rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
leotgfd d}n] Æ;f]r]sf] eGbf km/s b]z Æ
gxs'n s]=;L= cS6f]a/ !), @))#
Hfa d]/f] gfd :f+o'Qm /fi6 ;+l3o ljsf; sfo{qmddf kl/of]hgf Joj:yfks ljz]if1sf]
?kdf leotgfdsf nflu 5gf}6 eof] . d t v';L eP+ clg d}n glhssf ;fyLefOx? tyf O{i6ldqx?;Fu
cfgf] 5gf}6sf]af/]df ;'gfPF . w]/} hgfn] of] 5gf}6k|lt Tolt ;sf/fTds ?kn]
gx]/sf] b]Vbf dnfO{ klg cfgf] 5gf}6sf af/]df lbljwf nfu]/ cfof] . g]kfndf
leotgfdnfO{ cd]l/sgx?;Fusf] n8fOFn] hh{/ /x]sf] b]zsf] ?kdf x]l/G5 . d leotgfd
cfpg'eGbf cuf8L;Dddf d]/f] dgdf klg ;fdfGo g]kfnLx?em}+ n8fOFn] hh{/ ePsf] ,
ad / uf]nf af?bn] / ¢Gbn] Wj:t / tx; gx; ePsf], sDo'lgi6 b]z, k|of{Kt vfBfGg
ljt/0fdf /f;g sf8{ nfu" ePsf] b]z, xf] lr ldGx sf] b]z oL / o:t} s'/fx?
dgdf /fv]/ cfgf] st{JonfO{ gofF b]z / gofF jftfj/0fdf s;/L bIftfsf;fy
;DkGg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fx? dgdf /fv]/ cfosf] lyPF .
oxf+ cfO;s]kl5 sfo{qmd, b]z, e" agf}6 xfjfkfgL, ;+:s[lt, ;'/Iff / ug{ x'g]
/ ug{ gx'g] s'/fx?sf af/]df s]xL lbgsf] cg'lzIf0f kZrft dnfO{ d]/f] sfd ug]{
:yfg xflyg k|f]leG;df v6fOof] . h'g xflyg k|f]leG; oxf+sf u/La k|f]leG;x?dWodf
kb{5 . dnfO lng sfnflu kl/of]hgfn] uf8L / bf]efif] Ps hgf k7fPsf] lyof] . leotgfddf
sfd ubf{ bf]efif]lagf sfd ug{ nueu c;e+a g} 5 . pQm bf]efif] gfd Úg"og
ly xpÚ xf] . d eGbf pd]/n] lgs} a'9f] / cg'ejL dfG5] /x]5g . xpn] dnfO{
af6f]e/L leotgfdsf] af/]df, oxfFsf] n8fOFsf af/]df, !% - @) jif{sf] cGt/df leotgfdn]
u/]sf] k|utLsf af/]df atfpb} lyof] . lgs} /fd|f] ;8s tyf af6f]3f6f], x/LofnLn]
el/k"0f{ wfg / k|;:t} t/sf/L v]tLx?, ;-;fgf r'gf 9'+ufsf kxf8x?, ;d;Lt]fi0f
k|b]zLo xfjfkfgL ePsf] b]z ePsfn] klg xf]nf ^ 306fsf] df]6/sf] ofqf ;dfKt ePsf]
yfx} ePg . cem af6f]df xfdLnfO{ 7fpF 7fpFdf l6ldSs k/]sf] 6fO6 k}G6, l6 ;6{
/ xNsf lnlk:6Lsn] ;hfOPsf leotgfdL l76Lx?n] vfgf vfgsf] nflu xft nKsfpb} cfvf+
lemDsfpb} af]nfpby]+ . o;/L em08} ^ 306fsf] df]6/sf] ofqf kl5 xfdL xflygdf cfOk'Uof}+
.
s]lx xKtfsf] xf]6]nsf] a;fO{ kZrft\ kl/of]hgfs} ;fyLx?sf] ;xof]udf d]/f] nflu
Ps 3/ vf]lhof] . ljb]zL eGg lalQs} 3/ef8f bf]Aa/ dxuf]+ eGg] / cf cfg}
kl/rosf] dflg;x?sf dfq 3/ b]vfpg] u/]sf] s'/f xfn cfP/ dnfO yfxfeO/x]sf] 5 .
3/ef8fdf lnO;s]kl5 la:tf/} ;a} s'/fx? Joa:yf ldnfO;s]kl5 d}n] ;]6nfO6 6]lnlehg
hf]8gsf nflu sf];L; u/]+ . t/ oxfF xgf]O tyf xf] lr ldGx h:tf d'Vo zx/x?nfO{
5f8]/ ;]6nfO6 l6= le= hf]8gsf nflu lgs} nfdf] sfg"gL k|s[of / em´+l6nf]
ePsfn] d}n] 6]lnlehg hf]8g] s'/f dfof df/]/ :yfgLo 6]lnlehgaf6} sfd rnfO/xsf]
5' .
oxf+sf] :yfgLo 6]lnlehgdf cToGt ;sf/fTds ?kdf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx? EfO/xsf],
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf sfdx?, s[lifdf ;'wf/ tyf ljsf;, ko{6g ljsf;, /f]huf/d"ns
pBf]uwGbfx?sf] :yfkgf, b'/ ;+rf/sf] ;'ljwfdf ljsf; ePsf] h:tf s'/fx? x]g{ /
;'Gg kfOG5 .
d}n] g]kfn 5f8\bf b]zdf ;s+6sfn lyof] . d}n] g]kfndf sfd ug]{ If]q s0ff{nL c~rnsf
sflnsf]6 afx]ssf lhNnfx? lyP . hxf+ b'g} sf08, h'kmfn Po/kf]6{, xfd|} kl/ofhgfåf/f
lgld{t y'k|} k'nx?, ufp+ ljsf; ;ldltsf ejgx? Gfi6 kfl/Psf lyP . d]/f] sfof{no
g]kfnuGh Po/kf]6{ glhs} lyof] . hxf+ d grfxbf grfxb}+ ;of} nf;x? tyf 3fOt]x?nfO{
cf];f/k;f/ u/fPsf] / cfjt hfjt u/]sf] x]g'{ kb{Yof] . oL 36gfx?dWo] b}n]vsf]
gf}d'n] 36gfsf 3fOt] tyf d[tssf kl/jf/x?sf] /f]bg qmGbg d]/fnflu Hofb} Xbo ljbf/s
lyof] . d]/f] u[x lhNnf bf+ª t emg nueu dfcf]afbLx?sf] /fhwfgL h:t} eosf]
lyof] . hxfFaf6 clw/fHodf g} k|yd k6s zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf SofDkdf g} cfqmd0f
u/]/ y'k|} xltof/x? n'6]/ nluPsf] lyof] . k|To]s ls;fgx?nfO{ zf]ifs ;fdGtsf]
laNnf le8fpb} v]t v]taf6 lqv08Lsf] ?kdf wfgx? p7fOPsf] lyof] . h;df d]/f] kl/jf/
klg k/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnuGh tyf /fHosf nueu ;a}h;f] lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?df so"{
nflu/xGYof] .
o:tf] sf]nfxn / qf;bLk"0f{ jftfj/0f /x]sf] g]kfnaf6 leotgfddf cfpFbf d}n]
leGg s'/f jftfj/0fsf] dx;'; u/sf] 5' . hxf+ cToGt zfGt 5 . ;a} hgf cf -cfkmgf]
sfddf Ao:t 5g . /flt ca]/;DDf slkm ;kx?df /dfO/x]sf b]lvG5g . tkfO{ ca]/;Dd
dg nfu]sf] 7fpFdf cfjthfjt ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . s]6f s]6Lx?df s'g} e]befj lagf dhfn]
3'dL /x]sf] tyf cWoog cWofkg, tyf ljleGg k];fut sfddf nfu]sf 5g . oxf+ cem}
k|z:t} dfqfdf k|mfG; / rfOlgh k|efj b]Vg ;lsG5 . a]n'sfsf] vfgf ;a]/} vfP/ aflx/
sfkm] tyf sf/fjfsLdf hfg] rng 5 . Æsf/fjfsLÆ eGg] xfd|f] b]zdf ev{/}
v'n]sf / v'Nb} u/]sf uhn /]i6/]06;Fu t'ngf ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ oxfFsf Æsf/fjfsLÆ
jf/df tkfO{ cfkm} uLt ufpg ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO;Fu Tolt w]/} ;Lk cyf{t snf gePklg
km/s kb}{g . oxf+ cuf8L /flvPsf] dfOqmf]kmf]gdf tkfO{sf] :sf]/ dhfn] tkfO{n]
;f]r]eGbf dfly cfp+5 . olb tkfO s'zn uLtsf/ g} x'g'x'G5 eg] t tkfO{sf] :sf]/
;t k|ltzt g} cfpF5 . ;t k|ltzt :sf]/ cfPdf clg v';Lsf] If0f z'? x'G5 . To;kl5
rfDkmgrfd cyf{t ztk|ltzt lunf;df /flvPsf] lao/ jf /S;L Ps} zf;df lkpg' kb{5
. o;/L @-$ j6f rfDkmgrfd eO;s]kl5 aNn sf/fjfsLdf hfg'sf]dhf cfp+5 .
;fDoafbL /fhlglts Joa:yf / k"FhLafbL cfly{s ljsf;
leotgfd /fhgLlts ?kdf ;fDoafbL /fhlglts Joa:yf eosf] b]; xf] . oxfsf] zf;g Joa:Yff
k"0f{?kn] ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtdf cfwf/Lt 5 . s]lGb|o ;/sf/ , k|f]leoG;n cyf]/L6L
-If]lqo ;/sf/_ , lhNnf :t/Lo lgsfox? / sDo"gtxu/L hDdf # txdf laeflht u/Losf]
5 . sDo"g tx eGbf tNnf] lgsfodf s'g} ;+:yfut ?kdf /fhlglts ;+/rgf 5}g .
oxf+sf] sDo"g txdf g} ljleGg eft[ ;u+7gx?n] kf6L{åf/f ;~rflnt tyf
lgb]{lzt sDo"g cyf]/L6L tyf hg kl/ifbnfO{ ;/ ;Nnfx tyf cfaZos ;xof]u ug]{
sfd ub{5g . lo o:tf df; ;+7gx?n] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx?df ;xof]u, ;dfh sNof0fsf
sfdx? Tfyf kf6L{sf] k|rf/ k|;f/sf] sfdsf] lhDdf klg nufOPsf] x'G5 .
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