rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
;+ljwfg ;ef / r6s] cf]vtL
lhi0f' ;'j]bL,
cui6 @$, @))#
dlxnfsf] 9f8 b'MVg]b]lv lnP/ k'?ifsf] skfn emg]{;Dd, jo:ssf] lkgf; lau|]sf]b]lv
lnP/ j[4sf] bd ;Dd ;a} ladf/Lx?sf] Pp6} cf]vtL x'G5 /Tgkfs{sf] r6s]cf}ifwL Aofkf/L;+u
. p af6f] lx+8\g] a6'jfx?sf]] le+8 hDdf u/]/ rf/}lt/ 3'Db}, dlRrb} xftsf] ;kmfO{
b]vfp5, s]6f-s]6Lx?;Fu tfnLsf] ck]Iff u5{ / aLraLrdf cwa}+z]x?nfO{ Tof] ck/Dkf/
cf]vtL a]R5 . ckTofl/nf] cg'xf/ nufP/ s]xL cwa}+z]x? Tof] r6s] cf]vtLsf] k'l/of
lsG5g\, k|of]u u5{g ub}{gg\ yfxf 5}g, To;n] sfd ug]{df t z+s} 5 t/ Toxf+ le+8
nflu/xG5, s]6fs]6Lx? tfnL ahfO /xG5g\ / p;sf] /f]hL/f]6L rln/xG5 . g]kfnsf]
;Gbe{df xfn cfP/ ;+ljwfg ;ef To:t} cf]vtLsf] k'l/of agfOPsf] 5 M hftLo, eflifs,
wfld{s, /fhgLlts, cfly{s h'g;'s} d'2fsf] p7fgxf];\, ;+ljwfg;efsf] k'l/ofdf tL
;a} ;d:ofx?sf] lgbfg ePsf] ljZjf; lbnfOG5 .
dfcf]jfbLx?af6 k|:tfljt ;+ljwfg ;efsf] j/k/ w]/} uf]naGb eO;s]sf 5g\, / o;}nfO{
;d:ofsf] lgbfg klg dfGb5g\ . ;+ljwfg ;ef g} Psdfq ;dfwfg ePsf]df ;a}nfO{ ljZjf;
eOg;s]sf] ePklg dfcf]jfbL Ot/sf klg w]/}nfO{ cfhsf] kl/l:yltdf cu|ufdL /fhgLlts
;'wf/ / tTsfn xTof lx+;f aGb ug{ of] g} Pp6f pkfo ePsf] ljZjf; eO;s]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL sf+u|];df lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnufotsf w]/}n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj/f]w u/]
klg ;+ljwfg ;efdf cu|ufdL ;dfwfg b]Vg] ;d'bfo sf+u|]; leq klg 7"n} 5 .
Pdfn]df z+s/ kf]v/]nnufotsf o'jf hdftsf] k|of;af6 ;+ljwfg ;efnfO ;+efJo ;dfwfgsf]
;"qdf /flvPsf] 5, en} dfwj g]kfnnufotsf g]tfx? ;+ljwf;efsf] cf}lrTo gePsf]
/fu ufP/ yfSb}gg\ . hgdf]rf{ nufotsf cGo d"nwf/sf jfdkGyL kf6L{x?n] ;+ljwfg
;efnfO{ ;dfwfgsf] ;"qsf ?kdf lnO;s]sf 5g\ . b]pjf sf+u|];n] ;a}nfO{ dfGo
eP cfkm'x? ;+ljwfg ;efsf] nflu tuf/f] gaGg] atfP/ cfgf]tkm{af6 xl/of]
em08f b]vfO;s]sf 5g\ . clxn] ;+ljwfg ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/]/ klg ;+ljwfg
;ef afx]s klg Tof] k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] Aoxf]/f hgfP/ ;/sf/L cjwf/0ff aflx/ cfPsf]
5, h;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] 7f8} cl:jsf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 .
;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;dy{g ug]{nfO{ t of] /Tgkfs{sf] r6s]-cf]vtL eGbf sd 5}g, t/ lj/f]w
ug]{x?n] eg] :ki6 sf/0f lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . /fhfsf] Ú/rgfTdsÚ elgPsf
sbdx?df s]xL ug]{ 5gs kfP/ s]xLn] cg'dfg u/]sf lyP ls of] ljjfb 6'u+fpg /fhfaf6
;+ljwfg ;efsf dfWodaf6 ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]lhg] 5 . t/, g]kfn ;dfrf/ kqn]
hgfP cg';f/ >L % af6 jftf{eGbf klxn]g} ;+ljwfg ;efsf af/]df nrstf gckgfpg
lgb]{zg eO;s]sf] lyof] . /fk|kf / ;/sf/sf] ;+ljwfg ;efk|ltsf] ?vf]kgfsf] sf/0f
To;af6 cg'dfg nfpg ;lsG5, t/ /fhfsf] clwsf/ s6f}tLsf] d'2f lnP/ cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf
b'O 7'nf kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] ;+ljwfg ;efk|ltsf] lr;f]kgf eg] crDdnfUbf] 5 . sf+u|];n]
dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ dfWoddfq agfP/ cfgf] u0ftGqsf] nIf k|fKt
ug{ vf]h]sf] ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5, h'g yfkf ;/sf/n] u/]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] ;+ljwfg
;efsf] dfWod agfP/ ;Qf / b]z} sAhf ug{ vf]h]sf] ljZn]if0f;Fu d]n vfG5 . Pdfn]sf]
lr;f]kgf eg] cfgf] dtfwf/df pu|jfbL gf/f lbg] dfcf]jfbLn] sAhf ug]{ 8/sf
sf/0f xf] eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ufx|f] 5}g, h;/L Pstf s]Gb|-d;fnsf g]tf df]xg ljqmdsf]
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj/f]w dfcf]jfbL k|ltsf] JolQmut k"jf{u|x xf] eGg] a'g
ufx|f] 5}g .
;+ljwfg ;efsf] d'2f cfhsf] xf]Og . ef/t :jtGq eP kl5 ToxfF gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg
;+ljwfg ;efsf] pkfo ckgfOPkl5 sf+u|];n] klg To;nfO{ cu|ufdL 7x/fpg' :jefljs
g} lyof] . /f0ffzf;gsf] lj/f]wdf knfog ePsf /fhfnfO{ sf+u|];n] nufOlbPsf] u'gsf]
:jefljs hjfkm lyof]M /fhf lqe'jgaf6 ;+ljwfg ;efsf dfWodaf6 hgtfåf/f g}
;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ 3f]if0ff . t/ sf+u|];sf] cGt/kf6L{ snxdf ;Qf / zlQmsf]
;jf]{Rr :jfb kfPkl5 b/jf/ lj:tf/f] Tof] d'2faf6 k5f8L x6\g yfNof] / ;+;b / ;+ljwfg
;efdf /f]Hgsf nfuL sf+u|];nfO{ bjfj kg{ yfNof] . b'O w|'jdf ljeflht ljZj, t]>f]
ljZjdf a9\b} uPsf] sDo'lgi6 k|efj / ltAatdf em08f uf9]/ a;]sf] hg u0ftGq rLg
h:tf cGt/fli6|o kl/l:yltsf sf/0fn] sf+u|];df dgf]a}1flgs bjfa a9\b} uPkl5 /fhfnfO{
;+;bsf] r'gfj 3f]if0ff ug{ ;lhnf] eof], ;+ljwfg ;efsf] d'2f cf]em]ndf k¥of]
. xfn cfP/ dfcf]jfbLn] u0ftGqsf] d'2f p7fof], t/ aflx/L jftfj/0f l7s pN6f 5,
ljZj Ps w|'jLo ePsf] 5, /fhgLlts qmflGtsf/L / cft+sjfbL aLrsf] km/s lemgf] ePsf]
5 / ef/t / rLg b'j} dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cft+sjfbL eG5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLnfO{
u0ftGqsf] d'2f sfo{stf{nfO prfNg / ;+ljwfg ;ef kf6L{nfO{ dfly prfNg k|of]u ug{'
kg]{ bjfj l;h{gf ePsf]] x'g ;S5 .
u0ftGqsf] gf/f af]s]/ h+un k;]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] u0ftGq 5f]8]sf] s'/f slxNo} u/]sf]
5}g, xfnsf] j:t'ut ljZn]if0faf6 ;+ljwfg ;ef cu|ufdL x'g] dfq hgfPsf] 5 . yfkf
;/sf/n] u/]sf] ljZn]if0f Údfcf]jfbLsf] clxn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] af6f] x'+b}
;Qf / b]z} sAhf ug]{ /0fgLlt /x]sf]Ú unt gx'g ;S5, / of]
/0fg}lts ;+t'ngnfO dfcf]jfbLn] eljiodf e/k"/ pkof]u ug]{ / cfgf]
kIfdf kfg]{ kSsf 5 . t/ h;/L ljt]sf !@ aif{df b/jf/n] cfkm"nfO k|:t't u¥of]
/ k|hftlGqs kIf sdhf]/ ePsf] df}sf kf/]/ cfgf] zlQm k|bz{g u¥of],
To;af6 yfxf x'G5 /fhgLltdf Tof] ptf/ r9fj :jfefljs 5 . km/s olt xf] cfgf]
/fhg}lts kIfnfO{ s;/L cuf8L a9fpg] M ;}lgssf] e/df, aGb'ssf] e/df jf hgtfdf
uP/ .
/Tgkfs{sf] r6s] cf]vtLsf] /f]u lgsf] kfg]{ u'0fx? gx'g ;S5g\ a? b'ik/L0ffdx?
b]lvg ;S5g\, t/ emf/km"s, xfjfkfgL df6f] ;'xfpbf] 3/fo;L hl8a'6L, cTofw'lgs
/ b'lgofFn] dflg cfPsf] j}1flgs k|ljlwsf] cf]vtLd"nf] af6 x/]z vfPsf] la/fdLnfO{
olb o;n] dgf]j}1flgs k|efj lbG5 eg] of] lsg gckgfpg] < cGo j}1flgs cf]vtL
g5f]8\g] xf] eg], Tof] dgf]j}1flgs k|efjn] oL cf]vtLx?n] sfd ug{ ;S5g\ . ;+ljwfg
;ef cfkm}+df ;dfwfg gx'g ;S5, o;sf cGo b'ik/L0ffdx? b]lvg ;S5g\, t/ o;af6 lx+;fsf]
cGTo x'G5, hgtf clGtd lg0f{fos x'G5g\ / k|hftGqsf cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfn] lg/Gt/tf
kfFp5g\ eg] o;nfO{ ckgfpg'afx]s cGo s] ljsNk 5 < jftf{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf hfg]
ghfg] eGbf ;+ljwfg ;efdf uPkl5 aGb'ssf] efiff s;/L aGb ug]{, hgtfsf] dtsf] clwsf/
s;/L ;'/lIft ug]{ / o;af6 kg{ ;Sg] b'ik/L0ffdaf6 b]znfO{ s;/L hf]ufpg] eGg]df
s]lGb|t x'g' k5{
-˜˜ M g]kfn ;dfrf/ kqsf] @)^) ebf} % sf] cgnfOg ;+:s/0faf6 p4[t ul/Psf] xf]
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