rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;Dd]ng b;+} dgfpg] Kofs]h 6';{ gagf];\
gf/fo0f kxf/L
cS6f]a/ !*, @))#
jiff}{+b]lv e"6fgdf a:b} cfPsf g]kfnLx? e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ eP/ k"jL{
g]kfndf cnkq eO/fv]sf 5g\ . s]lx jif{ klxnf cf;fd / d]3nfoaf6 bdg / cTofrf/n]
lj:yflkt tyf cGof]ndf k/]sf u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf] ;d:ofnfO{ sfgdf t]n xfnL sf7df8f}+df
olx c;f]h @$ ut] z'? ePsf] u}/cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ngnfO{ ljb]zL k"FhL
:jb]z lelqg] ;/sf/L xNnf slt;Dd ;do ;fk]lIfs x'g]5 Tof] t eljion] g} b]vfpnf
t/ clxn] ;Dd]ngsf] cf}lrTo dfly ljrf/ dGyg ug'{ ;fGble{s b]lvG5 .
s]xL ckjfb jfx]s nueu ;Dk"0f{ u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?sf] ljb]zdf cfly{s cj:yf
Pp6f bogLo g} dflgG5, Tof] rfx] ef/tdf xf];\ jf Tof] cd]l/sfdf . ljb]zdf sfdbf/sf]
nflu uPsf g]kfnLx?n] Go"g :t/df b}lgs hLjgofkg rnfO{ wg cfh{g u/]/ :jb]zdf
k7fpg' jf nufgL ug'{ t :jefljs xf] t/ Tolx a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?nfO{
Tolx b]zsf] Go"gtd cfwf/e"t hLjgofkg ug{ klg d'l:sn eO/fv]sf] a]nf
ToxfF wg ;l~rt u/L g]kfndf pBf]u rnfpg] ;kgf b]Vg' c:jefljs g} 7flgG5 . cfgf]
kf}/vaf6 cs't ;DklQ sdfO{ Jofkf/lt/ nfu]sf cf}+nfdf uGg ;lsg] s]lx u}/ cfjfl;o
g]kfnLx?nfO{ Tof] b]zsf] s/ tyf Jofkfl/s gLlt eGbf cfslif{s gLlt NofO{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] cfslif{t ug'{ eg]sf] k|fo c;Dej g} 5 . t/ ltg} g]kfnLx?nfO{ ljZj Jofkfl/s/0f
cjwf/0ff cGt/ut 7"nf 7"nf cGt/fli6"o cfsif{s pBf]ux?nfO{ g]kfn
leq\ofpg k|f]T;fxfg u/fpg'df eg] cjZo klg o'lQm ;+ut x'g]5 . To;sf] nflu eg]
u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLnfO{ dfq geO{ ljb]zL nufgLstf{sf] klg lrQ a'emfpg' ;/sf/sf]
;w} r'gf}ltk"0f{ sfd x'g]5 .
u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnLsf] cfly{s If]qdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ;a}eGbf
zlQmzfnL Ph]08f /fli6"otf tyf snf ;:+s[ltsf] efjgfnfO{ hfu/0f u/fpg ;s]df
x'g]5 . cfgf] klxnf] rnlrq g]kfnL xf] eGg g?rfpg] dlgiff sf]O/fnfb]lv
cd]l/sfdf k':ts rf]g]{ /fhb"t h:tf g]kfnLsf] afgL Joxf]/fdf kl/jt{g gcfP;Dd
g t u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?n] g} /fi6"sf] nflu s]lx of]ubfg k'/fpg ;S5g\ g
t ;/sf/n] g} . /fli6"otfsf] dof{bf tyf efjgfnfO{ pRr /fv]/ cfly{s If]qdf
k"Vof}{nL b]znfO{ pGglt ug{ u}/cfjf;Lo hfltx?df lrlgofF, ef/lto tyf O6nLsf
gful/sx? lgs} g} ;kmn dflgG5g\ . h'g b]zdf lrlgofF ef/lto tyf O6flnogx? k'U5g\
To; b]zdf ærfOgf 6fpgÆ æd;nf ahf/Æ tyf æln6n O6nLÆ
h:tf /fli6"otf emNsfpg] ahf/x? b]Vg kfOG5g\ . To:tf ahf/n] dfu tyf cfk"lt{sf]
lgod cg';f/ k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kdf k"Vof{}nL b]zsf] lgsf;L tyf k}7f/L
Aoj;fonfO{ dxTjk"0f{ :yfg lbPsf] x'G5 . t/ ckzf]rsf] s'/f k/Dk/fb]lv glhs}
l5d]sL d"ns ef/tsf 7"nf7"nf zx/df a:b} cfPsf nfvf}+ u}/ cfk|af;L
g]kfnLx?n] ;d]t s'g} s'g} lsl;daf6 dfly pNn]lvt /fli6"otf emNsfpg] cfly{s
ultljlw a9fpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfndf a:bf /fi6"sf] hlt u'gufg ufP klg ljb]zdf
u}/ cfjl;o g]kfnLx?n] JolQmut ?kdf hlt /fli6"otfsf] dfldnfdf ;zQm 5g\ Tolt
;f+u7flgs ?kdf 5}gg\ . u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?n] ;f+u7flgs 9Ëaf6 /fli6"otf
Pj+ snf ;:s[ltnfO{ cfly{s If]qdf ?kfGt/ ug{ ;s]df pgLx? klg ærfOgf 6fpgÆ
æd;nf ahf/Æ æln6n O6nLÆ h:t} æg]kfnL len]hÆ
agfP/ cufl8 a9\g ;Sg]5g\ . o;af6 u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLnfO{ g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;xof]u
dfq k'Ug] xf]Og g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nflu pQm b]zsf] ;/sf/;Fu cfly{s ultljlw cufl8
a9fpg d}qLk"0f{ 9f]sfx? ;d]t v'Ng]5g\ .
ef/t afx]s ci6"]lnof, j]nfot, Sofg8f, hd{g, cd]l/sf nufot cGo s/Lj #$ d"n'sdf
/x]sf u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?n] cfly{s ultljlw cufl8 a9fpbf g]kfnLsf] cl:dtf arfpg
klg plQs} cfjZos b]lvG5 . tL dWo] w]/} d"nsx?df leotgfdsf u}/ cfjfl;o leotgfdLx?n]
nfu" cf}ifwL Pj+ t:s/df tyf yfOn}08sf u}/ cfjfl;o yfO{x?n] of}g ahf/df
h;/L cfgf] ar{Zj /fv]sf 5g\ To:t} k|sf/n] /fi6"nfO{ g/fd|f] 5ljdf
ws]Ng] cfly{s ultljlwx? u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?n] klg eljiodf gu{nfg\ eGg ;lsb}g\
. lsgsL xfd|f] l5d]sL ef/tsf lbNnL tyf aDa} zx/df g]kfnL a]Zofj[lQ km}nfpgdf
u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLsf] klg 7"nf] xft /x]sf] kfOG5 . To;}n] cGo d"n'sx?df
a9\b} uPsf] u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnL rfknfO{ Wofgdf /fvL u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+u7g
tyf g]kfn ;/sf/ klg a]n}df o:tf s'/fdf ;hu x'g ;s]df g]kfnLx?sf] :jR5 5lanfO{
x/]s 7fpFdf arfpg ;lsG5 .
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf] cfly{s ultljlw :j]bzdf leq\ofpg ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL s"6g}lts
lgof]usf] e"ldsf klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . g]kfn u/La d"ns xf]
h;sf ljb]zl:yt lgof]ux? h:t} /fhb"tfjf; tyf dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf;x?n]
g]kfnL tyf u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnLx?nfO{ eg] h:tf] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sb}gg\ t/
ljb]zdf /fi6"sf] 9's'6L vr{ u/]/ ;]jf k'¥ofpg a;]sf g]kfnL sd{rf/Lx?sf]
g]kfndf g} /x] h:tf] u/L gftfafb, s[kfjfb tyf rfs8Ljfb h:tf czf]elgo k|j[tLx?
emNsbf s'g} klg :jfledfgL g]kfnL tyf u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLnfO{ ;X\o x'Fb}g\ . ljb]zdf
lgDg :t/sf] g]kfnL tyf u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLn] sfdn] g]kfnL lgof]usf] 9f]sf 9s9sfpFbf
gfs v'Drfpg] / ;/sf/L cf;]kf;]] g]kfnL 3'Dg Po/kf]6{ cfof] eg] klg k"mnsf
u'R5f 6qmofpg hfg] k/Dk/f cGt ul/g' k5{ . To:t} ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL lgof]ux? c?
h:t} eJo dxn agfP/ 78fpg k};f gk'Unf t/ lgof]udf k'Ug] ;fOgaf]8{ klg e'm08fpg
g;Sg] bl/b|tf eg] kSs} b]vfpg x'Gg .
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf] ;Dd]ngnfO{ b]zleq dfq ;Lldt gkf/L cfly{s ultljlw a9fpg]
p2]Zon] cfufdL jif{ cGo d"nsx?df klg cfof]hgf ug{ ;s]df cem /fd|f] x'G5
. To:t} b]zn] /fhg}lts lgsf; g} gkfPsf] 3l8df o:tf ;Dd]ng cfly{s ultljlwsf]
?kdf cfpFbf /fhg}lts ljjfbdf gk?g . cGTodf ljb]zsf] 1fg / cg'ej af]s]sf u}/cfjf;Lo
g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ngn] kfl/t u/fpg] sfo{qmdx? al9 eGbf al9 ;dfwfgd"vL agf];\
gls x/]s jif{ b;}+ dfq dgfpg 3/ kms{g] Kofs]h 6';{ .
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