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k'g Mo4lj/fd / zflGtjftf{df ;fdl/s kIfsf] e"ldsf s] /xg] eGg] ljifodf /fhwfgLdf æzflGt / ljsf;sf nflu gful/s ;dfhÆsf] cfof]hgfdf s]xL ;docl3 ;DkGg Ps lbg] ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf k"j{ d]h/ kf}8]nåf/f k|:t't sfo{kq h:tfsf] t:t} k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ .
pQm sfo{qmd ut c;f]h ( ut] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pxfFsf cltl/Qm 8f= ;'/]Gb| s]=;L=n] /fhgLlts kIfdf, k|f= lx/0onfn >]i7n] cGt/f{li6"o kIfdf tyf pBf]uklt /fh]Gb| v]tfgn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kIfdf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . d'n'ssf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kfGt/0f ub}{ jt{dfg ;d:ofsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf] nflu gful/s bafa l;h{gf ug]{ p2]Zon] ;f] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] / o;n] pNn]Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ cfzf /fv]sf] s'/f ;dfhsf ;+of]hs 8f= ;'Gb/dl0f bLlIftn] JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf k"j{= /fhb"tx?, ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?sf jl/i7 g]tfx?, k|fBfks, jlsn, a'l4hLjL nufot gful/s ;dfhdf bh{gf}+ JolQmx?n] cfkm\gf] hf]8 ;d:ofsf] zflGtk"0f{ lgsf; / ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fdf lbPsf lyP .

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hgcfGbf]ng @)$^ sf] /fhg}lts kl/jt{gkl5 klg /fHo;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf gcfPsf] dxz'; u/]/ /fHo ;Qfsf] g} u'0ffTds kl/jt{g ug]{ p2]Zon] e"ldut g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] @)%@ ;fnaf6 bL3{sflng hgo'4 z'? u/]kl5 g]kfndf b'O6f ;]gf, Pp6f zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf / csf]{ dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfsf] pkl:ylt x'g k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf Pp6f lgoldt ;]gf -regular army_ xf] . o;nfO{ /fHon] x/]s jif{ lglZrt ah]6 5'§ofO{ lgoldt vr{ ub{5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] z'?df ufpF3/af6 e?jf aGb"s hDdf u/L k'ln;;Fu le8Gt u/]/ #)# /fOkmn / To;kl5 ;]gf;Fu le8Gt u/]/ P;=Pn=cf/, Pn=Pd=hL h:tf xltof/x? klg sAhf u/L cfkm\gf] hg;]gfsf] zlQm la:tf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] cnfjf dfcf]jfbLx?n] ef/tLo dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xL ;+u7g;Fu clg l/d;Fusf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ klg :jLsf/ u/]sfn] pgLx?;Fu Ps]-$^ h:tf xftxltof/x? ePsf] klg ;'lgG5 . pgLx?sf] 6\oflS6; -tactic_ xfGg] / efUg] -Hit and Run_ xf] . xfnnfO{ pgLx?sf] tTsflng /0fgLlt ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfu ePsf] b]lvG5 . cGo b]zsf] ;z:q ;+u7gx? ln§] (LTTE)x'g of cfO=cf/=P=(IRA) x'g, pgLx? a]Un} klxrfgsf] nflu n8]sf 5g\ t/ g]kfnsf] a]Un} / ljz]if kl/l:yt 5 . oxfF c? b]zsf] ;z:q ljb|f]xLx?sf] s'/f u/]/ d]n vfFb}g .
g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx? Pp6f /fhg}lts Joj:yfsf nflu n8]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] p2]Zo k|fKtL geOsg xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ eg]sf] /fHon] k|z:t an k|of]u u/]/ pgLx?nfO{ x/fO xltof/ sAhf ug'{ xf] . To;}n] klxn] ls /fHon] hg;]gf lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f 5}g eg]/ lg/Gt/ o'4 n8L pgLx?sf] xltof/ sAhfdf lng ;Sg'kb{5 gq /fHon] aGb"s p7fpg'kg]{ sf/0fnfO{ dx;'; u5{ eg] To;sf] af/]df v'nf X[bon] 6]a'ndf a;]/ ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . /fHon] kl5Nnf] ljrf/af6 k]|l/t eP/ g} pgLx?;Fu b'O{ b'O{ k6s o'4lj/fd / jftf{ ul/;Sof] t/ lgisz{df k'Ug ;s]g . /fHo cfkm}+n] b[9tfk"j{s pgLx?;Fu 5nkmn ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . xfnsf] cj:yfdf /fhf;Fu g} /fhsLo ;Qf ePsf]n] df};'km :jo+n] g} pgLx?;Fu :ki6 ?kdf 5nkmn ul/aS;]df ;d:ofsf lgsf; cfpg ;S5 / To;kl5 dfq xftxltof/ Joj:yfkg af/] s]xL ;f]Rg ;lsG5 . of] /fHonfO{ ;}lgs lgoGq0f (military control)_, ;}lgs ;jf]{Rrtf (military supremacy), ;}lgs g]t[Tj (Military Leadership) df /fVg] ls l;lelnog lgoGq0f (Civilian Control), l;lelnog g]t[Tj (Civilian leadership) l;lelnog ;jf]{Rrtf (Civilian Supremacy) df /fVg] xf] clg /fHonfO{ ;]gfsf] k|ToIf lgoGq0f lbg] ls sfg"gL zf;g -Rule of Law)nfO{ dfg]/ /fHonfO{ ;]gfsf] ck|ToIf lgoGq0f lbg] ;fy} ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf zlQmzfnL c0f'adeGbf klg alnof] xfd|f] dl:tisnfO{ aGb"ssf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg] ls aGb"sn] To;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ clxn]sf] HjnGt k|Zg g} oxL xf] .

;d:ofsf] d"n sf/0f / d"n lgsf;

/fHo Pp6f bdgsf/L oGq xf] . (State is unit of coercion) /fHosf] /fhsLo ;Qf -;}Go clwsf/_ dfkm{t\ s'g} klg zf;sn] To; /fHonfO{ zf;g ub{5 . /fHo Pp6f lgoGq0f Joj:yfdf rn]sf] x'G5 . To;nfO{ /fHo lgoGq0f Joj:yf (state control syste_ elgG5 . ;lqmo /fhtGqdf /fHo /fhfk|lt jkfmfbf/ (loyal) ;]gfsf] k|ToIf lgoGq0fdf rn]sf] x'G5 eg] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq tyf u0ftGqdf /fi6"k|lt jkmfbf/ ;]gfsf] ck|ToIf lgoGq0fdf rn]sf] x'G5 . ;dfhnfO{ g]tfsf] cfjZostf x'G5 eg] h:t} /fHonfO{ klg lglZrt g]t[Tj rflxG5 . /fHosf] lgoGq0f Joj:yf eg]sf] ;fZjt s'/f xf] To;}n] /fHo ls dgf]lgt g]t[Tjsf] :ki6 af6f]df lx+8g'kb{5 of lgjf{lrt g]t[Tjsf] af6f]df lx+8g'kb{5 . o;nfO{ cem :ki6 eGg' kbf{ /fHosf] /fhsLo ;Qf -;}Go clwsf/_ ls dgf]lgt g]t[Tjsf] xftdf x'g'kb{5 ls lgjf{lrt g]t[Tjsf] xftdf x'g'kb{5 . olb /fHosf] /fhsLo ;Qfsf] clwsf/df c:ki6tf eof] eg] /fHo cfkm\gf] nLs alfx/ -out of track_ hfG5 / hlxn] klg b'3{6gfk"0f{ hLjg -accidental life_ sf] ;+3f/df pleG5 . clg /fHo hlxn] klg vt/fdf /xG5 / To;sf] cl:tTj s'g} klg a]nf nf]k x'g ;Sb5 . g]kfn clxn] Tof] Oltxf;sf] cToGt vt/gfs 38Laf6 u'lh|/fv]sf] 5 . Pp6f ;r]t gful/ssf] nflu of] cToGt} lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] .
g]kfnsf] b'ef{Uo s] 5 eg] /fhg]tfx? kf6L{ut lgi7feGbf dfly p7\g ;s]gg\ . /fhg]tfx?sf] t b]zk|lt lgi7f x'g'kb{5 . b]z xfFSg vf]Hg] xf] eg] cfkm\gf] xftdf b]z rnfpg] 808f /fhsLo ;Qf -;}Go clwsf/_ 5 ls 5}g Tof] s'/f;Fu klxnf :ki6 x'g'kb{5 . s'g} klg /fHosf] g]t[Tj k|f]km];/ h:tf] sndn] zf;g ug]{ xf]Og p;sf] xftdf /fhsLo ;Qf 5}g eg] p /fi6"sf] g]t[Tjsf] nflu Ps ;]s]08 klg of]Uo x'Fb}g . /fi6";Fu v]njf8 ug]{ clwsf/ s'g} klg g]t[TjnfO{ x'Fb}g . / of] /fi6"sf] cl:tTj;Fu ufFl;Psf] s'/f xf] . ev{/ Ps hgff Kofn]i6LgL k|wfgdGqL dxDd'b cAaf;n] eg] ls dnfO{ ls /fhsLo ;Qf -;}Go clwsf/_ lbOof];\ ls dnfO{ kbd'Qm ul/of];\ . /fhsLo ;Qf glbPkl5 pgL kbd'Qm eP . /fhg]tfsf] /fi6"k|ltsf] lgi7f To:tf] x'g'kb{5 . g]kfnsf /fhg]tfx?n] /fhg}lts sd{rf/L aGg] ls ;Rrf lgi7f ePsf] /fhg]tf aGg] < tL dWo] Pp6f s'/fnfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfn zfxa+zsf clåtLo /fhf >L % a8fdxf/fhflw/fh k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] ;fgf ;fgf /fHo lhlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] d'n's xf] . To;}n] zfxj+z;Fu g]kfnL hgtfsf] Pp6f gªdf;'sf] h:t} k|uf9 ;DaGw 5 . xfdL g]kfnLx? lelq x[bob]lv g} zfxa+znfO{ ;Ddflgt ;+:yfsf] ?kdf afFlr/xf];\ eGg] rfxG5f}+ / x/lbg Tof] sfdgf klg ub{5f}+ . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg /fhfsf] g]t[Tj / lgoGq0f Joj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf :ki6 ?kdf j}1flgs ;TonfO{ 3fd hlQs} 5n{ª kfl/lbg' Pp6f ;r]t gful/ssf] st{Jo xf] . Pp6f gful/sn] k/]sf] a]nf cfkm\gf ;Ddflgt cleefjs /fhfnfO{ lgikIf ?kdf /fi6"sf] lxt ;f]r]/ plrt ;Nnfx klg lbg ;Sg'kb{5 . To;}n] Pp6f gful/ssf] ?kdf xfdL xfd|f ;Ddflgt /fhfnfO{ s] eGg rfxG5f}+ eg] ls t dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 ;lqmo /fhtGq dfkm{t\ /fhsLo ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnP/ of] /fHonfO{ cfkm\gf] k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf lgn'kb{5 of @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq eP/ a;L /fHosf] k'/f lgoGq0f lgjf{lrt g]t[TjnfO{ ;'lDkaS;g'kb{5 . lsgeg] /fHonfO{ zf;g rflxG5 gq oxfF ljb]zL cfP/ zf;g u5{g\ . Toltv]/ xfdL afFr]/ klg d/] t'No x'g]5f}+ . To;}n] g]kfn /fHo cfkm\gf] lgoGq0f Joj:yfdf ;':ki6 x'g] s'/f cfh cToGt dxTjk"0f{ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . of] ;fZjt s6' ;Toaf6 sf]xL klg cgle1 x'g ldNb}g . Pp6f gful/ssf] nflu p;sf] /fi6" d'6'eGbf Kof/f] x'G5 . To;}n] /fi6" hf]ufpgsf nflu cfjZos Tofu ;a}n] ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
;lqmo /fhtGqdf /fhf eg]sf] ;]gfsf] ;lqmo lgoldt ;'lk|d sdf08/ -Active regular military supreme commander) xf] . /fhfn] g} ;]gfsf] k|ToIf sdf08 ug]{ ePsf]n] /fi6"k|d'v;Fu g} ;]gfsf] k|ToIf k|d'v x'g] rng ;lqmo /fhtGqdf x'G5 . t/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf /fhfsf] e"ldsf eg]sf] lgliqmo ;'lk|d sdf08/ -Passive military supreme commander) xf] . To;}n] ;lqmo /fhtGqdf /fhf /fHosf] anaf6 :yflkt Pstfsf] k|lts -symbol of integration by force) x'G5 eg] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf /fh;+:yf hgtfsf] cf:yfaf6 :yflkt Pstfsf] k|lts (symbol of integration by faith) x'G5 . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf /fhf ;]gfsf] ;lqmo lglodt ;'lk|d sdf08/ gx'g] ePsf]n] /fHon] k/d;]gflwklt Pp6f ;Ddfgsf] nflu dfq lbPsf] x'G5 . ;+j}wflgs /fhfnfO{ c? k|wfgdGqLeGbf km/s / dof{lbt agfpg /fli6"o rf8kj{df k/Dk/fut 8"]; nufpg] cg'dlt lbPsf] x'G5 . ;]gfsf] k|ToIf sdf08 gug]{ ePsf]n] ;]gfsf] lgoldt sDAof6 8"]; / xltof/k|lt eg] ;+j}wflgs /fhfnfO{ /fHon] clwsf/ lbPsf] x'Fb}g . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf /fhfnfO{ Tof] clwsf/ ePdf /fHosf] lgoGq0f Joj:yfdf cfFr cfpF5, h;n] ubf{ /fHon] Pp6f b'3{6gfk"0f{ hLjg lhpg afWo x'g'kb{5 . g]kfnsf] /fhsfhdf of] s'/fsf] :ki6 ;dembf/L ePdf oxfF ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg cyjf ;+ljwfg ;ef s]xL klg ug'{kb}{g . ;+ljwfgn] Pp6f hLjgk2tLnfO{ c;/ kfg{ ;Sg'kb{5 . clg dfq Tof] hLjGt x'G5 . gq s'g} klg ;+ljwfg sfuhsf] vf]:6f]sf] ?kdf kl/0ft x'G5 . ;+:s[lt eGg] s'/f hlxn] klg dflyaf6 tn x:tfGt/0f x'g] s'/f xf] . dfcf]jfbL ljrf/;Fu oxfF s;}sf] b'ZdgL 5}g . ;d:of t pgLx?n] nufPsf] sDAof6 8]"; / le/]sf] xltof/ g} xf] . To;}n] /fhfb]lv dfcf]jfbL ;a}n] s] a'em\g' h?/L 5 eg] ;]gfn] nufpg] lgoldt sDAof6 8"]; / xltof/ b/af/ h+undf a:g]n] nufpg] xf]Og . of] t Pp6f lglZrt lgoddf afFlwPsf] cg'zfl;t kmf}h a:g] Aof/]sdf dfq nufpg] / leg]{ s'/f xf] . clxn]sf] /fli6"o ;d:ofsf] d'Vo sf/0f klg oxL xf] .
/fhgLlt zlQmsf] nflu xf] . /fHosf] bdgsf/L cj:yfdf km]/abn eP/ /fHo lgoGq0f Joj:yfdf km/s cfPkl5 qmflGt eg]sf] g} ToxL xf]Og / < To;kl5 klg dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfkm\gf] xltof/ /fi6"nfO{ a'emfPgg\ eg] pgLx?n] /fhgLlt ga'e]msf] g} 7x5{ . clg pgLx?nfO{ /fHon] cfkm\gf] lgoGq0f Joj:yf dfkm{t\ k"0f{tM lgoGq0fdf lng' /fHosf] ;fdfGo bfloTj cGt/ut g} kb{5 . Toltv]/ o'4lj/fd / zflGtjftf{ eGg] s'/f uf}0f x'g hfG5 . /fHon] cfkm\gf] lj?4 xltof/ p7fpg] ljv08gsf/Lx?;Fu ;Demf}tf cyjf jftf{ ug]{ eGg] s'/fsf s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g .

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cfh g]kfndf ;a} gful/snfO{ s] 8/ 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLx? hgtfnfO{ alnof] agfpg] Joj:yfk|lt OdfGbf/ 5}gg\ . pgLx?n] df}sf kfP eg] nfn;]gf -Red army_ lgolGqt clwgfosjfbL zf;gJoj:yf ha/h:tL nflbxfN5g\ . pgLx?sf] zf;gdf aGb"s h:tf] lghL{j s'/fn] dfG5] h:tf] ;+;f/s} c0f'adeGbf klg zlQmzfnL dlit:s ePsf] ;hLj k|f0fLnfO{ zf;g u5{ eg]/ dflg;x? ljZjf; ub{5g\ . Tof] ljZjf;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] ljzfn 5ftL hg;dIf b]vfP/ x6fpg ;Sg'kb{5 . dfcf]jfbLx? ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGqh:tf /fhg}lts zAbx?;Fu klg c5'tf] dt /fVb5g\ . /fhgLltdf d'Vo s'/f zlQm xf] . Tof] kfPkl5 ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGqeGg] zAbn] pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] nIodf k'Ug s] cK7]/f] kfb{5 < g]kfn zfxj+zn] PsLs/0f u/]sf] d'n's xf] . To;}n] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf hlt;'s} qmflGtsf/L ePklg g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 kl/l:yltnfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] dgg ug'{ h?/L 5 .
sfn{ dfS;{n] k/Dk/fut ;]gf lgolGqt /fHonfO{ jfb / k|ltjfbsf] ?kdf nfn;]gf lgolGqt /fHosf] sNkgf u/]sf x'g\ . Toltv]/sf] cljsl;t / clzlIft ;dfhsf] nflu Psxb;Dd Psflwsf/jfbL zf;g rflxg] ePsf]n] Tof] 7Ls} klg xf]nf . /fhtGq klg To;/L g} ;dfh lgoGq0fsf] nflu P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf eP/ g} ;dfhdf hGd lnPsf] zf;gJoj:yf xf] . km]/L x/]s s'/f /fHosf] ljlzi6 l:yltnfO{ x]/]/ klg x'G5 . xfd|f] h:tf] b'O{ 9'+ufsf] t?n /fi6"df nfn;]gfnfO{ ljrf/sf] h+uL kvf{nsf] ?kdf /fVg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'Fb}g .
dfS;{n] klg pgsf] ju{ ;+3if{sf] gLlt pxL 8fla{gsf] afFRgsf] nflu ;+3if{ / hf] of]Uo 5 ToxL afFRb5 eGg] ljrf/af6 lnPsf x'g\ . s'g} klg s'/f ;a} cj:yf / ;dosf] nflu ;fZjt x'Fb}g . olb ;dfhnfO{ s;}n] aGb"saf6 lgoGq0f u/]sf] 5 eg] To;sf] lj?4 aGb"s p7fpg' / ;dfhnfO{ j}/efj (antagonism) df nfg' Ps xb;Dd 7Ls} xf]nf . t/ aGb"ssf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ePkl5 t Tof] ;dfh :jefjtM k|lt:kwf{df hfG5 . To;}n] j}/efj / k|ltikwf{ eg]sf] Ps} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f x'g . 8faL{gsf] l;4fGt klg oxL xf] .
dfgf}+ ls xfdL of] sfo{qmddf ;o hgf dflg; 5f}+ . cflv/ /fi6" eg]sf] hgtf g} xf] . o;nfO{ ;fgf] /fi6"sf ?kdf dfgf}+ . olb of] /fi6"nfO{ s;}n] aGb"sn] lgoGq0f u/]sf] 5}g eg] xfdLn] lsg aGb"s p7fpg'k¥of] < ;o hgf dflg;dWo] c;L hgf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ax'dt of] ;fgf] /fi6"df 5 eg] Tof] aL; hgf rSs' klg gePsf dflg;x?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ / qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ nfu" ug{ lsg aGb"s rflxof] <
;]gf eg]sf] Pp6f Joj:yf -order_ df rNg] c/fhgLlts ;+:yf xf] . ljrf/h:tf] cd"t{ s'/fnfO{ ;'/Iff ug]{ lgsfo ;]gf xf]Og a? Pp6f hLjGt /fi6"sf] ;fj{ef}lds;Qf / ef}uf}lns cv08tfnfO{ ;'/Iff ug]{ kljq ;+:yf xf] .
ljrf/nfO{ h+uL kvf{nn] 5]s]/ 5]Sg ;Sg] s'/f xf]Og . of] t dfgj h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn / tfls{s k|f0fLsf] dl:tisdf :jtGq?kdf rnv]n ug]{ cd"t{ s'/f xf] . To;}n] ;]gf s'g} cd"s JolQm kl/jf/ jf ljrf/af6 n]z kf6L{sf] /Iffsf] nflu x'g ;Sb}g . of] t ;d:t /fi6"sf] nflu c/fhgLlts ;+:yfsf] ?kdf /xg'kb{5 . klxnfsf] ;f]leot ?kdf of] x'g g;Sbvf cflv/ b]z g} 6'lqmP/ uof] . To;}u/L /fhf nf]lsk|o ePsf] b]zdf klg ;dosf] dfu cg';f/ /fHosf] lgoGq0f Jo:yfdf cyf{t /fhfk|lt jkmfbf/ ;]gfnfO{ /fi6"k|lt jkmfbf/ ;]gfdf zflGtk"0f{ ?kfGt/0f ug{ g;Sbf w]/} /fh;+:yfx? Oltxf;sf] ue{df ljlng x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg kf6L{ut lgi7faf6 dfly p7L /fi6"k|ltsf] lgi7fdf ;dlk{t x'g h?/L 5 . dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfnfO{ o;sf] ljsNksf] ?kdf af]8{/ ;]So'6L{ kmf];{, ;z:q k'ln; / g]kfn k'ln;df ufEg ;lsG5 . of] /fhgLlt kIfsf] lg?k0f;Fu} ;dfwfg x'g] ljifo klg xf] . o;}n] g]kfndf Pp6f l:y/ /fhgLlts Joj:yfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu lglZrt Jo:yfdf rNg] /fli6"o ;]gfsf] ljsNk 5}g / g]kfnsf] nflu @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dxfg ;To g} oxL xf] eg]/ eGbf cltzof]lQm gxf]nf .
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