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bagar_mylife@yahoo.com

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bagar_mylife@yahoo.com

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sfo{qmdsf jQmf 8f= ljho/fh zdf{n] ;Ddflgt k|ltefx?sf] kl/ro u/fpgsf ;fy} dxfslj b]jsf]6f dfgjtfjfbL slj ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ pxf+sf s]xL sljtfx? pbfx/0fsf ?kdf k|:t't ug'{eof] . sfo{qmdsf cGo jQmfx? cho k|wfg / /fh]Gb| zdf{n] klg b]jsf]6fsf] g]kfnL efiff ;flxTodf /x]sf] of]ubfgsf] rrf{ ug'{eof] .
cg];f; sf]nf]/f8f]sf ;lrj e08f/L4f/f k|]l;t lj1lKtsf cg';f/ pQm cj;/df cg];f;åf/f :yflkt laleGg ;flxlTos k'/:sf/x?dWo] o; jif{ g]kfnL uLtL sljtfsf nflu xl/eSt s6'jfn :d[lt cg];f; ;jf]{Ts[i6 k':ts k'/:sf/ tyf gf/L x:tfIf/sf nflu :juL{o l8NnL/fd ltdl;gf :d[lt cg];f; ;jf]{Ts[i6 k':ts k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug{'x'g] sf]nf]/f8f]jf;L qmdzM 1fg]Gb| ubfn / k|ldnf zdf{nfO{ RofK6/sf tkm{af6 ;Ddfg ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .
;Ddflgt x'g]x? 1fg]Gb| ubfn tyf k|ldnf zdf{n] klg sljtf jfrg ug'{sf ;fy} cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] dGtJo ;d]t /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
jfn sljtf k|ltof]lutfdf Plnzf 9sfn, zfsf/ zdf{, lbIff uf}td / ;'zfg lqkf7Ln] qmdzM k|yd, bf]>f, t]>f / ;fGTjgf k'/:sf/ kfP . k'/:s[tx?nfO{ gub k'/:sf/ tyf cg];f;åf/f k|sflzt Ps Ps k|lt cGtb[{li6 klqsf ;efklt clwsf/Ln] ljt/0f ug'{eof] .
slj tyf sljolqx? k|df]b l3ld/], ljho/fh zdf{ / rGb|z]v/ zdf{n] sljtf jfrg ug'{ eof] .

Hof]ltsf] PNad nf]sfk{0f

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
Go'of]s{ gf]e]Da/ !%, @))%

cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, Go[\of]s{ RofK6/ tyf ab|L kf}8]nsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ut zlgjf/, gf]e]Da/ !@, sf lbg Go[\of]s{df Ps sfo{qmdsfaLr uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nsf] klxnf] uLlt PNad dg t d]/f] :jb]zd} /fi6|;+3sf ;xfos dxf;lrj s'nrGb| uf}tdn] nf]sfk{0f ug'{ePsf] s'/f cg];f;f Go'of]s{4f/f k|lift Ps lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
k|d'v cltly uf}tdn] uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nsf ;a} uLtx? ;/n / s0f{lk|o 5g\, o:t} l;h{gfx? xfdLn] x]g{ / b]Vg kfOof];\ eGg'eof] .
cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhnfO{ :yfoL lgof]usf] tkm{af6 :yfoL k|ltlglw dw'/d0f cfrfo{n] s'g} g s'g} lsl;dn] ;xof]u u/]/ o; leq n's]sf k|ltefnfO{ sfd nfUg] agfpg ;s]df g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[ltnfO{ /fd|f] x'g] lyof] eGg'x'Fb} uLtsf/ kf}8]nsf uLtn] ;a}sf] dg 5'g] atfpg'eof] .
dbg k'/:sf/ ljh]tf jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ uf]kfn k/fh'nLn] uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nnfO{ z'esfdgf lbg' x''b} d / :jtGqtfsf] d[\lt{ zLif{ssf] sljtf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
k[\j{ :yfoL k|ltlglw tyf ;flxTosf/ d[\/f/L/fh zdf{n] uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nsf x/]s uLtx?sf af/]df l6Kk0fL ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To:t} slj tyf cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhsf ;+:yfks cWoIf xf]dgfy ;'j]bLn] klg uLtfsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nnfO{ z'esfdgf lbg' x''b} /fi6"slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf] bf]>f] k':tfsf] g]t[Tj Hof]lt kf}8]nn] ug'{ x'g] cfzf JoQm ug'{eof] .
cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, Go[\of]s{ RofK6/sf ;Nnfxsf/ hubLz pkfWofon] uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nsf] ;fgf] x''bf b]lvsf] uLt /rgf ubf{;Ddsf] kl/ro lbg'ePsf] lyof]] .
cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, Go[\of]s{ RofK6/sL dxf;lrj k'gd sfk\mn]n] uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nnfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fO ;Ddfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]n /fi6" slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf] sfG5L 5f]/L ePsLn] pxfFsf] "g]kfnLx? hxf' a;] klg g]kfnL eP/ g} /xg]5g\ / g]kfnL efiff / dft[e[\ldnfO{ dfof ul//xg]5g\" eGg] z'ecflz{jfb bz{sx?nfO{ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 sjloqL uLtf vqL, syfsf/ k'gd sfk\mn] tyf d[b'nf sf]O/fnfn] uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nsf] uLlt PNadsf af/]df l6Kk0fL ug'{ eof] .
To:t} uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nsL lbbL 8f= sL/0f /]UdLn] uLtsf/sf] afNosfnb]lv xfn;Ddsf] rrf{ ub}{ a'jfsf] ;flxlTos ofqfnfO{ Hof]lt alxgLn] k[\/f ug]{ l5g\ eGg] cfzf cfkm"n] /fv]sf] atfpg'eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df uLlt PNadsf] Pp6f uLtsf] b[iolrq k|b{zg ul/Psf] lyof] . uLtsf/sf] ;flxlTos laZn]z0f ug]{ csf{ jQmfx?df 8f= tf/f lg/f}nf, kl/tf /fhe08f/L / /]0f' pkfWofon] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
To:t} cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, Go[\h;L{ RofK6/sf cWoIf cgGt l/;fnn] klg uLtsf/nfO{ z'esfdgf lbg' x''b} Pp6f sljtf jfrg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df ;df jfUn]n] uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]n ;fg} b]lvsf] ;fyL ePsf]n] aNndfq uLtsf/sf] ?kdf b]Vg kfPsf]df v';L JoQm ug'{ eof] .
csL{ sjloqL /fwf kf}8]nn] uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nnfO{ sljtfaf6} z'esfdgf lbg' eO{ gf/Lsf] g]t[Tjsf] sljtf afrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8]nn] cfk\mgf uLtx? k|s[lt, dfof lk|tL;Fu a9L ;DalGwt x'g'df pxfFnfO{ c+u|hL ;flxTosf sljx? ls6\;, z]nLsf k|s[lt ;DaGwL sljtfx?n] k|efj kf/]sf 5g\ eGg'' eof] .
sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf uLtsf/ Hof]lt kf}8n / ab|L kf}8]nsf 5f]/Lx? ;+lhjgL / cf:yf kf}8]nn] nfnL u'/f'; nfnL u'/f'; k[\mn nfnL u'/f';, d g]kfnsf] lrgf/L x'' k[\mn nfnL u'/f';, ;+;f/ e/L k}mnfp'5' ;f}Gbo{ / ;'jf; eGg] uLtdf g[To u/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmdsf ;~rfng snfsf/ z}n]z >]i7n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] cfuGt'sx?sf] :jfut RofK6/sf ;Nnfxfsf/ ab|L kf}8]nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;Dk[\0f{ ;xefuLx?nfO{ cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, Go[\of]s{ RofK6/sL cWoIf uLtf vqLn] ;efkltTj ug'{ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;efsf] cGTodf wGojfb 1fkg ub}{ ;efsf] lj;{hg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

cd]l/sL hLGbuL

af;' 9sfn
Soflnkmf]lg{of, gf]e]Da/ !#, @))%

of] jif{sf] bz}+
y'k|} 6fpsfx? l5g]/ lat]
/ k'gM /fj0fsf em}+ knfPgg\ .
af]sf v;Lem}+ ef] dfG5]sf] lgoQL
cfkm}+;Fu k/flht eP/ km]/L
s'g ljho pT;u{ dgfpFb} 5 p cfkm}+nfO{ yfxf 5}g .

cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ e]6\g ufx|f] eO;s]sf] a]nf
s;n] s;sf] Joyf ;f6\g ;S5 / oxfF <
;dfgtfsf] n]kg nfu]sf] 5 ;asf duhdf
6fpsfdf C0f af]s]/ ;DkGgtfsf] /jfkmsf]
t'jfnf] 9fs]sf] 5 cfFvfdf .

hLGbuL

cfh d/] ef]ln aflrGg oxfF
ta t x/kn x/If0f 3f]l6g' 5 knfpgsf nflu
oxfF cfkm}+nfO{ ljnfpg' 5, pbfpgsf nflu .

pkm\ Û

oxfF 3/ agfpgsf nflu 3/ laufl/G5
>Ldfg\ 3/ k:tf >LdtL aflx/ lg:sG5]
clxn] 3/ lsGbf nfu]sf] C0f gftLsf kfnfdf ltl/G5 Û
;xh hLGbuL afFRgsf nflu
c;xh kl/j]df 5f}+ xfdL .

t}klg Û

ef]ln /dfpg] ;kgfdf cfh v'Oo ug'{5
of] bnbndf hlt km;] klg pqg] cfz 5
3/ kms{g] jfrf u/]/ p8]sf k/]jfx? ot} ljnfP
ca t ;a}nfO{ ot} af]nfP/ csf]{ bz}+ dfGg kfP x'GYof]
ToxL TofGb|f] cfz 5 .

dft[e"ld 5f8L cGt}

l;tf/fd nfld5fg]
g]kfn, gf]e]Da/ !#, @))%

/fli6otf 6'S|mfpFb}, lnnfd laqmL u/]s} 5
;'/Iffsf] axfgfdf , zfxL ;a} 5/]s} 5
b]z cfˆgf] bfOhf] ;lDem, cGt slt ufe]sf5f}+
/utsf] glb auf];\ , zlSt cfˆg} k/]s} 5
ei6frf/df k':tf}+ gfR5g\, gftf uf]tf slt oxfF
xTof/fsf] xftx?, hg 3fF6Ld} ;/]s} 5
cgf}7f] 5 ;To s]xf], gLlt s:tf] ;dfh leq
;Totfsf] vf]lh ubf{, hgtf oxfF d/]s} 5
slt l;pFbf] pemfl8of], cfdf lbbLsf h'/f k'm6]
;dfhsf] gfd lnb}, gf/L ;a} x/]s} 5
cf:yf klg d/] ca, ljZjf; ug]{ 7fpF 5}g
zflGt ;fFRr} x/fP5, dg oxFf 8/]s} 5
3f; vfg] hgtf cfh, e]8f h:t} nv]l6b}
dft[e"ld 5f]9L cGt}, s'Dnf] af]sL em/]s} 5 ..

ram_b6@yahoo.com

lzj lbpg\ sNof0fsf] r'Dag

Df]fxg l;6f}nf
gf]e]Da/ !#, @))%

;f/f ljZj a|Xdf08 r]t rngf ;'af]w emNsf lb+b}
lgTo} aU5 ;'wf cgGt ;lnnf ;|i6f / b|i6f x'Fb}
d]/f] ljZj d x]5'{ eG5 o'usf] of]4f gofF lrGtg
p7\bf] ch'{g laDadf lzj lbpg\ sNof0fsf] r'Dag

kf/L l:gUw, ;kmf e"d08n cxf Û ;f}hGon] u'l~ht
dfG5]sf dgsf+Iosf, ;dosf ;+:sf/n] l;l~rt
oL zAbfaln jfSo cy{ / snf a'gf}6df tlNng
;f/f ;[li6 km'nf]; x} lzj lbpg\ sNof0fsf] r'Dag

;f/f 4]if / /+u/fu 3l6of x6fO{ dGbflsgL
aUb} lrQ ;a} ;kmf ul/ lbpg\ ;'l;h{gf dflngL
g]kfnL hgdfg;} 5 lkm+lh+bf] e"uf]ndf lblGbg
cg];f;?kL eO{ lzj lbpg\ sNof0fsf] r'Dag ..

d'Qms

b'Mv

/fs]z sfsL{
Sofgf8f, gf]e]Da/ !#, @))%

b'Mv b]MvL, b'MvL x'g]x?
b'Mv af]sL d]/f] cfFvfdf cfOb]pm
;fGTjgfsf] k/]nL leq g'xfP/
ux e/L eO{ auLb]pm

uhn

sdnfsfGt cfrfo{
leogf ljZjlaBfno, leogf cli6"of, gf]e]Da/ !#, @))%

s] /x]5 hLjg egL a'‰gnfO{ w]/} hgfnfO{ ;f]w]/ x]/]+
e]6LG5 sL cy{ egLsg s}of} k':ts vf]h]/ x]/]+

k':ts} kLIf km/s km/s AofVof dfgL; cg';f/ km/s larf/
5f]Kof] sL st} donn] egL ;}of} k6s t wf]P/ x]/]+

;'v kfpbf nfUof] hLjg eg]sf] ax'd"No /x]5 eGg]
b'Mvsf] ;fu/df 8'a]sf] a]nf plqgnfO{ /f]P/ x]/]+

sltn] eg] k"mn} k"mn xf] hLjg sltn] eg] sfF8}sfF8f
kfOg ;'jf; To;}n] kSs} 3f]Rnf egL 5f]P/ x]/]+

slxn] 7fg] ;DkQL hLjg slxn] 7fg] 1fg xf] hLjg
ldn]g ;Gtf]if st} klg To;}n] d[To" /f]h]/ x]/]+

s] /x]5 hLjg egL a'‰gnfO{ w]/} hgfnfO{ ;f]w]/ x]/]+
e]6LG5 sL cy{ egLsg s}of} k':ts vf]h]/ x]/]+

odgsf] gofF PNjd\ æcld|sfdfÆ

dgf]h cfrfo{
aflN6df]/ gf]e]Da/ !), @))%

g]kfnaf6 cd]l/sf cfP/ cfkm\gf] k]zfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg' ;fdfGo s'/f xf]Og . v]nf8L, snfsf/ jf ufos ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] k]zfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg cd]l/sL e"lddf sl7g /xg] u/]sf] 5 .
oBkL sl7gtfsf afah'b s]xL g]kfnL JolQmTjx?n] cfkm\gf] k]zfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf g} geP klg æ;lqmÆ ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg ;s]sf 5g\ . tL yf]/} g]kfnLx?sf] gfddf ufos odg >]i7 klg Ps x'g\ .
odg >]i7 /fd|f ufos x'g\ . pgL /fd|f ;+uLtsf/ x'g\ / pgL /fd|f æP/]Gh/Æ klg kl/l:yltn] pgnfO{ /]sl8{i6 klg agfPsf] 5 . uLtsf/sf] ?kdf a]nfa]nf snd klg rnfpg] odg jf:tjdf ;f+uLlts If]qsf æk"0f{Æ snfsf/ x'g\ . t/ klg pgnfO{ w]/}n] cs}{ kl/roaf6 klg lrGg] ub{5g\ . odg >]i7 xfF:osnfsf/ dbg s[i0f >]i7sf ;'k'q x'g\ .
log} odg >]i7n] xfn} æcld|sfÆdf gfds ;L8L Pnad ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sfsf] Jo:t / j]km'lbnf] a;fO{sf] qmddf ;+uLtk|ltsf] df]xgsf sf/0f cd]l/sfd} ;[hgf u/]sf] æcld|sfdfÆ ;L8L Pnaddf odgn] hDdf !@ j6f uLtx? ;dfj]; u/]sf 5g\ . ;+uLt e/]sf] 5g\, P/]Gh u/]sf 5g\ / /]sl8ªsf] lhDd]jf/L klg lgefPsf 5g\ .
pQm PNaddf odgsf] ufosLsf] lx;fan] ldl>t Pnad xf] . o;df sdl;{on uLtx?, ;]G6]d]G6n nufot lxGbL uLt ;d]t ;dfj]; u/]sf 5g\ .
o;sf] sf/0f k|i6fpFb} odgn] of] k+lQmsf/;Fusf] s'/fdf eg], ef/t g]kfn ;b}j ldqsf] ?kdf /x]sfn] ldqtfsf] ;Gb]zsf] ?kdf lxGbL uLt d}n] k|:t't u/sf] x'F .
g]kfnL ;L8Ldf lxGbL uLt aHbf ;|f]tfx?df cfcfkm\g} k|ltlqmof x'g ;S5 t/ kl/0ffdsf] lx;fan] x]bf{ Tof] uLt klg s0f{lk|o /x]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] lglDt zLif{s uLt æcld|sfdfÆn] ;a}eGbf a9L cfslif{t ug{ ;S5 . uLt sdl;{on t 5Fb}5 zAbn] g]kfnL cd]l/sgx?nfO{ /fd|} cfkm\gf] syf uLtdf ;'lg/x]sf] efg kb{5 . o;sf] cnjf /d0f l3ld/]sf] zAb /x]sf] cw/df uLtn] ld7f; af]s]sf] 5 . of] Pnaddf g]kfn klxn] g} rlr{t ePsf] ehg /fd /fd x/]s[i0f s0f{lk|o /x]sf] 5 . dgf]h cfrfo{sf] zAb /x]sf] æ;fFrf] s'/f==ÆPs z}nLdf eP klg s0f{lk|o /x]sf] 5 . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ æcld|sfdfÆ dgf]/Ghg lbg] ;+u|lxt Pnad ag]sf] 5 .

8L;Ldf b]jsf]6f ;+lemP

lszf]/ 9'+ufgf
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L gf]e]Da/ !), @))%

cGt/f{li6|o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh jfl;+ªg 8L;Ln] @))$ tyf @))% sf nflu ;j]{{fTs[i6 k'/:sf/ ljt/0f Pad\ dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] (& gAj] cf}+ hoGtL ljleGg ;f+:s[lts / ;flxlTos sfo{qmdsf ;fy elh{lgofl:yt hh{ d];g ljZjljBfnosf] hf]G;g s]Gb|sf] xndf ;DkGg u/\of] .
k'/:s[t x'g'ePsf slj uf]kfn k/fh'nLn] >i6f b|i6fx? dfgjLo lrGtgsf :jtGq ;+jfxs x'g\ eGg'eof] . /fhb"t s]bf/eQm >]i7 tyf g]kfnsf k"j{ ;+o"Qm /fi6|;+3sf :yfoL k|ltlglw d'/f/L/fh zdf{n] cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cg];f; Pj+ cGo ;d'bfo dfkm{t PsLs[t / ;+j[4zfnL agfpg ;xof]u u/] afkt !% hgf k|ltli7t JolQmTjsf ;fy} k|f=df]xg l;6}fnf tyf ;dfnf]rs lzjk|;fb ;TofnnfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ufos v]d ;+u|f}nf / dGh' ;+u|f}nfn] dxfsljåf/f /lrt d'gfdbgsf] uLt ufpg'ePsf] lyof] eg] uflosf, ljho ;fxn] zf:qLo tyf hoGtLdfnf vgfnn] cfw'lgs uLt ufP/ bz{sx?nfO{ dgf]/Ghg u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
;fy} o;} ;+:yfåf/f cd]l/sfdf ;+rflnt g]kfnL ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?n] :s"nsL cWoIf lgef k|wfgsf] ;xof]udf g[To / ufog k|:t't u/]sf lyP . df]tL ;d:ofk"lt{ l;6f}nf sljtf k|ltof]uLtfdf k|ltof]uL / ck|ltof]uL sljtf jfrg sfo{qmddf k'?;f]Qd ;'j]bL, sdnf k|;fO{+, /fhf/fd kf}8]n, lg/~hg e6\6/fO{ nufotsf slj sjlolqx?n] sljtf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof], h;df /fwf kf}8]n k|yd, l6sf k'g ,bf];|f , uf]kfn /]UdL t];|f / l8la tfdfË rf}yf x'g' ePsf] lyof] .
;f] k'/isf/ dgdfof l;6f}nf4f/f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . pxF+n] ;uLgLsf s]xL uLtx? klg ufpg' ePsf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf ut h'nfO dlxgfdf efg'eQm hGd hoGtLdf ;DkGg ePsf efg' :d[lt elan k|ltof]lutfsf ljhoL l6dx? qmdzM aflN6df]/ P / sfnL u08sLnfO{ sk ;lxt klxnf / bf];|f gub k'/isf/, ;]fxL efg' sfo{qmdsf] sljtf k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd, bf];|f / t];|f x'g] dlNnsf zfSo, gf/fog clwsf/L tyf l6sf k'g clg To:t} u/L afn sljtf k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd, bf];|f / t];|f x'g] >'lt d'Stfg, blIf0f tfdf+u, tyf k'sf/ ;'j]bL nfO klg gub k'/isf/ lbOPsf] lyof] .
;+:yfsf k"j{ cWoIf eLd /]UdLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] ;f] sfo{qmd ;+:yfsf jt{dfg cWoIf k|f df]xg l;6f}nf4f/f ;a} cltlyx? / hh{Dof;g o'lgel;{l6sf] g]kfnL ljBfyL{ olgog nufot ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg'ePsf]] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ;f]xL ;+:yfsf cWoIf k|f Dff]xg l;6f}nfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cg];f;sL sf]iffWoIf sNkgf :fTofn4f/f :jfut dGtJo ul/Psf] ;f] sfo{qmddf k'/:sf/ ljh]tf uf]kfn k/fh'nL Pj+ ljleGg ljwfdf k'/:s[t x'g'x'g] sdnf ;?k, k|ldnf zdf{, jGof emf, 1fg]Gb| ubfn, e/t ef/4fh, nId0f uf}td / zfZjt k/fh'nLnfO{ cd]l/sfsf nflu g]kfnL /fhb"t s]bf/eSt >]i7n] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;'dg ltlD;gf / uf]kfn /]UdL4f/f ;+rflnt pQm k'/isf/ sfo{qmddf ljhoL s[ltx?dfly 8f xl//fh e6/fO{, ;Ltf kf08,] uf]ljGb lu/L k|]/0ffn] ;dfnf]rgf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;dfnf]rs Pr aL e08f/L k|eftn] g]kfnL cfk|jf;L n]vg ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

d]/L slxNo} gdg]{ cfdf

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v} slxNo} o;sf] vf]hL sfo{df klg h'l6g ;fob h'6]sf] eP klg kQf nufpg ;Sg] lyOg xf]nf . cfh sl/j rfln; a;Gt kf/ ug]{ a]nf eP/ dfq xf]Og ;fg} pd]/b]lv dfofn] ;tfO /xGYof]] . slxn] sfFxL t ;kgfdf klg lrTsf/ ;'lgbf] /x]5 . ;Fu}sf] ;fyLx?n] lsg cfdf egL s/fPsf] lgb|fdf klg egL u'gf;f] cfpg] uYof]{ . To;}n] klg d cfkm"nfO{ PSn} a:bf cnLs ;lhnf] dx;'; x'g] ePsf]n] slt lbg t PSn} /ft latfPF . Tof] ;dodf klg slt cfdf elg s/fPF xf]nf cfkm'nfO{ yfxf ePg . lbjfnsf] klg sfg x'G5 eG5g\ , sxfF;Dd ;fFrf] xf] dnfO cg'ej 5}g . olb d]/f] lrTsf/ lbjfnn] /]s8{ u/]sf] eP klg d}n] p ;Fu ;f]Wg] df}sf g} kfPsf] 5}g . ;fob lbjfn lbjfn g} xf] d]/f] efjgf;Fu glhssf] ;fOgf] eP/ dnfO p;sf] w}/} ofb cfpbf d]/f] efjgfdf o:tf] pTklt x'g' c:jfefljs xf]Og, lsgsL d;Fu c? pkfo g} 5}g . lsgsL d]/f] ;kgfsf] lrTsf/ ;'Gg] p dfq Ps ;fyL 5 . t/ p af]Nb}g . p;af6 cfh;Dd d}n} s'g} hjfkm kfPsf] klg 5}g .
ljifo dnfO{ hGd lbg] cfdfsf] xf]Og d]/f] dft[e"ld g]kfn cfdfsf] xf] . dflg; hGdG5 d5{ . of] s'g} cfZro{sf] s'/f xf]Og . d]/f] hGd lbg] cfdf klg ef]nL dg}{ k5{ d klg dg}{ k5{ cflg ;a} k|f0fL / jg:ktL klg d[To' af6f] x'Fb} u'lh|g} k5{ . Pssf] d[To'n] csf]{ nfO cjZog} zf]sfs'n agfpF5 . t/ klg dflg;df ;xg ug]{ zlQm 5 . x/]s lk8fbfoL knx?nfO{ kf/ ug}{ k5{ . gofF gofF kL8fx?nfO{ klg lrb{} cufl8 a9\g' k5{ . t/ d]/L slxNo} gdg]{ cfdfnfO{ klg d]/} cfdfsf kfkL ;Gtfgx?n], c+z a08fdf gldn]sf n'Rrf nf]eLx?n] slx df/L lbG5g\ ls eGg] qf; 5 . To;}n] t ;kgfdf klg cfdf lrTsf/ ;'lgG5 . cfdf ljj; x'g' x'G5 cfkm\gf xf]gxf/ ;k'tx?dfly ul/Psf] cTofrf/ b]v]/ ?g' x'G5 lrRofpg' x'G5 . t/ b'i6sf] lgb{oLtf b]v]/ ljnfk ug'{ x'G5 . cfdfsf] b'wn] gk'u]/ kfkLx?n] /ut lkpg z'? u/]sf] b]v]/ cfdf jf/Djf/ d'l5{t x'g'x'G5 . Toltdfq sxfF xf] / cjt b'i6x?n] cfkm\g} cfdfsf] df;' a]Rg] ;Ddsf] xs{t ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . d]/L Kof/L cfdf 3fon x'g'x'G5 . cfkm\gf] lj/fdL lgsf] kfg]{ ;Gtfgsf] vf]hLdf x'g'x'G5 . t/ pxfF cem} afRg rfxg' x'G5 . lsgsL pxfF t d]/L slxNo} gdg]{ cfdf x'g' x'G5 . d]/} cfdfsf] sf]vaf6 lg:s]sf] sf]zL , u08sL, dxfsfnLsf] b'w cfh b'i6x?n] ef/tsf a:tL a:tLx?df a]lr/x]sf 5g\ . d]/f] b'wsf] ahf/ nufO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ cfkm\g} ;Gtfgsf] ef]s ltvf{ d]6\g cfk\mg} cfdf b'w lkpg cfh ef/tsf] cg'dtL lng' kg]{ cj:yfsf] >[hgf u/fPsf 5g\ . t/ d]/L cfdf ljzfn x[bosL x'g'x'G5 . cfkm\gf ;Gtfgx?sf] /Iff ug{ ;Sg] axfb'/ ;Gtfg hGdfpg d]/L cfdf nflu kg'{ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ kfNg ;Sg] ckf/ >f]t 5 d]/L cfdf;Fu . d]/L cfdfn] cfkm\gf ;Gtfgx?nfO{ l;:g] / hnhnfsf] cfkm\gf] zlQmzfnL b'w lknfP/ jL/ ;Gtfgx? wdfwd hGdfpb} x'g'x'G5 . d]/L cfdf;Fu ckf/ w}o{tf klg 5 . u08sL, sf]zL If]qdf ;d]t d]/L cfdfn] cfkm\gf] b'w lknfP/ anjfg tyf ljj]sL ;Gtfgx?sf] hGdfpg ;'? ul/ ;Sg' ePsf] 5 . d]/L cfdfsf] b'wsf] d'No tf]Sg] tfut cfh b'lgofdf s;};Fu klg 5}g . To;}n] ;+;f/ e/sf] wg bf}ntn] klg d]/L cfdfsf] b'w vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . d]/L cfdfsf] OR5f k'/f ug{ d]/L cfdfsf ;Rrf ;Gtfgx?n] s;d vfO;s]sf 5g\ .

cfkm\gf] sfv 5f]8]/ d'Unfg k:g afWo agfOPsf :jfledfgL ;k'tx?nfO{ klg d]/L cfdfsf] olx ;Gb]]z 5, æd]/f Kof/f clt g} Kof/f k/b]lzPsf ;Gtfgx? xf] ltdLx? ;a} cf-cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf Psh'6 eP/ a; d]/f] b'wsf] ef/f Psk6s km]/L ltg{sf nflu sDd/ s;]/ p7 . ltdLx?sf] / d]/f] e]6 ca l56\6} x'Fb}5 . d]/f] 5ftLdfly ca b'i6x?sf] /hfOF nfdf] /xg] 5}g\ . d]/f Kof/f ;Gtfgx? dfly ul/Psf] cTofrf/sf] Ps Ps lx;fa lstfa c;'n ul/g] 5 . cTofrf/Lx?sf] gfdf] lg;fg d]6fOg] 5 . d]/f] b'wsf] tfutn] ltdLx?sf] dft[e"ld b'lgofs} Ps ;'Gb/ km'njf/L agfOg] 5 .Æ

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d'gfdbg k't{ufnL efiffdf cg'jfb x'g]

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
kfr'{un, gf]e]Da/ %, @))%

dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] ax'rlr{t uLlt sfJo d'gfdbg k't{ufnL efiffdf cg'jfb x'g] ePsf] 5 . cg'jfb ug]{ sfdsf] cu'jfO ug{ slj tyf kqsf/ nId0f b]jsf]6fsf] cWoIftfdf ?b|axfb'/ lnDa" / 1fg]Gb| nfdf ;b:o /x]sf] ;ldlt ag]sf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhsf] cj;/df kf]r'{undf cfof]lht nIdL holGt tyf z'esfdgf ;f6f;f6 sfo{qmddf ;f] lg0f{o ul/Psf] xf] .
pQ/L ko{6sLo gu/ kf]tf]{sf] :jtGqtf rf]sdf cfof]lht nIdL holGt ;df/f]x tyf slkm sljtf sfo{qmd ;dfhsf kf]r'{un zfvfsf dxf;lrj nId0f b]jsf]6fsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/df 1fg]Gb| nfdfn] b]jsf]6fsf] ax'cfoflds JolStTjsf] rrf{ ub}{ ofqL sljtf jfrg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . RofK6/ cWoIf slj s]lhg /fO{sf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]z jfrg u/]/ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] .
?b| axfb'/ lnDa"n] k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 b]jsf]6fsf s[ltx?nfO{ o'/f]ksf kf7sx?;Dd k'/\ofpg d'gfdbgsf] cg'jfbn] ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] ck]Iff ub]{ g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ljsf;df k|jf;Lx?sf] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] ;xof]u dfq x}g cu'jfO g} ug{ tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
dxf;lrj b]jsf]6fn] dxfsljsf] /f0ffzf;g h:t} zfxL zf;gdf g]kfn hflsPsf]n] sljtfsf dfWodaf6 nf]stGq :yfkgf ug{ kxn ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ;kgfx?sf] j:tLdf / d'gfdbgsf s]xL x[bo:kzL{ x/kmx? Jffrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
kf]r'{un, cªuf]nf, lugL la;fp, sfaf] e]b{, a|flhnsf] d"n efiffsf] ?kdf /x]sf] Nofl6g k't{ufnL efiff Sofg8f, k|mfG;, :jLh/Nof08df klg cfk|jf;Lx?af6 af]lnG5 .

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g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts bnx? / gful/s ;dfhn] nf]stGqnfO{ d'Vo Ph]08f agfP/ rsf]{ gf/f nufO{ cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf] a]nf xËsËaf6 klg g]kfnLefifL sljx?n] xfn b]zdf rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ jn k'uf];\ eGg] x]t'n] nf]stGqsf] kIfdf sljtf jfrg u/L :j/df :j/ yKg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ .
;dfrf/sf ljleGg dfWodx?af6 kof{Kt ;"rgf kfP/ xËsË]nL g]kfnLx?nfO{ klg nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] dft nflu;s]sf] s'/f cf}krfl/s?kn] sljtf uf]i7L ;DkGg x'g' g} To;sf] k"j{ ;+s]t xf] . df3 !( df /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] k|hftGqnfO{ …s'Ú u/] kl5 xËsËsf ;+3-;+:yf / kqsf/x?n] k|ltudgsf] lj?4 / k'gM k|hftGq jxfnLsf] nflu ljleGg gf/f h'n'; k|bz{g u/L xËsËl:yt jfl0fHob"tfjf;df 1fkgkq ;d]t a'emfO;s]sf 5g\ . b]z aflx/ a;]sf g]kfnLx?n] b]zdf eO/x]sf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf rf;f] /fVg' Tof] b]zsf] gful/s x'g'sf] jf]w / bfloTj klg xf] . xfn g]kfndf k|hftGqjfbLx?n] xfls/x]sf] cfGbf]ng :j?k klxn]sf] eGbf a]lUnP/ uPsf] 5 . lsgeg] h'g a]nf /fhf ;lxtsf] k|hftGqdf ljZjf; uy]{ eg] clxn] cfP/ /fhf /lxt nf]stGqsf] sNkgfdf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . o;f] x'g' /fhf4f/f lgb]{lzt n7}t ef/bf/x?sf] bdgn] pu|?k lnb} hfg' g} k|d'v sf/0f xf] . bnx? nf]stGqsf] af6f]df ws]lnP klg ljutdf bnsf g]tfx?n] ;Qfdf /xbf kbnf]n'k / ;Qfdf]xdf km;]/ cfd hgtfsf] lxt ljk/Lt sbd rfNg'n] cfGbf]ngdf hg;dy{g h'6fpg xDd] kl//x]sf] 5 . k|hftGqsf] gfddf To;a]nf lgd'vf hgtfx?sf] 9f8 ul/aLn] ;]s]/ clwsf/af6 jl~rt u/fPsf lyP g]tfx?n] .
o;/L b]zsf /Ifsx? g} eIfs eOlbP kl5 lg/Lx hgtfsf] :t/ p7\g] s'/} ePg / To;j]nf vf;} p7]g klg . xftdf 8f8'-kGo' ePsf] a]nf ;Qfsf] :jfb dfq lnO/x] eljiodf ljifd kl/l:ylt cfpnf eGg] s'/f g;f]Rg'n] hGdfO{ lbof] cfhsf] of] ef8e}nf] . g]tfx?sf] sn+lst rl/qn] hgtf;+usf] ljZjf;-b'/L t a9\of] a9\of] Tof] eGbf ljs/fn kl/l:ylt l;hL{of] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of . !@ jif{;Dd k|hftflGqs cEof; eGb} v]nfrL ul//xbf cGttM u'Dg k'Uof] k|hftGq . o:nfO{ dWogh/ ug]{ xf] eg] xfd|f g]tfx? k|hftGqsf] nflu cfnfsfr} /x]5g\ eGg] s'/f k|i6} yfxf x'G5 . cfGbf]ngnfO{ d"n k|jfxdf Nofpgsf] nflu bnsf g]tfx?n] hgtf;Fusf] ljZjf;sf] b'/L 36fP/ cfTdf cfnf]rgf ug'{k5{ . ta dfq cfGbf]ngn] cf?gf] :j?k lng ;S5 . gq k|hftflGqs cEof; h:t} cfGbf]ng klg cEof; d} ;Lldt /xg s] a]/ < aNn dfq yfxf kfpb}5g\ j'l4df lasf]{ nfu]sf g]tfx?nfO{ hgtf eg]sf b]zsf] ;jf]{Rr zlQm x'g\ eg]/ . hgtf lagf b]z, g]tf of /fhf s'g}sf] klg sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg t/ cfh ltg} slyt JolQmx?sf] rË'ndf km;]sf5g\ lgbf]{if hgtfx? . ! ;o $ jif{;Dd hxflgof /f0ffx?n] rnfPsf] sfnf] zf;gsf] cGTo ;ft ;fndf ePkl5 g]kfndf klxnf] k6s k|hftGqsf] pbo ePsf] xf] . t/ /fhf dx]Gb|n] To;a]nf k|hftGq jf bnLo gLlt /fh;+:yfsf] nflu clxt ePsf] dxz'z u/L !& ;fndf k|ltjGw nufP . To:nfO{ g} lg/Gt/tf lbb} /fhf jL/]Gb|n] zf;g;Qf cf?gf] xftdf k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] gfddf em08} tL; jif{ lnP . t/ k~rfotL Joj:yfsf gfOs]x?sf] r/d bdg / aa{/tf vKg g;s]/ hgtfn] cfGbf]ng u/L /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] xftaf6 vf];] @)$^ ;fndf k|hftGq . To;kl5 k|hftGqs} cjlwdf /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] j+zgfz eof] . pQ/flwsf/Lsf] cefjdf clw/fhs'df/ 1fg]Gb| /fhf ag] . To;kl5 g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs kl/b[Zodf /fhfsf] e"ldsf alnof] aGb} uof] .
dfcf]jfbL ;d:of emgemg ljs/fn x'Fb} lyof] eg] k|hftGqjfbL g]tfx? otf df]hd:tL / lvrftfgL d} Jo:t /x] . cGttM /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] xTofP k|hftGqnfO{ df3 !( df . dfly j0f{g ul/Psf] Oltxf; @))& ;fnb]lv xfn;Dd g]kfnL hgtfn] b]Vb}, ef]Ub} / ;'Gb} cfPsf] ;do xf] . / of] Oltxf; xfd|f] dfg;k6naf6 slxNo} d]l6P/ hfg ;Sb}g klg . cfhsf] k|hftflGqs o'udf /fhfn] ;Dk"0f{ hgflwsf/ cf?gf] d'7Ldf s;]/ lx6\n/Lo k|j[lt b]vfpg' cfbLd z}nL dfq xf] . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf Tof] k'/fgf] df]8nsf] rKkn s;}n] nfpg rfxfb}gg\ / lsGg klg . lxhf] kh]/f] r9]/ P]z cf/fddf lx8]sf g]tfx?sf] tfn'df /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] 808f alh|g yfn]kl5 dfq aNn cf"vf v'n] h:tf] 5 g]tfx?sf] . cf"vf v'n]/ dfq s] ug]{ < lxhf] hgtfx?nfO{ lbPsf] ljZjf;3ftn] cfh g]tfx?nfO{ pN6} k'/\ofO/x]5 cf3ft . o:sf] dtna g]tfx?k|lt cem} klg lgw{Ss eP/ ;dy{g ug{ ;;+lst 5g\ hgtfx? . bfn-eft vfP;/L ;:tf]df lg0f{fos cfGbf]ng eGb} kmnfSb} lx8\g' / tfs k/] ltjf/Lsf] lgot k|bz{g ug'{n] hg ljZjf; 36]/ uPsf] xf] cfGbf]ng k|lt . olb g]kfndf nf]stGq g} :yfkgf ug]{ xf] eg] bnx? / dfcf]jfbL aLr ;xsfo{ ug'{ lgtfGt} cfjZos 5 . xfnsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ ubf{ of] sfo{ ;do;fk]If klg 7x/LG5 . t/ bnsf g]tfx?n] k'/fg} k|j[lt bf]xf]/fP eg] /fhfnfO{ zf;g ug{ emg} ;lhnf] eP/ hfg]5 . nf]stGqsf] gf/f nufpb}df /fhfn] /fhu4L kSs} ;'Dkb}gg\ g} e/;s nf]stGqjfbLx?nfO{ bdg u/]/ lgefpg} rfxfG5g\ . gf/f h'n'; nufPs} e/df nf]stGq cjZo :yfkgf x'Fb}g Tof] Pp6f hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]lnt ug]{ / r]tgf hufpg] dfWod dfq xf] . cGttM /fhf x6fpgsf]] nflu xltof/ p7fP/ an k|of]u ug}{ k5{ bnx?n] . gfªnf] 7f]s]/ ca xfQL tl;{g]jfnf 5}g . of] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngn] ca klg clGtd ljGb' r'Dg ;s]g eg] ;f"9]sf] kl5 nfUg] :ofnsf] syf dfq aGg]5 em/]/ vfpnf eGg] cfz . l9n} eP klg bnx?n] u/]sf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng ;sf/fTds 5 . x]/f}+, s'g prfO r'Dg] xf] clxn] g} s]xL eGg ;lsGg kl/0ffd b]Vgsf] nflu s'g}{ k5{ Tof] ;do . b'O{ ;o jif{ eGbf nfdf] zfx j+zLo zf;g tkfO{+ xfdLn] b]vL ;Sof}+ ca b]Vg / ef]Ug dfq afFsL /x\of] nf]stGq . of] klg c;+ej eg] 5}g hgtfn] rfx]sf] v08df . h] xf];\ olx ;dosf] dfunfO{ xËsË]nL sljx?sf] cfjfhn] lgZro g} ;3fp k'/\ofPsf] 5 / pQm uf]i7Lsf] k|d'v p2]Zo klg ToxL ;3fp k'/\ofpg' g} xf] . n]vs ;+3 xËsËn] nf]stGqsf] gfddf sljtf jfrg u/fP/ P]ltxfl;s sfo{sf] z'?jft u/L;s]sf] 5 ljb]zdf klg .

a]x'nL / nf;

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nfjf n:s/ t b'j}sf k5f8L lyP rfx] dnfdL x'g of hGtL
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z+vsf] cfjfh t b'j} 3/df u'l~hPsf]] lyof] s] km/s k5{ pN6f] xf]; of ;'N6f]
kl08t b'j} lt/ dGq u'gu'gfpb} lyP b'j} lt/ le8ef8 lyof]
et]/ t b'j} lt/ nfu]s} lyof] km/s lyof] t s]jn clngf] vfgf / df;'sf]

cfk}m lx8]/ t ltdL klg uOgf} ltdLnfO{ gL nu] c?n] af]s]/
d'v t ltd|f] klg b]lvPsf] lyPg ltdLn] klg labf lnof} d'v 5f]k]/
km/s olQ xf] sL ltdL kms]{/ cfpg ;S5\of} d ;lStg cfpg
s] km/s k5{ To;n] sf] cfp5 kms]{/ olb ;lsG5 eg] pt} /dfpg

ltdL t /f]of} d d/]sf] a]nfdf en} Tof] 8f]nLdf clGdP/ hfg] a]nf lyof] xf]nf
ltdLn] t r9fof} k"mn en} Tof] d]/f] nf;nfO{ geP/ kYy/sf] d"lt{nfO{ lyof] xf]nf
t/ d g ?g ;s]+ g k"mn g} r9fpg ;s]+ s'g} klg axfgfdf
ltdL uof} Pp6f hfn tf]8]/ csf]{ hfndf h]nLg t/ d x/]s hfn tf]8]/ k/d cfgGbdf k'u]+ ..

d"NoxLg ;]jf

l8u axfb'/ tfdf+u
d]l/Nof08, cd]l/sf, gf]e]Da/ %, @))%

sxf' x'G5 ;xL d"No of] wtL{df ;Rrf ;]jf ug]{sf] <
s:n] u5{ jf:tf k'5]/ kmoflnPsf] sfuhsf] <
;Rrf ;]jfsf] d"No t c? s;}n] kfO;s]sf] x'G5
clg 3/df a;]sL xfsLdx?sf >LdtLx?n]
k'/:sf/ :j?k tSdf kfPsL va/ cva/df 5fk]sf] x'G5 .
olx g} xf] xfd|f] b]zsf] rng .
k'l5P/ ˆoflnPsf] sfuh kfgL;Fu} ljlng x'G5 .
;Rrf ;]jf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ nf6f] n7]{kf;Fu bfh]sf] x'G5 .
To;kl5 ;Rrf ;]jf ug]{sf] ;]jf klg
k'l5P/ ˆoflnPsf] sfuh em} To;} xfjfdf ljlng x'G5 .
To;kl5 ;Rrf ;]jf ug]{ dflg; xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf
;w}+ ;+w} ljlng ePsf] h:tf] cef; x'G5 .
sxfF x'G5 ;xL d"No of] wtLdf ;Rrf ;]jf ug]{ sf] <

lqsf]0f

uLtf vqL
Go[\of]s{, gf]e]Da/ %, @))%

x/]s lbg 4G4 eO/x]5 oxfF
lqsf]0fsf] cfsf/ alg/x]5
s;nfO{ /fvf}+, s;nfO{ k\mofFsf}+,
dgdf Ps k|sf/sf] 4G4 eO/x]5 .

vfg]s'/f eP vfP/ krfOGYof],
nfpg] s'/f eP nfP/ km6fOGYof]
t/ oxfF /utsf] abnf /uts} dfu
kfiff0f x[bo lnO{ Hofgsf] ;f6f] Hofgs} gfz .

ddf{xt hgtf kl//x]5g\ kf;f]df
plDsg} vf]Hbf klg t sxfF ;S5g\ /
ljj; hgtfx? g} t cfuf]df ;lNs/x]5g\
alnsf] af]sf e}m eO/x]5g x/]s If0f .

st}af6 lztn xfjfsf] k|jfx cfpnf egL
ToxL sNkgf ub}{ ub}{ /ld/x]5g\ s7}a/L
ld7f] ;kgfdf cndlnP/ lxl8/x]5g\ ce}m
slxn];Dddf x'g] xf] zflGtsf] k'g{jf; d]/f] b]zsf] cfFuge/L .

;Gbe{ M ltxf/

ltxf/ Ps k|s[lt, Ps lgolt

ef/tL uf}td
cS6f]a/ #), @))%

;]n, ;okqL, uf]bfj/L, b]p;L e}nLsf] uLt clg O{Gb|]0fL lgwf/ rlDsnf aQLx? ltxf/sf] kl/efiff xf] eg]/ eGg xfdLnfO{ Ps kn klg ;f]Rg] cfjZostf kb{{}g . ;fpg ebf}sf] em/L, lxnf], rs]{ 3fd ;s]/ hf8fsf] cfudg cl3 k[YjLn] klg clnslt km';{b lgsfn]/ clncln lr;f] kfl/nf] 3fd tfKg] u/]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f] d'n'sdf oxL df}sf kf/]/ s]xL ;ftfcl3dfq bz}+ clg clxn] ltxf/ dgfpg] ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . h:tf] kl/l:yltdf eP klg h:tf] ;'s} ;Gbe{df eP klg oL rf8af8x?nfO{ t cfOlbP eOxfNof] sfn cfP h:t} jf dxfdf/L cfP h:t} . pgLx?sf] nflu sf]xL tof/ xf];\ jf gxf];\ . sfu ltxf/af6 z'? x'g] ltxf/ kj{ kfrf}+ lbgsf] efO k"hf jf efO 6Lsfdf ;dfKt x'FG5 . kfFr lbg;Dd rNg] x'Fbf k~rs klg elgg] ul/Psf] 5 .
d ;fg} 5Fbf ltxf/ eg]sf] km"k' cfpg', dfjnaf6 dfdf cfpg', ahf/af6 l3p t]n, clkmGbfgf, lrgL, gl/jn, ;'kf/L, cf]v/, lald/f] lsGg' cfbL x'Gy] . tn 8f8fFdf xfn]sf] /f]6] lkª / ln+u] lk+u v]Ng hfFbf s:sf] 3/df w]/} k|sf/sf /f]6L clg ld7fO{ kfSg] egL xf]8 rNYof] . clns 6f8f x'g' ePsf] x'Fbf jif]{gL /f]6L, cg/;f, s'/fpgL, gl/jn ld;|L cf]v/ cfbLsf] 7"nf] kf]sf] lnP/ km"k' -xfdL lbbL eGg] uYof}{+_ g cfP;Dd ltxf/ cfP h:tf] nfUb}gYof] . sfu ltxf/df Pp6f b'gfdf eft l3p clg Pp6f ;okqLsf] km"n / cIftf xfnL k/ af/Lsf] l8ndf /fv]/ æsfu sfuÆ eGg]df xfdL t5f8d5f8 uYof}{+ . To;}u/L gs]{ rt'b{zL elgg] s's'/ ltxf/df 3/df ePsf] s's'/nfO{ Soft's] km"nsf] dfnf pg]/ k"hf ug{ xfdL ;a} hgf jl/kl/ klv{/x]sf x'FGYof}+ . d'Vo ltxf/ rfxL+ ufO{ ltxf/af6 z'? ePsf] h:tf] nfUYof] lsgsL To;lbg dfq 3/df ;]n kfSYof] . 3/df t]nsf] /fu, gf+Unfdf dfnf pGg l7s kf/]sf] km"n clg aflx/ k]6Ldf 3+lGsPsf] e}n]gLx?sf] cfjfhn] NofPsf] v'zL / pd+un] o;} klg kfnf / d}gjQLsf] pHofnf] 3/ c? rlDs+Yof] . k6sfsf] cfafhn] cfsfz pHoflng] / yls{g] uYof]{ . lem/lem/] aQLsf] lem/lem/n] hldg klg cfsfz h:t} rlDsPsf] x'GYof] . uf]jw{g k"hf, b]p;L, tf; sf}8f, /f}6L cg/;f c;f{, ;'jf/L, bfh' efO, OGb|]0fL 6Lsf, uf]bfj/L / dvdnLsf] dfnf, /f]6Lsf] efu clg blIf0ff ltxf/sf kl/ro x'g] uy]{ . 6Lsf ;lsg] lalQs} s:sf] w]/} blIf0f egL ;fyLx?aLr xf]8 klg x'GYof] . cl3Nnf] jif{ b]lvPsf k|foh;f] ;a} g} hDdf x'Gy] 3/ 3/df p:t} v'zL p:t} pd+u .
k/b]zLP/ k/fO{ d'n'snfO{ cfkm\gf] dflgPsf] b'O{ bzs lalt;Qmf klg clg leQfdf 6fluPsf] g]kfnL Sofn]08/ x]/L ;lem\Psf] a]nf / 5'§Lsf] a]nf k/\of] eg] dfq ltxf/ dgfpg] c? y'k}| g]kfnL h:t} cfkm" klg Ps x'g k'luPsf] 5 . lx+u geP klg lx+u afFw]sf] 6fnf] eg] h:t}, clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf km]/L Psk6s ltxf/ cfof], eGg hLljt ePsf]df dfq klg 9'Ss x'g'kg]{ 5 lsgsL kf]xf]/ olt g} a]nf /x]sf dWo ;of}+ xhf/n] k|fs[lts / dfgjLo qm'/tfsf] zLsf/ eO{ hLjg u'dfpg'k/]sf] 5 .
;Dxf/s ;'gfdL, qm'/ Sofl6|gf, eofgs e"sDk, k|nosf/L k}/f] clg To:t} cglulGt lgd{d k|fs[lts k|sf]kn] ubf{ kf]xf]/ oxL ;dodf hLljt nfvf}+eGbf klg a9L dfG5]x?n] clxn]sf] ;fn b]Vg] df}sf kfPgg\ . cgfo;, ck|TofzLt b}jL k|sf]ksf] zLsf/ x'g k'u]sf c;+Vo hLjgx?sf] cufl8 xfdL c? ;a}n] cfkm"n] of] lbg b]Vg kfPsf]df dfq klg ;j{zlQmdfg k|lt s[t1 x'g'k5{ . t/ o:tf]df b'Mvsf] s'/f t s] 5 eg] xfd|f] nufotsf c? y'k}}| d'n'sx?df d'7\7Le/ ;+Vofdf /xg] dfG5]n] cfkm"nfO{ zlQmzfnL 7fgL pgLx?sf] efUo lgwf{/s dfg]sf x'G5g\ ;a}n] To;nfO{ g:jLsfbf{ o'2 clg u[xo'2 x'Fbf]/x]5 . h:sf] kmn :j?k dfly elgPsf k|fs[lts sf/0f afx]s c? klg y'k|} hLjgsf] c;fdlos Iflt x'g k'U5 .
ljut 8]9 bzsb]lv xfd|f] d''n's klg o:t} t5f8 d5f8sf] zLsf/ ePsf] 5 . To;} t s'g eg] em}+ clzIff u/LaLn] u|:t xfd|f] d'n'ssf] cf]/fnf] eg]{ qmd hf/L 5, ca t cf]/fnf]sf] klg k/fsfi6f eO;s]sf] 5 . ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] vf]hLeGbf s;n] a9L ;d:ofsf] l;h{gf u/]sf] sf] n]vfhf]vfdf ;do / >d ;lsPsf] 5 .
æl;of] rf]/ s] rf]/ xfQL rf]/ kf] rf]/Æ eg]em}+ xfQL rf]/sf] kl5 nfUg xfQLeGbf ;fgf] rf]g]{ rf]lvg] k|of;df nfu]sf 5g\ . h] rf]/] klg rf]/L x'g]sf] t uof] lg . rf]/n] g} rf]/sf] v'§f b]Vg] ePsfn] rf]/Lsf] kl/0ffd tf]Sg klg pgLx?g} ;dy{ x'G5g\ . rf]/L x'g]sf] nflu To;n] slt kf] km/s kfnf{ / <
afR5L eP klg afR5f] eP klg uf]7fnf]nfO{ km/s gk/]h:t} h'g;'s} d's'08f] le/]sf] hf];'s} cfP klg ;j{;fw/0fsf] nflu hLp Hofgsf] c;'/Iff, Gofosf] cefj, dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg, cfTd;Ddfgsf] xTof dfq xfd|f] b]zsf] kl/ro ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf] /Iff afx]s s;} klg c? s]xL / sf]xLsf] ;'/Iff u/]sf 5}gg\ . o:tf]df s]sf] rf8 dgfO{ eof] / <
ltxf/ t kl/jf/sf] hd36sf] kj{ x'g'kg]{, of] rf8 t ;okqL, uf]bfj/L / dvdnL k"msf] x'g'kg]{, bfh' efO;Fusf] lbbL alxgLsf] e]6sf] cflTdotfsf] x'g'kg]{, nIdL;Fu P]Zjo{ / ;DklQsf] cfXjfgsf] x'g'kg]{ . ltxf/ t b]p;L / e}nL v]Ng jl/kl/ ufpF l5d]s lgw{Ss 3'Dg kfpg'kg]{, 8f8f kfvfdf lk+usf] rx rx clg k"/L :jf/L vfg kfpg'kg]{ xf] . elgG5 efO 6Lsfsf] lbg od/fh klg cfkm\gL alxgLsf] 3/df 6Lsf nufpg hfg] ePsfn] bfh' efO ;'/lIft x'G5g\ . To:tf] 9'Sssf] x'g'kg]{ ltxf/ .
agdf/f / emf/n] el/Psf] au}+rf, sd]/f] /ftf]df6f] / /f]sg pl8;s]sf leQf, lk+usf] 8f]ag} dfl;O;s]sf 8f8f kfvf / b]p/fnLx? ;]n cg/;f / ld7fO{sf] /fu ;d]t gkfOg] cu]gf r'nfx?, l;dfgfleq / aflx/ cfkm\gf] cl:dtf lnnfd ul/Psf lbbL alxgLx?, lagf sf/0f dfl/Psf jf a]kQf kfl/Psf bfh' efOx?, b]p;L / e}nLsf] axfgfdf cft+s / c:q e§\ofpg] u'+hgx? clxn]sf] ltxf/sf] kl/efiff ePsf] 5 . bLkfjnLsf] rf8 dflgg] of] ji{df 3fd / h'g ;d]t cWofl/Psf 5g\ .
o:tf]df xfdL bLkfjnLsf] pkIodf xflb{s z'esfdgf ;f6f;f6 u/]/ k/fk"j{sfnsf] ltxf/ ;lDemP/ cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ em"6 af]Nb}5f} of t c;Xo kL8f lal;{lbg dlb/f ;]jg u/] h:t} xfdL ;a} Ps b'O{ k]u ltxf/ lkpFb} 5f}+ . h] eP klg xfdL l;dfgf leq / l;dfgf aflx/ x'g] ;a} g]kfnLx?n] ;'vdo, pd+udo o; z'epknIodf Ps} l5gsf] nflu ltxf/sf] dL7f] dftsf] sfdgf ub}{5f}+ .
olt eGbf eGb} klg ltxf/sf] z'esfdgf ;a}df .

sf/0fleqsf] sf/0f Û

lzj k|sfz
xfn M af]i6g, cd]l/sf, cS6f]a/ #), @))%

tkfOFn] cfFvf vf]Ng'sf] sf/0f
lapFemg' xf]Og /x]5,
;kgfdf cfkm" dxfg\ ePsf]
cfˆgf] :j?k P]gfd x]g'{ /x]5 .

tkfOFn] v'6\6f prfNg'sf] sf/0f
ljZjf;sf] af6f]df
;b\efjsf] kfOnf rfNg' xf]Og /x]5,
:jflwgtfsf] 6fpsf]df 6]Sg' /x]5 .

tkfOFn] xft p7fpg'sf] sf/0f
dfgjLo efjgfnfO{
c+sdfn ug'{ xf]Og /x]5,
ljrf/x?sf 3fF6L lgdf]7\g' /x]5 .

tkfOFn] d'v afpg'sf] sf/0f
k]6 ef]sfpg' xf]Og /x]5,
a}olQms dfgjLo :jtGqtfnfO{
7f8} lgNg' /x]5 .

tkfOF af]Ng'sf] sf/0f
ljrf/sf] ljlgdo ug'{ xf]Og /x]5,
k/d\ k|e'Tj z'ef/Desf]
pb\3f]z ug'{ /x]5 .

tkfOFsf] pbo x'g'sf] sf/0f
gofF hfu/0f Nofpg' xf]Og /x]5
c;Lldt lj:tf/sf]
csNkgLo o'4 5]8\g' /x]5 .

g e'nf}+ ljb]z

gf/fo0fbQ zf:qL
tgx'F g]kfn xfn M cnfafdf, cd]l/sf, cS6f]a/ #), @))%

g]kfnsf] 5 hnjfo' ljz]if /fd|f]
tsf{/L jfl/ xl/of] 3/df 5 xfd|f]
em'N5g\ t/fO{ e/ wfg cg]s j];
kmsf}{+ ls ;fyL 3/df ge'nf}+ ljb]z .!.

g]kfn dfq hn;|f]t wgL eg]/
of] b]zsf] hn k|jfx u/fO{ a];
ug}{5 sfd cemnf} g e'nf}+ ljb]z ..@..

g]kfnsf hl8a'6L ;a ;'Sg nfu]
lj1fgjflb hg tL 3/af6 efu]
o:sf] ;'wf/ ul/ lj1 ag]/ a];
kmsf}{+ ls ;fyL cjtf ge'nf}+ ljb]z ..#..

pBf]u pBd snf ;a j}lnP/
kftfn g} k'lu;s] ;a vl:sP/
yfnf}+ prfNg ca b]z a'emL ljz]if
cfdf ?jfO{ cjtf g e'nf}+ ljb]z ..$..

lzIff ;a}lt/ lkmFh] u'0ff 5}g slt
xf] b]z dfq hn;|f]t an]g alQ
lzIff u'0ffTds lnP/ k;f}+ :jb]z
g]kfn pGglQ u/f}+ g e'nf}+ ljb]z ..%..

of] /fHo ;fg' 5 l5§} ca ;'lw|Pnf
lj1fg ;Lk hlt x'G5 lkmFhfg'{ knf{
g]kfn aG5 clg :ju{ ;dfg a];
nfuf}+ ;'wfg{ ;an] g e'nf}+ ljb]z ..^..

-gf]6M of] sljtf !$ cIf/sf] a;Gt ltnsf 5Gb xf], slj gf/fo0fbQ zf:qL_

…d Ps tyfslyt /fhfÚ

ljKnj lgzfgL
kf]v/f, xfn :jL6\h/Nof08, cS6f]a/ #), @))%

/utn] lgy|'Ss leh]sf
5fltx? lrl/P/
d'6'x? p5'l§Psf 5g\
oqtq 5k{i6 5g\
y'k|]} c:f+Vo nfzx?
cfkm\g} e"lddf a]jfl/:f] / c:ki6 5g\
tL c:f+Vo d[To'x?n]
d]/f] zf:fgsf] ofqf lsg g5]s'g
d tsf{pFlbg clg kG5fpFlbg
tL nfzx?nfO{
cF xF Û dg d]/f] /lQe/ s'Fl8b}g
5ftL 9Ss km'Nb}g
s]jn d gf3]/ hfG5'
hgtfsf] /utdf kfOnf 6]s]/
dnfO{ jf:t} nfUb}g cgu{n d[To':fFu
d}n] lgsfNg' 5}g :fxfg'e"ltsf cfjfhx?
lsgsL d of] b]zsf] /fhf xF'

uxx?af6 c>'wf/f alu/x]5g
:fof}sf l:fp+bf kvflnPsf 5g\
r'/fx? km'6]sf 5g\
sfvx? l/lQPsf 5g\
ufFpj:tLx? :tAw 5g\
/ klg of] d]/f] nflu
…/f]d hln/x]5 , afF:f'/L alh/x]5Ú
dnfO{ UofF:fsf RofDa/x? klg
sdhf]/ nfU5 hgtf dfg{sf nflu
dnfO{ kmfl:fjfb lkmtnf] nfU5
zf:fg ug{sf] nflu
To:f}n] dnfO{ lx6n/ / d':ff]n]gL aGg' 5}g
pgLx? em} sdhf]/ x'g' 5}g
d aL:ff} ztfAbLsf] xf]Og
lsg ls d @! cf} ztfAbLsf]
tyfslyt …/fhfÚ xF' .

sazzan_basti@yahoo.com

hgtf eG5g /fhg====

ljgf]b /f]sf
Go"of]{s, cd]l/sf, cS6f]a/ #), @))%

/fhg
/fh;+:yf / hgtf larsf] ;Ddmf}tf xf] ;+ljwfg
k|hftflGqs Joj:yf leq ;+j}wflgs /fhf c6fpg ;S5
jfwf k/]sf] 7fpFdf dfq /fhfn]
jfwf c8sfp km'sfpg ;S5
t/ /fhg,
jfwf c8sfp km'sfpg] c:q k|of]u u/]/
gful/ssf dfgjflwsf/df k|ltjGw nufO{
tf08j g[To ug{ kfO{b}g
olb o;f]] ug{ ldN5 eG5f} eg]
;Ddmf}tf g} tf]l8of]
b]z t cflv/ hgtfsf] xf]
To;}n] hgtf eG5g\
To;f] eP o:tf] /fhf xfdLnfO{ klg rflxb}g .
/fhg,
hgtf t dfnLs x'g b]zsf
;]jsn] t logsf] O{R5f cg';f/sf] ;]jf ug'{k5{
t/ ;+s6df jfwf c8sfpm k'msfpg] ;Ddsf]
sfd ug{ kfpmg] ;]jsn]
hgtfnfO{ g} bf; agfpg kfO{b}g
olb o;f] ug} ldN5 eG5f} eg] /fhg
;Ddmf}tf g} tf]l8of]
b]z t cflv/ hgtfsf] xf]
To;}n] hgtf eG5g
To;f] eP xfdLnfO{ klg o:tf] /fhf rflxb}g .
ljlwsf] ljwfgn] eG5 /fhg
k|To]s hLjn] cf cfkmgf] sd{sf] kmn ef]Ug] u5{
kfs]kl5 kmn j[Ifaf6 cfkm} eO{df emg'{k5{
w]/} lbg b]lv b]lvb}5 /fhg
ltdL b]znfO{ ;q;fn lt/ kmsf{pFb}5f}
To;}n] Pskl5 csf]{ k|xf/
k|hftflGqs d"No / dfGotfdf ub{}5f}
t/ PSsfO{;f} ;bLsf hgtf eG5g\
b]znfO{ cem k|hftflGqs uGtJotkm{ nfg[k5{ .
/fhg
hgtfsf] O{R5f ljkl/t b]znfO{
k|ltudgtkm{ nfg kfO{b}g
olb k|ltudg tkm}{ nfG5 eG5f} eg]
;Ddmf}tf g} tf]l8of]
b]z t cflv/ hgtf s} xf]
To;}n] hgtf eG5g
To;f] eP xfdLnfO{ klg o:tf] /fhf rflxb}g.
-of] sljtf ;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3 cuf8Lsf] kfs{df ;]K6]Da/ !^, @))% sf lbg /fhfsf] c;Dj}wflgs sbdsf] lj/f]wdf cfof]lht lj/f]w k|b{zg sfo{qmddf jfrg ul/Psf] lyof].

aU5 cfFz', aUg b]pm

n]lgg a~hf8]
cS6f]a/ !(, @))%

la5§} /f}gsn] tft]sf] 5 olta]nf vf]nfjfl/sf] ;fgf] s6]/f] . olt nfdf] hLjgdf w]/} sd ;do o:tf] /f}gs b]lvG5 s6]/f]df . laxfg-;fFemsf] lglj{sNk clgsfn clg hf]ag x/fO;s]sf] hLjg w'nf];Fu, 9'+uf;Fu otfplt, otfplt . t/ klg /f}gs 5 dgdf- /fd'bfOsf], efph"sf] clg ;a}eGbf a9L lkmi6]sf] .
…ab|} p:Sof 5f} lg cf] bfO, s] xf] <Ú
clns nfdf] cGt/fn 5 e]6df . lxhf], c:tL, emg:tL== w]/} c:tL b]lvPgg\ /fd'bfO{ . dgel/ aft dfy]{+, tgel/ dfof nfpFy] /fd'bfO;Fu -;kgf x'g;S5_ . hf]agsf] klxnf] kx/d} hLjg;Fu 7'l:;Psf /fd'bfO . cfh cs}{cs}{ rlËPsf 5g\- 7"n} kl/jt{g eof] ;fob .
…vf:;} So} x}g, o:;f] rf8k/\j klg t cfpg nfP lg===Ú
cF ;fFRr} bz}+ -<_ klg cfpg nfUof] .
/fd'bfOsf] nflu klg bz}+ -<Û_
lkmi6] / efph"sf] nflu klg bz}+ -<_
d]/f] nflu klg bz}+ -<_
w]/}sf] nflu w]/} bz}+ cfP o;kfln klg . /fd'bfOsf] nflu klg la5§} u/L bz}+ cfof] .
t/ Tof]eGbf klg cs}{ s'/f] 5 .
e]p kfPsf] 5}g cem};Dd .
…ToxL dfq} t x}g h:tf] 5 ====Ú
cgle1tf hfx]/ u5'{ .
…of}6f] s'/f] yfxf kfpg' ef] <Ú
…s] s'/f <Ú
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bagar_mylife@yahoo.com

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;w}+ bz}+df ltxf/df km'Ng] a'sL km"n km'Ng 5f]8]sf] 5 . ;f/f v'zLx? w]/} 6f9f efu]sf] 5 . dg r~rn 5 cgL s'l8Psf] 5 . rf8 ka{sf /dfOnf lbgx? la/fgf ePsf 5g\ . bz}+ af]l´nf] ePsf] 5 . aiff}{ lkR5] lk8fbfoL aGb} uPsf] 5 .
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o;/L Ps cfk;df kl/jf/ ;Fu} rf8{ka{ dgfpg gkfPsf] klg slt aif{ laTof] . ;a} kl/af/ ;Fu} a;L ;'v b'Mv afF8g] of] ka{df sf]xL bfh'efO lab]z knfPg t sf]xL :ab]zdf eP/ klg 3/ gkm{s]sf] sof}+ aif{ laTof] .
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bishnujiko@yahoo.com

lgaGw

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df6f] hxfFsf] d6'n] 5'b}+g
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Email- gomahari@hotmail.com

lgaGw

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…l:kl/6 / ck'r'{lg6L# sxfF xf]nfg\ . ljr/f Û k[YjLdf kms]{/ ca slxNo} cfpFb}gg\ . Toqf] d+un u|xdf PSn} s] ub}{ xf]nfg\ lg j;Gt] <Û PSn} ==== Û ======ÛÚ
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Soflnkmf]lg{of <<ÛÛ
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…s"n ====bLks ====s"nÚ
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a8L -cfdfnfO{ a8L eG5' dfofn]_ sf] ofdfgsf] cfjfh ;'g]/ cfsfzaf6 cf]ln{of] bLks . :jf//{/===========9\ofSs .
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cgfof; of] 9Nb} uPsf] /ftdf Pskfln kms]{/ x]g{ dg nfu]sf] 5 . ufpFa];Lsf d]/f ;ËL;ËLgLx?, :s'n SofDk;sf ;fyL;ËLx?, ;flxTo / kqsfl/tfsf] uf]/]6f]df e]l6Psf ;xkf7Lx?, d]/f psfnLcf]/fnLsf ;fyLx?, afcfdf, hLjgdf ;a}eGbf k|]d u/]sf dgsf uLtx? === Û cfxf Û tfnr/Lsf] nfd bz}tfsf lxdfnaf6 dw]zlt/ a;fO{ ;g{ hfFb} u/]h:tf]u/L cfpg yfN5g\ - cFWof/f] /ftdf, ;Demgfx? .
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a;\ Û sfdgf u/]/, dfu]/ kfOG5 eg] rfxG5' d klg jfnfkgaf6} hLjgsf] ofqf yfNg .
t/ c;Dej Û xf]Og eg] s;/L n]Vy] /j6{ k|m:6n] …b /f]8 g6\ 6]sg .Ú
cF, eGg yfn]sf] 5' . cfh @% sf] 3/df k:b}5' . t/ olt nfdf] af6f] lxF8]/ klg l/Q} Û kmut lg:t} .
kms]{/ x]5'{ -olt w]/} nfdf] af6f]df s'g} psfnf] r9]g5' . x]5'{ -p:t} /x]5g\ pln{/x]sf df8Lsf 5fnx?, e]/Lsf e]nx?, hª\3f/x?, bfª5]gL{sf n]sx?, ===p:t} v8f 5g\ r'gf}tLsf vf]nf, kxf8, eL/ kx/fx? ===.
cF, oltv]/ d nfx'/] slj blwaGw' 3tL{sf] sf]7fdf 5' . w]/} lbgkl5 aNnaNn ;do lgsfn]/ cfPsf] 5' nfx'/] sljsxfF kfx'gf kg{ .
kf}g] P3f/ ah] -/flt_ ;f]lr/x]5', 6f]nfO/x]5' . ;fFRrL Û lhGbuLsf] cfwfaf6f] p;} sfl6P5 t Û kbrfksf af]/faf6 9'Ëf, rfdn, laofF laGg dg nfu]sf] 5 . a;\, ;dLIff ug{ dg nfu]sf] 5 .
hf]jgsf] cfwf sxfgL l;l4;Sbfv]l/ klg lhGbuLsf] ofqf, ;kgfsf] af6f]sf] t lh/f] dfOnd} e]6]/ aSs kl//x]5' . /, ;f]lr/x]5' sxfFg]/ 5'6]5 lhGbuLsf] cfwfsxfgL <
sNkG5' -@% jif{sf] lhGbuLnfO{ g} ;'Gb/ ;kgf agfPsf] eP kf] x'Fbf] xf] hf]jgh:tf] . lrQ a'‰b}g dnfO{, c?0ff nfdfsf] uLt, …;f]r]h:tf] x'Gg hLjg, ;Dem]h:tf] x'Gg hLjg .Ú / ;DemG5', afafn] ;w}+;w}+ dfl/dfl/ cx|fpg] s'/f, …lxFl8/xg'k5{ ls dfly ls clu x]b}{ . ta g k'luG5 sxLF .Ú
km]l/ x]5'{ -@% cf}+ l;9Ldf pSnb} dWo/ftdf -5'6\of] sxfFg]/ hLjgsf] ;'Gb/ sxfgL < t/ afafn] ;DemfPsf] s'/fn] dg yfD5' -lxFl8/xG5' afFsL ofqf klg hxfF;Dd lxF8\g;S5' .
cF, d d];f] nfpFb}lyPF -cfh d]/f] …ay{ 8] .Ú
dfG5]x? w'dwfdn] dgfpF5g\ -cfkm\gf] hGdlbg -ef]het]/ clg z'esfdgf ===. t/ oL hDd} s'/f dnfO{ jflxoft nfU5 . k|l;4 ef/tLo n]lvsf cd[tf lk|tdsL e"k" k|]dL ;flx/ n'lwofgjLsf] sljtf+z ;DemG5', …ls;L Ps zxgzfxg] bf}ntsf ;xf/f n]s/, xd ul/jf]+sL df]xAatsf p8fof x} dhfs ÛÚ
cF, z'esfdgf, kf6L{, ef]het]/, ===dfq} …cf}krfl/sÚ nfU5 dnfO{ .
t/ lsglsg kms]{/ x]/]/ PsafhL s]6fs]6Lh:t} ?g dg nfu]sf] 5 -lxF8\bfv]l/ e]6]sf psfnLcf]/fnLx?sf ofbdf . o; dfg]df ls 7]; hDd} kvflnpmg\ . km]l/ cfkm}n] sf6\5' -/f]P/ klg ;dfwfg x'G5 < km]l/ afnfkg ;Dem]/ dgnfO{ :jtGq 5f]8\g dg nfu]sf] 5 v'nf cfsfzdf . cjf]w afns x'g dg nfu]sf] 5 . cfdfsf] Gofgf] sfvdf klN6P/ d]/L cfdfsf] Ro"F8f]sf] sf]7L v]nfpFb} km]l/ b"w vfg dg nfu]sf] 5 .
s] ;Dej 5 < laNs'n c;Dej .
gd]l6g] ltvf{ klg nfU5 lsg dfG5]nfO{ < gk'Ug] lt;{gf klg hfU5 lsg dfG5]sf] hftnfO{ < a;\, hf]jgd} klxnf]jf/ ;Dem]sf] 5' . oL ;DemgfnfO{ 8fo/Lsf] v]t}e/ 5g{ kfP x'Fbf] xf] s:tf] < ;Demgfsf SofGef;df Pp6f ;'Gb/ lrq agfpg kfP x'Fbf] xf] s:tf] < oL dg vfg] ofbx?n] @% jif{sf] ;+3f/df af/ xfn]sf 5g\ . d gfhjfkm pleO/x]5' . lgzJb dWo/ftdf uln/x]5' .
cF, d blwhLsf] sf]7fdf ;Demgfsf] P]gfclu plePsf] s'/f ub}{}lyPF . yl;v]n-hfpnfv]nglhs_ -blwhLsf] sf]7f . pxfF dfq xf]Og ca lbbL / ef~hL klg lgbfO;s]sf 5g\ .
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kms]{/ x]b}{ Psf]xf]/f] 6f]nfP/ dgsf] SofNs'n]6/df hyfefjL cÍ bfla/x]5' -gfkmf÷3f6f, psfnLcf]/fnL÷===. lgkmGg yfN5' ;dLIffsf] gfª\nf]df .
cF, eGb}lyPF, blwhLsf] sf]7fdf 5' . af]s]sf] /x]g5' -sfuhsf] kfgf klg .
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cF, eGb}lyPF ;dLIffsf] s'/f . slt ul//fVg] dgsf] ugyg klg . ug'{ slt pxL ;fgf] 5Fbfv]l/ 7"Nbfh'h:t} dfi6/ aGg] ;kgf, *÷( df k9\bf 8fS6/ aGg] ;kgf, cgfof; ( df k9\bfv]l/ ufos aGg] ;kgf, SofDk; k:g]lalQs} ;'Gb/ n]vs aGg] ;kgf, sltkfln bf]xf]¥ofO/xg] .
t/ lsglsg cfkm}+ lxF8]sf] af6f] klg kmls{sg x]g{ dg nfu]sf] 5 -dgsf] dfofn';Fu PSsf;L 5'l§g'kbf{em}+ -hf] slxNo} e]l6g] 5}g . hf];Fu km]l/ lhGbuLsf] psfnLcf]/fnL ug{ kfOg]5}g . hf];Fu km]l/ lk/tLsf s'/f nfpg] ;fOt slxNo} h'g]{ 5}g ._ .
p;f] eP cfhsf] s'/f n]vd\ < cf, cfkm\g} hGdlbgsf] s'/f klg s] n]Vg' . s] n]Vg' -ljxfg ljj]s l;h{gzLn k|sfzg uPF, sDKo'6/ 76fPF, d]/f] lstfa lnPF, blwhLnfO{ e]6\g a[l6; SofDk cfPF, ljPkmlaP;df lszf]/ u'?ª, ?kf /fgf / cfzf k'g;Fu e]6 eof], cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu ?kf / cfzf lbbLn] ;do ldnfpg s/ u/]sf]] s'/f, d ;;'/fn uPsf] s'/f, nfx'/] ;fyLx?sf kf;{n a'emfpg blw;Fu} s';'GtL uPsf] s'/f, lxdfn / ;x;|fJbLdf d]/f] lstfa 5f]8]sf] s'/f ===Û cf, s] n]Vg' olt lemgfdl;gf s'/f klg .
38L x]5'{ -;f9] P3f/ gf3\g yfn]sf] 5 . yl;v]n lgbfO;s]sf] 5, dfq} s's'/x? e'ls/x]5g\ . t/ d < cfkm} lxF8]/ cfPsf] af6f]lt/ kms]{/, @% sf] ;+3f/df pleP/ lhGbuLd} klxnf]kfln efj's slj eP/ x]l//x]5', cfkm}nfO{ . a;\ cfkm}nfO{ . -;fob efj's slj o:t} x'G5g\ eg] x} Û s:tf x'G5g\ dnfO{ yfxf 5}g, ;'g]sf] e/df eg]sf] ._
;'g;fg /ftdf @% sf] ;+3f/df pleP/ uld/x]5', laNs'n uDeL/ eP/ . sf/0f -ef]ln t l5l/;Sg]5' . km]l/ km]l/ o;/L pleP/ ;f]Rg kfpg]5}g .
km]l/ klg jfnfkgdf kms{g dg nfu]sf] 5 .
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cF, d]/f] hdfgfsf] cfˆg} c6f] ;Dem]/ kfgf kN6fpFb} hfG5' .
p;sf] c6f]sf x/]s kfgf;Fu} d]/f xfO:s'n hLjgsf ofb klg kN6g yfN5g\ . tL kfgfn] km]l/ km/Ss kmsf{P/ xfO:s'nsf d]/f ;lDemg;Sg'sf lbgdf . PSs}3/L ?s'dsf] r'gjfª k'U5' . :s'n] hLjgsf ;+uL÷;+uLgLx?, uLt÷;+uLtsf ;+uL÷;+uLgLx? cfFvfel/ cfpF5g\ -;fNbfh', hoGb|, cgLtf, lgd{nf, cd[tf, /fwf, u0f]z, sdfgl;+xx? ===Û cfxf Û cfxf d]/f uLt;+uLt / :s'nsf ;+uL÷;+uLgLx? .
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n]lvlbG5' .
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5f]8L b]p :jfy{ / 3d08, o'2 If]q gagfp wtL{nfO{ .
ha hgtf g} yfls ;s] bnaf6 cem} slt /+u\ofpF5f} Tof] e|dnfO{ ..
vfln axz u5f}{ k|hftGq, /fhtGq / u0ftGqsf] gfddf .
gf/f / efif0fn] s] g} ldN5 / ha zflGt g} 5}g b]zdf ..
b]lvG5 cfhsn ;ft bnsf] ulx/f] ldqtf / Pstf .
lautsf em} xft g5f]8\g' lard} km}nfO{ if8oGq / c/fhstf ..
hgtf xf]Ogg\ xltof/, /fhgLlt xf]Og Jofkf/ .
zflGtsf] w'g u'Ghfpg b]p ;f/f b]zjf;L k|s6 ug]{5fg\ cfef/ ..
:jtGqtf / zflGt g} x'g ;+klQ cl:tTj /fVg] b]zsf] .
d]nldnfk / ;dembf/Ln] x6fpg] 5fg\ kL8f of] jt{jfgsf] ..
gofF laxfgL 5fpg]5 b]zsf] efUo af]Sg]n] a]n}df s'/f ga'em]df .
cfzf 5 of] tLg dlxgfn] gofF ;'gf}nf kfgf yKg]5 g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ..

uLt

sdnfsfGt cfrfo{
leogf ljZjljBfno, leogf cli6"of, ;]K6]Da/ !@, @))%

ga;] /f]P/ d cfpg] af6f] x]/]/
ofqf 5 nfdf] d]/f] uf¥xf] 5 cfpg kms]{/

b'O{ kn xf]Og b'O{ lbg xf]Og
/f]O /f]O hLjg sf6g ;lsGg

pHjn 5 ltd|f] eljio hfg gb]p v]/
ofqf 5 nfdf] d]/f] uf¥xf] 5 cfpg kms]{/

;Demgf cfpbf d'6' b'Vg ;S5
cfF;' v:g ;S5 unf ?Sg ;S5

hLpg l;Sg' k5{ ld7f] cltt ;Dem]/
ofqf 5 nfdf] d]/f] uf¥xf] 5 cfpg kms]{/ ..

km/s kb}{g

xl/ l3ld/], elh{lgof
;]K6]Da/ !@, @))%

km]bLaf6 km6\s]sf km6\ofªu|fx?
km/flsnf] kmfF6 kmf6\b}5g\
kmf]xf]/sf gfddf kmfk/ sf6\b}5g\
kmfk/ kmNg' g kmNg' jf
kmfObf a]kmfObf k|fljlws s'/f x'g\
km]l/ klg km]bsf] km6fxL ukm kmnfSt} 5g\
km';sf 3/df a;]sf km'k' km'kfh'x?
km'l:ng] km"M dGqdf km:g' x'Fb}g
kmfFl;afb;Fu km'Ssf x'g dg 5 eg]
kmfl;i6nfO{
km]jfdf kmfn] klg km/s kb}{g .
km]b eg]sf] j]b xf]
km]b eg]sf] kmfKn'-;u/dfyfsf] km]b_xf]
kmnfgf kmnfgf g]kfnsf km]b x'g\
kmfNt' of] ukm xf] .
km"ndfnfn] km]/L s] nufpF5f} <
kmnkm"n / e]6L s] r9fp5f} <
kmGbfdf km;fpg] kmfl;i6nfO{
kmfF;L+df r9fP klg km/s kb}{g .
kmf];|f cfZjf;gx?
km';|f larf/x?
kmut km"na'6\6] kmsfOx?
km]n ;a} e};s]
km6fxf oL km'k"sf] >f4 vfg]nfO{
kmnfd h:t} kmf]/] klg km/s kb}{g .

lgaGw

;g]{

gf/fo0f clwsf/L
p8la|h, elh{lgof -rGb|u9L, emfkf., ;]K6]Da/ !@, @))%

d]/f] 5f]/f] dnfO{ ;f]W5- …afaf Û xfdL slxn] ;g]{ <Ú d p;nfO{ k|ltk|Zg u5'{- …sxfFaf6 <Ú …oxfFaf6 s] oxfFaf6Ú pm Sof t P/f]sf, cleif]s / ljlkgx¿ ;/]h:t} csf]{ 3/df xfdL slxn] ;g]{ <Ú pm d]/f] k|Zgsf] k|To'Q/df dnfO{ a'emfpF5 .
dtna, d clxn] d]/L >LdtL;lxt @ j6f aRrfx¿sf ;fydf p8la|h, elh{lgofl:yt a]Eo" ckf6{d]G6df a;]sf] 5' . ckf6{d]G6sf] lnh l;l4g nfu]sf]n] sf]7f x]g{ cGoq hfFbf / >LdtLl;t sxfF ;g]{ eGg]af/]df 3/;Nnfx x'Fbf ;f]xL s'/f ;'g]/ d]/f] 5f]/fn] ;g]{ eGg] s'/f s'g} cfgGb / /dfOnf] v]nh:tf] 7fg]/ To;sf] dhf lng ;g]{ lbgsf] k|tLIff ul//x]sf] 5 .
dnfO{ sf]7f ;g]{ sfd cToGt emGeml6nf] / si6k|b nfU5 . cfh oxfFaf6 cGoq ;g]{ clg cGoqaf6 km]l/ cGoq} sxL+ ;g]{ . cflv/ sltkN6 ;g]{ xF < ;bf{ ;bf{ sxfFaf6 sxfF;Dd ;l/;lsof] t/ of] ;g]{ k|lqmofn] eg] slxn] g5f]8\g] ef] af Û
tfKn]h'ª lhNnfsf] v]afª uflj; j8f g+= ( df hlGdP/ ;Demg} gx'Fbf d d]/f a'af-cfdf;Fu P]hg jtg j8f g+= & df ;/]5' . Tof] s'/f kl5 hfGg]-a'‰g] ePkl5 dfq yfxf eof] . d sIff * df k9\bf] lyPF !$ jif{sf] . sIff * kf; u/]kl5 @)$# ;fndf xfdL k'gM ;kl/jf/ emfkf lhNnfsf] rGb|u9Ldf ;/\of}+ . ;g'{ eGgfn] Ps 7fpFaf6 :yfgfGt/0f eO{ csf]{ 7fpFdf af;:yfg ldnfpg' xf] t/ Pp6f ;/fO;Fu} y'k|} s'/fx¿ ;5{g\ . ha d emfkf ;/]+, d;Fu d]/f] ufpFsf] dfof, ;fyLefO;Fusf] ;DaGw, d]/f] ljBfno;Fusf] z}lIfs gftf ;a} ;/] . ;g]{ k|lqmofdf 3/df ePsf sltko 3/fo;L ;fdfgx¿, af]s]/ nfg g;lsg] vf6, b/fh, s';L{, 6]an slt ;fdfgx¿ l5d]sLx¿sf 3/lt/ ;/] . emfkf cfO;s]kl5 k'gM ofjt ;fdfgx¿ 3/df lsg]/ Nofpg'kbf{ tL ;fdfgx¿ k;naf6 d]/f] 3/lt/ ;/] . d]/f a'afsf vNtLaf6 y'k|} k};fx¿ ;fx'sf xftdf ;/] . lgvGb} / s]nfpFb} hfg] xf] eg] slt s'/fx¿ ;/], slt kbfy{x¿ ;/], slt efjgfx¿ ;/], slt ljrf/x¿ ;/] . h] xf];\, To; ;/fOdf y'k|} y'k|} lrhj:t'x¿ ;/] .
emfkf a;]/ d}n] sIff ( / !) k9]+ . P;=Pn=;L= klg ToxLaf6 kf; u/]+ . pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{ d emfkf rGb|u9Laf6 jg lj1fg cWoogsf] nflu x]6f}+8f jg lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg, x]6f}+8fdf ;/]+ . ToxfF cfO=P:;L=km/]i6"Lsf] b'O{ jif]{ sf]if{ dfq k9fO x'GYof] . k|yd jif{ / låtLo jif{sf ljBfyL{x¿sf] nflu cnu cnu 5fqaf;sf k|aGw lyof] . d k|yd jif{sf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu agfOPsf] 5fqaf;df a;]sf] lyP . kl5 k|yd jif{sf] k9fO ;dfKt ePkl5 d bf];|f] jif{sf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu agfOPsf] 5fqaf;df ;/]+ . k|To]s sf]7fdf b'O{-b'O{ hgfsf] b/n] a:g'kg]{ x'GYof] . ;Fu} a:g] sf]7];fyL -?dkf6{g/_;Fu s'/f ldn]g / csf]{ sf]7fsf] ;fyL;Fu ;6\6f u/L d cs{} sf]7fdf ;/]+ . bf];|f] jif{sf] ;d]t k9fO k"/f ul/;s]kl5 la=P:;L=cWoogsf nflu kf]v/f ;g'{kYof]{ t/ lalaw sf/0fn] d}n] Tof] cWoog k"/f ug{ ;ls+g / emfkflt/} kmls{+P / d]/f] x]6f}+8fsf] cWoogsf] qmd d]rL SofDk;, eb|k'/df la=sd=sf] ¿kdf ;/\of] . of] @)$( ;fnlt/sf] s'/f lyof] .
oxL ;fn d}n] :yfgLo 7fpFd} Pp6f lghL ljBfnodf k9fpg] sfd ;'? u/]+ . b'O{ jif{ cWofkg sfo{ ul/;s]kl5 pSt ljBfnonfO{ 5f]8L d csf]{ lghL ljBfnod} ;/]+ . ToxfF d]/f] ;]jfcjlw tLg jif{ rNof] . ;do ;b}{ lyof] t/ d]/f] lhjLsf rNg of] k];f kof{Kt eO/x]sf] lyPg . To;}n] d rGb|u9Laf6 latf{df]8sf] Pp6f uf]a/Uof; sDklgdf ;/]+ .
To;sf] rf/ dlxgfkl5 d]/f] laafx eof] . laafxkZrft\ d]/L >LdtL cfkm\gf afa'-cfdf, bfh'-efOsf] 3/ r6Ss} 5f]8L d]/f] 3/df ;l/g\ . of] laafxn] s]an pgL pgsf] dfOtL3/af6 dfq ;l/gg\ d cfkm}+ klg 3/leq} cfdf-afa'sf] sfvaf6 la:tf/}-la:tf/} >LdtLsf] sfvdf, kml/of jf lgoGq0fdf h] egf}+ ;l/;s]5' .
dflg;n] rfx]/ dfq hLjg sxfF rNbf]/x]5 / Û dflg;sf] hLjgnfO{ s]n] 8f]/\ofO/x]5 xF < dflg;sf] OR5fn] < ;don] < kl/l:yltn] < jf s]n] <
latf{df]8sf] a;fO / sfd latf{df]8, bds x'Fb} O6x/L;Dd tLg jif{ rNof] . hLjg sxfF ;/n /]vfdf lx+8\bf]/x]5 / Û d Tof] k];fnfO{ klg 5f8]/ k'gM rGb|u9Ldf ;/]/ k];fut lx;fan] sDKo'6/ Jofj;foLsf ¿kdf ¿kfGtl/t ePF .
oxL ;do lyof] d}n] cd]l/sfsf hfg] l8=eL=sf nflu cfj]bg e/]+ . geGb} Tof] dnfO{ k|fKt eof] . cf] xf] Û b]zleq} lalaw 7fpF / k];fdf ;bf{-;bf{ x}/fg ePsf] d cfh b]z} 5f]8]/ ;g'{kg]{ eof] . h] xf];\, cd]l/sf ;g{ kfpFbf dgleq Pp6f v';L, pdª\u jf Pp6f zflng hf]zn] 8]/f u/]sf] lyof] . o; qmddf emfkf rGb|u9Laf6 sf7df8f}+ x'Fb}| d cd]l/sfsf] elh{lgof, p8la|hl:yt !()) ljnf] Nofgdf ;/]+ .
;g'{sf] ofqf oltdf dfq sxfF 6'lª\uGYof] / < !()) ljnf] Nofgdf rf/ dlxgf a;]kl5 g]kfnaf6 d]/L >LdtL;lxt b'O{ gfafns klg cd]l/sf ;/] . dnfO{ ca :yfgfefj eof] / ToxfFaf6 d :yfgLo Ps ckf6{d]G6df ;/]+ d]/f kl/jf/sf ;]gf lnP/ .
of] ckf6{d]G6 Ps hgf g]kfnL ldq lagf]b b]jsf]6f / d}n] ;+o'St lnh u/]sf lyof}+ . lagf]bhL, pgsL >LdtL / pgLx¿sf] Pp6f 5f]/f] u/L tLg hgf lyP eg] d >LdtL, b'O{ aRrf;lxt rf/ u/L hDdf & hgf Ps} 7fpFdf a:of}+ . Ps jif{sf nflu pSt ckf6{d]G6 lnh ul/Psf] lyof] t/ lnh u/]sf] & dlxgfkl5 lagf]b b]jsf]6f / pgsf] kl/jf/ 3/ lsgL cGoq} ;/] . vfnL /x]sf] pSt 7fpFdf Ps hgf d]/f emfkfnL ldq uf]kLrGb| s6\6]n, pgsL >LdtL / Pp6f 5f]/f];lxt ˆnf]l/8faf6 elh{lgof d]/} ckf6{d]G6df ;/] .
;do klg ;fob ;5{ Sof/] Û
$ dlxgfkl5 ckf6{d]G6sf] lnh l;l4g nfu]sf] x'Fbf tL gofF ldq uf]kLhL klg s'g} Ps hgf JolStsf] 3/sf] a];d]G6 vf]hL Tot}lt/ ;/] .
oxL a]nf 5f]/fn] pxL z}nLdf k|Zg u5{- …afaf Û xfdL slxn] ;g]{ <Ú d p;nfO{ lgofn]/ x]5'{ . cflv/ d]/f] 5f]/fn] ;g'{df s'g cfgGb;fu/sf] ;kgf b]lv/x]sf] 5 s'GgL Û d p;nfO{ ;g'{ / ;g'{sf] k5fl8 y'k|} ufx|f / cK7\of/f kL8fx¿ x'G5g\ eg]/ a'emfpg ;lSbg . p;nfO{ Tof] a'emfpg'sf] s'g} cy{ klg 5}g lsgeg] p;n] tL ;a} s'/f a'‰b}g klg . olb oL ;a s'/f p;n] a'‰g] ePsf] eP d ;'gfdLsf sf/0fn] ;/]sf nfvf}+ dflg;x¿, x'l/Sofg Sofl6"gfsf sf/0fn] d/]sf / ;/]sf nfvf}+ nfv dflg;x¿nfO{ ;g'{n] 7"nf] kL8f lbO/x]sf] 5 eg]/ elglbg] lyPF .
clg, olb ;a} s'/f p;n] ;f]r]h:t} dgf]/~hs ePsf] eP s'g} b}jL k|sf]k, af9L, klx/f] cfP klg km/s kb}{glyof] . ;g'{sf] dgf]/~hgsf nflu a? ;fob dflg;x¿ tL ;a} s'/fx¿sf] sfdgf ul//x]sf x'Gy] xf]nfg .
t;y{, d 5f]/fnfO{ ;xh ¿kdf elglbG5'- …5f]/f], xfdL of] dlxgfsf] cGtdf ;g]{ <Ú
of] dlxgfsf] cGtdf ;fFFRr} ckf6{d]G6sf] lnh ;ls+b} 5 . d sf]7f ;g{ sf]7f vf]lh/x]sf] 5' .
d]/f] 5f]/f] ;g]{ s'/fn] v';L x'Fb} elg/x]5- …xfdL of] dlxgfsf] cGtdf ;g]{ ÛÚ

4G4 !

l8u axfb'/ tfdf+u
d]l/Nof08, cd]l/sf, ;]K6]Da/ !!, @))%

jiff{t Ct' uof] z/b Ct' cfof]
xl/of] afnL lj?jfx? kx]+nf] eof] .
vfBfGgn] s[ifsx?sf] esf/L eg{yfNof]
ca ;do cfof] d]nldnfksf]
lsg xfdL 4G4 dfq ug]{ <

4G4 klg yl/ yl/sf 5g\ oxfF
st} /fhgLlts 4G4 st} s"6g}lgs 4G4 .
st} xftxltof/sf] 4G4, st}df/sf6sf] 4G4
st} cf0fljs 4G4, st} vlghkbfy{sf] 4G4 .
st} h'n'z gf/fsf] 4G4, st} sfnf] em08fsf] 4G4
st} ;]tf] em08fsf] 4G4 .

3/} 4G4, zx/} 4G4, xfjf kfgLdf g} 4G4
of] 4G4nfO{ s;/L ;dfwg ug]{ <
hftLo 4G4,ul/aL 4G4, clzlIft 4G4
ef]vdf/L 4G4, cflv/ lo 4G4n] ;a}nfO{
dnfO{ h:t} c;/ kf/]s} xf]nf .

ca o:tf] 4G4nfO{ ;dfwg ug]{ lt/
lsg xfdL Ps h'6 eP/ ;dfwg gug]{ <
a'4sf] h:tf] z'4 dgn] kvfn]/
of
sf]zL, u08sL / s0ff{nLsf]
;+ª\nf] kfgLnfO{ NofP/ cleif]s u/]/
Ps cfk;df 5nkmn u/]/
ca t oL 4G4x?nfO{ h/}af6
p7fP/ km\ofNg' ;a} st{Jo ag]sf] 5 .
clg dfq zflGtsf] :jfut ug{ kfpg] 5 .

e|d

lzj k|sfz
x/}+rf÷df]/ª, xfnM af]i6g, cd]l/sf . ;]K6]Dj/ !!, @))%

Ps k6s cfkm}+nfO{ ;f]lwx]/,
sxLF st} ;fob ltdL e|ddf k/]5f} Û
;"o{nfO xTs]nfn] 5]sL ;+;f/nfO{
cGwsf/ kf5'{ eGg] lsg ;f]lr/x]5f}+ <

x'6\6L6\Øfpsf e/df k'/} ;fu/
yfD5' eGg] ;fx; ltdL lsg ul//x]5f}+ <
cWofF/f]df s;}nfO{ /fVb}df
cGwf] eof] eGg] ljZjf; lsg ul//x]5f} <

afn'jfsf] w/df a;L ltdL
cfkm" ;'/lIft ePsf] lsg 7flg/x]5f}+ <
sfFrsf] kvf{nsf] cf8 lnO{
csf{nfO{ 9'Ëf ltdL lsg xflg/x]5f} <

RofltPsf] kfnd'gL cf]ltP/
cfkm"nfO{ cf]efgf] ltdL lsg 7flg/x]5f}+ <
dlSsPsf] /ydf sf}/jsf;fy a;L
cfkm"nfO{ ltdL lsg ch"{g dflg/x]5f}+ <

ljrf/sf] clj/n gbLnfO{
zlQmsf afFwx?n] lsg /f]Sg vf]lh/x]5f} <
gfª\nf] 7§fO{ xfQL t;f{pF5'
eGg] v]tfnfdfly cem} ltdL lsg e/ kl//x]5f} <

hLGbuL

bLks hl8t
;]K6]Dj/ !!, @))%

k'ik u'R5f ;Ddm]/
hLGbuLnfO{
km"nbfgdf l;;fsf]
;hfO{lbPF
t/ e|d /x]5
s]yfxf / <
hLGbuL s7f]/
kTy/ /x]5
yfx}gkfO{
km"nbfg 6'6\of]
6's|f 6's|f eP/
em¥of{d\ em'?d\ .

km]/L ;Dxfn]/
hLGbuLnfO{
6f+uL lbPF leQfdf
t:jL/ ;DemL
pkm\ csf]{ e|d
leq leq oxfF
hLGbuL t
wld/fsf] uf]nf] /x]5
t:jL/ afFsL /x\of]
hLGbuLdf
kf]lrP/ leQf 9Nof]
uNof{d\u'n'{d\ .

cfh km]/L
hLGbuL sfFrsf] r'/f
r'Sof] a]sfd ef]
t s]ef] <
gf8L vfnL g/fVg
lel//x]sf]5'
st} k"a{ hGdsf]
clezKt k}+rf]
;Ddm]/
of] hLGbuL
ltl//x]sf]5' .

s:n] eGof]
o;nfO{ hLGbuL <
hLGbuL g} 7fg]/ d klg
Ps e|daf6 s|dzM
csf]{ e|dsf] Kjfndf
l5l//x]sf]5' .

g]kmf uf";]sf] ;'?jfn

uLtf vqL, Go[\of]s{
;]K6]Da/ !!, @))%

g]kmf uf";]sf] ;'?jfn
ugfpg] af]sf] eGbf
;of}" u'gf a9L eO;Sof]
k]l/;af6 cQ/ lemsfP/ xfNbf klg
Tof] b'u{Gw gblAag] eO;Sof]

cf]8f/ leq a;]/ laiffn' w'jf" kmfln/x] klg
cjtf/sf] s'/f ug{ 5f8]sf] 5}g
csf{sf] Joyfdf ;xfg'e[\lt b]vfP klg
cd[t lkP/ ljifsf] aiff{ ug{ 5f8]sf] 5}g

zflGt kfpgsf] nflu xfdL ;a} lgd'vfx?
zflGtsf] uLt ufO{ lx"l8/x]5f}
lgd'vfx? xf] ljZjf; gu/ :ofn / Ajf';fx?sf]
logn] cfk'}m cfk\mgf] cg'xf/ /ftf] kf/]sf 5g\
logn] cfk}'m cfk\mgf] Joaxf/ lx+;|s kf/]sf 5g\ .

;a} rLh a:g] cf-cfk\mgf] 7fp' x'G5
bf}/fsf] klg, ;'?jfnsf] klg / g]kmfsf] klg
g]kmfuf';]sf] ;'?jfnsf] klg cfk\mgf] 7fp' 5
o;nfO{ alnof] O'hf/n] s;]/ /fVg' k5{
o;nfO{ nfdf] bf}/fn] 5f]k]/ /fVg' k5{ .

b'O{ d'Qms

8f= z}n]z e08f/L
;]K6]Da/ !!, @))%

lgi7"/Lsf] k|z+;f

ltdLnfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ltd|f] ?ksf] k|z+;f ug{ yfn]sf] lyPF
dg af]Nbf af]Nb} eselsP5'
s'/f] t agfO agfO g} eGg' lyof]
t];}n] lar lardf csdlsP5' ...

pkxf/

ltdLnfO{ pkxf/ lbG5' eg]/
d}n] d]/f] 9's9'sL ;fFr]sf] lyPF
t/ ltd|f] dfof cGt} kf]lvP5
d]/f] d'6'sf] 9's9'sL g} /f]lsP5 ...

Go"of]s{ hfcf}+

l6sf s'df/ k'g
lrdvf]nf, DofUbL , xfn M elh{lgof , ;]K6]Da/ (, @))%

-cufdL !^ ;]K6]Da/ @))%, z's|af/ lbp+;f] 7Ls !@ ah] Go"of]s{l:yt ;+o'St /fi6" ;+3sf] k|wfg sfof{no cuf8L x'g uO/x]sf] ljzfn lj/f]w ¥ofnLsf] ;Gbe{df_

k[i7e"ld
:j+o3f]lift k|wfgdlGqsf] e|d0f gx'g] va/ cfof]
;Fu ;+u} Go"of]s{ /ofnL :ylut ePsf] xNnf rNof]

sf]xL cfpg' gcfpg';Fu of] /ofnL ;/f]sf/ /fVb}g
s;}sf] ;jf/L :yugn] k|ltudg ;lRrPsf] 7xl/b}g

o;}n], clwgfosjfbsf] lj/f]wdf cfGbf]ng hf/L 5
tf]lsP s} ldlt,:yfg / ;dodf lj/f]w /ofnL x'g]5 .

:jtGqtfsL k|ltd"lt{sf],
ofg] b :6ofr' ckm lna6L{sf] cfFugdf
cfpFbf] !^ ;]K6]Da/sf],
;+o'St /fi6" ;+l3o cf;Gg dxf ;efdf

ha ;km]b em'7sf k|df0fx? b]vfpb},
xTs]nfn] ;"o{nfO{ 5]Sg] lg/y{s k|of; ul/g]5 .
hlta]nf k|hftGqsf] /Ifs xf}+ eGb},
uf]lxsf] cfFz' r'xfpg] gf6s d~rg ul/g]5 .

7Ls Tolt g} a]nf,
xfdL xfd|f] c;xdltsf] cfjfh a'nGb kfg]{5f}+
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lg/ª\s'Ztfsf xg'dfgx?n] ;Daf]wg ug{ kfOb}g .

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g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ dfof ug]{ Gofok|]dL aGw'x?

g]kfndf ckxl/t k|hftGqsf] k'ga{xfnLsf nflu
k|]; :jtGqtf / df}lns xssf] Uof/]06Lsf nflu
dfgj clwsf/ / sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgfsf nflu
nf]s tflGqs cfGbf]ngdf xfd|f] P]Soj4tfsf nflu

oxL !^ ;]K6]Da/ z's|af/sf lbg Go"of]s{ zx/ hfcf}+
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(tika_pun@hotmail.com)

cg];f;- blIf0f k"jL{ If]qLo RofK6/

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;f] ;efn] ut ;g\ @))) df ePsf] P6nfG6f sljtf dxf]T;jdf k|sfz dNnn] cfkm\gL dftfhLsf] gfddf k|bfg u/]sf] %)) 8n/sf] k'/:sf/k|lt pb\uf/ JoSt u/\of] .
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s]an klv{ a:g' 3fd 8'a] klg rfFb x/fP klg .
klv{ a:g' kL8fn] 5flt kf]Nbf klg ..
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cw]/L /ftsf] ;'Gotfn] lh:sfP klg s'/L /xg' ..
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