rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
yfkfsf] lgo'lQ / t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{
lhi0f' s'df/ ;'j]bL,
hfkfg, h'nfO{ @#, @))#
;dfGo ;f]rfOsf cfwf/df klg s'l6n / /fhgLltsf w"t{ v]nf8L yfkfsf ;fd'Gg]
x+;d'v / ;/n :jefjsf rGb /fhf, kf6L{x? / dfcf]jfbL ;d]tnfO dfGo x'g'kg]{ xf]
. cem ljutdf yfkfsf] jt{dfg /fhf;+usf] ;DaGwsf k[i7e"lddf yfkfsf] rog c:jfefljs
b]lvG5 . /fhgLltsf ;dfGo ljwfyL{n] ;d]t cg'dfg nufpg ;Sg] s'/f xf] ls xfnsf]
;Gbe{df cfGbf]ng/t bnx? s'g} klg xfntdf yfkf ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ 5}gg\, To;sf/0f
of] ;fwf/0f ts{ b/jf/ jf yfkfn] ga'em]sf] eGg' hfoh x'b}g . To;f] eP jftfj/0f
;xh agfpg' kg]{ ;dodf b/af/n] bnx?;+u b"l/ a9fpg] x7 lsg u¥of] / yfkf
uf]6L aGg lsg ;xdt eP < nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGbsf] ;/sf/nfO{ kmfn]/ ;'o{axfb'/
yfkfsf] ;/sf/ lsg Nofpg' k¥of] eGg] k|Zg leq g} cfhsf] /fhgLltsf] dxTjk"0f{
kf6f] n's]sf] 5 .
k6s k6s u/]/ gf} jif{ k|wfgdGqL rnfO;s]sf yfkfsf vftfdf @))& ;fndf k|hftGqsf]
:yfkgf kZrft\ ;aeGbf a9L % k6s k|wfgdGqL x'g], ;aeGbf nfdf] ;do ( aif{eGbf al9
;do;Dd k|wfgdGqL x'g] / Psk6sdf ;aeGbf nfdf] ;do $ jif{ @ dlxgf l6Sg] h:tf lstL{dfgx?
sfod 5g\ . yfkfsf] gfddf hfg] csf]{ lstL{dfg xf], cfkm"nfO{ k|wfgdGqL kbaf6
lj:yflkt ug]{x? ;Dk"0f{af6 s'l;{ vf]:g ;kmn x'g' . rf/k6s k'g/fj[tL eO;s]
kl5 o;nfO{ ;+of]u eGbf klg a9L yfkfsf] /fhgLlt k/qmd g} dfGg' kb{5 . yfkfsf]
@)@) ;fndf # dlxg] sfo{sfn kZrft t'n;L lu/L k|wfgdGqL ePsf lyP, t/ cfkm"
aflxl/Psf] ! jif{ kZrft g} yfkf lu/LnfO kG5fP/ cfkm" k|wfgdGqL x'g k'u]
. lstL{lgwL lai6n] @)@% ;fndf cfkm"nfO{ lj:yfkLt ug{ ;kmn ePkl5 yfkfn]
em08} !! jif{ klv{P/ Tof] /L; klg km]/], t]>f] k6s @)#^ ;fndf lji6sf :yfgdf
k|wfgdGqL eP/ . c;xh kl/l:yltdf @)$) ;fndf yfkfnfO /fli6|o k~rfotdf cljZjfzsf]
dtaf6 x6fP/, nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb k|wfgdGqL eP . yfkfsf /]s8{x?df Pp6f csf]{ /]s8{
klg ylkof], k~rfotsf] #) jif]{ Oltxf;df cljZjfzsf] k|:tfjaf6 x6\g] klxnf] tyf
Psdfq k|wfgdGqL eP/ . yfkfsf] of] /L; cfh ko{Gt klg d/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|i6 5,
k|hftGqsf] :yfkgfkZrft\ b'O k6s rGbn] cfg} kf6L{sf ;xofqL yfkf;+u cfg]f
k|wfgdGqL kb u'dfO;s]sf 5g\ .
of] ;dodf rGbnfO ofn]/ yfkfnfO{ Nofpg' kg]{ sf/0fx? s]nfpg] xf] eg] g]kfnsf]
/fhgLltn] eljiodf lng] /fhgLlts df]8sf] nv sf6\g ;lsG5 . klxn] rGbnfO{ ofNg'
kg]{ sf/0fx? tkm{ x]/f}+ . tL sf/0fx? x'g ;S5g\ M /fhgLlt bnx?sf] cfGbf]ng,
rGb ;/sf/sf] c;kmntf, ljb]zL x:tIf]k, dfcf]]jfbLsf] bjfj jf leqL /fhgLlts v]n
. olb klxnf] sf/0f g} alxu{dgsf] k|d'v sf/0f lyof] eg], To; kZrft\ u7g x'g]
;/sf/ cfGbf]ng/t /fhgLlts bnx?sf tkm{af6 x'g' kg]{ lyof] . bf]>f] sf/0fnfO
k|wfg dfGg ;lsg] l:ylt lsg 5}g eg], /fhgLlts bnx?nfO ;d]6\g g;s] klg clxn]sf]
d"n d'2f, dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng, df ;fk]lIfs ;kmntf ldn]s} dfGg' k5{ rGb ;/sf/nfO{
. lbks 1jfnLn]] eg] h:tf]] e"tk"j{ s'6gLlt1x? / Pp6f ljZjljBfnosf
e"tk"j{ k|fWofksnfO{ cGt/fli6|o ;Ldfkfl/sf] ;fj{ef}d b]zsf] ;/sf/
abNg ;Sg] cf+Sg' eg]sf] Pp6f e2f dhfs dfq dfGg] xf] eg] ;/sf/ kl/jt{gdf ljb]zLsf]
xft lyof] eGg] ts{ Tolt kfRo x'+b}g . rGb ;/sf/sf] lj36g nuQ} lg:s]sf dfcf]jfbLsf
k|ltlqmofaf6 ;lhn} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 ls pgLx? tTsfn ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf
lyPgg\ .
To;f] eP ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] k|d'v sf/0f x'g ;S5, cGo leqL /fhgLlts v]nx? h;df
;}Go zlQmsf] k|d"v e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbL;+usf] jftf{df %
lsdL leq ;}lgs ;Lldt /xg' kg]{ s'/fn] ;}GozlQm lrl8Psf] x'g ;S5 . ljutdf klg
;}lgs;+usf] ljjfbsf sf/0f u[xdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg' k/]sf] k|;+u / gofF ;/sf/n]
agfPsf] jftf{ 6f]nLdf ljutdf k|efjzfnL e"ldsf lgefpg] gf/fo0f l;+x k'g
h:tf jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o klg gkg'{n] of] ts{df s]lx jhg 5 . ;/sf/ kl/jt{gdf of]
Ps sf/0f eGbf klg cGo ;a} ;/sf/ kl/jt{g h:tf] s]lx jf ;a} sf/0fx?sf] w]/yf]/
e"ldsf eg] /x]sf] x'g ;S5 .
t/, g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df xfn;Dd ;]gf b/jf/k|lt x/bd jkmfbf/ b]lvPsfn], ;]gfn] rGb
;/sf/sf] lj/f]w u/]s} eP klg ;/sf/ lgdf{0fdf ;]gfsf] 5'§} e"ldsf ePsf]
eg] ts{;+ut 7xb}{g . To; sf/0f yfkfsf] rogdf b/jf/sf] lg0f{fos e"ldsf lyof]
eGg] dfGg' kb{5 . s]lx ;fgf kf6L{x?af6 lj/f]w x'g] eP klg ;a} k|hftlGqs bnx?nfO{
cfgf] lsQfdf Nofpg ;Sg] cj;/ 5f8]/ /fk|kf leq} klg k|z:t lj/f]w vKg' kg]{
JolQmnfO{ k|wfgdGqL 5fGgsf k5fl8 b/jf/sf] Wo]o s] x'g ;S5 < To;dfly klg r'gfj
;fg]{ k|:tfj af]s]/ uPsf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ /flhgfdf lbg b/af/n] bjfj lb+bf
b]pjfnfO{ b/af/sf] bjfj gdfGg ;'emfj lbg] ;'o{axfb'/ yfkfn] s;/L afhL dfg{ ;kmn
eP < ljb]zL bjfj eg]/ /fhgLlt ug]{ uf]6L t e]§fpg ;lsPnf, t/ Tof] j:t'k/s
ljZn]if0f geP/ 1jfnLn] eg] h:tf] Pp6f e2f dhfs dfq xf] . l5GgleGg ePsf dfux?
af]s]/ cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ kG5fpg sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ lbP/ ;/sf/
agfPsf] gf6s u/]/ bnx?;+usf] b'/L emg\ a9fPsf] 5 b/jf/n] . b/jf/sf] ljZn]if0f
/fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ glhs Nofpg] eGbf klg dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ /fhgLlts xn lbg]
ljifodf a9L s]lGb|t ePsf] x'g ;S5 . rGbsf] /fhLgfdf kZrft s]lx ;do;Dd /x]sf]
Pdfn] g]tf dfwj g]kfnsf] k|wfgdGqL x'g] cg'dfg;+u} lg:s]sf dfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltlqmofn]
klg hgfp5 /fhgLlts kf6L{;+u eGbf b/jf/ k/:tx?;+u jftf{ ;hLnf] x'g] ljZn]if0f
dfcf]jfbLsf] 5 . b/jf/n] klg Tof] s'/f a'em]sf] 5 cyjf dfcf]jfbLn] cgf}krfl/s
tj/df ePklg b/jf/;Dd Tof] s''/f k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . ;+;bLo bnx? ;/sf/df ePsf]
;dodf eGbf clxn] /fhfn] l6k]sf] ;/sf/;+u jftf{ ug{ a9L nlrnf] x'gfn] klg b]vfp5
ls dfcf]jfbLx? 5'§} /fhgLlts cl:tTj ePsf zlQmx?;+ueGbf klg /fhf;+u l;wf
s'/f k'¥ofpg] s7k'QnL ;/sf/;+uaf6 cfgf] :jfy{ k'/f x'g] b]Vb5g\ .
pgLx?n] p7fO/x]sf d'2fsf] k|s[tL x]bf{ Tof] ts{;+ut klg b]lvG5 .
clxn] dfcf]jfbL;+usf] t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{df l;w} /fhgLlts d'2fdf k|j]z ug]{
s'/fx? pl7/x]sf 5g\ . b/jf/n] klg /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ kG5fpg vf]h]sf] b]Vbf ToxfF
dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu hgdt ;+u|x cyjf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgdf{0f
cyjf kl/jt{gsf/L sbdtkm{ ;f]r alg/x]sf] a'em\g sl7g 5}g . hgdt ;+u|xtfsf ax'bnnfO{
x/fP/ cfgf] /fhgLlts w"t{tf :yflkt ul/;s]sf yfkfeGbf pko'Q sf] x'g
;S5 b/jf/sf nflu of] ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf <
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