xf] / of] hgtfk|lt k|ltj4 ;/sf/ klg xf] .

r'gfj u/fpg ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 t <

zflGt k|lqmof / r'gfj xfd|f] k|fyldstf xf] . zflGt k|lqmofsf nflu sfd klg yfngL eO;s]sf] 5 . t/, xfdL zflGt k|lqmofk|lt k|ltj4 5f}+ eg]/ cgGtsfn;Dd eg] of] ;/sf/n] klv{g ;Sb}g . dfcf]jfbLx? l/hg]jn eP/ cfpF5g\ eg] xfdL pgLx?nfO{ klg r'gfjdf lnP/ hfg rfxG5f}+ . olb Tof] vfn] s'/f x'g ;s]g eg] xfdL ljgf r'gfj w]/} nfdf] ;do a:g] ;Sg l:ylt 5}g / ;/sf/ r'gfjdf hfG5 .

b]pjf ;/sf/nfO{ k'gM c;Ifdsf] ku/L nufP/ lgsflng ;Sg] cj:yf ca 5}g / <

km]/L b]pjfhL Tof] bf]xf]/\ofpg rfxg'x'Gg . Tof] a]nf ;a} kf6L{x?n] eg]/ r'gfj ;f/]sf] xf] pxfFn] PSn}n] ;f/]s} x}g . ca zflGt k|lqmofaf6 ;dfwfg ug]{ sf]lz; ug]{ / r'gfjnfO{ klg jfOkf; gug]{ . r'gfjdf hfFbf cK7f/f]sf] jfjh'b klg r'gfj x'g'k5{ / h:tf];'s} r'gf}lt cfP klg r'gfjdf hfg] xf] .
k|hftflGqs ;+/rgfx?nfO{ ;lqmo u/fpg] xf] .

;/sf/ t /fhwfgLsf] l/ª/f]8leq dfq 5 elgG5 lg <

To:tf] 5}g . ;/sf/sf] ;a} lhNnfdf k|zf;g 5 . xf] ufpFx?df ;d:ofx? 5g\ . xfd|f] ef}uf]]lns kl/j]zn] ubf{ klg ;a}nfO{ ;'/Iff lbg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ yfxf 5 ;'/Iff km}fh sxfF a:5, k'ln; sxfF a:5 eGg] t/ pgLx?sf] a:g] s'g} tf]lsPsf] 7fpF 5}g . pgLx? xfGb} efUb} ug]{ / 7fpF ;l//xg] ePsfn] ubf{ ltgLx?;Fu l8n ug'{ Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . pgLx?k|ltsf] o'jfx?sf] cfsif{0f ca 5}g . dfcf]jfbLx?n] 8/ ;[hgf u/]/ zf;g ug]{ /0fgLltdf pgLx? 5g\ . To;df pgLx?k|lt hgtfsf] ;dy{g 5}g .
dnfO{ nfU5 pgLx? zflGtsf] af6f]df cfP eg] pgLx?k|lt ;sf/fTds x'G5g\ x}g eg] g]kfnL hgtf ;w}+ e/L lx+;faf6 k|efljt eP/ a:g ;Sg] cj:yf ca 5}g .

ljZje/ a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ oxfFsf] s] ;Gb]z 5 <

hxfF klg g]kfnLx? x'g'x'G5 pxfFx?sf] g]kfnk|lt dfof ;b\efjgf x'g' :jefljs xf] . d klg ljBfyL{ sfndf w]/} ;do aflx/ a;]+ . oxfFsf] cfzf lg/fzf kL8f Tof] cg'ej d}n] klg u/]sf] 5' . pxfFx?sf] g]kfnk|ltsf] dfof sfod xf];\ / xfdLn] b]zleq a:g] / b]z aflx/ a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] h'g ;b\efjgf / PS:r]Ghckm cfOl8of sfod xf];\ / ;/sf/n] ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ ug{ ;Sg] sfd ug{ xfdL tof/ 5f}+ . g]kfnk|ltsf] dfof kf]h]l6e OghL{sf ?kdf kl/0ft ug{ ;lsof] eg] g]kfnsf nflu w]/} 7"nf] nufgL x'G5 . ToxL ?kdf pxfFx?n] g]kfnsf] ;d:ofnfO{ klg a'lemlbg] / cfkm\gf] 7fpFaf6 ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] sfd eof] eg] Tof] g} xfdL ;a}sf] nflu pknAwL x'G5 .

æb]pjfsf] ;/sf/;Fudfq jftf{ u/]/ s]xL kmfObf 5}gÆ

8f= ch'{g sfsL{
h'nfO{ (, @))$

s]xL ;docl3 g]kfnsf] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf /fli6|o cWoIf tyf g]kfn u|fdL0f k'glgdf{0f ;+:yf, blIf0f Pl;ofnL ul/aL lgjf/0f d~rsf ;+of]hs / clt sd ljsl;t /fi6| ;/f]sf/ d~rsf cGt/f{li6|o cWoIf 8f= ch'{g sfsL{ jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . 8f= sfsL{ g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf ;dfwfgsf nflu jftf{sf] af6f] g} ;dfTg'kg]{ s'/fdf /fli6|o tyf cGt/f{li6o :t/df ljleGg ;ef ;Dd]ngx?df efu lng g]kfnsf] 4G4sf] cj:yfnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ sfo{df lgSs} nfdf] ;dob]lv nflukl//x'gePsf] 5 . o;} lznlznfdf cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf 8f= sfsL{;Fu g]kfnsf] zflGtjftf{ / g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts kl/b[iosf af/]df g]kfnL kf]i6sfnflu k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]nn] u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/ ;+If]k oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

s] lznlznfdf oxfF cd]l/sfsf] e|d0fdf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] xf] <
g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof, k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] ljifodf ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf clwsf/Lx?;Fu / a]nfotL clwsf/Lx?;Fu g]kfnsf] ;d:ofsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug{ / pgLx?sf] ;dy{g h'6fpg] lznlznfdf To;}u/L u}/ ;}lgs ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfosf] af/]df njL ug]{ cleofgcGtu{t xfn cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf] x'F .

s] eG5g\ t ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf cGo zflGt rfxgf /fVg] cd]l/sLx? <
cd]l/sL :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6sf blIf0f Pl;of x]g]{ clwsf/L nufot cd]l/sL ;+;bsf] cGt/f{li6|o ;DaGw ;ldltsf clwsf/Lx?;Fu s'/fsfgL ePsf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] km/s km/s ljrf/ 5 . ;/sf/L cf]xf]bfdf ePsf JolQmx?sf] egfO klg klxn]sf] eGbf w]/} kl/jt{g ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . h:tf] klxn] cd]l/sL ;/sf/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;}lgs zlQmaf6} x'G5 eGg] ljifodf lyof] eg] clxn] cfP/ of] 4G4nfO{ ;}lgsLs/0fsf dfWodaf6 ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsb}g, Pp6f k|hftflGqs d"No / dfGotfsf cfwf/df u}/ ;}lgs ;dfwfgsf] af6f]af6 hfg' g} g]kfnsf nflu pQd x'G5 eGg] efjgf cd]l/sLx?sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
pgLx? clxn]sf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tf vf;u/L ;Da}wflgs zlQmx?aLr a}dGo;tf /fhf / /fhgLlts kf6L{x?aLr lalu|Psf] ;DaGwsf af/]df ;a}eGbf a9L lrlGtt ePsf] kfOof] .
gofF s'/f s] eg] cd]l/sL ;/sf/ / cd]l/sL ;f+;bx? dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ ;}lgsLs/0fsf] eGbf a9L u}/;}lgsLs/0f / zflGtk|lqmofsf] dfWod4f/f cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eGg] efjgf pgLx?df /xg yfn]sf] kfOof] .
klxnf klxnf cGt/f{li6|o egfOx?df vf; u/L cd]l/sg ;/sf/ o'/f]lkog ;/sf/x?eGbf km/s ljrf/ /fVb} cfPsf] lyof] .
clxn] g]kfndf gofF k|wfgdGqL ag]sf] 5 . To;df klg ef/tn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ;DaGwdf a9L rf;f] /fVg] ugf{n] To;af6 slxn] xfdLnfO{ kmfObf / slxn] a]kmfObf x'g] u5{ . h:tf] ef/tsf] g]kfndf /x]sf /fhb"t ef/tsf] k//fi6| ;lrj eP/ hfg] ef/taf6 gofF /fhb"t cfpg] cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfnsf nflu gofF /fhb"t hfg] oL sf/0fx?n] ubf{ klg g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ;Gt'ngsf nflu gofF tl/sfn] lnPsf] xfdLnfO{ dx;'; x'Fb}5 .
xfd|f] e|d0fsf] k|d'v p2]Zo klg u}/ ;}lgs ;dfwfgsf nflu jftf{4f/f /fhgLlts zlQmx?nfO{ Pp6f 6]jndf NofP/ d'n'snfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; lgsf; lbgsf nflu pgLx?nfO{ gful/s ;dfhsf dfWod4f/f bjfj lbg] vfnsf] e"ldsf lgjf{xf ePsf] / pgLx?sf] ljrf/df klg s]xL ;'wf/ cfPsf] kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .

klxn]sf] rGb, yfkf ;/sf/ / clxn]sf] b]pjf ;/sf/df To:tf] s'g} tflTjs leGgtf kfpg'x'G5 oxfFn] <
Jojxfl/s ?kdf eGbf klxn] h;/L b]pjfnfO{ c;Ifdsf] cf/f]k nufP/ vf]l;of] ToxL dfG5]nfO{ clxn] d'n'ssf] k'gM k|wfgdGqL agfOg' eg]sf] k'/fgf k~rx?nfO{ /fhfn] lgo'lQm u/]sf] eGbf ljns"n s]xL km/s ?kdf x]g'{k5{ . ;}4flGts ?kdf eGbf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& cGtu{t g} klxn]sf k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm ul/Psf lyP / clxn] klg ;f]xL cg'?k lgo'lQm ul/Psf] xf] eGg] cf/f]k nufpg ;lsG5 t/ Jojxfl/s ?kdf eGg] xf] eg] Ps k6s c;Ifdsf] cf/f]k nufP/ km\ofFlsPsf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ km]/L ToxL kbdf Nofpg] sfd ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ xfdLn] /fhfsf] k|ltudgsf] cleofgnfO{ cfkm}+af6 ;Rofpg] Pp6f sbdsf ?kdf lnPsf 5f}+ .
csf]{ s'/f d'n'snfO{ lgsfz lbg] sfd eg]sf] z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] dfq ;Sg] s'/f xf]Og / pgsf] dfq lhDdfsf] s'/f klg /x]g . d'n's /fhgLlts ?kdf Hofb} hh{/, c:yL/, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf Hofb} lrGtfhgs cj:yfdf /x]sf] x'gfn] ha;Dd /fhgLlts zlQmx?n] Pp6} 6]jndf cfpg ;Sb}gg\ ta;Dd d'n'snfO{ lgsf; lbg z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] 7fpFdf c? s'g} k|wfgdGqL eP klg / c? s'g} ;+ljwfgsf wf/fx? k|of]u u/]/ k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm ul/P klg Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . of] eg]sf] /fli6|o ;xdlt sfod u/]/ ;a} /fhgLlts zlQmx?nfO{ jftf{sf] 6]jndf NofP/ dfq} cufl8 a9\g ;Sg] clxn]sf] l:ylt 5 . Tof] ePsfn] ubf{ z]/axfb'/ b]pjf s'g wf/f cGtu{t lgo'lQm eP < rGb / yfkfsf] x}l;oteGbf b]pjfsf] x}l;ot s] km/s k/\of] < eg]/ x]g'{eGbf klg u}/ k|hftflGqs ?kn] vf];'jf ul/Psf] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ToxL 7fpFdf ToxL lhDd]jf/L ;dfNg] sfd /fhfaf6 ePsf] 5 . To;f] t Tof] sfd xfdLn] rfx]sf] h:tf] t ePsf] 5}g w]/} c;xdlt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg xfdL s] rfxG5f}+ ljutdf ;+;bdf ePsf kf6L{x?nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf NofP/ pgLx?sf] ;xdlt / l;kmfl/;df c? s;}nfO{ lgo'lQm u/]sf] eP x'GYof] eGg] xfd|f] rfxgf xf] . t/ klg b]pjfsf] lgo'lQmn] k|ltudgnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ cleofgdf Ps sbd cufl8 al9Psf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 .

oxfF u}/ ;/sf/L dxf;+3sf] cWoIf x'g'x'G5 clxn] g]kfndf PghLcf]x?sf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 t <
clxn] l;+uf] d'n's k|efljt ePsf] 5 . To:t}df xfd|f] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? klg k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . t/ klg d'n'sdf :yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] cg'kl:yltdf clt lk5l8Psf / 7fpFx?df h] hlt ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx? eO/x]sf 5g\ tL ;a} u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?sf dfWod4f/f g} eO/x]sf 5g\ . olt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'j}af6 sltko cj:yfdf 4G4df k/]/ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . sltko cj:yfdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf nlIft ;d"xx?;Fu zflGtk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf sfd ug{ g;s]sf sf/0fn] 7"nf 7"nf kl/of]hgfx? /2 x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . sltko Hofb} k|efjsf/L kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ bft[ lgsfox?n] klg /f]s]sf 5g\ . xfd|f sfdx?df gsf/fTds c;/ kf/]sf] 5 .

tkfO{+ Pp6f u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf dfWodaf6 ufpF ufpFdf k'Ug'ePsf] 5 af:tjdf /fhwfgL aflx/ zf;g s;/L rln/x]sf] 5 t <
ufpFdf vf;u/L lhNnfsf] lglZrt ;b/d'sfdafx]s cGo 7fpFdf ;/sf/sf] pkl:ylt 5}g . ToxfF dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x? / dfcf]jfbLsf] o'4df ;DnUg JolQmx?n] g} lgoGq0f hdfO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ;/sf/n] dfq d'n'snfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; lbg ;Sb}g eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] .
ufpF 3/df dfcf]jfbLx?dfq pkl:yt eO/x]sf] / c? /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ultljlwx? klg Hofb} lzlwn / sl/j sl/a aGbsf] l:yltdf ePsf sf/0fn] ubf{ dfcf]jfbLx?sf] Ps 5q lgoGq0f d'n'ssf] clt u|fdL0f If]qx?df eO/x]sf] 5 . To;n] ubf{ xfdLn] ufpF / lk5l8Psf If]qdf uP/ sfd ug{ u/]sf] b]v]/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf ;'/IffsdL{x?n] xfdLnfO{ ;d]t logLx? klg dfc]fjfbL ePsL eGg] 9+un] x]g]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfo{stf{x?n] dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu s'g} klg ;+emf}tf gu/Lsg vf;u/L ljsf; / ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] If]qdf xfd|f] c/fhg}lts ultljlwx?df pgLx?nfO{ klg afwf / Jojwfg v8f gug{ hg;d"xx?nfO{ z;lQms/0f ub}{ hg;d'x?af6 g} pgLx?nfO{ tyf ;]gfnfO{ ;d]t bjfj lb+b} u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? cufl8 a9\g] gLlt lnPsf x'gfn] ljutsf] s]xL ;dodf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfdx? aGb ug]{ vfnsf] l:yltnfO{ k'g{hLljt ug]{ Pp6f gofF cleofg z'? ePsf] 5 .

gofF k|wfgdGqLn] km]/L r'gfjsf s'/f ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 ufpF 3/sf] l:ylt To:tf] 5 eg] s] r'gfjsf] ;+efjgf xf]nf t <
o;af/]df d]/f] k|wfgdGqL;Fu klg s'/fsfgL ePsf] xf] . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf r'gfj u/fpg] eg]sf] d'n'ssf] ;du| ;d:ofx?;Fu ufFl;Psf] 5 . To;}n] r'gfj u/fpgsf nflu clxn]sf] k|wfgdGqLn] dfq r'gfj u/fpg ;Sb}gg\ . o;sf nflu l;+uf] /fhgLlts zlQmx? vf;u/L dfcf]jfbL zlQmx?nfO{ ;d]t Pp6f d]rsf] jl/kl/ a;fpg] cleofg ug'{k5{ To;sf nflu gful/s ;dfh tyf cGt/f{li6|o ljleGg vfnsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ;sf/fTds 9+un] ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] xf] eg] cyjf ;/sf/, dfcf]jfbL, /fhgLlts kf6L{ / /fhfnfO{ k|z:t ?kdf bjfj lbg] xf] eg] r'gfj klg x'g;S5 d'n'sn] cu|ufdL lgsf; klg kfpg ;S5 . clxn] g]kfnsf] @#) jif{eGbf a9Lsf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df ;dfwfg ug{ g;s]sf ;+/rgfTds ;d:ofx? h;n] ul/aL, cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f, bdg, plTk9gnfO{ ;[hgf u5{ / lg/Gt/tf lbG5 To:tf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu ;a}eGbf klxnf] cleofg x'g'k5{ / Tof] cleofg /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng4f/f cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ . To:tf] a9fpFbf of] k|wfgdGqL of Pp6f kf6L{sf] g]tfn] dfq of] ug{ ;Sb}g To;}n] of] l;+uf] /fi6|sf ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg] xf] eg] r'gfj klg x'g;S5 d'n'sn] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf ;fy} lbuf] zflGt klg :yfkgf x'g ;S5 .

ufpF ufpFdf clxn] o'jf o'jtLx? b]z 5f8]/ sfdsf] vf]lhdf lx8\g]x? al9/x]sf 5g\ o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfO{+x?sf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?df sfd ug]{ dfG5]x? t e]6\g'x'G5 <
w]/} b'u{d / lk5l8Psf lhNnfx? h:t} ?s'd /f]Nkf, ;Nofg, k"j{sf tfKn]h'+u, ;+v'jf ;ef, ef]hk'/ h:tf lhNnfx?df hxfF aGbsf] w]/} k|efj k/]sf] 5 To:tf 7fpFx?af6 dfG5]x? knfog eP/ ljb]zLg] Pp6f cleofg g} rn]sf] 5 . To;f] t o;/L ljb]z hfg] df}sf gkfPsf eP ToxfF ltg} dfG5]x? dfcf]jfbL x'g afWo x'g'kg]{ lyof] xf]nf h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . o;nfO{ To; 9+un] x]bf{ ufpFsf o'jfo'jtLx? ljb]z nfUg'nfO{ klg ;sf/fTds lng ;lsG5 . hxfF;Dd kl/of]hgfdf sfd ug{df clxn] klg ufpFdf w]/} dfG5]x? 5g\ / To:tf dfG5]x?nfO{ kl/of]hgfx?n] /rgfTds lsl;dn]] dflg;sf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu cj;/x? ;[hgf x'g ;Sof] eg] c/a / cGo d'n'sdf uP/ sfd ug'{eGbf cfkm\g} d'n'sdf sfd ug{ tof/ x'G5 . To;/L /rgfTds lsl;dn] sfd ug{ tof/ ePsf] o'jf k':tfn] d'n'snfO{ lbuf] zflGt, k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] kIfdf cfkm"nfO{ z;Qm ?kdf ptfg{sf nflu sfd ug{ ;S5 .
To;}n] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of eg]sf] zflGt lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf 4G4 ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmofdf ;3fp k'/\ofpgsf nflu klg d'n'sn] nfdf] ;dob]lv ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ;d:of csf]{ efiffdf eGbf 4G4sf d"n sf/0fx? eGg] u5f}{+ . xfd|f] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df d'n'sdf rf/kfFrj6f d'Vo /fhgLlts kl/jt{gx? ePsf 5g\ . tL /fhgLlts kl/jt{gx?df efu lng]x? eg] ;a} ul/a, cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f bdgdf k/]sf dfG5]x? x'g] / Tof] ;d:ofnfO{ /fhgLlts ;+emf}tf4f/f ;dfwfg ug]{ ;dfwfg ul/;s]kl5 /fhgLlts ?kdf cfPsf JolQmx?n] tL hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngsf d'4fx?nfO{ ;d]6\g g;Sg] l:ylt ljutb]lv g} /lx/x]sf] 5 . o;}n] xfdLn] oL ;a} d'4fx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ cufl8 uof}+ eg] d'n'sdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? ;[hgf ul/of] eg] zflGt tyf k|hftGq / ljsf;sf kIfdf sfd ug{sf nflu o'jfo'jtLx/ aflx/ hfg 5f8\g] 5g\ / ;a}n] b]zd} sfd ug]{ 5g\ . To:tf] sf/0fn] klg xfd|f] cleofgnfO{ cem z;Qm agfpg' h?/L 5 .

clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnsf nflu s] ug{ ;S5g\ <
ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof clxn]sf] cj:yfdf Hofb} 7"nf] 5 . ;+;f/e/L g} g]kfnLx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . sltko 7fpFdf g]kfnLx?n] ;Ddfghgs sfd u/]/ ;fdflhs hLjgsf ljleGg kIfx?df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]/ a;]sf 5g\ . tL g]kfnL hgtfx?n] g]kfnsf] nflu Hofb} 7"nf] of]ubfg k'/\ofpg ;S5g\ . vf;u/L /fhgLlts ?kdf eGg'x'G5 eg] dfcf]jfbL, ;/sf/ / /fhfnfO{ ;+emf}tfdf hfgsf nflu z;Qm ?kdf bjfj lbg] sfd ug]{, g]kfndf zflGt / ljsf;sf nflu nfu]sf ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ af}l4s ?kdf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxtdf s;/L t6:y ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fx? lbg ;Sg] w]/} g]kfnLx? ljb]zdf x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] g]kfnLx?sf] h'g To:tf vfnsf of]Uotf /x]sf] 5 Tof] g]kfnLx?sf] of]UotfnfO{ klg g]kfn ;/sf/, xfdL h:tf ;fdflhs sfo{df nfu]sfx?, clg g]kfnsf /fhgLlt1x?n] u+eL/tfk"j{s a'em]/ d'n'snfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; lbgsf nflu pxfFx?;Fu ePsf] cyfxf zlQm, ;fwg ;|f]tnfO{ pkof]u ug]{ Pp6f gLlt aGg ;Sof] eg] / ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] g]kfnk|lt / g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsk|lt pxfFx?sf] efjgfnfO{ klg ;+jf]wg ug{ ;Sof] eg] jf:tjdf ljb]zdf a;]sf nfvf}+ g]kfnLx?n] l;+uf] d'n'ssf] eljionfO{ kl/jt{g ug{;Sg] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .
To;nfO{ xfd|f] ;/sf/, /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] u+eL/tfk"j{s ga'em]sf] h:tf] dnfO{ nflu/x]sf] 5 . To;nfO{ /fd|f];Fu a'emfpg ;lsof] eg] l;+uf] d'n'ssf] d'xf/ km]g]{ sfd ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

clxn]sf] zflGt jftf{df ljb]zL s'g} ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] rf;f] b]vfO/x]sf 5 ls 5}g t <
vf;u/L clxn]sf] zflGt jftf{sf nflu cd]l/sfaf6 eGg'x'G5 eg] k"j{ /fi6|klt hLldsf6{/sf] cu'jfOdf /x]sf] sf6{/ ;]G6/n] y'k|} OR5fx? JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . o;} ljifodf clxn] klg xfdLaLr 5nkmn ePsf] 5 .
To:t} csf]{ jftf{ / ;xdltsf] d'4fx?nfO{ to ug{ rfv ;+o'Qm/fi6| ;+3n] klg b]vfPsf] 5 .
a]nfot ;/sf/n] klg o;df d ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf v]Ng kfP x'GYof] eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 .
To:t} :jLh/Nof08 / :k]gsf s]xL k|ltli7t h:tf] clk|msf / Nofl6g cd]l/sfdf o:tf zflGt k|lqmofdf sfd u/]sf ;+:yfx?n] klg rfv lbPsf 5g\ .
To:t} o'/f]lkog sld6Ln] klg xfdL h:tf] ;'s} lsl;dn] klg of] zflGt k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5f} elg/x]sf 5g\ .
sltko cGt/f{li6|o zlQmx?n] tkfO{+x? zflGt k|lqmofdf cufl8 a:gf];\ tkfO{+x?nfO{ rfx]sf] a]nf xfdL ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5f} eg]/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

o:tf] x'Fbf xF'bf x'Fb} klg zflGt k|lqmof lsg cufl8 a9\g ;ls/x]sf 5}g t <
of] nlDag'sf] sf/0f d'Vo t d'n'sdf ;/sf/} gx'g' xf] . b]pjfnfO{ /fhfn] c;Ifd eg]/ lgsfn] kl5 slxNo} :yfoL ;/sf/ aGg ;s]g . d'n'sdf z;Qm k|s[ltsf] ;/sf/sf] pkl:ylt gx'g] ljlQs} jftf{sf y'k|} ;+efjgfx? cufl8 a9fgsf nflu ;d:ofx? v8f ePsf 5g\ .
xfdL klg of] a]nfdf ljb]zdf 3'd]/ eGbf g]kfnd} a;]/ of] zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsG5 ls eGg] nflu/x]sf] 5 . of] a]nfdf ljb]zLx?sf] ;xof]u ;dy{g h'6fpg] / ;xof]u ;dy{g x'Fb}g eg] klg xfd|f] zflGt cleofgdf efFhf] dfq} xflnlbPgg\ eg] klg yk|} pknAwL x'G5 ls eGg] nfu]sf] 5 .
ca g]kfndf ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL aLr jftf{ t'?Gt z'? x'g] cj:yf 5 / h:tf] dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg xfdL t'?Gt l;;kmfo/ ub}{gf} t/ xfdL jftf{sf nflu tof/ 5f} elg/x]sf 5g\ .
xfdL jftf{sf] af6f] to ug]{ tof/Ldf nfu]sf 5f}+ . jftf{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts zlQmx?nfO{ g} ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 b]pjfsf] ;/sf/;Fudfq jftf{ u/]/ s]xL kmfObf 5}g .

aflx/ a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls
g]kfn aflx/ a:g] g]kfnLx? d}n] hlt e]6]sf] 5' . sltko Tof] b]zsf] gful/s ePklg g]kfnk|ltsf] dfofddtf w]/} kfPsf] 5' . pxfFx?sf] dfofddtf lg/Gt/ x'g'k5{ . d'n'snfO{ ;+s6 k/]sf] a]nf g]kfnL 8fo:kf]/faf6 ;of]u x'g]5 eGg] cfzf /fVb5' .

s'g} …kfj/Ú k|bfg gePsf] /fhtGqdf cfklQ 5}g

;Gtf]if a'9fdu/, g]skf dfcf]jfbL du/ft :jfoQ k|b]z k|d'v
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- 6'6km'6 5}g . Psbd} 6'6km'6 5}g . d of] s'/f dfGb} dflGbg . hltj6f /fhgLlts kf6L{sf ;fyLx? 5g\, ;a} d]/f glhssf 5g\ . xfdL Pp6f 3/sf h:tf] eP/ a;]sf 5f}+ . kl/l:yltj;\ xfdLn] o;/L sfd ug{ kfPb]lv oxfFaf6 dfG5] d'n's kmsf{OGYof] xf]nf, eGg] ;}4flGts ljifodf Ps-b'O{j6f s'/fx? gldn]sf] dfq} x'g;S5 . oxfF ef]ln z/0ffyL{af6 b'O{dt x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5}g . oxfFx?n] hlt /fhgLlts kf6L{x? b]Vg'eof], tL ;a} z/0ffyL{df b]Vg'eof] . e"6fgleq /fhgLlts kf6L{ g} 5}gg\ . e"6fgleq sfd ug]{ sf]xL dfG5] 5Fb}5}gg\ . laNs'n z"Go l:ylt 5 ToxfF . Pp6f dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+u7g;d]t 5}g e"6fgdf . Psnfv z/0ffyL{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{x?n] of] kf6L{ / Tof] kf6L{ eg]sf cfwf/df e"6fgdf k|hftGq cfpF5 eGg klg ldNb}g e"6fgleqs} dfG5]nfO{ xfdLn] hfu/0f u/fpg' k5{, oL z/0ffyL{x? ha e"6fg kms{G5g\, ta pgLx?n] gofF nx/sf] csf]{ cfGbf]ng yfn]kl5 dfq e"6fgleqsf] ;'wf/sf] s'/f x'G5 . g]kfndf a;]/ e"6fgdf k|hftGq cfpF5 eg]/ s/fP/ s]xL klg x'g]jfnf 5}g .
) z/0ffyL{nfO{ e"6fg kmsf{pg w]/}j6f k|of;x? eP, /fhgLlts bnx?n] z'?df clkn cfGbf]ng u/]/ /fhgLlts ;+3if{dfkm{t z/0ffyL{ kmsf{pg] k|of; u/] . g]kfn-e"6fgaLrsf w]/}j6f jftf{x?af6 klg of] ;d:of kf/ nfu]g . clxn] tkfO{+x? o;nfO{ cGt/f{li6"os/0f ug'{k5{ eGb} x'g'x'G5, t}klg of] dfu k"/f ePsf] 5}g . z/0ffyL{ :jb]z kmsf{pg] oL ;a} ljlwx? ca c;kmn ;fljt eO;s]gg\ / <
- xfdL z/0ffyL{n] u/]sf cfGbf]ngnfO{ bx|f]?kdf ljZjn] lnOlbg' x'Fb}g . xfdL e"6fgaf6 nv]l6Psf xf}+ . z/0ffyL{ s;nfO{ elgG5 < z/0ffyL{ Tof] xf], hf] Hofg} arfpg g;Sbf sfvsf] b"w] afnsnfO{ ;d]t 5f8]/ s'b]sf] x'G5 . s'Dnf]-s'6'/f] af]s]/, hUuf-hdLg a]r]/ cfPsf] dfG5] t xf]Og z/0ffyL{ eg]sf] . ;/sf/n] cft+s dRrfP/ v]b]kl5 xfdL t];|f] b]zdf a;]sf 5f}+ . aLrdf ef/t 5 . ef/tn] z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfgk|lt rf;f] b]vfOlbPs} 5}g . p;n] rf;f] b]vfOlbPsf] eP oL dflg;x? ef/tLo e"ldaf6 g]kfn g} k:b}g lyP xf]nfg\ . z/0ffyL{n] u/]sf] k|of;nfO{ otf ef/tn] klg ljkmn agfOlbPsf] 5 eg] e"6fgn] klg ;'g'jfO u/]sf] 5}g / g]kfnn] klg z/0ffyL{ kmsf{P/} 5f8\5' eGg] b'9 ;ª\sNk gu/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ;d:of lbgk|ltlbg u'h|b} uP/ cfh dfG5] g]kfnaf6} lj:yflkt x'g yfln;s] .
) g]kfnn] b[9tf b]vfPg eGg ldN5 / <
g]kfnn] k|of; gu/]sf] eGg t ldNb}g . t/ h'g ?kdf k|of; ug'{kYof]{ Tof] ?kdf u/]g . obfx/0fsf nflu eGg] xf] eg] oxfF cfPkl5 d}n] ljb]zdf uP/ s'/f /fV5' eg]/ ha g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu af/Daf/ eg]+, g]kfnn] ;'lglbPg . o; ;d:ofnfO{ cGt/f{li6"os/0f u5'{ / ljZj;d'bfosf] dg a6'n]/ z/0ffyL{ kmsf{pg e"6fgnfO{ bafj lbG5' eGg] hf]zn] d g]kfn cfPsf] lyPF . dnfO{ g]kfnn] aflx/ hfg] 6"fen 8s'd]06 g} lbPg . d]/} 3/sf dfG5] dfl/Psf 5g\, d]/} 3/ 89fOPsf] 5, d !) jif{ h]n a;]sf] 5', d]/} d'2f d cfkm}n] af]N5' eGbfwl/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] d2t ulb{Pg . ca s;/L g]kfnn] Psnfv z/0ffyL{ e"6fg kmsf{pg] /x]5 eg]/ ljZjf; ug]{ <
) p;f]eP z/0ffyL{n] cfGbf]ng u/]/ pgLx? cfkm} :jb]z kms{g ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f ljZj;d'bfon] cfzf gu/] x'G5 x}g t <
- cjZo . lsgeg] csf{sf] b]zdf a;]sf z/0ffyL{x?n] cfGbf]ng ug]{ 7fpF 5}g .
) g]kfn e"6fgaLr !% k6s;Dd b'O{kIfLo jftf{ eO{ k|df0fLs/0fsf] sfd z'? eO;Sbf klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ePg, o;af6 s] lzIff lng] < ca b'O{kIfLo jftf{sf] cf}lrTo 5 jf 5}g <
- e"6fgn] hfgLhfgL dfG5] v]b]sf] xf] . juL{s/0fsf] k|lqmofdf p;n] g]kfn;Fu 3'F8f 6]s]/ oL dfG5] e"6fgL x'g\ eGg] :jLsfg'{ k¥of] . juL{s/0fn] e"6fgnfO{ 3'F8frflx+ 6]sfPs} xf], t/ e"6fgn] oL dfG5] nfg gdfGg'n] of] k|i6 eof] ls p;n] hfgLhfgL dfG5]x? v]b]sf] lyof] . oL dfG5] e"6fgL klg x'g\ eGg' clg ToxfF uPkl5 p;n] eg]sf] sfd dfq} ug'{, 3]/fleq a:g', p;s} efiff dfq} af]lNbg' o:tf] dgf]kf]nL klg rN5 < of] s'g} lgzfkm xf] < hgtfsf] dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] 5}g eGg Tof] b]znfO{ nfh nfUg'kg]{ xf] . / g}, d}n] s] eGg vf]h]sf] xf] eg], g]kfnn] e"6fg;Fu s'/f u/]/ oL dfG5]nfO{ kmsf{cf}+ eGb}df e"6fgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}g . oL dfG5]x? jxfF km]l/ Hjfnfdf k5{g . g]kfnn] e"6fgsf] sfg"gsf] ;'wf/ / km]/abn ug'{;\ eGg klg ;Sbf] /x]g5 . e"6fg ;+o'Qm /fi6";+3sf] Pp6f ;b:o xf] . z/0ffyL{ ;d:of g]kfnn] a]sf/df cfÎgf] 6fpsfdf lnb}5 . g]kfnn] of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ljZjnfO{ sfd ug{ lbg'kg]{ xf] . ;+o'Qm /fi6";+3sf] j8fkqdf ;xL ul/;s]sf] e"6fg tF s] ub}{5;\ eg]/ c?nfO{ af]Ng] af6f] g]kfnn] vf]lnlbg'k5{ . ljZj;d'bfodf g]kfnn] of] d'2f cufl8 a9fOlbg'k5{ .
) z/0ffyL{nfO{ e"6fgL / u}/-e"6fgLdf juL{s/0f ug{] s'/fsf] tkfOFn] lsg lj/f]w ug'{ePsf] xf] <
e"6fgn] s] ub{}5 eg] h-h;sf] e"6fgdf ;'Gtnfsf] aufg, cn}+rLsf] aufg, 6f/L hdLg, 7"nf7"nf 3/x? / a}+ssf] ;DklQ x8k ul/Psf] 5, tL vfnsf dfG5]nfO{ rfxL ljb]zLdf kfb}{5 . t/ lzlj/df a;]sf dfG5]nfO{ u}/-e"6fgL eGg ldNb} ldNb}g . pgLx? u}/-e"6fgL lyP eg] o"PgPr;Lcf/n] s;/L pgLx?nfO{ !@ aif{;Dd kfn]/ /fVof] < s;/L g]kfnn] ltg} dfG5]nfO{ z/0ffyL{ eg]/ bftfx?;Fu vfgf dfUof] / cfh juL{s/0f u/]/ e"6fgL xf]Ogg\ eGg k'u]sf] xf] < of] b'MvnfUbf] s'/f xf] .
d}n] s] klg ;'g]sf] 5' eg] e"6fg / g]kfnsf] jftf{ ePsf a]nfdf e"6fgLkIfn] oqf] dfG5]x? e"6fgL x'g\ eg]/ gb]vfOlbgf];\ g . s]xL dfG5] rflx+ xf]Og /x]5g\ eGg] kflb{g';\ eGof] c/] . ;a} e"6fgL x'g\ eGbf t d'v b]vfpg] 7fp+ ePg eGg] e"6fgsf] cfu|x g]kfnn] dfg]kl5 &% k|ltztdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] xf] eGg] g]kfns} 6Ldn] xfdLnfO{ eg]sf] 5 .
) cGt/f{li6"os/0fsf] dfunfO{ lnP/ oxfFn] ut;fn r}q !& ut]b]lv @) ;Dd sf7df8f}+df cfd/0f cg;g klg a:g'eof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] oxfFnfO{ cfZjf;g klg lbPsf] lyof] . t/, clxn];Dd ;f] dfuaf/] lsg ;'g'jfO ePsf] 5}g < z/0ffyL{sf] d'2f cGt/f{li6"os/0f xf]nf eg]/ cem} cfzfjfbL x'g'x'G5 <
- of] cGt/f{li6"os/0f x'g}kb{5 . g]kfnn] e"6fgs} nf]nf]kf]tf]df nfu]/ x'Fb}g . of] Psnfv dfG5]sf] dfq} ;d:of x}g . e"6fgsf ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] hLjg cfn;-tfn; kfl/lbP/ sfnfGt/;Dd g]kfnsf] 5lj laufg]{ xf] eg] t xfdL s]xL eGg ;Sb}gf}+ . t/ g]kfnn] z/0f lbO;s]kl5 tL dflg;x?sf] l3gnfUbf] d'2fnfO{ arfOlbP/ e"6fgsf] OHht hf]ufOlbG5' eGg' b'MvnfUbf] s'/f xf] .
log} s'/fx?nfO{ x]/]/ d cflht eP/ cg;gdf a;]sf] lyPF . g]kfn ;/sf/n] 7Ls} 5 xfdL ef/t;Fu s'/f u/]/ x'G5 ls ljZj;d'bfo;Fu s'/f u/]/ tkfOFx?nfO{ ;-;Ddfg :jb]z kmsf{pg] k|of; u5f}+{ eg]/ cfZjf;g lbPsf] 5 . t/ g]kfn klg clxn] cfkm\g} cfGtl/s ;d:ofdf u'h'N6f]df kl//fv]sf] 5 . of] cj:yfdf xfdLn] a];L ugug ug'{eGbf g]kfn ;/sf/n] dfgjLo gftfdf xfd|f] d'2f cjZo} x]5{ eg]/ d s]xL lbgnfO{ kv{]/ a;]sf] 5' . t/ d o;} u/L r'k nfu]/ al;/xg] kIfdf rfFxL 5}g .
) tkfO{sf] dfu g]kfn ;/sf/n] k"/f u/]g eg] cGTodf s] ug'{x'G5 <
g]kfn ;/sf/n] oxfF z/0f lb+bf]/x]g 5 / g]kfndf a;]/ d}n] af]Ng kfpFbf] /x]g5' eg] csf{] ljsNk ;f]Rg'kg{] x'G5 . t/ d]/f] ljsNk eg]sf] ;w}+ zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng x'G5 .
) tkfO{F t ;w}+ zflGt / dfgjflwsf/s} kIfdf ple+b} cfpg' ePsf] 5, t/ zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] of] ;d:of ;dfwfg ePg / e"6fgL hgtf cflht eP eg] o'jfk':tfn] lx+;fTds af6f]tkm{ ;dfpnf h:tf] nfU5 ls nfUb}g <
- Tolta]nf z/0ffyL{n] ug{] cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6}dfq ljsNk x'G5, xltof/ p7fpg' . d nfdf] ;dob]lv ;/sf/ / hgtfsf] aLrdf sfd u/]sf] dfG5] xf] . d}n] dfgjflwsf/sf] If]qdf dfq} sfd u/]sf] x'Fbf Ps gful/sn] csf]{ gful/snfO{ dfg{] sfddf nfUg d OR5's 5}g . d]/f] dfGotf t ;a}n] dfgj clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg'k5{, ;a}n] afFRg kfpg'k5{ eGg] xf] . t/ clxn] z/0ffyL{x?aLr Pp6f s'/fdf 5nkmn x'g yfn]sf] 5 . z/0ffyL{x? b'O{ u|'k ePsf 5g\ . Pp6f u'|k zflGt;Fu kms{]/ hfg] kIfdf 5g\ csf]{ gofF o'jflk+9L, h;n] cfkm\gf afa'-cfdf ;f]emf]-l;wf ePsfn] e"6fg ;/sf/n] s'6lk6, xTof / cTofrf/ u/]sf] b]v], pgLx? zflGtk"0f{ af6f]af6 x'Fb}g eg] ;+3if{ g} ug'{k5{ ls eg]/ ;f]r agfpg yfln;s]sf 5g\ .
cTofrf/sf] r/d ;Ldfdf o:t} x'G5 . x/ t/xaf6 n'l6Psf], w'ltPsf] JolQm st}af6 klg lg;fkm kfpFb}g eg] s] x'G5 < ;+;f/df oxL eP/ lx+;f / cft+s km}lnPsf] xf] . ha s'g} b]zn] ;xL lg;fkm lb+b}g / hgtfnfO{ cTofrf/ u5{, ToxL,ToxL 7fpFdf lx+;f km}lnPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . e"6fg ;/sf/n] klg jf:tjdf oxL lrhnfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5, xfdLn] xf]Og . e"6fg ;/sf/n] hfgL hfgL sfg"gx? km]/]/ cft+s km}nfPsf] 5 . of] ;d:of ldnfpg ljZjn] e"6fgnfO{ bafj lbg'k5{ . obL ljZjn] bafj lbPg eg] cjZo klg e"6fgdf /Qmkft x'g;S5, o;df s;}sf] b'O{dt x'g ;Sb}g . ToxfF /Qmkft eof] eg] To;sf] lhDd]jf/ e"6fgsf /fhf lhUd]l;+u] jfª\r's g} x'g'k5{ . e"6fg $-% nfvsf] dfq cfjfbL ePsf] ;fgf] b]z xf], ToxfF ef]ln s]xL klg x'g ;Sb5 .
) s]xL dlxgfcl3 e"6fg / ef/t ldn]/ ToxfF n's]sf pNkmf-af]8f]nufotsf k[ystfjfbL ;z:q ljb|f]xLnfO{ wkfpg] sfd eof] . o;cl3 lsg pgLx?nfO{ e"6fgn] cf>o lbPsf] lyof] / cfh cfP/ wkfOof] <
- klxnf e"6fgn] g} pgLx?nfO{ lgdGq0ff u/]/ hUuf-hdLg lbPsf] xf] . oxfF a;]/ ef/tlj?4 n8 / e"6fgsf] e"ld k|of]u u/]jfkt ;fnsf] s/f]8f}+ ?k}ofF lt/ eg]/ /fh;Qfn] pgLx?nfO{ /fv]sf] xfdL;Fu lnlvt k|df0f 5 . t/, v} lsg ;]gf nufP/ aflx/ nv]l6of] . zfob ef/tn] olt rsf{] lj/f]w unf{ eg]/ p;n] ;f]r]sf] lyPg xf]nf .
) ca Tof] 6fpsf] b'MvfO ;dfKt eof] t <
- To;sf] k|ltkmn ca e"6fgn] ef]U5 . tL k[ystfjfbL;Fu xfd|f] ;DaGw t 5}g . t/, e"6fgn] l5d]sLx?";Fu ;Demf}tf u/]/ zflGtk"0f{?kdf pgLx?nfO{ kmsf{pg' kYof]{ . p;sf] of] l3gnfUbf] l:yltn] ubf{ ;LdfIF]qsf hgtf;Fu klg e"6fgsf] ;DaGw lalu|of] . b]vfj6L?kdf dfq} ef/t;Fu e"6fgsf] /fd|f] 5 elgG5, t/ e"6fg / ef/tsf zf;sx?sf aLrdf dfq} ;DaGw /fd|f] 5 . ef/tn] ubf{ xfdL e"6fgL hgtf klg kLl8t eO/fv]sf 5f}+ . ptf, ef/tsf hgtfnfO{ klg e"6fgn] wf]sf lbO/x]sf] 5 . …6]/f]l/:6Ú eg] klg pgLx? s;}sf 5f]/fx? t x'g\ . e"6fgn] cfh blIf0fL e"6fgL hgtfsf] dfq xf]Og, l5d]sL b]zsf hgtfsf] klg dg b'vfO;s]sf] 5 .
) oqf] hgtf v]b]kl5 t e"6fgL /fh;+:yf 9'Ss;Fu a;]sf] xf]nf lg t <
- s] 9'Ss x'GYof] < lg+b x/fd 5 e"6fg ;/sf/sf] . e"6fgdf $ j6f af6fx? dfq 5g\, ;a} ef/taf6 k:5g\ . d'lgsf dfG5]n] cfqmf]zdf cfP/ af6f] aGb ul/lbP eg] ToxfF g"g klg hf+b}g . o:tf] b]zn] l5d]sLx?sf] dg b'vfpg' x'Fb}g .
) e"6fgdf klg dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hlGdPsf] xNnf ;'lgG5, /fhfn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGq glbg] xf] eg] g]kfndf h:t} ToxfF klg dfcf]jfbLsf] /fFsf] blGsg] kf] xf] ls <
- of] ljifodf e"6fgL /fhfn] dfq} xf]Og, ef/t ;/sf/n] klg ax't ;r]t x'g'k5{ . of] ;d:of u'h'N6f] x'Fb} uof] eg] k"jL{If]qdf ef/tnfO{ ;d]t cK7\of/f] k5{ . ljZjn] …6]/f]l/:6ÚnfO{ ;dfKt ug'{k5{ eG5 . t/ To;nfO{ /f]Sg] xf] eg] Tof] l:ylt hGdg] vfnsf ljsNkaf6 klxNo} ;fjwfg x'g'k5{ . o;y{ /fhfn] a]n}df xf]; k'¥ofP/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;s]sf v08df ToxfFsf] /fh;+:yf nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg ;Sb5 . gq, hgtfnfO{ nv]6]/ rf/hgf aGb'swf/Lsf e/df lhT5' eGg] e"6fgsf] yf]q] c8fg l6Sg ;Sb}g .
) ef/tdf klg ;Qf kl/jt{g eof], g]kfndf klg bnx?sf] xftdf ;Qf cfpg] qmddf 5, o;n] z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ s:tf] k|efj kfnf{ <
- xfdL Psbd} cfzfjfbL 5f}+ . xfdL ;w} 3/jf/ljxLg eP/, sfqf] lsGg g;Sg] eP/ al;/x]sf 5f}+ . blIf0f Plzofdf /fd|f] 5, d]/f] b]zdf /fd|f] 5 eg]/ g]tfx? s'nL{s'nL{ a:g'x'Gg . g]tfx?n] a'lemlbg'x'G5 / ;Dk"0f{ blIf0f Pl;ofs} hgtfnfO{ v'Nnf?kdf afFRg] jftfj/0f hGdfOlbg' x'G5 eGg] d}n] cfzf u/]sf] 5' .
) h]g]ef hfgsf nflu tkfO{+nfO{ g]kfnn] 6"fen 8s'd]06 lbPg, cfufdL h"gdf lkmlnlkG;sf nflu lgDtf] cfPsf] ;'lgG5, ToxfF hfgsf nflu ;/sf/n] cg'dlt b]nf <
- clxn];Dd lbPs} 5}g . of] s'/f g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;'Gg} dfg]sf] 5}g . d}n] ljb]z ;lrj, u[x ;lrjnfO{ klg n]v]/ lbPsf] 5' . zfob, k|wfgdGqL km]l/Psf sf/0fn] klg xf]nf . u[x ;lrjn] Sofljg]6n] dfq} ug{ ;S5 eg]sf 5g\ /] . of] ljifodf g]kfnn] sfd gul/lbPsfdf dnfO{ lrGtf nfu]sf] 5 . t/, cfzf rflx+ df/]sf] 5}g . gofF ;/sf/ ag]kl5 u5{ xf]nf eGg] k|ltIffdf 5' .
) tkfO{+sf] …lgjf{;gÚ eGg] cfTdj[QfGt slxn] k|sflzt x'G5 <
- ca rfF8} cfpFb}5 . d s'g} n]vs jf ;flxTosf/ t xf]Og, t/ g]kfnL / cª\u|]hL b'a} efiffdf k|sflzt x'g] of] k':ts k9]kl5 e"6fgsf] jf:tljstf a'‰g zfob ToxfF uO/xg' kb}{g eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .
) e"6fgL ;/sf/n] x8k]sf] z/0ffyL{sf] e"ld / ;DklQsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ eGg'x'GYof], pQm sfd slxn]b]lv z'? x'G5 <
- ca d SofDk hfFb}5' . o;sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu z/0ffyL{sf] cg'dlt dflu/x]sf] 5' .
) tkfO{+sf] ;'/Iff;DaGwL g]kfn ;/sf/n] slQsf] rf;f] lbO/x]sf] 5 <
- cK7\of/f] 5 dnfO{ . Totfkl§, d]/f] ljklQsf] ljifokl§ ghfOlbg';\ . s] ug]{, ;/sf/n] g} a'‰b}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf d}n] g]kfndf a:g'k5{ xf]nf eg]/ sNkgf;Dd klg u/]sf] lyOFg .

/fhf /flv/xFbf /fhf;Fu åGå dfq eO/xG5

g/xl/ cfrfo{ -g]kfnL sf+u|];, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o_
hgj/L @#, @))$

;8sdf olta]nf u0ftGqsf] gf/f lbgk|ltlbg al9/x]sf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_ nufotsf s]xL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x? >L % af6 k|ltudg ;RofP u0ftGqsf] gf/f :jtM x6]/ hfg] ljZn]if0f ul//x]sf 5g\, t/ of] wf/0ffeGbf laNs'n} cnu wf/0ff /fVg'x'G5, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o g/xl/ cfrfo{ .
sf+u|]; kf6L{leq Pp6f ljrf/sf ?kdf lrlgg] cfrfo{sf ljZn]if0fx? kl5Nnf lbgdf ;xL ;flat x'Fb} uPsf / clxn] pxfF ca u0ftGqsf] dfu gx/fpg] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{x'G5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} æ;+j}wflgs /fh;+:yf / ax'bnLo k|hftGqÆ sf] gLlt lnP/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5, t/ g]tf cfrfo{ ca sf+u|]; kf6L{leq æu0ftGqsf] ljifo :s'nsf] ?kdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf]Æ bfaL ug{'x'G5 .
/fh;+:yfsf] kf/blz{tfsf] ljifo p7fpFbf kf6L{sf] sf/afxL;d]t ef]lu;Sg'ePsf cfrfo{ clxn] cfˆgf] kf6L{nufot cfGbf]ng/t bnx? /fh;+:yfsf] ljifodf cfˆg} wf/0ffdf ;xdt x'g cfPsf] cj:yfdf /fhgLlts ;f]rdf kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] t 7fGg'x'G5, t/ cfGbf]ngsf] k|s[ltk|lt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'Gg . k|:t't 5 kqsf/ lszf]/ ;fksf]6fn] g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu cfrfo{;Fu ug'{ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf s]xL c+zx? .

clxn] u0ftGqsf] dfu k'gM a9]/ uPsf] 5, ca of] dfu oyfjt\ /xnf ls klxn] em}+ x/fpF5 <

u0ftGqsf] gf/f p7\g' zfxL sbdsf] k|ltlqmof x'g;S5 . t/ ca u0ftGqsf] ljifo k|ltlqmof pQ]hgf jf gf/fdf dfq ;Lldt /x]g . of] ljrf/ klxnfb]lv g} lyof], clxn] s]jn ;txdf cfPsf] dfq xf] . @))& / @)$^ ;fndf klg u0ftGqsf] dfu gePsf] xf]Og, t/ of] dfu To;a]nf Tolt ;zQm?kdf p7\g ;s]g . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] of] ljifo p7\b} ylGsFb} u/]sf] 5 .
t/ clxn] u0ftGq Jofks 5nkmnsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 / j}slNks ;f]rsf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'Fb}5 . ;du|df eGg] xf] eg] g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] of] If0fdf cfOk'Ubf u0ftGq Pp6f d'Vo d'2f alg;s]sf] 5 . o;} sf/0f Pp6f ljrf/sf] txdf cfO;s]sf] u0ftGqsf] dfunfO{ /fhfnfO{ jf /fhgLlts bnn] xNsf ?kdf lng'x'Gg .

@))& ;fnb]lv g} g]kfnL sf+u|];leq u0ftGqsf] ljifodf 5nkmn eO/x]sf] 5 . %# jif{ laTbf klg lsg 6'+uf]df gk'u]sf] <

u0ftGqsf] ljifodf g]kfnL sf+u|]; lg0f{odf k'Ug g;Sg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f g]kfnL sf+u|];n] :yfkgfsfnb]lv c+ufNb} cfPsf] æ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGqÆ sf] gLlt g} xf] . nf]stGqjfbLx?sf] Pp6f :jfefljs l;4fGt eg]sf] u0ftflGqs k4lt g} xf], t/ g]kfnsf] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ gLlt to ePsf] xf] . gLlt s'g} df]8df jf kl/l:yltdf ablng ;S5 . nf]stflGqs Joj:yfdf hgtfsf] xft dfly kf/]/ /fhf;Fu ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ ljZjf;sf ;fy xfdLn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] gLlt agfPsf xf}+ . of] k|of]u cyjf dfGotfnfO{ cufl8 a9fP/ cfpFbf-cfpFb} of] %) jif{sf cg'ej jf e'Qmdfgn] klg clxn] u0ftGqsf] dfunfO{ ;zQm agfPsf] x'g ;S5 .
rf/-rf/ hgf /fhf;Fu af/Daf/ emu8f ub}{, ;Demf}tf / ;dembf/L ub}{ sf+u|];n] of] cfwf ztfAbL latfPsf] 5 . t/ ca clxn] cfP/ /fh;+:yf e/kbf]{ gb]lvPsfn /fh;+:yf / nf]stGqnfO{ ;Fu} lx+8fpg ;ls+b}g ls eGg] ljrf/ t sf+u|];leq k|an?kdf p7]sf] 5 . of] ljifo cem} klg ax;sf] txdf g} 5 .

sf+u|]; slxn];Dd 6'+uf]df k'Unf t < sf+u|];df u0ftGq kIfw/ jf lj/f]wL s'g ax'dtdf 5g\ <

s'g} klg lg0f{odf k'Ug kf6L{n] cfˆgf ;a} sfo{stf{x?sf] dg a'‰g h?/L 5 / clxn]sf] ax;n] ljrf/ a'‰g] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . oyfy{d} eGg] xf] eg] zx/df eGbf klg ufpFdf u0ftGqsf] dfu a9L ePsf] d}n] kfPsf] 5' . kf6L{sf lhNnf:t/Lo e]nfx?df u0ftGqsf] ljifo g} k|d'v d'2f alg/x]sf] 5 . /fhf /xg'-g/xg'eGbf klg u|fdL0f Onfsfdf zflGt sfod x'g' k|d'v d'2f ag]sf] 5 / u0ftGqsf] af6f]af6 zflGt sfod x'G5 eg] Totf lsg ghfg] eGg] k|:tfj pl7/x]sf] 5 .
o;/L clxn] x]bf{ ca u0ftGq sDo'lg:6x?sf] dfq geO{ ;femf Ph]G8fsf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'Fb}5 . /fhf /flv/xFbf /fhf;Fu åGå dfq eO/xG5, rf/j6f /fhf;Fu oxL ljifodf åGå eO/¥of] eg] d'n'snfO{ slt lbg åGådf cNemfpg], slt lbg k|ultsf] afws /flv/fVg] eGg] hgtfsf] k|Zg /xg] u/]sf] 5 .
hgtfsf] k4ltnfO{ ljsl;t ug{ vf]Hbf ;fgf] dfq} sl7gfO jf ufx|f]-;fx|f] cfOk¥of] eg] /fhfn] af/Daf/ cfqmd0f ug]{, wf]sf lbg] k|oTgx? x/]s k6s eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ca lsg o; ljifodf sf+u|];n] :jtGq 9+un] ljrf/ gug]{ < lsg nf]stGqsf af/]df Pp6f :jtGq lrGtg gug]{ < / d'n'ssf] vfsf lsg cnUu} gsf]g]{ < eGg] ljifo sf+u|]; e]nfdf pl7/x]sf 5g\ .
oyfy{d} clxn]sf] of] ljrf/ t sf+u|];sf] %) jif{sf] e'Qmdfg xf], t?0f ljBfyL{x?sf] cfqmf]z jf k|ltlqmof dfq eGg ldNb}g . of] kl/kSj / k|f}9x?aLrsf] ax;sf] ljifo xf] . t/ sf+u|]; slxn];Dddf lg0f{odf k'U5 eg]/ elgxfNg ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . lat]sf] %) jif{df jf ljz]iftM k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfkl5sf jif{df p7]sf ljrf/eGbf kl5Nnf] Ps dlxgfdf p7]sf ljrf/ w]/} cufl8 uO;s]sf 5g\, To;}n] hlt zL3| 5nkmn a9\5, Tolt g} rfF8f] 6'+uf] nfU5 .

clxn] k'/fgf] lk+9LeGbf gofF lk+9L u0ftGqsf] kIfdf plePsf] 5, o:tf] lsg ePsf] xf]nf <

k'/fgf] lk+9LeGbf gofF k':tf Ps} k6s u0ftGqsf] kIfdf pleg' eg]sf] Pp6f k|jfx / /fh;+:yfsf lqmofx?sf] kl/0flt xf] . k|jfx eGgfn] lzIff / ;~rf/n] hgtfsf] ;f]Rg] z}nLdf NofPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ a'‰g'k5{ . k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfk5fl8sf oL !$ jif{sf] cjlwdf b]zdf w]/} o'jfx? a9]sf 5g\, pgLx?n] nf]stflGqs Joj:yf s:tf] x'g'k5{ eg]/ /fd|/L a'em]sf 5g\ .
o;} u/L /fh;+:yfsf] lqmofsnfksf sf/0f klg u0ftGqsf] ljrf/df j[l4 ePsf] xf] . o;sf b'O{ j6f sf/0f 5g\ . @)%* ;fn h]7 !( ut] ePsf] b/af/ xTofsf08n] Psflt/ /fhf lji0f'sf] cjtf/ xf]Og /x]5g\ eGg] k|i6 kfl/lbPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ /fhfn] @)%( c;f]h !* df rfn]sf] sbdn] /fhf k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] kIfdf /x]g5g\ eGg] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . oL b'O{ j6f 36gfn]k/Dk/fut dfGotf af]Sg] / gofF dfGotfdf /fhfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{x?sf] ljrf/ ablnPsf] 5 / ljz]iftM o'jfk':tfnfO{ a9L k|efljt u/]sf] 5 .
o;} u/L clxn] o'jfx? a]/f]huf/ x'g' Pp6f ;fgf] sf/0f cjZo klg x'g;S5, lsgls clxn] aGb's af]Sg]x? klg o'jf g} x'g\ . ;8sdf zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdfkm{t u0ftGq dfUg] klg o'jf g} x'g\ . log} sf/0fn] u0ftGqsf] kIfdf a9L o'jflk+9L b]lvPsf] xf] .

@))& ;fnb]lv u0ftGqsf] ljrf/ hGdb}, x/fpFb} hfg'sf] sf/0f hgtfn] kf6L{x?nfO{ ljZjf; ug{ g;s]sf] xf] <

u0ftGqsf] dfunfO{ hgtfn] k|i6 ga'em]sf] / kf6L{x?nfO{ ljZjf; ug{ g;s]sf] ;To xf] . nf]stflGqs kf6L{x?n] u0ftGqsf] d'2fnfO{ ;zQm 9+un] p7fpg} ;s]gg\ eg] sDo'lg:6x?n] u0ftGq eg] klg Tof] k"0f{ u0ftGq lyPg . sDo'lg:6x?n] u0ftGq eg] klg PsbnLo k|s[ltsf] ePsfn] xfdL sDo'lg:6 k|s[ltsf] u0ftGq eGYof}+, Tof] k|s[ltsf] u0ftGqn] ubf{ hgtfn] kTofPgg\ . g]kfndf u0ftGqjfbL x'g' eg]sf] sDo'lg:6 x'g' xf] eGg] rrf{n] klg w]/} nf]stGqjfbLx?nfO{ u0ftGqaf6 ljd'v u/fof] . Pp6f kl/l:yltdf /fhf;Fu nf]stGqjfbLx?n] ;Demf}tf u/]/ ;+j}wflgs /fh;+:yf agfOlb+bf klg u0ftGqsf] ljrf/ p7\g] / ylGsg] u/]sf] xf], t/ clxn] cfP/ Tof] k|;+u lrl/Psf] 5 / u0ftGq eg]sf] nf]stflGqs zf;g k4ltdf k"0f{tf kfpg] /fHosf] :j?k xf] eGg] k|i6 ePsf] 5 .

tkfO{+sf ljZn]if0fx? kl5Nnf lbgsf ljZn]if0fx? ldn/x]sf 5g\, casf] /fhgLlts lgsf; s] x'g ;S5 <

;dfwfg b'O{ k|s[ltsf x'G5g\- bL3{sfnLg / cNksfnLg . g]kfnsf] kl/l:yltdf x]g]{ xf] eg] cNksfnLg ;dfwfg vf]h]/ To;dfkm{t bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg vf]Hg'k5{ . clxn] ;dembf/L / sdeGbf sd Ifltaf6 cNksfnLg ;dfwfg vf]Hg] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 / !* a'Fb] Ph]G8f oxL k|of; xf] .
of] Ph]G8fn] /fh;+:yfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{?kn] ;+;b\sf] dftxtdf /fVg] k|lqmofnfO{ k|f/De u/]sf] 5 . o;} u/L /fh;+:yfsf af/]df lg0f{o ug]{ clGtd lgsfo hgtf x'g\ eGg] dfGotfnfO{ ljsl;t u/]sf] 5 . of] s'/fdf d'n'sdf ;xdlt x'g ;Sof] eg] lg0f{osf] lhDdf g]kfnL hgtfdf hfG5 . of] k|lqmofdf hfg ;s] ;xdlt lgl:sPnf . t/ of] k|lqmofdf /fhf / dfcf]jfbLaf6 cj/f]w cfpg ;S5 . To;}n] kf6L{x?n] ;fd"lxs cu|;/tf lnP/ b'j}nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ .

cfGbf]ng/t bn !* a'Fb] Ph]G8f lnP/ cufl8 al9/x]sf a]nf g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] cfˆgf] /f]8Dofk to u/]sf] 5, o;n] cfGbf]ngdf Iflt k'¥ofpFb}g <

cfGbf]ngdf /x]sf kf6L{x?n] cfˆgf] ;fd"lxs zlQm lgdf{0fsf nflu ljrf/df, b[li6sf]0fdf / k|:tfjx?df ;d]t ;fd"lxstf k|bz{g ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . o;} qmddf kf6L{-kf6L{aLrsf cGt/lj/f]wsf afah'b klg cu|udgsf !* a'Fbf tof/ ePsf x'g\ .
clxn] cfP/ Pdfn]n] gofF ;+ljwfg tof/ ug]{ ljrf/nfO{ k|j]z u/fPsf] 5, of] ljljwtfn] dfq} cfGbf]ngnfO{ 7"nf] cj/f]w t ub}{g xf]nf, t/ h'g a]udf cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9\g] xf], h]-h:tf cfwf/x? tof/ x'Fb} hfg'kg]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] xf], To;nfO{ s]xL ;do cNdNofpg ;S5 .
emg\ a9L ;fd"lxstfsf] ljsf; ub}{ hfg'kg]{, !* a'Fb] Ph]G8fnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ k|lqmof to ug'{kg]{ ;dodf cnu-cnu 9+usf] b[li6sf]0f ljsl;t ePdf cfGbf]ng cNdlnG5 .
pko'Qm t Pdfn]n] cfˆg} cjwf/0ff eP klg klxnf kfFr kf6L{aLrdf 5nkmn u/fpg'k¥of] / ;femf cjwf/0ff agfP/} hgtfaLrdf Nofpg'kYof]{ . cem} klg kf6L{x?aLrdf lbn ldn]sf] /x]g5 eGg] Pdfn]sf] 5'§} cjwf/0ffn] b]vfpF5 . hgtfn] cfGbf]ng/t bnx? cfGbf]ngsf] d'b|fdf Psfu| ePsf 5}gg\ ls eGg] cfz+sf p7fPsf] d}n] kfPsf] 5' .

cu|udgsf !* a'Fbf klg ;fGble{s gePsf] / kl/dfy{gsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] ljrf/ cfO/x]sf] 5, tkfO{+sf] wf/0ff s] 5 <

!* a'Fbfdf klg ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostf t cjZo 5 . h'g lbg oL a'Fbf to eP, ToxL lbg klg o;df kl/dfh{gsf] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] lyof] . t/ ;a} kf6L{sf] dg ldnfpg klg kf6L{sf cf-cfˆgf cjwf/0ffeGbf km/s?kdf !* a'Fbf /x]sf 5g\ .
t/ ca kl/dfh{g ug'{k¥of] eg] lgs} cufl8 a9]/ g} kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ x'G5, lsgls clxn] d'n'sn] gofF af6f] ;dfKt nflu/x]sf] 5 . ljBdfg l:yltdf ;Dd t tL !* a'Fbf pkof]uL x'g ;Snfg\, t/ kl/l:ylt of]eGbf cufl8 a9\of] eg] cfGbf]ng/t bnx?n] ckgfpg] ljsNk;d]t ToxfF ;d]6\g'k5{ .

cfudL r}tk5fl8 k|ltlglw;efsf] :jefljs cfo' ;ls+b}5, To;kl5 k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu 5f]8\g'kb}{g <

cfufdL r}tk5fl8 k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfuaf6 Pdfn]n] cfkm"nfO{ x6fpg ;S5, To;}sf] k"jf{wf/sf] ?kdf p;n] clxn] cfˆgf cleJolQm Psf]xf]¥ofpFb}5 . lsgeg] lxhf] klg pm o; dfudf lyPg / ef]ln klg g/xg ;Snf . t/ sf+u|;n] of] k|fljlws dfu of /fhgLlts dfu xf] eg]/ lg0f{o ug]{ a]nf cfpF5 . k|fljlws dfu xf] eg] kfFr jif{sf] sfo{sfn r}tdf k'U5, t/ /fhgLlts dfu xf] eg] hgtfsf] gofF DofG8]6 gcfpGh]n ;flas DofG8]6n] sfd u5{ .
d gofF hgfb]z gcfpGh]n !) of @) jif{kl5 klg oxL hgfb]zn] sfd u5{ eGg] kIfdf 5' . of] k|of]u ljutdf g]kfnL /fhgLltd} k|of]u eO;s]sf] 5 . /fhf dx]Gb|af6 @)!& ;fndf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt /x]sf hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL aLkL sf]O/fnfnfO{ avf{:t ul/aS:of], t/ #) jif{kl5 g]kfnL sf+u|];s} sfjf ;efklt s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{nfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] s';L{ a'emfpg'k¥of] . Tof] l:ylt klg ;flassf] hgfb]zn] sfd u/]sf] kl/0flt lyof], gq t c? kf6L{sf klg t k|wfgdGqL agfpg ;lsGYof] lg . DofG8]6 hlt jif{;Dd klg sfod /xG5, To;nfO{ t gofF DofG8]6n] dfq} vl08t ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu ;+zf]wg ug'{k5{h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . t/ k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu ubf{ k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgf ePdf ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg x'G5 eGg] k|i6 lrq eg] lbg ;Sg'k5{ .
ljutdf klg k|ltlglw;ef lyof], t/ ;d:of oyfjt\ lyof], To;}n] hgtfn] k'g:yf{kgfn] s] lbG5 t eg]/ k|Zg p7fpg'k"j{ g} sf+u|];n] :ki6 lrq b]vfpg ;Sg'k5{, s'g kf6L{n] ;fy lbG5g\, s;n] lb+b}gg\ eg]/ jf:tf ug'{x'Fb}g .

>L % af6 /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?;Fu k/fdz{ hf/L /flvaS;sf] 5, o;n] ;dfwfg lgsfNb}g / <

>L % af6 cem} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ cNdNofpg rflxaS;]sf] 5 / /fhgLlts kf6L{x? cem} klg cfˆgf] uGtJo / sfo{z}nLsf af/]df k|i6 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f bz{ge]6n] b]vfPsf] 5 .
cf7 dlxgf;Dd ;8s ;+3if{ u/]/ /fhf;Fu e]6\g hfFbf cfˆgf Ph]G8fnfO{ 3/d} yGSofP/ hfg' cgf}7f] s'/f xf] . ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6df dfq} hfg] egL klxnf u/]sf] lg0f{o kl/jt{g ug'{x'Fb}gYof] eGg] kIfdf 5', Tof] lg0f{o kl/jt{g ul/;s]kl5 klg bz{ge]6df log} s'/f dfq} p7fpg] eg]/ to u/L ;fj{hlgs u/]/ dfq} hfg'kYof]{ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf xf] . cfGbf]ngdf hgtfnfO{ ptfl/;s]kl5 lg:sif{sf nflu hfFbf klg hgtfnfO{ t eGg}k5{ .
of] bz{ge]6nfO{ d /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] xtf/f]kg, c:ki6 dgl:yltsf] ?kdf x]l//x]sf] 5' . To;}n] of] bz{ge]6sf] z[ª\vnfnfO{ d @)%( c;f]h !* kl5sf] rf}yf] z[ª\vnf c;kmn eO/x]sf] 5, t}klg /fhgLlts kf6L{x? rf}yf] k6s klg e'mlSsO/x]sf 5g\, o;df dnfO{ cfZro{ nfu]sf] 5 .

/fhfaf6 tTsfn ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] kxn gePkl5 hgo'4/t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ;Fu klg kfFr bnsf] ;xsfo{sf] ;Defjgf 5 ls < sf+u|]; / dfcf]jfbLaLr jftf{ x'g] ;Defjgf sltsf] 5 <

>L % af6 @)%( c;f]h !* ut] hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ avf{:t u/]kl5 d"ntM b'O{ j6f ljrf/ cufl8 cfPsf lyP . Ps kIfn] of] /fhfn] lx+8\g] af6f] g} xf]Og elg/x]sf lyPeg] Ps kIfn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] ;Qfdf x'Fbf s]xL ug{ ;s]gg\, dfcf]jfbL ;d:of oxL ;dodf hlGdof], To;}n] /fhfnfO{ ;dfwfgsf nflu kxn ug{ lsg glbg] elg/x]sf lyP . t/ bf];|f] ljrf/sf kIfw/x? clxn] /fhfaf6 s'g} klg ;d:ofsf] lgsf; glgl:sg] /x]5 eg]/ r'k nfu]sf 5g\ . To;}n] casf] af6f] eg]sf] cfGbf]ng/t kf6L{x?sf] PstfnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ hgtfsf] kIfdf a9LeGbf a9L pknlAw xfl;n ug'{ xf] .
/fhfaf6 ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg gx'g] b]v]kl5 bnx?n] ;dfwfg vf]Hg] qmddf cfGbf]ng/t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ;Fu ;d]t jftf{ ug'{kg]{ xf] . Pdfn] / hgdf]rf{ g]kfnn] cf}krfl/s?kdf g} dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ u/] eg] cGo kf6L{ klg cgf}krfl/s jftf{df 5g\, t/ d]/f] dfGotf bnx?n] dfcf]jfbL;Fu cf}krfl/s jftf{ ug'{k5{ eGg] xf] .
@)%( ;fn a}zfv @& ut] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] v'nfd~rdf cfof]lht ;j{bnLo cfd;efdf æca dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;+;b\n] jftf{ u5{, tLg lbgleq lr7L k7fpF5Æ eg]/ 3f]if0ff ug'{ePsf] lyof], t/ Tof] s'/fnfO{ kf6L{x?n] lg/Gt/tf lbPgg\h:tf] nfU5 .
;+;b\ gePsfn] ca ;/sf/ agfpg] lhDdf lxhf] ;+;b\df /x]sf bnx?sf] lhDdf cfpg'k¥of] eGg] kf6L{x?n] b]zsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ lhDdf klg xfd|f] sfFwdf cfof] eGg' kb}{g / < ;+;b\n] jftf{ u5{ eg]/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] ;+;b\ gePkl5 kf6L{dfkm{t\ Tof] jftf{ lsg gug]{ < Tof] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ kf6L{x?n] cufl8 a9fpg ;s]sf] b]lvPg .

xfd|f] ljsf;sf] ult c?sf] eGbf sd 5

8f= o'j/fh vltj8f
l8;]Da/ )#, @))#

-/fli6|o of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f s]xL ;docl3 jfl;+8ª6g 8L;Ll:yt ljZj a}+ssf] Ps uf]i7Ldf efu lng cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df pxfF;Fu ul/Psf] s'/fsfgLsf c+zx? k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ ._

oxfF ljz]if s] sfdsf nflu jfl;+8)6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] <

d oxfF ljZj a}+s4f/f cfof]lht Ps uf]i7Ldf efu lng cfPsf] x'F .

tkfO{+ /fli6|o of]hgf cfof]udf x'g'x'G5 clxn] b]zdf of]hgf agfpg /fhgLlts sf/0fn] cK7f/f] kl//x]sf] xf]nf x}g <

/fhgLlts sf/0fn] slxn] sf+xL cK7]/f] k5{ slxn] ;lhnf] klg k5{ . /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? th'{df gx'g] eGg] xf]Og . /fhgLlts sf/0fn] xfdLnfO{ vf;} 7"nf] km/s k/]sf] 5}g .

ljsf;sf sfo{qmd vfnL k':tsd} dfq ;Lldt t xf]nf lg st} sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5 t d'n'sdf <

gLltut / ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx? 5g\ . lkmN8df uP/ ug]{ sfo{qmdx? sfo{Gjog x'g ;Sb}gg\ . t/ ;j{;fwf/0f ;a} hgtfnfO{ rflxg] s'/fx? h:tf] :jf:Yo, lzIff, lkpg] kfgLsf sfo{qmdx? clxn] klg ;'rf? ?kn] eO/x]sf 5g\ / eO/xg] 5g\ .

ePsf ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? klg elTsb}dfq u/]sf] ;'lgG5 . dfcf]jfbLx? ;a}lt/ JofKt 5g\ elgG5 tkfO{+ km]/L ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? eO/x]sf 5g\ eGg'x'G5 of] s'/f cln k|i6 kfl/lbg'x'G5 ls <

eTs]sf] lau|]sf] eg]sf] xjfO{ 6fj/x?, b"/ ;~rf/sf 6fj/x? eTsfOPsf x'g\ . s]xL k'nx?df Iflt k'u]sf] xf] . Tof] afx]s h:tf] l;+rfO cfof]hgfx? s]xL ePsf] 5}g . ;8sx?, lkpg] kfgLsf] cfof]hgf s]xL ePsf] 5}g . :s'n, :jf:Yo rf}sL eTs]sf 5}gg\ . s]xL :jf:Yo rf}sLx? ElTsPsf 5g\ h'g ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ . uflj; eg]sf] Pp6f /fhgLlts OsfO{ xf] Tof] eTsfpg] s'g} /0fgLlts clei6 xf]nf . t/ Tof];Fu hf]8]sf :jf:Yo rf}sL elTsPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] s'g} klg ;+/rgf elTsg' /fd|f] xf]Og t/ eTsfOlbG5g\ eGg] axfgfdf xfdLn] ljsf;sf sfd gu/]/ r'k nfu]/ a:g] cj:yf kSs} 5}g . xfdLn] xfd|f sfdx? ub}{ hfg'k5{ .

xfdLn] e/v/} ljZj a}+saf6 &) ldlnog 8n/sf] C0f kfPsf 5f}+ cflv/ C0f kfpFbf klg xfdL Tolt w]/} v'zL lsg eO/x]sf 5f}+ <

klxnf] s'/f t ljZj a}+sn] xfdLnfO{ lbg] C0f Hofb} sG;];gn C0f xf] . nfdf] e'QmfgL cjlw #) jf $) jif{sf] cjlwdf e'QmfgL u/] k'U5 . Ps k|ltzt eGbf sd Jofhb/sf] k};f xf] Tof] . To;af6 xfdLn] rfnL; jif{;Dd d'n'ssf] ;Dj[l4sf nflu w]/} sfd ug{ ;S5f}+ .
bf];|f] s'/f d'n'ssf] clxn]sf] 4G4sf] cj:yfaf6 /fhZj kl/rfng /fd|f] 5}g . xfdLn] nufgL ug'{kg]{ If]qx? ylkPsf 5g\ . To;n] ubf{ xfdL ;fwg ljxLg cj:yfaf6 s]xL ;fwg kfpg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5f}+ . o;sf/0fn] klg xfdLnfO{ C0f kfpFbf v'zL nfUg' :jefljs} xf] .

xfdLn] tL; jif{ cl3 lnPsf C0fx?sf] xfdL s] cj:yfdf 5f}+ < C0f ltb}{ 5f}+ ls <

g]kfn C0f e'QmfgLsf] dfdnfdf l8kmN6/ slxNo} ePsf 5}gf}+ . oBkL xfd|f] C0f 7"nf] 5 . b'O{ ;o tL; rfnL; cj{ C0f k'lu;s]sf] 5 . xfd|f] d'n'ssf] jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] ^) k|ltzteGbf dfly eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ Pp6f s'/f s] lglZrt xf] eg] xfd|f] jflif{s ah]6sf] ;ft cf7 k|ltzteGbf a9L C0f / ;fFjf Jofh e'QmfgLdf vr{ ub}{gf}+ . Tof] eg]sf] blIf0f Pl;ofd} ;a}eGbf sdL xf] . t/ Tof] eg]/ of] s'/f s] x}g eg] hlt C0f lnP klg x'G5 eGg] x}g . xfdLn] bL3{sfndf ljb]zL C0f sd ub}{ nu]/ Pp6f cj:yfdf x'g;S5 @) jif{sf] cj:yfdf ToxfF k'Ug'k5{ h'g cj:yfdf d'n'sn] C0f lng gk/f];\ . xfd|f] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r Tof] x'g'k5{ . Tof] u/]g eg] Ps lbg xfdL C0fsf] kf;f]df kg{ ;S5f}+ . Tof] s'/fdf xfdL ;t{s 5f}+ / d'n'sn] ug'{kg]{ klg ToxL xf] .

ef}lts ;+/rgsf s'/f ubf{ xfdLn] /f0ffsfnLg cj:yfs} ejgx? rnfOP/x]sf 5f}+ To;kl5 s] r}+ u/\of}+ t <

k'/fgf] ejgx? x]/]/ ljsf;sf] dfkg ug]{ s'/f ldn]g . ePsf ejg eTsfpg] s'/f ePg . of] aLrdf ;+rf/sf] If]qdf ePsf] k|ult, oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf, lzIff, :jf:Yo If]qsf ;+:yfx? w]/} v'n]sf 5g\ . ljZjljBfno g} xfdL;Fu rf/kfFr j6f 5g\ . lghL If]qdf cfO{6Lsf sn]hx? w]/} v'n]sf 5g\ . of] s'/fnfO{ s;}n] klg gsfg{ ;Sb}g . t/ Pp6} s'/f s] xf] eg] h'g ultn] c? d'n'sn] k|ult u/]sf] 5 xfdLn] ug{ ;s]sf 5}gf} . xfd|f] ljsf;sf] ult c?sf] eGbf sd 5 . To;df lrQ ga'em\g' :jefljs} xf] . t/ s]xL ePsf] 5}g eGg] s'/f x}g . s]xL s'/f ePsf 5g\ Tof] Jojl:yt x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . s]xL s'/f yk x'g'kYof]{ ePsf 5}gg\ . c;Gt'li6 x'g' cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf 5 t/ lg/fz eP/ tL; rfnL; jif{df s]xL ePs} 5}g eGg] klg xf]Og . xfdL;Fu ePsf ;+/rgfx?n] To;sf] k'i6L ePs} 5g\ .

ev{/} ;DkGg u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?sf] e]nfaf6 tkfO{+x?n] s] ck]Iff ug'{ePsf] 5 < u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx? klg g]kfndf nufgL u5f}+{ eg]/ uPsf lyP . tkfO{+sf] ljrf/df s:tf] eof] t Tof] ;Dd]ng <

u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?af6 xfdLn] tLg rf/j6f If]qx?df nufgLsf] cfzf u/]sf xf}+ / Tof] pxfFx?n] klg u5f}+ eGg' ePsf] 5 . ;lhnf] / l56f] cfpg ;Sg] pxfFx?sf] nufgL eg]sf] cfO{6L If]qdf xf] . Tof] d}n] lgSs} ;DefJotf b]v]sf] 5' . lsgeg] pxfFx?sf] bIftf, cg'ej Tof] If]qdf k|z:t b]lvof] . To;n] xfdLnfO{ t'?Gt} gofF k|ljlw klg k'Ug] / nufgL cg'?ksf] cfDbfgL klg x'g ;Sg] If]q d}n] b]v]sf] 5' . csf]{ xfO8|f] kfj/df pxfFx? cfpg ;Sg] ;+efjgf 7"nf] 5 . t];|f] eg]sf] cGt/f{li6|o Po/kf]6{, 6f]n /f]8, 6g]n /f]8x? To:t} cGo kfs{x?df u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?n] nufgL ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . g]kfndf nufgL u/]/ sdfOg] 8n/ oxfF nufgL u/]/ kfpg] eGbf sd x'Fb}g / sd x'g lbb}gf}+ eg]/ xfdL elg/x]sf 5f}+ . pxfFx?sf s/sf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ul/lbg] pxfFx?sf] sfg'gL x}l;otsf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ul/lbg] oL ;a} s'/fx? Pp6f 5'6\6} P]g agfP/ g} sfof{Gjog x'g] eO/x]sf 5g\ .
dnfO{ nfU5 cfhsf] ef]ln g} t x}g csf]{ b'O{tLg jif{df o;sf] k|ult b]Vg ;lsG5 .

clxn] b]zdf b]vfk/]sf] /fhgLlts 4G4sf] ;dfwfg s] xf] t<

ax'bnLo Joj:yf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq dfGg] zlQmx? Ps 7fpF a:g'k/\of] x}g eg] d'n's csf]{ lt/ hfG5 .

wGojfb

xfdL jftf{df hfg tof/ 5f}+

cy{dGqL 8f= nf]xgL
gf]e]Da/ @@, @))#

cy{dGqL 8f=k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL g]kfnL /fhgLltdf s'g} gofF gfd xf]Og . pxfF k~rfotsfndf / ax'bn cfPkl5 klg k6s k6s dGqL eO;Sg'ePsf] JolQm xf] . ut s]xL dlxgfcl3 g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_x?;Fusf] jftf{sf ;dodf ;/sf/L kIfaf6 jftf{sf/dWo]sf Ps ;b:o ;d]t pxfF /xg'ePsf] lyof] .
cy{dGqL 8f= nf]xgL s]xLlbgcl3 Ps sfo{qmddf efu lng jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnsf] ;d;fdlos /fhgLlts ljifodf 8L;Lsf g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;~rf/dfWodx?sf nflu g]kfnL kf]i6sf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]n, ;Dkfbs ls/0f l;6f}nf / ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehgsf ;~rfns /fd v/]n;Fu a'waf/ ;fFem jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf ul/Psf] s'/fsfgLsf c+zx? .

dGqLhL s] sf] nflu 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 ls <

OghL{ -pmhf{_ ;DaGwL Ps sfo{qmddf efu lng cfPsf] x'F . ljB'tnfO{ xfO8|f]hgdf sGe/6{ u/]/ eljZosf nflu k'gM pmhf{ x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/f 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df kfgLaf6 lah'nL lgsfNg] clg lah'nLnfO{ xfO8"f]hgdf abn]/ / To;nfO{ ;+rLt u/]/ klg /fVg ;lsg] ldNg], To;af6 uf8Lx? klg rNg ;Sg] /x]5 . Tof] ;+efjgfsf af/] oxfF w]/} sfd ePsf] /x]5 . of] k|ljlw g]kfndf xfO8"f] kfj/sf] w]/} ;+Defjgf ePsfn] g]kfnsf nflu lgSs} rfvk"0f{ /x]sf] kfPF

xfdLn] of] k|ljlw g]kfndf nfg ;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]5f}+ t <

of] k|ljlw t 5 t/ o;sf] cfly{s ef/ slt kg]{ xf] Tof] cem} klg k|i6 5}g / c? eGbf d+xu} 5 . t/ s]xL b]zx?n] z'? ul/;s]sf /x]5g\ . o;sf] af/]df cGt/f{li6"o :t/d} xfO8"f]hgnfO{ s;/L abNg] eGg] cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu s]xL ;do nfUg ;S5 .

dGqLHo"sf] oxfF lqml:6gf /f]Ssf;Fu klg e]6 eof] Sof/ s] s:tf] 5nkmn eof] t s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 ls <

g]kfn / cd]l/sfsf] clxn]sf] ;DaGw / l:yltaf/] ;fdfGo 5nkmn eof] Tof] eGbf a9L To:tf] s]xL ePg .

xfdL C0f kfpFbf klg lsg olt w]/} b+u kl//x]sf x'G5f}+ . C0f ltg'{ gkg]{ t x}g xf]nf <

tkfO{+n] eg]sf] s'/f klg l7s xf] h] s'/fdf klg C0f lng] h] s'/fdf klg ;xof]u vf]Hg] dgl:ylt xfdLdf 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf of] C0fsf] klg h?/L 5 . o;n] ljsf;sf] sfd sf/jfxL ug{ / tNnf]:t/df ljsf;sf] sfo{ k'/\ofpgsf nflu cGt/f{li6|o d'b|fsf]if tyf ljZj a}+sn] xfdLnfO{ C0f lbO/x]sf] 5 of] C0fnfO{ /fd|f];Fu k|of]u ug{ ;lsof] eg] o;sf] ;d:of 5}g . of] rfnL; jif{ kl5 ltg]{ C0f xf] o;af6 g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ kmfOb} x'G5 .

g]kfnsf] cfly{s cj:yf s:tf] 5 t s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 ls t <

dfOqmf] cfly{s Jofn]G; l7s 5 . g]kfnsf] /fhZjsf] cfDbfgL vr{ ;a} l7s 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf sf/0fn] ubf{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ ljZjf;df ;+s6 cfPsf] 5 . clxn]sf] xfd|f] d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] ToxL xf] .

tkfO{+ t dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] jftf{ 6f]nLdf jftf{sf/sf ?kdf klg ;DnUg x'g'x'GYof] To;a]nfsf af/] s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 ls <

d jftf{sf/sf ?kdf hfFbf d}n] s] kfPF eg] dfcf]jfbLx? c? ;a} /fhgLlts kIfx?nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ tof/ 5}gg\ . pgLx? cfˆg} tl/sfsf] a}wflgs k|hftflGqs vf]n cf]9]/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] gf/f lbP/ To;sf] dfWodaf6 cfkm\g} tl/sfsf] dfcf]jfbL /fHo 3f]if0ff ug]{ kl/sNkgf To;a]nf a9f] :ki6 ?kdf ToxfF cfof] . xfd|f] egfO s] lyof] eg] tkfO{+x? klg Pp6f zlQm x'g'x'G5 c? kf6L{x? klg zlQm x'g\ . g]kfndf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq 5 Tof] klg d'Vo km\ofS6/ xf] . oL ;a}nfO{ ;dflxt u/]/ g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg, g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu / /fli6"otf alnof] kfg{sf nflu s;/L hfg] < To;sf nflu ;+ljwfg kl/jt{g ug]{ ls k'g{n]vg ug]{ ls oL ;a} s'/f xfdL ug{ tof/ 5f}+ t/ tLg j6f s'/f x'g'k/\of] . Pp6f ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf ;Gbe{df o;nfO{ /fVg'k/\of], dlN6kf6L{nfO{ /fVg'k/\of] To;sf] ljsNk clxn] 5}g . / hgtfdf ;fj{ef}ldstf lgxLt 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ /fv]/ xfdL ;a} a;]/ Pp6f vfsf agfpF xfdLn] g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ s;/L cufl8 n}hfg ;lsG5 ef]lnsf] ;+;bdf nu]/ Tof] s'/f kf; u/f}+ eGbf v]/L dfcf]jfbLx? ;a};Fu ldn]/ sfd ug]{ dgl:yltdf 5}gg\ . of] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] gf/f lnP/ cfP/ cfkm\gf] Ps kf6L{ ;Qfdf k'Ug] nIo pxfFx?sf] xfdLn] b]Vof}+ .

clxn] cGo /fhgLlts bnx? klg ;+ljwfg ;efdf hfg tof/ eP/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ b]zdf zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod x'G5 eg] ;+ljwfg ;efdf hfFbf s] km/s k/\of] <

b]zdf zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod x'G5 eGg] s;/L ljZjf; ug]{ < h:tf] g dfcf]s} b]z rLgdf g t n]lngsf] ?;df ToxfFsf ;+ljwfg ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfg agfPsf] x}g . ;+ljwfg ;ef cfpg] ljlQs} g]kfnsf] ;a} ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 eGg] s'/f klg ePg .
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 hasL ljutdf ;g\ !((@, (# df s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{nfO{ ef]6 lbg] dfG5] ljb]zsf klg lyP tkfO+{ xfdLnfO{ klg yfxf ePsf] xf] . g]kfnsf] o:tf] cj:yfdf uP/ ;+ljwfg ;efn] g]kfnsf] /fli6"o lxt k"lt{ u5{ eGg] s'/fdf xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5}g . s] eg] hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ lbg] s'/f, /fli6|o Pstfsf s'/f ha xfdL u5f}{ eg] To;sf af/]df ;g\ !(() df lg:s]sf kf6L{x? ltgLx? klg hgtfsf] Dof08]6af6 cfPsf x'g\ . tL bnx? / dfcf]jfbLx? ;a} a;]/ xfdL Pp6f gofF /f]8Dofk agfp g t h;n] ubf{ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 cfpg] h'g sl7gfOx? 5g\ Tof] klg ldlgdfOh eP/ hfcf];\ / xfd|f] ;dfh cufl8 hfg ;sf];\ . xfdL ;a} ldn]/ /f]8 Dofk agfpF eGbf gdfGg'sf] dtna ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ Pp6f cfhsf] ljZjdf aGb'sn] dfq ;lsb}g eg]/ o;nfO{ æ6|f]hg xif{Æsf] ?kdf /fv]/ cfkm\gf] Ps bnLo kf6L{ k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ p2]Zo eGg] s'/f b]lvPsf] 5 .

casf] ;dffwfg s] xf] t g tkfO{+x?n] cGo ;+;bjfbLx?;Fu ldn]/ hfg ;ls/xg'ePsf] 5 hgtfnfO{ lgsf; t rflxof] lg of] l:yltaf6 <

o;sf] lgsf; r'gfj g} xf] . ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf kf6L{x?n] r'gfjdf uP/ hgtfsf] Dof08]6 h;n] lnP/ cfpF5 To;n] xf] b]z xfFSg] eg]sf] .
dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg dfG5] df/]/ 3fF6L /]6]/ cfkm"n] rfx]sf] k"/f u5'{ eGg] ;f]rfO 5f8\g'k/\of] . ;/sf/n] klg ;+;bjfbLx?n] p7fPsf] s'/fx?nfO{ klg lnP/ ;]km Nofl088)lt/ hfg'k5{ / Tof] l:ylt cfpF5 . b'j}n] hgtfsf] efjgfnfO{ lnP/ hfg'k5{ .

ut ;fnsf] c;f]h !* ut]b]lv /fhf4f/f b]zsf] k|hftflGqs clwsf/ vf]l;aS;]sf] 5 eGg] cGo kf6L{x?sf] egfO 5 lg <

k|hftflGqs clwsf/ eg]kl5 xfdL ;+ljwfgdf hfg'k/\of] . ;+ljwfgdf ;+;b lj36g ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq r'gfj u/fpg'k5{ eg]sf] 5 . t/ olb r'gfj ePg eg] s] ug]{ eGg] s'/fdf ;+ljwfgn] af]n]sf] 5}g .
b]pjfhLn] ;+;b lj36g ug'{eof] Tof] dxf/fhlw/fh ;/sf/n] lj36g u/ eg]/ u/]sf] t x}g . Tof] ;+;b lj36g u/]sf] l7s 5 eg]/ ;a}eGbf klxn] ;dy{g ug]{ kf6L{ sf] t eGbf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ g} xf] . g]kfnL sf+u|]; lj36g u/]sf] l7s 5 eGg] ;a}n] l7s 5 eg]kl5 ;a} ;+;bn] g} s] eGof] eg] of] ;+;b lj36g ug'{k/\of] eGof] . z]/axfb'/sf] dfq klg x}g . ;+;b lj36g eof] . /fhfn] To;df s]xL ul/aS;]sf] lyPg . lj36g eO;s]kl5 k|wfgdGqLn] d r'gfj u/fpF5' eg] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ pgn] r'gfj u/fpg] DofG8]6 kfP . 5 dlxgfkl5 pg}n] s] eg] eg] d}n] t r'gfj u/fpg ;lsg] eg]/ c? ;a} kf6L{sf] ;xdltdf eg]kl5 ToxfF ;+ljwfg a|]s8fpg eof] ls ePg < ca s] ug]{ < ca ;+ljwfgn] s] eG5 eGbf ;+ljwfgdf Pp6} bkmf 5 Tof] xf] wf/f !@& To;n] s] eG5 eg] of] ;+ljwfgdf afwf c8\sfp k/\of] eg] Tof] a]nfdf /fhfn] o;sf] lhDd]jf/L lnOaS;g'k5{ eg]kl5 k|wfgdGqL r'gfj u/fpg g;Sg], ;+ljwfgn] s]xL af6f] glbPkl5 kl/l:ylta; /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm ug]{ cj:yf cfPsf] xf] . olb Tof] a]nf /fhfn] d s]xL ulb{g eg]/ r'k nfu]/ al;lbPsf] eP s] x'GYof] < ;+j}wflgs /fhf eP/ To:tf] t ug'{ePg . /fhfn] tkfO+{x? ;a} cfpg'xf];\ Tof] !@& cGtu{{t k|wfgdGqL d}n] lgo'Qm ug]{ xf] ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ agfpg'xf];\ / dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu jftf{ ug'{xf];\, km]/L r'gfj ug'{xf];\ To;kl5 ;a} afwfc8\sg km'sfpg'xf];\ eg]/ /fhfaf6 eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ c;Dj}wflgs eGg ldNb}g .

;j{bnLo ;/sf/ t aGg ;s]g lg <

k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{ /fhfn] xf] . ca /fhfn] ;'o{axfb'/ lgo'lQm ubf{ ;j{bnLo gx'g] c? s'g} kf6L{sf] k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm x'Fbf klg t ToxL !@& s} bkmfcg'?k aGg] g xf] . ca !@& cGtu{t tkfO{+nfO{ lgo'lQm ubf{ ;j{bnLo x'g] dnfO{ lgo'lQm ubf{ ToxL !@& ;j{bnLo gx'g] s;/L x'G5 <
cfkm"nfO{ gx'g] ljlQs} ;Da}wflgs ePg eGg] ts{ t Tof] cxdjfbL afx]s s]xL x}g .
;'o{axfb'/hLn] t elg/xg'ePsf] 5 n sf+u|];, Pdfn] ;a} cfpg'xf];\ tkfO{+x? klg xfdL ;+o'Qm ?kdf hf}+ dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg u/f}+ r'gfj u/f}+ eg]/ elg/xg'ePsf] 5 lg .

tkfO{+sf] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ t tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{af6} /flhgfdfsf] dfu cfO/x]sf] 5 lg <

dnfO{ g]kfndf s] eO/x]sf] 5 6]lnkmf]gaf6 clncln hfgsf/L kfPsf] dfq x'F .
;'o{axfb'/hLnfO{ /fli6|o k|hftGq kf6L{n] r'gfj lht]/ k|wfgdGqL agfPsf] x}g . dxf/fhlw/fh ;/sf/n] lgo'lQm ul/aS;]sf] xf] . To;}n] k|wfgdGqLn] /flhgfdf lbO/fVg'kg]{ h?/L b]lvb}g .

:yfgLo lgsfodf ;/sf/n] 6Lsf nufP/ lgo'lQm ul/of] lg o;af/] s] eGg'x'G5 <

z]/axfb'/hL s} kfndf :yfgLo lgsfosf] Dofb ;lsof] . Dofb ;lsPkl5 s] ug]{ < Dofb ;lsPkl5 ;+ljwfgn] g} lbPsf] lyof] b]pjfhLn] Ps jif{ Dofb yKg ;Sg'x'GYof] Tof] ug'{ePg . gyk]kl5 ;/sf/n] k|zf;gaf6 rnfof] . k|zf;gaf6 rnfpFbf hgtfsf sfd hlt x'g'kg]{ Tof] ePg . r'gfj ug]{ l:ylt klg t'?Gt ePg . xfdL r'gfj t u5f}{+ of] cfpFbf] r}t a}zfv leqdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] r'gfj x'G5 . t/ Tof] a]nf;Dd klg o;nfO{ lsg vfnL /fVg] t eg]/ ;s];Dd lgjt{dfgx?nfO{ g} cfpg'xf];\ eg]sf] xf] . pgLx? gcfPkl5 c?nfO{ lgo'lQm ul/Psf] xf] .

r'gfj s;/L u/fpg ;S5' elg/xg'ePsf] 5 < ;a}lt/ dfcf]jfbLsf] ljuljuL 5 <

g]kfnsf] s'g} klg o:tf] 7fpF 5}g . hxFf ;'/Iff lgsfo k'Ug g;s]sf] . ;a} If]qdf xfd|f ;'/Iff lgsfox? k'u]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] of] xfd|f] If]q xf] oxfF cfpg ;Sb}gf}+ eg]/ st} eGg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . of] xfd|f] cfwf/If]q xf] eGg] 7fpF pgLx?sf] 5}g .
xf], hgtf ql;t 5g\ . xfdL Ps}k6s /fi6"JofkL ?kdf r'gfj ug{ g;sf}+nf t/ If]q If]q u/] xfdL r'gfj ug{ ;S5f}+ . h:tf] ef/tsf] slZd/ h:tf] 7fpFdf t r'gfj eO/x]sf] 5 eg] xfdL lsg r'gfj ug{ g;Sg] <

c? kf6L{ x? ;+;b k'g:yfkgf x'g'k5{ eg]/ nfu]sf] 5g\ lg o;sf] ;+efjgf sltsf] b]Vg'x'G5 <

;+;b k'g:yfkgf x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f k'/} c;Da}wflgs s'/f xf] . o:tf] s'/f ug'{x'Fb}g . xfdL Tof] kIfdf 5}gf} klg .

clxn] km]/L cd]l/sgx? nufotsf cGt/f{li6"o ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] jftf{df hfg'k5{ eGg yfn]sf] 5g\ lg <

;a}n] eGg] ToxL xf] . xfdL jftf{df hfg tof/ 5f}+ . xfdLn] Tof] a]nf klg dfcf]jfbLnfO{ eg]sf] o'4 lj/fd e+u gug'{xf]; eg]/ .

g]kfn aflx/ a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ oxfFsf] s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <

g]kfn aflx/ a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] l:ylt b]v]/ lglZrt ?kdf lrGtf nfUg' :jefljs} xf] cfkm\gf] b]zdf lsg o:tf] xTof lx+;f x'g yfNof] eGg] lrGtf nfUg' :jefljs xf] .
g]kfnL ;dfhdf clxn] 7"nf] OghL{ 5 . kl/jt{gsf w]/} ;+efjgfx? 5g\ . clxn]sf] qmfOl;;nfO{ g]kfnsf] zf;s ju{ jf k|e'Tj ju{ hf] 5g\ To:tf ju{n] ;dfhdf s:tf vfnsf kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ k/Dk/fut ?kdf /x]sf zf]if0fx?nfO{ x6fpgsf nflu dfgl;s ?kdf g]kfnL ;dfh tof/ eP/ cfO;s]sf 5g\ . of] ;+efjgfnfO{ jf:tljs ?kdf kl/0ft ug{sf nflu b]znfO{ dfof ug]{ dfG5]x? ;a} To;df nfUg'kg]{ cfhsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . ToxL sfddf b]z aflx/ /xg'ePsf g]kfnLx?n] klg nfUg'x'g]5 .

k+rfoteGbf klg ufpFkms{ ;/x g} ePsf] 5

;fu/;Dz]/ h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o g]sf -k|hftflGqs_
gf]e]Da/ &, @))#

;fu/;Dz]/ /f0ff g]kfnL sf+u|]; nlntk'/ If]q g+= Pssf] tkm{af6 ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug'{x'GYof] . xfn pxfF g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljefhgkl5 z]/axfb'/ b]pjf sf+u|];sf] kIfdf /xg'ePsf] 5 . sfg'gdf cS;kmf]8{ o'lgel;{6Laf6 u|ofh'P6 ug'{ePsf /f0ffsf] ljrf/df cem} klg z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] xf] eg] dfq g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;+j}wflgs ;+s6 ;dfwfg x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf cl8u x'g'x'G5 . s]xL ;docl3 cd]l/sfsf] e|d0fdf cfOk'Ug' x'Fbf g]kfnL kf]i6sf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]n;Fu ug'{ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf s]xL c+z oxfF k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ .

cd]l/sf s] sfdn] cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] <

d g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf 5' / To;sf] k//fi6| ljefusf] k|d'v klg 5' . ToxL gftfn] ljut ;ft cf7 dlxgfb]lv ljleGg b]zx?df hfg] / ToxfFsf g]tf / /fhgLlts JolQmTj / ToxfF a;]sf g]kfnLx?;Fu e]63f6 ug]{ / ljrf/ cfbgk|bfg ug{sf nflu d lxl8/x]sf] 5' . To;}sf] lznlznfdf xfn cd]l/sf cfOk'us]sf] x'F . oxfF /xFbf klg ljleGg /fhgLlts JolQmTj tyf k|jf;df a:g] g]kfnLx?;Fu e]63f6 ul//x]sf] 5' .

g]kfnsf] jt{dfg l:yltsf af/]df s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 ls <

Pp6f s'/f dnfO{ v'zL nfu]sf] s] s'/f 5 eg] d hxfF hxfF ljb]zdf k'U5' h:tf] ef/t, xªsª, a]nfot, a|;]N; / cd]l/sfsf ljleGg 7fpFdf k'u]sf] x'G5' . hxfF uP klg g]kfnLx? g]kfnsf] af/]df s'/f ug]{ / cfkm\gf] ;+:s[ltsf nflu pgLx? u+eL/ ?kn] nflu/x]sf] kfPF . Tof] xfd|f] nflu klg lgSs} xf};nfk"0f{ ljifo xf] . cfkm" g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf nfu]sf] tL; jif{ eO;Sof] . o;/L ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnsf] dfof u/]sf] kfpFbf dnfO{ Hofb} v'zL nfu]/ cfpF5 .
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhgLltsf af/]df eGg'kbf{ clxn]sf] cj:yfsf af/]df ;a}nfO{ yfx} 5 . clxn] g]kfn Hofb} cK7]/f] cj:yfdf k/]sf] 5 . To;sf] af/]df d}n] w]/} eGg'kb}{g .
clxn] g]kfndf tLg kIf ePsf 5g\ . /fhf kIf, k|hftflGqs kf6L{x? / dfcf]jfbLx? of] lqsf]0ffTds ljefhgnfO{ ;dfn]/ g} nUg'k5{ . ;j{k|yd of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ dfGg] b'O{6f kIf / To;kl5 dfcf]jfbLx? klg g]kfnL g} x'g\ pgLx?nfO{ jftf{sf] 6]jndf NofP/ pgLx?n] vf]h]sf s'/fx?nfO{ jftf{df /fv]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ .
jt{dfg ;dodf o;sf] k|d'v e"ldsf b'O{6f cfdL{sf] ePsf] 5 . Pp6f /fli6|o cfdL{ h'g /fhfn] g} sdf08 ul/aS;G5 . csf]{ dfcf]jfbL cfdL{ . To;}n] g} x'g ;S5 clxn] g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] e"ldsf w]/} b]lvg ;s]sf] 5}g . xfd|f /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x? lgSs} k|ltj4 5g\ t/ k|ltj4tf hgfpg] jftfj/0f clxn] 5}g . To;}n] ubf{ xfd|f] cl:tTj 5}g eg]/ xNnf ul/G5 . of] lgZro g} x}g . /fhgLlts kf6L{x? lagf b]zsf] ult cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . of] s'/f b'j} kIfn] a'em\g'k5{ .

clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfpg'df t]x| jif{df cfkm"nfO{ ;Qfdf k'¥ofpg] /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ g} cf/f]k nufOG5 lg <

xfdL /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ tLg ljifodf cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5 . Pp6f hgtfn] h'g ljsf; kfpg'kg]{ Tof] kfPgg\ elgG5 . bf];|f] cf/f]k s] 5 eg] e|i6rf/ a9L eof] elgG5 . t];|f] cf/f]k /fhgLlts kf6L{x? cfkm" cfkm" ldNg ;s]gg\ . ;Qf kIf / k|ltkIfn] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf a;]/ v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsf Tof] klg pQ/bfloTj af]s]gg\ eGg] xf] .
of] cf/f]kdWo] ljsf; g} ePg eGg] cf/f]kdf d]/f] ;xdlt 5}g . of] jfx| jif{sf] cjlwdf ljsf; ufpF ufpFdf klg k'u]sf] 5 / ;x/df klg k'usf] 5 . x/]s If]qdf af6f], k'n, ;~rf/sf ;fwfg k'u]sf 5g\ . clxn] clwsf+z ljs6 If]qdf klg g]kfnLx?sf] æ:6f08/ lnleªÆ a9]sf] 5 .
d nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] Ps g+= If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ cfPsf] 5' . ToxfF klg w]/} ljs6 If]q 5g\ . ToxfFsf] l:ylt x]g]{ xf] eg] ToxfF ljsf;sf ult a9]sf] 5 / c? 7fpFx?df klg ljsf;sf ult eO/x]sf 5g\ . of] jfx| jif{df ljsf; ePg eGg] s'/fdf d ;xdt 5'Og .
hgtfx?df hf] cfsf+Iff / rfxgf xf] To;df xfdL /fhgLlt1x?n] w]/} cf;f b]vfP/ klg x'g ;S5 To;n] u/]/ a9]sf] x'g ;S5 . bf];|f] cfsf+Iff a9]sf] sf/0f c? 7fpFsf 6]lnlehgdf b]V5g\ To;n] ubf{ klg hgtfx?sf] cfsf+Iff a9]sf] xf] .
h:tf] d}n] cd]l/sfs} 6]lnlehgdf x]/]+ ToxfF s] elgof] eg] . lsg o; lsl;dsf] cft+sjfb a9\of] elgG5 . cd]l/sfdf lj/fnf]n] h] vfgf vfg kfpF5 Tof] vfgf g]kfnL hgtfn] jf g]kfn h:tf b]zn] vfg gkfpg] cj:yf 5 To;n] ubf{ klg g]kfndf lj/f]wsf] ult a9]sf] xf] .
/fhgLlts sf/0f dfq x}g . e|i6rf/sf] af/]df eg] lgZro g} tkfO{+x?nfO{ hlt b'Mv nfU5 Tof] eGbf ;fob dnfO{ a9L b'v nfU5 . /fhgLlts If]qdf dfq x}g ;a} If]qdf e|i6rf/ a9]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfn h:t} cGo b]zdf slt e|i6rf/ ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ klg xfdLn] x]g'{k5{ . b'Mv nfU5 cjZo To;df xfdLn] ;'wf/ ug}{ k5{ .
t];|f] xfdL cfkm" cfkm" ldNg ;s]gf} . To;n] ubf{ ;a} kf6L{x? ljeflht ePsf] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] ;'wf/ ug}{ k5{ . df}lns ?kdf /fhgLlts kf6L{ uf}+9 x'Fb} uof] eg] To;n] g]kfnsf] ult k|ult lgZro g} cufl8 a9\b}g .

kf6L{ km"6sf af/]df tkfO{+sf] egfO s] 5 <

g]kfnL sf+u|]; km'6\g'df xfdL ;a}sf] uNtL xf] o;nfO{ ;'wf/ ub}{ hfg'k5{ . u0f]zdfghLsf] ;dob]lv s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] ;do / z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] ;do;Dddf pgLx? cfkm" ;Qfdf gx'Fbf cg]sf}+ lsl;dsf ultljlw u/] . oL s'/fx?nfO{ ca lj:tf/} lj;{b} hfg'k5{ . klxn]sf] s'/fnfO{ clxn] cfP/ uf}+9 ug'{k5{ . g]kfnL sf+u|];dfq x}g cGo /fhgLlts kf6L{x? klg ldn]/ hfg'k5{ . xfd|f] eflj gLlt s] xf], s;/L hfg] eGg] ljifodf ;a}n] ;xdt x'g'k5{ jftf{ x'g'k5{ . /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] /fhfsf] ljifodf, dfcf]jfbLsf ljifodf s] e"ldsf /xg] xf] To; ljifodf klg 5nkmn x'g'k5{ tL ;a} s'/fdf Ps dt x'g'k5{ .

z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] ca km]/L d k|wfgdGqL ePdfq of] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 eGg yfNg'ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf of] dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ oxfFn] s;/L x]l//xg'ePsf] 5 <

z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ug{ kof{Kt k|of; ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sltn] t eG5g\ b]pjfn] cfjZos eGbf a9L k|of; ug'{ePsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f cfPsf lyP . t/, of] lgZro g} x}g b]pjfsf] ;/sf/n] To;kl5 s]xL u/]g . b]pjfsf] ;/sf/n] Pslt/ dfcf]jfbL;Fu o'4 z'? ePkl5 z'/Iff lgsfox?;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw /fv]/ cufl8 a9\g ;Sg' Tof] pknAwL xf] . To;}u/L ljb]zdf cfP/ cfkm\gf] g]kfnsf] ultljlw k|i6 ?kdf ldq /fi6|x?nfO{ /fVg' / ToxfFaf6 ;xof]u lng ;Sg' Tof] klg 7"nf] pknAwL xf] . clxn] klg ToxL pknAwLn] ubf{ ;/sf/n z;Qm eP/ uPsf] 5 .
t];|f] pknAwL pxfFn] ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] lnlvt ;xdlt hgfpg ;Sg'eof] ls lgjf{rgnfO{ k5fl8 nUg'k5{ eg]/ . Pp6f a'Fbf t xf] lg . ;a} kf6L{x? Ps eP/ Pp6f s]Gb| ljGb"df k'u]sf] Tof] pbfx/0f xf] . oL ;a} pknAwL x'g\ .
dnfO{ nfU5 olb /fhfn] ;+ljwfgn] eg]h:tf] k|wfg dGqLsf] ;xdlt lnP/ of] sbd rfn]sf] eP of] ;d:of w]/} xb;Dd cfh 6'+lu;SYof] . To;}n] cfh b]pjfsf] kfnfdf pknAwL ePg eGg] s'/fnfO{ d dflGbg .

b]zsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg s;/L xf]nf ;+ljwfg hLljt cj:yfdf klg 5}g elgG5 s] xf]nf t ca <

klxn] t of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ cfkm\gf] :yfgdf Nofpg] xf] eg] b]pjf Psk6s k'gM k|wfgdGqL aGg'k5{ . To;kl5 of] ;+ljwfg hfUg ;S5 . csf]{ ;a} kf6L{x?sf] ;xdlt eP/ k|wfgdGqL b]pjf g} /x]/ s'g} lsl;dsf] ;/sf/ aGg'k5{ . To;kl5dfq xfdLn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ of] ;d:of ;dfwfgnfO{ /fhgLlts u+eL/tfsf ;fy x]g'{k5{ .

oL tkfO{n] eg]h:tf] ;+efjgf sltsf] b]Vg'x'G5 t <

of] ;+efjgf d b]V5' . /fhfn] klg cfkm\gf] ljut b'O{ jif{ pxfFsf] zf;gsfndf s:tf] k|ult eof] t Tof] cfkm}+n] d"Nofªsg ug]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . x}g /fhgLlts kf6L{x? s]xL klg x}gg\, hgtfn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ dfGb} dfGb}gg\ d rnfpg ;S5' eGg] wf/0ff lyof] eg] To;nfO{ klg d"Nofªsg ug]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 . /, /fhf klg Pp6f 7"nf] JolQm x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf] klg pQ/bfloTj 5 dnfO{ nfU5 Tof] pQ/bfloTj u|x0f u/]/ Tof] cg';f/ rNg ;Sg'k5{ .

tkfO{+nfO{ b]zdf clxn] k~rfot kmls{Psf] ;+emgf lbnfPsf] 5 ls 5}g t <

clxn] k+rfoteGbf klg ufpFkms{ ;/x g} ePsf] 5 . lgo'lQm cflbn] ubf{ . xfdL /fhgLlts kf6L{x? ldNg]tkm{ hfg} k5{ . xfdL cyf{t\ g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftGqjfbL_x? kf6L{x?;Fu gldNg]tkm{ slxNo} uPsf 5}gf}+ . h:tf] clxn] kfFr kf6L{x? Ps ePsf 5g\ To;df klg km"6 5 . xfdL pgLx?sf] l;4fGt / nIonfO{ klg ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ lkmtf{ u/fpg] xf] To;df xfd|f] ;xdt 5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf af/]df oxfF / oxfFsf] kf6L{sf] wf/0ff s] 5 <

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cGtdf ;+;f/e/ a:g] g]kfnLx?df oxfFsf] s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <

;j{k|yd t oxfF;Fu s'/f ug]{ df}sf kfPsf]df tkfO{FnfO{ wGojfb . Pp6} s'/f s] 5 eg] oxfFx?sf dfWodaf6 g]kfndf /x]sf ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ Pp6} af6f] /f]Hgsf nflu ;+;f/e/ a:g] g]kfnLx?n] klg k|]l/t ul/lbg'x'g]5 . oxfFx?n] ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx?nfO{ bjfjk"0f{ ?kdf Pp6} af6f]df lx8\gsf nflu bjfj ;[hgf ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofOlbg'x'g]5 .

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e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:of slxn];Dddf ;dfwfg x'g] 7fGg'x'G5 <

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z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{n] s] sbd rfNb}5 t <

e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ e"6fgsf] /fli6"o ;+s6sf] ?kdf lng'kb{5 . ;g\ !(() df e"6fg lkkN; kf6L{sf] cfJxfgdf ePsf] k|hftflGqs hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ bdg ug{ e"6fg ;/sf/n] ;}lgs an k|of]u ul/ hgtfnfO{ b]zaf6 nv]6]sf] xf] . o;nfO{ j[xb /fhg}lts ;d:ofsf] ?kdf lng'kb{5 / o;sf] /fhg}lts ;dfwfg g} vf]lhg'kb{5 . o;}n] e"6fg lkkN; kf6L{ s} kxndf 8"'s g]zgn sf+u|];l;t sfo{ut Pstf sfod u/L ut km/j/L !^, @))# df National Front for Democracy- Bhutan (NFD-Bhutan) u7g ul/Psf] 5 / o;}sf dfWodaf6 b]z leq} cfGbf]ng ug]{ nIo lnO{ ;+o'Qm?kdf sfo{f/De ul/Psf] 5 .

z/0ffyL{sf] ;d:of g} /fhgLlts ;d:of xf] t <

xf] . e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofsf] sf/0f g} /fhgLlts ;d:of xf], o;nfO{ ;j{yf gsfg{ ldNb}g . of] ;d:ofsf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfgsf nflu /fhgLlts ;dfwfg x'g'kb{5 . gq sfnfGt/df of] ltJjtL of ad]{nL z/0ffyL{x?sf] h:t} ;d:of x'gklg ;Qm5 .

xfn}df z/0ffyL{;DaGwL ul/Psf] juL{s/0fsf af/]df tkfO{+ s] eGg'x'G5 <

z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ juL{s/0f ul/g' eg]sf] lg/+s'ztfsf] k/fsfi7f xf] . juL{s/0f xf];\ of k|df0fLs/0f, of] e"6fg ;/sf/sf] ;do nDJofpg] 3[0fLt if8\oGq lzjfo s]xL xf]Og . o;nfO{ :jLsfg"{ g]kfnsf] afWotf klg lyPg . z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ ;se/ Ps} hgf klg gkmsf{pg] if8\oGqdf e"6fg nflu k/]sf] 5 .
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jf:tjdf of] ;d:of g]kfn / e"6fgsf] ;d:of g} xf]Og . g]kfnn] o;nfO{ /fli6"o ;d:ofsf] ?kdf glng'kb{Yof] . of] ;d:of e"6fgL /fhf / e"6fgL hgtfaLrsf] ;d:of xf] / g]kfnn] s]jn dWo:ytfsf] e"ldsf dfq} v]Ng' kb{Yof] . g]kfn cfkm}+ e"6fg;Fu jftf{df u[xsfo{ ljgf g} ;dfj]z eP/ e"6fgs} OR5fdf unt ;xdlt ub}{ p;sf ;fd" ;w}+ em'Sg'kg]{ l:yltdf k'u]sf] 5 .

k|df0fLs/0f eO;s]sf z/0ffyL{x?sf] :jb]z kms{g ;Sg] l:ylt 5 t <

k|df0fLs/0f eO;s]sfx?sf] :jb]z kms{g ;Sg] l:ylt 5 s;/L eGg] < k|df0fLs/0f kl5 ul/Psf] juL{s/0fdf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? clwsf+z z/0ffyL{x? rf/} ju{df k/]sf 5g\ . o;df klg kms{g grfxg]nfO{ gful/stf lbg] egL h'g ;xdlt eof] o;n] e"6fgnfO{ yk an ldn]sf] 5 . :ki6 eGg'kbf{- e"6fg yf]/} z/0ffyL{ kmsf{pg] if8\oGqdf 5 . g]kfn h;/L eP klg hlthgf eP klg e"6fgsf] ;Ldf;Dd k'¥ofO{ cfkm"n] axfb'/ sfd u/]sf] b]vfpg rfx G5 eg] z/0ffyL{x? cfˆg} :jfdLTj /x]sf] e"lddf kms{g rfxG5g\ h'g s'/f] e"6fgn] sbfkL :jLsfg]{ 5}g .

z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu of] afx| aif{sf] cjwLdf g]kfnsf] e"ldsf s:tf] /x]sf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 <

of] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf g]kfnsf] e"ldsf cToGt} ˆoft'nf] /x]sf] xfdL b]Vb5f}+ . To;sf] Pp6f sf/0fn] oxfFs} /fhgLlts cl:y/tf klg xf] / o;;DaGwL u[xsfo{ gx'g' klg xf] xfdLnfO{ z'?b]lv g} g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 Pp6f 6f:s kmf];{ u7g u/f];\ eGg] lyof] laZj hgdt klg o;}tkm{ nlIft lyof] t/ g]kfnn] o;tkm{ sbd a9fPg s]jn, lg/+s'z e"6fgsf] lrKnf], rfk'Nnf] af]nL / /fhsLo ;Ddfgdf g} clNem/x\of] .
z/0f xfdLn] g]kfnnfO{ dfu]sf], g]kfnn] :j]R5fn] lbPsf] xf]Og . xfdLnfO{ Pp6} klg k|Zg g;f]wL lg/Lx kz'nfO{ v'Nnfahf/df nu]/ df]ntf]n u/];/x k|df0fLs/0f / juL{s/0fsf] efu]bf/ aGg g]kfn kl5 k/]g . t/ clxn] cfP/ cfkm}+n] lbPsf] ;xdlt g]kfnnfO{ 3fF8f] ePsf] 5 . !$cf}+ r/0fsf] l4klIfo jftf{kl5sf] juL{s/0fsf] glthf k|sfzg kl5sf] ljZj hgdtnfO{ sb/ ub}{ g]kfn kms{gk5{ . of] ;d:ofsf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg vf]Hgsf nflu l4kIfLo jftf{nfO{ oxL /0fgLlt u/]/ ef/tnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/fpg] e"ldsf g]kfnsf] /xg'kb{5 .

z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg gx'g'df ef/tsf] k|d'v xft 5 elgG5, tkfO{+x? o;sf nflu ef/t;Fu s:tf] kxn ub]{ x'g'x'G5 <

ef/tsf] xft 5 elgxfNg ldNb}g t/ p;sf] g}lts bfloTj r}+ x'G5 . ef/t, e"6fgsf] c;n l5d]sL dfq geP/ e"6fgsf] ljsf;df *) k|ltzt nufgL klg 5 . ;GwL ;Demf}tf / e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?;d]t ef/tdf /x]sfn] ef/tnfO{ klg ;dfj]z u/fpg'kg]{ kl/l:ylt /xG5 . clwsf+z z/0ffyL{x? g]kfndf /x]sf] sf/0f ef/t ;/sf/;Fu xfd|]f ;Dks{ nuftf/ x'g;s]sf] 5}g . cjsf] xfd|]f of]hgf o;tkm{ nlIft /xg] 5 .

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cf/=s]=a'9fyf]sL-e"6fg lkkN; kf6L{sf] ;+:yfks cWoIf x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] xTof lgof]lht if8\oGq4f/f ul/Psf] Ps sfo/tfk"0f{ /fhg}lts xTof xf] . e"6fgL cfGbf]ng dfgjclwsf/ / /fhg}lts JolQmsf] dv'08f] le/]/ k|j]z ePsf] 5b\de]ifLx?sf] ;fF7ufF7df lbgbxf8} xTof u/fOof] . o; xTofsfG8sf] d"Vo gfOs] P;= s]= k|wfg / b'uf{ utf}{nf nufot !) hgf plQv]/} ;dfltPsf 5g\ . o;dWo] k]Djf z]kf{ gfds JolQm lhNnf sfof{no emfkfdf cfkm}+ kf;f] nfu]/ ut ;fn d¥of] . xfn}df csf]{ gfOs] hLtaxfb'/ tfdfË ;dfltPsf] 5 . v's'/L xfGg] ck/fwL / p;sf ;xof]uLx? cem} km/f/ 5g\ . o; xTofsf08df #( hgfnfO{ jf/]G6 hf/L ePklg g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 ;lqmotfsf ;fy v]fhtnf; ul/Psf] 5}g .

tkfO{+x? e"6fgL g]tfx? aLr ;d]t cfGbf]ng s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] eGg]af/] Psdt gx'gfn] klg of] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;s]sf] eG5g\ gL <

o; k|Zgdf s]xL k|ltzt ;Totf 5, cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx? aLr cg]stf x'g' xfd|f] b'ef{Uo klg xf] . t/ cfGbf]ngdf lg/+s'ztfsf k[i7kf]ifsx?sf] 3';k}7L 5 . To:tf JolQmx? cd]l/sf, hfkfg cflb b]zdf :jR5Gb?kdf 3'dlkm/ klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljutdf pgLx?af6 z/0ffyL{x?dff h'gk|sf/sf] nfnr b]vfP/ cGof}n / cl:y/tf km}nfpg] sf]lz; ul/of] casf] l:ylt ablnPsf] 5 . To:tf tTjx?n] hgljZjf; u'dfpFb} uPsf 5g\ . sltko :jgfdwGo kf6L{ / o;sf g]tfx? s'gfkl; ;s]sf] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfGbf]ng ug'{k5{ eGg]x?sf] Psh'6tf x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . e"6fg lkkN; kf6L{ / 8"'s g]zgn sf+u|];sf] ;+o'Qm df]rf{ alg;s]sf] 5 . o;n] lj:tf/} hg;dy{g h'6fpFb} uPsf] klg 5 .

b]zleq} k'u]/ cfGbf]ng ug{;Sg] cj:yf 5 ls 5}g <

e"6fgL gful/sx?sf] nflu cfGbf]ngsf] ynf] g} e"6fg xf] NFD-Bhutan n] cfGbf]ngsf] efjL /0fgLlt to ul/;s]sf] 5 . b]zleq cfGbf]ng x'G5, km]; jfOh ?kdf xfdL cfGbf]ng cl3 a9fpFb} n}hfg] 5f}+ . e"6fgdf k|hftGq geP;Dd xfdL ;+3if{ ul//xg] 5f}+ .

clg tkfO{+x?sf] b]zdf klg dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng z'? ug]{ elgPsf] lyof] . pgLx?af/] tkfO{nfO{ s]xL yfxf 5 ls <

e"6fgdf ax'bnLo k|hftfGqLs Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ nIo lnP/ d}bfgdf 5f}+ . e"6fgsf] kl/j]z, syf-Joyf / cj:yf c? /fi6"sf] eGbf km/s 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] nIo / l;4fGtdf sfo{stf{x? afFlwPsf] x'g'k5{ . lx+;fTds cfGbf]ngn] k|ltlx+;fnfO{ hGdlbG5 . of] PSsfO;f}+ ztfJbLsf] o'u xf] . c?n] h] u/] To;} ug'{k5{ eGg] xf]Og cfGbf]ng ;+odLt x'g'k5{ . e"6fg /fhtGqfTds /fi6" xf] . xfdL ;+j}wfgLs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGq :jLsfg]{ ;a}l;t ;fy lnP/ cl3a9\g rfxfG5f}+ . t/ pgLx? sf] x'g\ / nIo s] xf] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . kq klqsfsf] af3 dfq eP/ lg/+s'ztfsf] lj?4 ;+3if{ ug{ ;lsGg .

cGt/fli6"o ;xof]u s:tf] /x]sf] 5 t <

cGt/fli6"o hutsf] klg b'O{ tx x'g] ub{5 . ;Qfdf /xg]x?sf] tx / zfl;t ju{sf] tx . ;Qfdf /xg]x?sf] ;Qffdf l6ls/xg] :jfy{af6 ;xof]u / c;xof]u /xg]ub{5 . pgLx? kNnfsf] ef/Lkg ug]{ ub{5g\ . t/ h'g} b]zsf gful/s ePklg hgtfx? ;a} hgtfx?s} kIfdf x'g] ub{5g\ . xfd|f] klg To:t} cj:yf 5 . xfdL g]kfn / ef/tdf z/0f lnPsf 5f}+ . oL b'j} /fi6"sf] cj:yf klg dfly elgP ;/x g} 5 . csf]{ kIf ePsf] e"6fgsf] ;d:of / ToxfF rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf af/]df k"0f{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'df ljljw sf/0fn] xfdL kl5 k/]sf 5f}+ . oBkL cj eg] la:tf/} cGt/fli6"o rf;f] e"6fgtkm{ a9\b} 5 .

tkfO{+x?sf] 6]sgfy l/hfn;Fu ;DaGw s:tf] 5 t < pxfFsf] g]t[Tjdf xfn} x\o'dg /fO6;{ sfplG;n ckm e"6fg eGg] u7g ePsf] 5 . To;k|lt oxfFsf] klg ;dy{g 5 ls <

6]sgfy l/hfn e"6fgsf] dfgj clwsf/jfbL g]tf x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] g} lg/+s'ztfsf] lj?4df cfjfh p7fpg cf/De ug'{ePsf] xf] . jxfFnfO{ ;fy glbg] e"6fgL lj/n} xf]nfg\ . xfn}df l/hfnhLsf] g]t[Tjdf u7g ePsf] x\o'dg /fO6;{ sfplG;n ckm e"6fgn] ljeflht cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ ;fx;Ls sfo{ dfq xf]Og cGt/fli6"o hgdt h'6fpg] sfo{df klg ;kmn x'g;Sg] ljZjfz lnPsf] 5' .

cGTodf ljZj ;d'bfoaf6 oxfFn] e"6fgsf] cfGbf]ngk|lt s] ck]Iff /fVg'ePsf] 5 <

e"6fgL hgtfx? klg of] ljZj ;d'bfoleq}sf ;b:o x'g\ . cfhsf] ljZj hgtfsf df}lns clwsf/af6 lad'v eP/ afFRg g;Sg] alg;s]sf] kl/k|]Iodf e"6fgL hgtfsf nflu k|hftGq ckl/xfo{ alg;s]sf] 5 . e"6fgsf] cfGbf]ng s'g} hftLjfbL, lavG8gjfbL, ;fDk|bfoLs n8fO{+ of c/fhsjfbL sbd geP/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq cGtu{t ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo k|hftGq :yfkgf ug}{ p2]Zodf cf/De ePsf] cfGbf]ng x'gfn] z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgtkm{ dfq} k|of; geP/ bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfgsf lglDt k|hftGq :yfkgf ug{df e"6fgL hgtfn] ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{5g\ eGg] laZjf; /fVb5' .

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t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{ / To;kZrft\ ljsf; ePsf] /fhgLlts 36gfqmdnffO{ s;/L x]l//xg'ePsf] 5 <

clxn] ljsf; ePsf] 36gfqmdnfO{ o;l;t hf]l8Psf] k[i7e"ldl;t hf]8]/ x]g'{k5{ . jf:tjdf o'4lj/fd k5fl8sf] /fhgLlt c:jfefljs lsl;dn] ;'? eof] . b]zdf )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwsf kIfw/ zlQmx¿n] k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng rnfO/x]sf lyP . o; l:yltdf dfcf]jfbL / ;QfkIfaLr o'4lj/fd eof] . xfdLn] klxn]b]lv eGb} cfO/x]sf 5f}+, /fhfsf] o'4lj/fdsf k5fl8sf] d'Vo p2]Zo k|ltudgnfO{ dha't kfg'{ xf] . csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] d'Vo p2]Zo ;QfkIf;Fu cyjf /fhf, k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQml;t ;fF7ufF7 u/]/ ;Qfdf k'Ug' xf] . oxL g} dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] k|wfg gLlt xf] . o; k|sf/sf p2]Zox¿sf cfwf/df jf:tjdf b]zdf zflGtsf] ;d:of;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g lyof] . To;}n] xfdL s'g s'/fdf hf]8 lbO/x]sf lyof}+ eg] klxnf], of] zflGtjftf{nfO{ b]z / hgtfsf Jofks lxtdf n}hfg'kb{5 . bf];|f], of] zflGtjftf{ /fhf / dfcf]jfbLsf aLrdf dfq eP/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'Fb}g, o;df )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿ /fhgLlts kIfw/x¿sf] klg k|ToIf pkl:ylt jf e"ldsf x'g'k5{ .
t];|f], of] zflGtjftf{ b]z / hgtfsf lxtljk/Lt hfg] ;+efjgfnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu To;nfO{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngl;t hf]8]/ n}hfg'kb{5 . t/ /fhf / dfcf]jfbL b'j}n] To; s'/fdf Wofg lbPgg\ . /fhfsf] k|ltufdL rl/q / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] cfˆgf] cj;/jfbL rl/qn] ubf{ zflGtjftf{ ;+ej ePg . To; cj:yfdf o'4lj/fdkl5 zflGtsf] Pp6f kIf sdhf]/ x'Fb} u}/x]sf] lyof] . o'4lj/fdn] zflGtsf ;+efjgfx¿ :yfkgf ug]{ / clxn]sf] ;d:of;dfwfg ug]{ ;+efjgfdf klg sdL ePsf] lyof] . b'j} kIfx¿åf/f lgbf]{if hgtfdfly s}of}+ k|sf/sf bdg, dfcf]jfbLaf6 rGbfcft+s, ckx/0fsf s}of}+ 36gfx¿ hf/L /x] . oL ;a} lrhx¿ x]bf{ o'4lj/fdn] ;xL lbzf lng g;s]sf] s'/f :ki6 e}/x]sf] lyof] . b]zdf k|ltudg k/flht u/]/ dfq ;xL ¿kdf zflGtsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsGYof] . zflGtjftf{ b]z / hgtfsf lj?4 hfg] ;+efjgfx¿lj?4 ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng cufl8 a9\g'kb{Yof], To; cj:yfdf o'4lj/fdnfO{ klg /f]Sg ;lsGYof] . t/ b'j}kIfx¿åf/f e}/x]sf ultljlwn] b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf kl/0ffd cfpFb}g eGg] s'/fsf] ;+s]t ldln/x]sf] lyof] . xfdLn] s] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ eg] o'4lj/fdnfO{ b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf, hgtfsf] Jofks rfxgf, zflGtsf] kIfdf pkof]u ul/g'eGbf klg cf-cfˆgf a[[xQ/ k|sf/sf /fhgLlts :jfy{ k"/f ug{sf nflu g} k|of]u ul/of] . ;]gf, ;Qf / dfcf]jfbLn] b]z, hgtf / /fhgLltl;t v]njf8 u/] . kl/0ffdtM o'4lj/fd e+u eof] . of] cs:dft 36]sf] 36gf xf]Og, h'g lsl;dn] o'4lj/fd cufl8 a9\b} cfO/x]sf / 36gfx¿ eO/x]sf lyP . o;sf] :jfefljs kl/0ffd:j¿k o'4lj/fd e+u ePsf] xf] .

jftf{nfO{ kl/0ffdd'vL gagfpg'df d'Vo e"ldsf s;sf] /x\of] <

klxnf] e"ldsf b/af/sf] xf] . jf:tjdf b]zdf cfh k|ltudgsf] lj?4df ;+3if{ yfln/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] æ;z:q ;+3if{Æ ;'? x'g'eGbf k"j{b]lv g} b/af/n] k|ltudgsf] l:yltnfO{ dha't kfg{ )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;dfKt ug{, b]zdf ;Lldt ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{ ;dfKt ug{ if8\oGq ul//x]sf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL ultljlwn] To;nfO{ d2t k'¥ofof] . xfdL b'j} kIfsf aLrdf ;fF7ufF7 lyof] eGb}gf}+ / pgLx¿n] Pp6} of]hgfcGtu{t Tof] sfd ul//x]sf lyP eGg xfdL;Fu s'g} cfwf/ 5}g . t/ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] b]zsf] j:t'ut l:ylt, cfTdut l:yltnfO{ Wofg glbOsg ckgfPsf gLltsf kl/0ffdx¿n] k|ltudgnfO{ d2t k'¥ofof] . o;/L Psflt/ b/af/sf] if8\oGq / csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL e8\sfj a9\b} uP . /, b/af/sf] tkm{af6 )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ y'k|} k|oTgx¿ eP .
dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] tkm{af6 k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿l;t ;fF7ufF7 u/L s'g} klg ;t{df ;Qfdf k'Ug] y'k|} k|oTg eP . o;sf nflu pgLx¿n] gofF hgjfbsf] l;4fGt ;d]t ltnf~hnL lbP, To;sf] ;§fdf ægofF df]8nsf] k|hftGqÆsf] l;4fGt NofP . /fhf / k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿;lxtsf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfgf;efsf] s'/f u/] . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿l;t ;fF7ufF7 u/L ;Qfdf k'Ug] of]hgf agffP, h'g gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] l;4fGtsf] ljk/Ltsf] s'/f lyof] . Toltdfq xf]Og, pgn] /fhfl;t ;Demf}tfk/:t gLlt ckgfpFb} uP . o; l;nl;nfdf pgLx¿n] /fhf jL/]Gb|l;t c3f]lift sfo{ut Pstf klg u/] . o'4lj/fdkZrft\ dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;Qfdf k'Ugsf] nflu emg} cflQPsf lyP . o;s} lglDt pgLx¿n] v'nf cy{gLltsf] ;dy{g u/], ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbl;t klg ;Demf}tfk/:t gLlt ckgfpFb} uP . o;n] xfdLn] s] b]V5f}+ eg], pgLx¿n] s'g} klg cj:yfdf k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿l;t ldn]/ ;Qfdf k'Ug] gLlt lnPsf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] k|ltufdL tyf k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿l;t ;fF7ufF7 ug{sf nflu o'4lj/fd e+u u/]sf] xf] / <

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] b/af/l;t ;Demf}tf u/L ;Qfdf k'Ug;Sg] cfzf u/]sf lyP, lsgeg] c¿ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿, cfGbf]ngsf kIfw/ /fhgLlts zlQmx¿ /fhfsf] lj/f]wdf k|ltudglj/f]wL ;+3if{df plq/x]n] o;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] pko'Qm df}sf 7fg]] . lsgls dfcf]jfbLx¿n] b]z / hgtfsf] Jofks lxtdf eGbf cfˆgf ;Lldt :jfy{x¿sf nflu o'4lj/fd u/]sf lyP . oBlk dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ ;Qfdf ;xeflutfsf] k|nf]eg, nfnr b]vfP klg ;Qfdf ;xefuL u/fpg' b/af/sf nflu klg ;+ej s'/f lyPg . vf;u/L cfhsf] cGt/f{li6"o l:yltdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb, cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cg'df]bgljgf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;Qfdf ;xefuL u/fpg' b/af/sf] nflu ;+ej x'g] l:ylt 5}g . To;sf/0f h'g cfzf lnP/ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] o'4lj/fd u/]sf lyP, Tof] k"/f x'g ;s]g . oxfF pgLx¿sf] vfg] Pp6f / b]vfpg] Pp6f bfFt b]lvPsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] d'Vo tyf jf:tljs bfFt ;Qfdf k'Ug] xf] . ha ;Qfdf ;xeflutfsf] ;+efjgf sd ePkl5 dfcf]jfbLx¿n] pu| gf/f lbP/ cfkm"nfO{ qmflGtsf/L ¿kdf k|bz{g ub{5g\ . pgLx¿ ;+ljwfg;efdf d'Vo hf]8 lbO/x]sf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ pgLx¿sf] d'Vo hf]8 ;+ljwfg;ef xf]Og, of] pgLx¿sf] b]vfpg] bfFt xf] . jf:tjdf dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] d'Vo p2]Zo k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿l;t ;fF7ufF7 u/]/ ;Qfdf k'Ug] g} xf] . pgLx¿n] ;Qfdf k'Ug] ;+efjgf sd ePkl5 To;nfO{ 5fofdf kf/]/, xf]Og xfd|f] d'Vo hf]8 b]zdf qmflGtsf/L cfd"n kl/jt{g jf ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu ;+3if{ ug{ vf]h]sf] xf] eGg] e|d lbg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLx¿ t d'Vo s'/f ;+ljwfg;ef g} xf] eG5g\ lg <

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] s}of}+k6s o;nfO{ :ki6 u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ;QfkIfl;t ;Demf}tf, ;xdlt sfod ePdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/f 5f]8\g tof/ 5g\ . To;sf/0f pgLx¿n] eGb} cfPsf] cfPsf] ;+ljwfg;ef pgLx¿sf] d'Vo hf]8 xf]Og t/ ;Qfdf k'Ug] ;+efjgf sd ePkl5 ;+ljwfg;ef cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] s'/fdf pgLx¿n] d'Vo hf]8 lbP/ æqmflGtsf/LtfÆ k|bz{g ul//x]sf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] klxnf] / bf];|f] o'4lj/fd ;+ljwfg;efsf] c8fgdf tf]8]sf] b]lvPg / <

dfcf]jfbLx¿sf nflu d'Vo kIff ;+ljwfg;ef xf]Og, d'Vo kIf ;/sf/df ;xeflutf xf] . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ;/sf/df hfg] ;+efjgf ePsf] ;dodf ;xdlt ePdf ;+ljwfg;ef 5f]8\g tof/ 5f}+ eGb} cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf sltko g]tfx¿n] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf of] s'/f eg]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/df hfg gkfPsf]n] o'4lj/fd tf]l8of] eGbfv]/L hgtfdf e|d xfNg ;ls+b}g . o;sf/0f ;+ljwfg;efsf] sf/0fn] jftf{ e+u eof] eg]/ elg/x]sf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbL ;Qfdf ;xeflutfdf hf]8 lbO/x]sf] a]nfdf b]zdf zflGt sfod ug{sf nflu pgLx¿ lj>fd lbg] k|lqmof s] xf] t <

zflGt klg b]zsf] Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:of xf] . t/ Tof] eGbf d'Vo uDeL/ ;d:of rflxF k|ltudg xf] . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldltsf] 5}7f}+ a}7sn] k|ltudgnfO{ d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] 5 . oL b'Oj6} ;d:of xfd|f cufl8 uDeL/ 5g\, To;df k|d'v s'/f eg]sf] k|ltudg xf] . ha;Dd s7k'tnL ;/sf/ /xG5, hgtfsf] xftdf ;Qf /xb}g, k|ltufdLx¿sf] xftdf ;Qf /xG5, b/af/ cfˆgf] l:ylt dha't kfb}{ nlu/x]sf] x'G5 . Tof] a]nf;Dd zflGtsf] ;d:of;wfdfg x'Fb}g . o;/L b]zdf b'Oj6} uDeL/ ;d:of x'Fbfx'Fb} klg oL b'OdWo] xfdL k|ltudgsf] ;d:of d'Vo xf] elg/x]sf 5f}+ . To;sf/0f )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿sf] /Iff ug]{, b]zdf clwsf/;DkGg ;/sf/ :yfkgf ug]{, )$& sf] ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] /Iff ug]{ s'/f cfhsf] k|d'v ;d:of xf] .

k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t u/]kZrft\ dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ lj>fd lbg] k|lqmof s] xf] t <

klxnf], k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug]{, )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwnfO{ s;/L /Iff ug]{ < )$^ ;fnsf] pknlAw eg]sf] ;fdfGo s'/f xf]Og, tL; jif{;Dd hgtfn] u/]sf] ;+3if{sf kl/0ffd x'g\ . )$^ ;fndf hgtfsf] dxfg\ hgcfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffdx¿ d'Vo x'g\ . xfd|f] klxnf] lhDd]jf/L, st{Jo )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿sf] /Iff ug]{ xf] . To;sf] ;fy;fy} dfcf]jfbL ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg x'G5 eGg] s'/f 5- dfcf]jfbLx¿n] h] gLlt ckgfO/x]sf 5g\, ls t xfdLn] dfcf]jfbLsf] gLlt qmflGtsf/L 5g\ hfGg'k¥of] . t/ b]zJofkL ¿kdf hgdt x]g]{ xf] eg] pgLx¿sf] gLlt ;xL 5g\ eGg] kIfdf sf]xL klg 5}gg\ . To;sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k|df0f s] xf] eg] ha pgLx¿n] jftf{sf] nflu o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/] . ;Dk"0f{ hgtfn] o'4lj/fdnfO{ ;dy{g u/] . o'4lj/fdsf] ljkIfdf s'g} jQmJo klg cfPg, s;}n] lj/f]w klg u/]g . o;sf] cy{ xf]- hgtf b'j} ;]gfsf] cft+s tyf dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL ultljlwsf] lj?4df 5g\ . o;sf/0f klxnf] ;d:of xf]- pgLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL gLlt aGb x'g'k5{ . dfcf]jfbLx¿ b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf Odfgbf/ 5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] k|ltudgsf] lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg] k|oTg ug'{kb{5 . cfh k|ltudgsf lj?4 h'g zlQmx¿l;t ldn]/ ;+3if{ ul//x]sf 5f}+, To;df ljleGg lsl;dsf k|ltlqmofjfbL, cj;/jfbL, ;Demf}tfk/:t zlQmx¿ klg 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] k|ltudglj?4sf] ;+3if{df ;xefuL x'g'k5{ .
olb dfcf]jfbLx¿ qmflGtsf/L x'g\ eg] k|ltudglj/f]wL ;+3if{df d2t k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . t/ xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] gLlt o;nfO{ ;dy{g xf]Og, afwf xfNg] /x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿n] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngnfO{ æjftf{Æ ef8\g] if8\oGq eG5g\ . o;sf ;fy} pgLx¿n] k|ltudglj/f]wL ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngnfO{ cjd"Nog ug]{ / unt agfpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfdL pgLx¿nfO{ af/Daf/ eGb} cfO/x]sf 5f}+, ætkfO{+x¿n] uNtL ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . klxn] k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t u/f}+ .Æ t/ k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug]{eGbf klg pgLx¿sf] hf]8 k|ltufdLx¿l;t ;Demf}tf u/L s;/L kmfObf lng] eGg] s'/fdf /x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] b[li6sf]0f unt 5, dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ckgfPsf gLltx¿ unt 5g\ .

/fhgLlts bnx¿n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] !* a'Fb] sfo{qmdn] k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;S5 <

/fhgLlts bnx¿n] cufl8 ;f/]sf !* a'Fb] sfo{qmdn] clxn]sf] j:t'ut l:yltnfO{ k|:t't ub{5 . )$^ ;fnkl5 xfdLn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cu|udgsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg] sf]l;; u/]sf lyof}+ . )$* ;fndf xfdLn] lbPsf] ;+ljwfgf;efsf] gf/f tTsfnLg l:yltdf ;xL lyof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/fnfO{ lqmofTds gf/fsf] ¿kdf k]z ug'{ ;xL lyof] . cfhsf] j:t'ut cj:yf rflxF )$^ ;fnkl5sf] )$&÷)$* ;fnsf] 5}g . xfdL To; l:yltaf6 k5fl8 ws]lnPsf 5f}+, b]zdf k|ltudg ePsf] 5 . xfdL k5fl8 x6]sf] a]nf xfd|f] klxnf] gLlt cufl8 a9\g] xf] . o;nfO{ ;fdfGotM Jojxf/sf] ¿kdf a'em\g ;lsG5 . xfd|f] Pdfn], sf+u|];sf] gLlt-p2]Zodf cGt/ xf]nfg\, pgLx¿sf] l:ylt k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t u/]/ k"/f xf]nf . To;kl5 xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;ef, u0ftGq, gofF hgjfb, ;dfhfjfbdf hfg] xfd|f cu|udgsf lbzf t 5Fb}5g\ . o;sf/0f sDo'lgi6x¿n] tTsfnsf lglDt Jojxfl/s ;xL kIfdf xfdLn] ;+3if{ ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] /fli6"otfsf] nflu ;+3if{ ubf{ /fli6"otfsf] xfd|f] ;Ldf xf]Og, nIo xf]Og, xfdLn] k/fwLg b]zx¿df /fli6"o d'lQmsf nflu ;+3if{ ubf{ /fli6"o d'lQm xfd|f] ;Ldf xf]Og, nIo xf]Og . To;}u/L xfdLn] )$^ ;fndf k~rfotL tfgfzfxL Joj:yf k/flht ubf{ sf+u|];, jfddf]rf{l;t sfo{ut Pstf ul/of] .
To;}u/L clxn] !* a'Fb] sfo{qmddf h'g ;xdlt sfod ePsf] 5, tTsfnsf nflu of] ;xL 5 . clxn] b]zdf k|ltudg ePsf] l:ylt xf], k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug{sf nflu sfod ePsf] ;xdlt ;xL 5 . t/ xfd|f] p2]Zo rflxF )$^ ;fnsf] l:yltdf k'u]/ k"/f x'Fb}g . xfdLn] km]l/ cu|ufdL lbzf ;+ljwfg;ef, u0ftGq tyf gofF hgjfbdf cufl8 a9\g'k5{ .
clxn] h'g /fhgLlts bnx¿l;t ldn]/ u}/x]sf 5f}+, To;df ;xefuL ePsf /fhgLlts zlQmx¿n] clxn] sfod ePsf] !* a'Fb] ;xdltaf6 k5fl8 x6]/ ;QfkIfl;t ;Defm}tf ug]{ ;+efjgfnfO{ xfdLn] c:jLsf/ ub}{gf}+ . xfdLn] /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] !* a'Fb] ;xdltnfO{ kof{Kt dfg]/ ;dy{g u/]sf] xf]Og, clxn]sf] l:yltdf cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg d2t k'uf];\ eGg] cfwf/df xfdLn] o;nfO{ ;dy{g ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

k|ltudg k/f:t u/]kl5 dfq ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg ;xdt x'g'x'G5 <

hxfF;Dd ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|Zg 5, xfd|f] ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf ;a}eGbf nfdf] Oltxf; 5 . tTsfnLg g]skfdf )!$ ;fnb]lv xfdLn] -k'iknfn, zDe'/fd / d_ 8f= /fodfemLsf lj?4 ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu ;+3if{ u/]sf 5f}+ . b/e+uf Kng]ddf klg xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lglDt ;+3if{ u¥of}+, h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/f ax'dtn] kfl/t eof] . Tolta]nf d g]skfsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf lyP . g]kfnL sf+u|]; nufot cGo /fhgLlts zlQmx¿n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/fnfO{ Tolta]nf g} 5f]8] klg xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efdf hf]8 lb+b} cfof}+, To;kZrft\ xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/f lbP/ )$* ;fndf cfd lgjf{rg alxisf/ u¥of}+ . xfd|f] ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf c6'6 / nfdf] Oltxf; 5 . xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] slxn] klg lj/f]w u/]sf 5}gf}+ .
clxn] klg xfdLn] ;+ljwfge;fsf] gf/f cfjZos 5 eg]/ elg/x]sf 5f}+ . t/ s'g a]nf ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/fnfO{ slt hf]8 lbg] eGg] s'/f kl/l:yltdf e/ k5{ . cfh k|ltudg cyjf b/af/n] cfˆgf]l:ylt dha't ul//x]sf] 5 . To;sf] d"n sf/0f )$^ ;fndf hgtf ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf x:tfGt/0f gx'g' xf] . xfdLn] )$^ ;fndf ;Lldt ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf ePb]lv g} ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf gcfPsf] s'/f elg/x]sf 5f}+ .
Tolta]nf ;a} /fhgLlts bn d'VotM sf+u|];, jfddf]rf{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf cfof] eg]/ lrNnfPsf lyP . t/ clxn] o;sf] k'li6 eof] . jf:tjdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf gcfPsf] sf/0fn] b/af/sf lglDt cfˆgf] l:ylt dha't kfg{ ;+ej eof] . To;sf/0f clxn] klg k|ltudgnfO{ jf:tljs ¿kdf k/flht ug{sf nflu ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf cfpg h?/L 5 . hxfF;Dd xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;jfn 5, xfd|f] kf6L{n] klxn] b]zdf d'Vo ;d:of k|ltudg xn x'g'k5{, ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf hfg'eGbf klxn] To;sf] nflu k"jf{wf/ tof/ x'g'k5{ . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] rf}yf] s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldltn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef cfGbf]ngfTds gf/f xf] .
kfFrf}+ s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldltn] ;+ljwfg;ef cfGbf]ngfTds gf/f xf], To;sf nflu k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug'{k5{ eGg] gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 eg] 5}7f}+ s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldltsf] a}7sn] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu k"jf{wf/ tof/ kfg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . To;sf] cy{ zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] lkmtf{, s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf] vf/]hL, /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdltdf ;/sf/ agfpg' / )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ xf] . To;kl5 gofF ;+ljwfglgdf{0fk|lqmofsf] lglDt ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] s'/f xf] . xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efdf ghfg] s'/f slxNo} u/]sf 5}gf}+ . t/ clxn]sf] l:yltdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjn] b]zsf] d'Vo ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ub}{g . To;sf/0f xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;ef cfGbf]ngfTds gf/f xf] elg/x]sf 5f}+ . pgLx¿n] ;xL gLlt lnP/ b]zsf] k|d'v ;d:of k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;+o'Qm eP/ cufl8 cfpg'k5{ .

oxfFsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf olt nfdf] / c6'6 ;+3if{sf] Oltxf; 5 . t/ /fhgLlts j[Qdf tkfO{+nfO{ ;+ljwfg;eflj/f]wL dflgG5 lg <

tkfO{+ xfd|f, n]v, cGtjftf{ x]g'{eof] eg] xfdLn] slxNo} ;+ljwfg;efsf] lj/f]w u/]sf 5}gf}+ . ;+ljwfg;ef tTsfnsf] lqmofTds gf/f xf] ls cfGbf]ngfTds gf/f xf] eGg] dfq k|Zg xf] . cyf{t\ clxn] d'Vo hf]8 )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿sf] /Iff / k|ltudglj?4sf] ;+3if{df hf]8 lbg] jf ;+ljwfg;efdf lbg] eGg] xf] . jf:tjdf xfdLn] )$^ ;fndf k|fKt ;Lldt pknlAwx¿nfO{ d'Vo hf]8 lbO/x]sf 5f}+ .
clxn]sf] l:yltdf )$^ ;fndf k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwx¿ ckxl/t ePsf sf/0fn], )$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿nfO{ /Iff ug'{ xfd|f] k|fylds st{{Jo xf] . xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/fnfO{ 5f8\g] xf]Og, ablnPsf] kl/l:yltdf klxn] lbPsf] hlt ;+ljwfg;efdf hf]8 glbO{ To;sf] t'ngfdf xfdLn] ckxl/t clwsf/sf] k'g:yf{kgfdf hf]8 lbO/x]sf 5f}+ . To;sf/0f xfd|f] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] 5}7f}+ a}7sn] )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngåf/f k|fKt / ckxl/t clwsf/ lkmtf{ cfGbf]ngsf] k|:yfglaGb' atfP/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+ljwfgf;efsf] prfOdf k'¥ofpg] eg]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] prfOdf k'¥ofpg] nIo ePsfn] lqmofTds gf/f xf] . xfdLn] dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] h:t} tTsfn ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf 5}gf}+ . xfd|f] b]zsf] kl/l:yltcg';f/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lj/f]w u/]sf] eg] tfklg of] tYo;+ut s'/f xf]Og .

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] jftf{ kl/0ffdd'vL gePdf lg0ff{os o'4 jf s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug]{ wDsL lbPsf lyP . of] s]jn wDsL dfq xf] ls ;+efjgf klg b]Vg'x'G5<

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] Pp6f s'/f :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . cfh ;QfkIf / xfdL klg ljho k|fKt ug]{ l:yltdf 5}gf}+ . o;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] /0fgLlt ;Gt'ngsf] gfd lbPsf 5g\ . o;df :jo+ dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] :jL/f]lQmn] s'g s'/f atfpF5 eg\ pgLx¿ ljho ug]{ cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . o;df ;QfkIfn] klg p;sf] l:ylt k|:6 kfg'{k5{ . pgLx¿n] æhgo'4Æ gofF hgjfbL qmflGt, b]zdff /fhtGq cGTosf nflu ;'?cft u/]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] /fhtGqsf] cGTo ePsf], u0ftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] s'/f u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] af/Daf/ sxfF emg'{k¥of] eg] æ'/fhf b]zsf] Pp6f zlQm xf]Æ, /fhfl;t ;Demf}tf ug{ kxnsbdL ug'{k¥of] .
clxn] /fli6"o, cGt/f{li6"o l:yltnfO{ d"Nof°g ubf{v]/L gofF hgjfbL qmflGt ;kmn kfg{, ;z:q ;+3if{nfO{ ;kmn kfg{sf nflu j:t'ut, cfTdut kl/l:ylt tof/ 5}g . j:t'ut cfTdut kl/l:yltljgfsf] æ;z:q ;+3if{Æ pu|jfdkGyL uNtL x'G5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL uNtL xf] eGg] s'/fdf xfdL ;a} ;xdt 5f}+ . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL uNtL ePsfn] pgLx¿n] lg0ff{os ljho ug]{ ;+efjgf 5}g .
dfcf]jfbLx¿n] c5fd, 8f]Nkf, ?s'd, h'Dnf cflb xdnfkl5 æjftf{Æsf] nflu af/Daf/ s'/f p7fPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL sxLF cfqmd0f ub{5g\ jf lg0ff{os ljhosf] s'/f ub{5g\ eg] To;sf k5fl8sf] p2]Zo ;Demf}tfsf] nflu cfwf/ tof/ kfg'{ xf] . csf]{lt/ ;/sf/sf] k|oTg klg ef/t, cd]l/sf;Fu ;xof]u lnP/ dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{sf] nflu cfˆgf] kIfnfO{ dha't kfg'{ xf]] . ha kl/l:yltljgf pu| lsl;dsf gf/f lbOG5 eg] To;n] cfGbf]ng, qmflGtnfO{ xf]Og, k|ltqmflGt / k|ltudgnfO{ d2t ub{5 .

o'4lj/fd e+usf] 3f]if0ffn] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngnfO{ slt k|efj kf5{ <

hlta]nf ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng ;'? ePsf] lyof], To;a]nf o'4lj/fd ePsf] lyPg . Tolta]nf klg xfd|f] cufl8 k|ltudg lyof], xfdLn] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf] nflu ;f]lr/x]sf lyof}+ . hlta]nf dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL ultljlwx¿ klg rln/x]sf] lyof], xfdLn] o'4lj/fd 3f]if0ff x'g'eGbf k"j{ k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ k|oTg ul//x]sf lyof}+ . clxn] klg k|ltudgsf lj?4sf] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf kl/jt{g cfpg'kg]{ s'g} sf/0f 5}g . t/ dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL ultljlwnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;QfkIfn] bdg a9fpg ;Sg] ;+efjgfnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;ls+b}g . b/af/af6 dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] pu|jfdkGyL ultljlwnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;+;b\ lj36g ul/of], )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf pknlAwx¿ ;dfKt kfb}{{ nluof], ;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff ul/of] . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf pu|jfdkGyL ultljlwx¿ b/af/nfO{ d2t k'¥ofpg] dfWod ePsf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ;z:q ultljlwn] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngnfO{ sl7g l:ylt pTkGg ug{ ;S5 . t/ hxfF;Dd b]zdf k|hftGqsf] nflu ;+3if{ 5, Tof] dfcf]jfbLsf] cfGbf]ngl;t hf]l8Psf] s'/f xf]Og . k|hftGqsf] nflu /f0ff sfnb]lv ;+3if{ rln/x]sf] 5 . tfgfzfxL k~rfotL Joj:yflj?4 tL; ;fn;Dd ;+3if{ rn]sf] 5, )$^ ;fnkl5 klg k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;+3if{ e}/x]sf] 5 . hlta]nf ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k|ltudgnfO{ b]v]sf lyPgg\, pgLx¿ cfFvf rlDn]/ k|ltudg s]xL xf]Og elg/x]sf lyP . Tolta]nf tTsfnLg g]skf -d;fn_n] k|ltufdL vt/fsf] ljifodf cfjfh p7fpFb} cfO/x]sf] lyof] . tTsfnLg g]skf -d;fn_n] t clxn] xf]Og, ;a} /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] h'g ;dodf a'em]sf lyPgg\, To;a]nf k|ltudgsf] vt/f 5 eg]sf] lyof] . h;nfO{ g t sf+u|];n] :jLsf/ u¥of], g t Pdfn] :jLsf/ u¥of] .
dfcf]jfbLx¿n] k|ltudgsf] vt/fnfO{ d;fnsf] æ:ofnx'OFofÆ xf] elg/x]sf lyP . Tolta]nf dfcf]jfbLx¿n] cfˆgf n]vx¿df æ/fhf t Pp6f ;ft sf]if 6f9f vf]/df y'lgPsf] af3 xf]Æ eg]sf lyP . t/ pgLx¿n] æaf3Æ ha ;fd' cfof], ta pgLx¿n] b]v] . xfdLn] t ;fd' gcfP klg b]lv/x]sf lyof}+ . o:t} dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ljifodf klg e}/x]sf] 5, xfdL dfcf]jfbLx¿leq n's]sf] /fhfk/:t gLltnfO{ b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . clxn] xfdL dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ;z:q ultljlwnfO{ aflx/af6 x]l//x]sf 5}gf}+, dfcf]jfbLleqsf] :j¿knfO{ d"Nof°g ug]{ k|oTg ul//x]sf 5f}+ . To;sf/0f dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ultljlwaf6 lglZrt ¿kdf b/af/, cd]l/sf, ef/tnfO{ kmfObf k'lu/x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} zlQmx¿n] cfGbf]gndf ;xefuL ePsf kIfdf km'6 kfg]{, b/af/sf] kIfdf n}hfg], ;Demf}tfdf k'¥ofpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ clxn] d'Vo k|Zg b]zsf] P]ltxfl;s cj:yf xf] . cfh xfdL cGo b]zx¿df ;o b'O{ ;o jif{ cufl8 b]lv nl8/x]sf 5f}+ . ljZj :t/df lg/+s'z /fhtGqlj?4sf] n8fOF clttsf] n8fOF e};s]sf] 5 . ha;Dd b/af/sf] l:ylt dha't /xG5, lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] vt/f /xG5, k|hftGqsf nflu n8fOF hf/L /xG5 . o;df b/af/sf] e"ldsf s:tf] /xG5, dfcf]jfbLn] To;nfO{ slt d2t ub{5, To;n] dxTj /fVb}g . clxn] hgtfdf b]zsf] ;fdGtjfblj/f]wL zlQmsf lj?4 gjhfu/0f e}/x]sf] 5, k|hftGqk|lt r]tgf:t/ al9/x]sf] 5 . k~rfotsfndf s}of}+k6s b/af/n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ bafP/ nu]sf] Oltxf; 5 . To;sf afah'b klg hgtf k~rfotL Joj:yfnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ ;kmn eP . o;sf/0f b/af/ o'4lj/fd e+u eP klg b/af/, ;]gf / k|x/Lsf] hlt bdg eP klg cfGbf]ng nuftf/ cufl8 al9/xG5 .

lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngn] k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;kmn xf]nf <

/fhgLltdf o;/L eljiojf0fL ug{ ;ls+b}g . o;sf nflu /fhgLlts zlQmx¿n] slt zlQm k|of]u ub{5g\, b/af/n] slt zlQm k|of]u u5{, To;sf] kl/0ffddf e/ k5{ . csf]{ s'/f, /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ cfkm"n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] sfo{qmddf slt uDeL/ x'G5g\ < /fhgLlts zlQmx¿sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] lbzfdf sf]l;; x'G5, ;QfkIfn] ;]gf, k|x/L÷k|zf;g cfGbf]ngnfO{ k|lt/f]w ug]{ k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} cfkm"nfO{ æqmflGtsf/LÆ zlQm eGg] dfcf]jfbLn] cft+sjfbL ultljlwaf6 cfGbf]ngsf] bdgsf] nflu a9L cfwf/ tof/ kfl//x]sf] 5 . t/ k|ltudgsf lj?4 hgtfsf] ljho lglZrt 5 .

@)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf h:t} ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL /fhgLlts zlQmx¿n] b/af/l;t ;Demf}tf u/]df g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn_n] s;/L ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg]5 <

;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL ePsf /fhgLlts zlQmx¿ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngaf6 k5fl8 x6\g], /fhfl;t ;Demf}tf ug]{ ;+efjgf /lx/xG5 . t/ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng h'g p2]Zon] cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ s'g} klg kIfsf] zlQmn] k5fl8 kfg{ ;Sb}g . pgLx¿n] ga'em]sf sltko s'/fx¿ eljiodf :ki6 x'Fb} hfg]5g\ . lxhf] ljkLx¿n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|Zgdf ;Demf}tf u/], xfdLn] To;sf] lj/f]w u¥of}+ . ;Dk"0f{ b]z pgLx¿sf] ;Demf}tfsf] kIfdf uof], xfd|f] cfjfhnfO{ s;}n] ;'g]g .
t/ klg To;sf] kl/0ffd x]bf{v]/L ljkLx¿sf] ;Demf}tfsf sf/0f /fhf dx]Gb|n] k|hftGqnfO{ ;dfKt u/L ljkLx¿nfO{ h]ndf k7fP . pgLx¿sf] gLlt unt ePsf] :ki6 eof] . To:t} )$^ ;fndf ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf cfPg eGbf cGo /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;Dk"0f{ b]zn] xfd|f] s'/f a'em]gg\, pgLx¿sf] s'/f ;'g] . t/ cfh ;Dk"0f{ b]z, hgtf, /fhgLlts zlQm ;To s'/f a'lem/x]sf 5g\ . ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL /fhgLlts zlQmx¿ ;Demf}tfsf] af6f] ckgfpg ;S5g\, pgLx¿n] ;Demf}tfsf] af6f] ckgfpF5g\ eg] Tof] b]zsf] j:t'ut cj:yfl;t, b]zsf] P]ltxfl;s cj:yfl;t d]n vfG5 ls vfFb}g d'Vo s'/f xf] . olb To;n] d]n vfFb}g, Tof] unt s'/f x'G5 . km]l/ cfGbf]ng gofF 9+un] cufl8 a9\5 .

g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn_sf] kf6L{ Pstf ePsf] Ps jif{df km'6sf ;+efjgfx¿ b]vfk/]sf 5g\ lg <

xfdL km'6sf] ;+efjgfaf/] t s]xL eGg ;Sb}gf}+ . clxn] b]lvPsf] s'/f rflxF dte]bsf] s'/f xf] . tL dte]bx¿ b'O{ lsl;dsf 5g\ M kf6L{Pstf x'g'eGbf k"j{ xfd|f aLrdf y'k|} dte]bx¿ lyP . xfdLn] dte]bx¿nfO{ dxflwj]zgdf 6'+Uofpg] u/L ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf 5nkmn rnfpg] u/L kf6L{Pstf u/]sf xf}+ . tL dte]bx¿ s}of}+ k|Zgl;t 5g\, d'Vo u/L dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf xf] . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf xfd|f aLrdf dte]bx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] aLrdf ;dembf/L, ;xdlt s] ePsf] xf] eg] To;nfO{ v'nf ¿kdf rnfpg] . bf];|f] lsl;dsf dte]bx¿ s] x'g\ eg] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldltåf/f gLltlgwf{/0f ug]{ ljifodf tTsfnLg ljifodf b]vfk/]sf dte]bx¿ 5g\ .
oL dte]bx¿nfO{ xfdLn] s'g} a]nf kf6L{leq / s'g} a]nf v'nf ¿kdf rnfpF5f}+ . To;sf/0f h'g dte]bx¿ cfPsf 5g\, sltko kf6L{leq Ps csf]{ lj?4 y'k|} cfIf]k, cfnf]rgf, lj/f]w e}/x]sf 5g\ . t/ xfd|f To; k|sf/sf] dte]b xf]Ogg\, lsgls tL dte]bx¿ xfd|f] ;xdltsf ;fy ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf rnfpg'k5{ eg]/ xfd|f] s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
Pp6f lrh s] xf] eg] ha dte]bx¿ x'G5g\, ToxL a]nf bf]xf]/f] ;+efjgf x'G5 . s'g} a]nf v'nf 5nkmn rn]sf] x'Fb}g . t/ km'6sf] ;+efjgf 5 eg]/ xfdL eGg ;Sb}gf}+ . klxn] kf6L{df v'nf 5nkmn gePsf] a]nf cyf{t\ dte]bx¿ v'nf gePsf] a]nf kf6L{df km'6 cfPsf] 5 . s'g} a]nf xfdLn] dte]bx¿nfO{ v'nf ¿kdf nUbf klg km'6 ePsf] 5}g . To;sf/f0f dte]bsf sf/0fn] km'6 x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f xf]Og, dte]bsf ;fydf hlt To;nfO{ cg'zf;gljxLg tl/sfn] nluG5, u'6aGbL ul/G5, To;sf] cfwf/df tL dte]bx¿af6 km'6sf] ;+efjgf x'g;S5 . ut sfndf xfdL To; k|sf/sf km'6sf] ;fdgf ul/cfPsf 5f}+, s'g} a]nf dte]bnfO{ ;dfwfg u/L kf6L{Pstf emg\ dha't ePsf] 5 . s'g} a]nf dte]bsf] sf/0fn] km'6 klg ePsf] 5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd cfpg] lbgx¿n] k|:6 atfpg]5 .

g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn_sf ;xdxfdGqLn] dxfdGqLsf] æqmflGtsf/L rl/qdf x|f;Æ cfPsf], blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbsf] cf/f]k nufpg'ePsf] 5, dxfdGqLaf6 ;xdxfdGqLnfO{ dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] v'nf æk|jQmfÆsf] cf/f]k cfof] . o;n] cGtlj{/f]w r/d ¿kdf k'u]sf] ;+s]t ub}{g <

oL dte]bx¿sf] l;nl;nf s;}nfO{ blif0fkGyL cj;/jfbL, c/fhstfjfbL b[li6sf]0f cflb /fhgLlts zAbfjnLx¿ x'g\ . xfd|f] ;xdlt s'g s'/fdf ePsf] 5 eg] dxfdGqL, ;xdxfdGqLn] v'nf ¿kdf ljrf/x¿sf] cfnf]rgf ug{ ;lsG5, t/ d"ntM ljrf/sf] cfnf]rgf xf], h;nfO{ a]Ub} ;+1f klg lbg ;lsG5 . blIf0fkGyL, lk5nUu'kg, pu|jfdkGyL cflb s'g} klg ;fyLn] b]vfPsf] ljrf/sf] cfnf]rgf xf] . o;sf/0f tL dte]bx¿nfO{ r/d ¿k xf] eGg ;ls+b}g . lsgls tL lglxt /fhgLlts zAbfjnLx¿ g} x'g\ . o;sf/0f JolQmx¿sf h'g ljrf/x¿ cfPsf 5g\, To;sf] a]Un} cfnf]rgf ug{ ;lsG5 . To;nfO{ klg xfdL u}//fhgLlts k|j[lQ xf] eGb}gf}+ .

Pstfs]Gb|-d;fndf k|wfg cGtlj{/f]wdf dte]b 5, cGo sltko ;jfndf klg dte]b 5 elgG5 . t/ ax; dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] af/]df e}/x]sf 5g\ lg <

Tof] ;To xf] . xfd|f aLrdf k|wfg cGtlj{/f]wb]lv lnP/ sltko dxTjk"0f{ ljifo :6flng, rfcf] PgnfO{, Rofªlrªsf] d"Nof°gsf] k|Zgdf, pQ/ sf]l/of, So'af cflbnfO{ x]g]]{ b[li6sf]0fdf, )$^ sf] hgcfGbf]ng / )$& sf] ;+ljwfg cflb y'k|} ljifox¿df dte]b ePsf 5g\ . t/ tkfO{+n] b]Vg'x'G5, oL ;a} dte]bx¿ kfvf nfu]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f d'Vo dte]b dfcf]jfbLsf] ljifodf rln/x]sf] 5 . To;sf] k5fl8sf] sf/0f s] xf] eg] cGo ljifox¿ s]xL ;}4flGts, s]xL Oltxf;sf ljifox¿;Fu ;dalGwt 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ljifo rflxF tTsfnLg /fhgLltl;t ;DalGwt ePsf]n] rsf]{ ¿kdf cfO/x]sf] 5 .
clxn] ;+ljwfg;ef, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] s'/f cfpFbf dfcf]jfbLl;t hf]l8G5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] lk5nUu'kgsf] s'/f, dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ev{/} g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn_ km'6\g'k5{ eGg] s'/f tTsfnLg /fhgLltl;t hf]l8of] . tTsfn Jojxf/l;t hf]l8Psf k|Zgx¿ rsf]{ ¿kdf cfpF5g\ . o;af6 xfd|f dte]bx¿sf] ;DaGw d'Vo ¿kdf dfcf]jfbLx¿;Fu g} hf]l8G5 eGg] s'/f a'lemG5 .
dfcf]jfbLx¿l;t dte]b x'g'sf k5fl8 xfd|f] kf6L{df dfcf]jfbLsf k|Zgdf h'g ;+3if{ rln/x]sf] 5, of] xfd|f] kf6L{leq h;/L b]lvP tfklg d"n ¿kdf of] dfcf]jfbLl;tsf] ;+3if{ xf] . xfdLn] ljutdf 8f= /fodfemLsf] /fhfjfbL nfOgsf lj?4 ;+3if{ u¥of}+, Tof] ;+3if{ /fhfsf] k|Zgl;t hf]l8Psf] x'GYof] . k'iknfnsf] sf+u|];k/:t nfOgsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ubf{ sf+u|];l;t hf]l8of] . o:t} xfd|f] kf6L{df dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] k|Zgdf h'g 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5, xfd|f] kf6L{leq dfcf]jfbLx¿l;t rln/x]sf] ;+3if{ uf}0f kIf xf], k|yd kIf rflxF dfcf]jfbLx¿ lj?4sf] ;+3if{ xf] .

;xdxfdGqLn] g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn_ dfcf]jfbLx¿l;t æqmflGtsf/L :kLl/6Æ / sfo{lbzfsf] ;jfndf Ps} 7fpFdf 5f}+ eGg'ePsf] 5 . d'VotM bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] ;dfof]hgsf] ;jfndf ;dgtfsf s'/f ul/G5 lg <

xfdLn] ;a} rLhn] ubf{ dfcf]jfbLx¿k|ltsf] lk5nUu'kg xf] eg]/ eg]sf 5f}+ . pxfFsf] dfcf]jfbLk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f, ;f]r, gLlt dfcf]jfbLk/:t 5g\ . o;n] pxfFn] a]nf-a]nfdf d"n ¿kdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gLltnfO{ cwf/ agfP/ xf]Og, dfcf]jfbLsf] gLltnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;f]Rg'x'G5 eGg] s'/f k|:6 x'G5 . xfd|f] kf6L{df ;fdfGotM j}rfl/s ¿kdf dte]b ePsf] 5 . t/ pxfsf] ;a} /fhgLltsf d"n k|Zgx¿df dfcf]jfbLsf] /fhgLltnfO{ cg's"n u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ an k'¥ofpg], pgLx¿sf] /fhgLlts kIfdf kf6L{nfO{ n}hfg] lsl;dn] cfO/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] nflu ToxL Pp6f ;d:of ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLx¿n] g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn_df ljb|f]x x'g'kb{5 eg]sf 5g\ . o;n] s'g s'/f atfpF5 eg] dfcf]jfbLsf] ;}4flGts k|Zgdf ;aeGbf a9L ;+3if{ xfdLl;t 5 . k"j{ g]skf -d;fn_n] dfcf]jfbLx¿sf lj?4 ;}4flGts, j}rfl/s ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . olt s'/f e};s]kl5 dfcf]jfbLsf] k|Zgdf v'nf 5nkmn rnfpg] ;xdltdf xfd|f] kf6L{Pstf ePsf] xf] . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{nfO{ pgLx¿sf] kIfdf n}hfg] sf]l;; /x]sf] 5 . csf]{ xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] lj?4df h'g ;}4flGts, j}rfl/s ;+3if{ xfdL rnfO/x]sf 5f}+, To;nfO{ /f]Sg nufpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ . ha dfcf]jfbLx¿ Tof] k|oTgdf ;kmn ePgg\, pgLx¿n] kf6L{df km'6 kfg{] gLlt ckgfO/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{sf ;xdxfdGqL sf= k|sfznfO{ klxn] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gLltnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf n}hfg] sf]l;; eof], kf6L{leqsf dfcf]jfbLx¿l;t ;}4flGts ljrf/x¿nfO{ /f]Sg] k|oTg eof] . ca km]l/ kf6L{ km'6sf s'/fx¿ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLnfO{ ;xdxfdGqL km'6sf] nflu ;+nUg x'g'x'G5 eGg] cfwf/ rflxF 5}g . t/ s'g s'/f k|:6 ePsf] 5 eg] pxfFn] km'6sf nflu j}rfl/s ¿kdf cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{ sfo{ ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . ækf6L{leq blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbLx¿sf] k|e'Tj x'G5 eg] kf6L{nfO{ pgLx¿sf] k|e'Tjaf6 d'Qm ug{nfO{ ljb|f]x ug'{k5{ .Æ pxfFn] klxn] of] eGg'eof] km]l/ æ'ToxfÆ rln/x]sf] cGt/;+3if{ qmflGtsf/L dfS;{jfb / blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbflj?4sf] ;+3if{ xf] .Æ o;sf] cy{ tyf lgisif{ rflx+ pxfFn] km'6sf] kIfdf ljrf/x¿ NofO/xg'ePsf] 5, Jojxfl/s ¿kdf eg] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . sltko 7fpFdf ækm'6Æsf nflu k|oTg eP, o;df slknj:t'sf] pbfx/0f pNn]vgLo 5 .
slknj:t' kf6L{df ljb|f]x ePsf] ;dfrf/ kqklqsfx¿df cfpFbf lrqaxfb'/ s]=;L=n] To;sf] v08g ug'{eof], kl5 uP/ hgPstf ;fKtflxsdf ljb|f]xsf] k'li6 ePsf] ;dfrf/ cfpF5 . t/ slknj:t'sf] slyt ljb|f]xsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ JolQmx¿ kf6L{ ;b:o xf]Ogg\, pgLx¿ kf6L{leq uf]Ko s'/f nuftf/ dfcf]jfbLx¿sxfF ;s'{n/ u/]sf] sf/0f kf6L{PstfeGbf k"j{ sfjf{xLdf k/]sf lyP .
kf6L{ ;b:o gePsf JolQmx¿n] s;/L ljb|f]x u/] < k|Zg pl7/x]sf] 5 . xfdL To;df ;xdxfdGqLsf] ;+nUgtf 5 eg]/ eGb}gf}+ . To; slyt ljb|f]xdf k"j{ Pstf s]Gb|l;t ;DalGwt ;fyLx¿ / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf klg b]lvPsf] 5 . t/ dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] kf6L{ km'6fpg] if8\oGqsf] Pp6f c+u xf] eg]/ k'li6 ePsf] 5 . km]l/ csf]{ ;dfrf/ slyt ljb|f]xL sld6L / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] aLrdf Pstf eP/ cfPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] kf6L{ km'6fpg] if8\oGq slknj:t'df t'lxPsf] 5 .

d'VotM /0fgLlts sfo{lbzfsf] ;dfgtfsf] s'/f 5 lg <

sltko cfwf/e"t k|Zg, /fhgLtls k|Zgdf ;dfgtf x'g ;S5 . xfdLn] dfcf]ljrf/wf/f, gofF hgjfbL qmflGt, bL3{sfnLg ;z:q ;+3if{ dfGg] ePsfn] tL k|Zgx¿df ;dfgtf x'g;S5, t/ ;a} s'/fdf xfd|f] ;dfgtf 5 eGg] xf]Og . xfdLn] rLgdf dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf rn]sf] bL3{sfnLg ;z:q ;+3if{sf] gLltnfO{ ;xL eg]sf 5f}+ . t/ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] lrlgofF bl3{sfnLg ;z:q ;+3if{df /l;og k4lt tyf zxl/of ljb|f]xnfO{ hf]8]/ n}hfg] s'/f u/]sf 5g\, pgLx¿sf] cj;/jfbL rl/qsf sf/0f ljrf/df ptf/r9fj b]vfkl//xG5 .

k"j{ Pstf s]Gb|n] kfl/t u/]sf] sfo{lbzfdf ;dfgtfsf] s'/f 5 lg < h;nfO{ g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn_sf] sfo{lbzfsf] ¿kdf cg'df]bg u/]sf] xf]Og / <

pgLx¿l;t ldn]sf÷gldn]sf s'/fdf ghffcf}+ . d"n ¿kdf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;jfndf xfdLx¿n] klg dfcf]ljrf/ dfGg] ePsfn] sltko ;jfndf ;dfgtf 5 . sltko ;jfndf pgLx¿n] kl/jt{g u/]sf 5g\, cGt/ u/]sf 5g\ . clxn] To;df ghfcf}+ .

zfxL ;]gfsf] k|Zgdf s'g} ldngljGb" ge]l6Psfn] jftf{ e+u x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] xf]

8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{
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xf], ;ft dlxgf nfdf] o'4lj/fd / jftf{k|lqmof ut ebf} !) af6 e+u ePkl5 kf6L{, ;]gf / df]rf{sf] tkm{af6 ljleGg ;+3{ifsf sfo{qmd ;lxt cfufdL c;f]h !,@ / # ut] {g]kfnaGbÚ sf] cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{s|dsf] d'Vo cf}lrTo / dxTj eg]s} cj ljb]zLsf] bnfn alg;s]sf] ;fdGtL /fhtGq / p;sf] e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ;bfsf]lglDt a9f/]/ b]zdf cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] dfu{ k|z:t ug{ cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ ;+3if{sf] jf6f]df pTk|]l/t ug{' xf] . lsgls kl5Nnf] jftf{k|s/0fsf] cg'ejn] csf6\o ?kdf k'i6L ul/;s]sf] 5 ls gf/fo0flx6Lsf08 kZrft\ ;Qf;Lg ag]sf] gj—/fhtGq ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx?sf] lg/Lx s7k'tnL dfq xf] / To;df k/Dk/fut ;fdGtL /fi6«jfbsf] ;d]t s'g} c+z afFsL 5}g . To;}n] p ca zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] hgtfnfO{ ;Qf x:tfGt/0f u/]/ /fli6«otf / k|hftGqsf] hu dhj't agfpg' ;§f ljb]zLsf] j'l4, k};f / xltof/sf] andf d'lQmsfdL / b]zeQm hgtfsf] sTn]cfd u/]/ b]zdf eo+s/ ;}Go kmfl;jfb nfb\g pBt 5 . of] l:yltdf ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm / d'lQmsfdL hg;d'bfon] zflGtk"0f{ kl/jt{g / ;'wf/sf] s'g} klg e|ddf gk/L ljb]zL bnfn gSsnL /fhtGq / p;sf] e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ k"0f{ ?kn] Wj:t kf/]/ :jfwLg , ;d'Ggt / u0ftGqfTds g]kfnsf] :yfkgf ug{ PsLs[t / ;zQm ;+3if{sf] cfFwLj]x/L l;h{gf ug{' clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . cfh b]zdf hgtfsf] cfkm\g} ljzfn / zlQmzfnL hgd'lQm ;]gf alg;s]sf] / ljleGg pTkLl8t ju{, hflt,If]q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf hg;d'bfo ;+ul7t ljb|f]xdf plq;s]sf] l:yltdf tL ;a} ljb|f]xsf lemNsfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf s]lGb|t u/]/ /fhtGq / p;sf] zfxL ;]gf lj?4 clGtd wSsf lbg ;s]df Tof] o'ufGtsf/L cu|ufdL kl/jt{g ljNs'n ;Dej 5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 . Tof] lg0ff{os ;+3if{sf] tof/Ls} l;nl;nfdf of] tLglbg] /fhg}lts x8\tfn jf {jGbÚ sf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] eg]/ cfd hg;d'bfon] j'em\g' pko'Qm x'g]5 .

kf6L{sf] jftf{6f]]nLsf] ;+of]hssf] x}l;otn] jftf{ c;kmntfdf 6'+lug'sf] d'Vo sf/0f s] lyof] s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 ls <

kf6L{ cWoIf s= k|r08åf/f hf/L ul/Psf] jQmAodf elgP em}+ cGo s'/fx?sf cltl/Qm jftf{ e+u x'gfsf] d'Vo sf/0f /fhg}lts / kmf}hL ljifosf uDeL/ dtleGgtfx? g} x'g . xfdLn] j}zfv !$ ut] ;DkGg klxnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df k|:t't u/]sf] æjftf{df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tkm{af6 k|:t't k|:tfjsf] ;f/;+If]kÚÚ zLif{ssf] /fhg}lts Ph]08f / k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] tkm{jf6 t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{df ;fpg #@ ut] k|:t't æ/fHok|0ffnLdf cu|ufdL ;'wf/ ;DjGwL cjwf/0ffÚÚ —sf] t'ngfTds cWoog ug]{ hf]s;}n] b'O{ kIf aLrsf uDeL/ /fhg}lts tyf j}rfl/s dte]tx?nfO{ a'em\g ;Sb5 . xfd|f] k|:tfjsf] d"n ;f/tTj ;jf b'O{ ;o jif{ k'/fgf] cw{—;fdGtL tyf cw{—cf}klgj]l;s /fHo;Qf -h;sf] d]?b08 /fhtGq / zfxL ;]gf /x]sf] 5_—nfO{ cfd hg;xeflutfåf/f eTsfP/ gofF /fli6«o Pstf ;lxtsf] k"0f{ nf]]stGqsf] :yfkgf ug{' lyof] eg] k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] slyt {cjwf/0ffÚ sf] d"n p2]Zo s]xL 5'b| ;'wf/sf] kftnf] kbf{n] nk]6]/ lg/+s'z /fhtGq / p;sf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ {ckl/xfo{ Ú atfpFb} ltgnfO{ cem} dhj't / lbuf] agfpg] lyof] . o;/L d'Vo ?kdf /fhtGq / p;sf] e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfsf] k|Zgdf g} s'g} ldngljGb" ge]l6Psfn] jftf{ e+u x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] xf] . Tof] s'/fsf] k"j{ cg'dfg u/]/ g} xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t\ ;fj{ef}d hgtfnfO{ ;a} s'/fsf] km};nf ug{ lbpmF eGg] nlrnf] k|:tfj k|:t't u/]sf lyof}+, t/ ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx?sf] cf8e/f];fdf dQ / cGw ag]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] To;nfO{ 7f8} gsf/]/ jftf{nfO{ j:t'tM e+u u/]sf] xf] / b]znfO{ k'gM u[xo'4df ws]n]sf] xf] . o; cltl/Qm ;a} pTkLl8t hflt / If]qx?nfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt :jzf;gsf] Joj:yf, dlxnf / blntx?nfO{ ljz]ifclwsf/ ;lxt ;a} If]qdf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj, wd{lg/k]If /fHo, æhdLg hf]Tg]sf]Æ cfwf/df qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ cflb /fli6«o tyf cfly{s—;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf cfwf/e"t k|Zgx?df /x]sf dtleGgtfx?n] klg jftf{ e+u x'g'df ;xfos t/ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgefPsf x'g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 .

To;f] eP kf6L{n] o'4lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofdf ;xefuL eP/ uNtL u/]sf] lyof] eGg ldN5 t < o;af/] kf6L{sf] kl5Nnf] d"Nof+sg s] xf]nf <

c;kmn x'g' / unt x'g' eg]sf] ljNs'n leGg s'/f x'g\ . ;a} ;xL s'/f ;kmn x'Fb}gg\ / c;kmn hlt ;a}nfO{ unt eGg klg ldNb}g . To; lx;fan] cGtt M o'4lj/fd / jftf{k|lqmof e+u x'g k'u] klg xfd|f] kf6L{n] o'4lj/fd / jftf{k|lqmofdf ;xefuL eP/ ljNs'n ;xL sfd u/]sf] lyof] eGg] xfd|f] b[9 ljZjf; 5 / kf6L{sf] kl5Nnf] d"Nof+sg klg ToxL xf] . lsgls ;ft jif{sf] qmflGtsf/L hgo'4 /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] r/0fdf k'u]sf] cj:yf , b]zdf lqkIfLo -cyf{t\ /fhfjfbL, ;+;bjfbL / qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL_ /fhg}lts k|lt:kwf{sf] l:ylt, b]zsf] ljlzi7 e"—/fhg}lts cjl:ylt / hg;d'bfosf] 7"nf] tKsfsf] zflGtsf] rfxgf ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ kf6L{n] jftf{ dfkm{t\ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] lglDt k|oTg ug{' j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts, kmf}hL / Jojxfl/s ;a} lx;fjn] ljNs'n ;xL s'/f lyof] . x'g t ljZjsf] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df jftf{ dfkm{t\ ;d:of ;dfwfg ePsf pbfx/0f ljNs'n} 5}gg\ eg] klg x'G5 . t/ klg ;a} ;kmn cfGbf]ngx?n] ljleGg r/0fdf s'g} g s'g} ?kdf jftf{sf] gLlt cg';/0f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ / xfdLn] klg cfkm\g} 7f]; ljlzi7tfdf jftf{sf] k|oTg ug{' ;xL / cfjZos b'j} x'GYof] / eljiodf klg x'g ;Sg]5 .
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