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clVtof/n] c;xof]u lsg eg]sf]
k'ik/fh k/fh'nL
gf]e]Dj/ @@, @))#
xfn} /fhwfgLaf6 k|sflzt Ps b}lgsn] cfgf] ;DkfbsLodf clVtof/nfO{ r'gf}tL
eGg] zLif{s lbP/ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;xdxfdGqL Pj+ k"j{u[x dGqL uf]ljGb/fh
hf]zLn] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ;dIf aofg glbP/ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]unfO{ r'g}flt lb+bf s]lx dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx? p7]sf 5g\ eg]/ g]kfnL hgtfsf]
Wofg cfs[i6 u/fOPsf] /x]5 .
ToxFf p7fOPsf k|Zgx? ;fRrL g} uDeL/ 5g\ . Tof] ;DkfbsLo k9\bf l:ylt cem uDeL/
dx;'; ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf e|i6rf/sf] dfqf lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] cfjfh p7g yfn]kl5
e|i6rf/ lgoGq0f ug{ Pp6f zlQmzfnL cfof]usf] h?/t kb{5 egL ;+;bn] zlQmzfnL clVtof/
b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] P]g lgdf{0f u/\of] . of] P]g lgdf{0f ug'{sf] dg;fo
clVtof/ b"?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{ zlQmzfnL agfpg' xf] t/ To;nfO{ :j]R5frf/L
agfpg' lglZrt xf]Og . g]kfndf sfg"gsf] zf;g 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg cem} k|dfl0ft
ug'{ xf] . s]lx lbg cuf8L g]kfnsf nflu j[l6; /fhb't Mr.
Keith George Bloomfield n] klg clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] sf/jfxL
ub{f s] k|s[of k'/f u/]s]f 5 < egL k|Zg p7fpg' ePsf] lyof] . lsg eg] xf]nf
eg] k|hftGq eg]sf] sfg"gsf] zf;g xf] . clxn] uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLdflysf] sf/jfxLsf]
qmddf of] k|Zg cem Hofb} p7b} uPsf] 5 . o; ljifodf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]u ;+j]bgzLn eP/ cem hgtf aLr kf/bzL{ x'g' h?/L 5 . cGoyf o:tf] sf/jfxLdf
k"jf{u|xL / ljZj;lgotf sd x'b} hfG5 .
o; ljifodf ljz]if cbfntsf] Ohnf; ;dIf cfkm\gf] d'4fdf jx; ub{f hf]zLn] p7fpg'
ePsf] s'/fx?df Wofg hfg' cfjZos 5 . jx;sf] qmddf pxfFn] eGg'eof], ljz]if cbfntdf
pxFfn] jofg glbg'sf] sf/0f æg]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$&, cg';f/
jofg ub{f d}n] sfg"g Joj;foLsf] k/fdz{ lng kfpg' kb{5 . clVtof/ b'?kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]un] dnfO{ pkl:y x'g] ;'rgf k7fpg' cl3 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]u P]gsf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ s] s'/fdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{
cfz+sf eof] lnlvt k|i6Ls/0f dfUg' kg]{df Tof] dfluPsf] 5}g . csf]{ dxTjk"0f{
s'/f jt{dfg P]g @)%* .$.#) ut] nfu" ePsf] 5 . t/ d uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL @)%*
.@ . * ut] b]lv ;fj{hlgs kbdf 5}g . kl5 ag]sf] P]gn] kfZrftbzL{ x'g] u/L cl3sf]
ljifodf sf/jfxL ug{ ldNb}g cflb ljifox? p7fO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf l/6 lgjb]g lbPsf]
x'Fbf To;sf] 6'Ëf] gnfUbf;Dd d]/} lj?4 d}n] lbPsf] l/6df k|lts'n c;/ kg]{
u/L dnfO{ jofg lng' x'b}g / d}n] jofg lbg ldNb}g eGg' ePsf] /x]5 . cs]f{ s'/f
dnfO{ cf/]flkt ul/Psf] ;DklQ 5fgljg cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg dnfO{ ;Ssn b]vfOof];\
/ d]/f] ;DkQL ;fj{hlgs ul/of];\ ;d]t eGg' ePsf] 5 . oL ljifox?df cfof]un] jf:tf
gu/]sf] x'Fbf d}n] jofg lbg c;dy{ ePF eGg' ePsf] lyof] . eg] xfn clVtof/ b'?kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]u dfly cfkm\gf] cljZjf; klg b]vfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxFfn] jx;sf qmddf
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] d]/f] 3/df k|j]z ub{fb]lv vfgtnf;L ubf{ k"0f{tof
sfg"g ldlrPsf] 5 . ljxfg} % M#) jh] 3/ leq k|j]z u/L vfgtnf;Ldf ;j} sfg'g
k|s[of pNn+3g u/L 3/ k|j]z ubf{ d'r'Nsfdf x:tfIf/ u/ eGg' sxFf;Ddsf] sfg"gL
k|s[of xf] . o:tf] ;+:yfk|lt d]/f] ljZjf; 5}g . o;/L clVtof/n] sfg"gL cft+s
dRrfPsf] 5 . eGg] cf/f]k ;d]t pxFfn] nufpg' ePsf] 5 .Æ ;fRrL g} oL cf/f]kx?
cToGt uDeL/ 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf cfkm\gf] lj?4 s;}nfO{ klg :j]R5fn] jfx]s
s;}nfO{ klg jofg lbg s/ nufOg] 5}g . eGg] :k:6 Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf jofg gu/]s}
cfwf/df gs;}nfO{ bf]zL 7x/ ug{ ldNb5 g s;}n] pGd'QmL kfpFb5 cGo k|df0fx?n] k'i6L
u/]sf cfwf/df bf]zL 7xg]{ g7xg]{ x'G5 . To;df s;}s]f b'Odt x'Fb}g . clxn] ;DklQ
5fgljg cfof]u / clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd sf/jfxLdf w]/} k|Zg
p7g yfn]sf] 5g\ . ;fRrL g} h;sf] jf/]df h'g k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df sf/jfxL x'b}5
. To;}n] Tof] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs x]f;\ eGbf p;nfO{ klg gb]vfOPsf] xf] eg] To:tf
sf/jfxLjf6 Gofo lbof}+ eGg ldNb}g . k|:t't d'4fdf k|ltjfbL n] g} k|df0f k'/\ofpg'
kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . hf]zL cfkm}n] jofg lbg' kg]{ xf] . lsg jofg lbg' ePg . Tof]
r'gf}tL dfq xf] eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . ;kmfO lng' kg]{ JoQmLn] lsg jofg lbg lxrlsrfxft
u/L /fv]sf] xf] . uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL ljut s]lx ;do b]lv ljleGg dfWodx?df cfk\mgf]
;DkQL ;fj{hlgs ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 . clVtof/ kl/;/df kqsf/x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] s'/f
eGg' x'G5 . ljz]if cbfntdf jx; ub{f pxFfn] cfkm\gf] s'/f /fVg' ePsf] 5 . ljz]if
cbfntdf jx; ub{f ;/sf/L jsLnn] eGg' eof], oxfF eg]sf] s'/f clVtof/df lsg eGg'
x'Gg < hjfkmdf hf]zLn] cfof]unfO{ cToGt uDeL/ cf/f]k nufpg' eof], d]/f] ;DdlQ
d}n] r9g] df]6/ cfof]un] d lhDdf 5 egL e/kfO{ u/fO{ hj/h:tL /fv]sf] 5 . obL
d}n] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf k]z u/sf] s'g} k|df0f hj/h:tL e/kfO{
dnfO{ glbO{ RoftL xfdLnfO{ lbg' ePsf] 5}g eGbf eg] km]/L d}n] sfxFf vf]Hg hfg]
o;}n] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u b]zdf sfg"gL cft+s km}nfO{ /x]sf]
5 . oL uDeL/ cf/f]ksf] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] lsg hjfkm lbg ;s]sf]
5}g . Æ cfof]u r'k nfu]/ j:bf o;df ;Totf 5}g eGg ldNb}g .
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] k|To]s gful/ssf] ;DkQL ;DjGwL clwsf/nfO{
Uof/]G6L u/]sf] 5 . olb clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cof]un] pxFFfsf] df]6/ pxFfsf]
lhDdf /fv]sf] e/kfO{ u/fO{ hj/h:tL /fv]sf] eP o;nfO{ sfg'gL 8s}t eGg' cTo'QmL
xF'b}g . obL o:tf] xf]Og eg] pxFfsf] 3/ vfgtnf;L lnbfsf] d'r'Nsf lsg ;fj{hlgs
ub}{g . g]kfnL hgtfx? of] s'/f hfGg rfxG5g\ . of] hfGg g]kfnLx?sf] clwsf/ klg
xf] . o:tf] xf] eg] pxFfn] dfq xf]Og of] ;+:yfk|lt ;j}sf] cf:yf sd x'b} hfg]5
.
Pp6f z+sfsf] s'/f eg] p7g yfn]s]f 5 pxfF cfkm}n] eGg' ePsf] 5 pxFf ljleGg dGqfnodf
* jif{ dGqL x'g' eof] . pxFfn] cs't ;DdlQ sfFxfaf6 sdfpg' eof] . xfjfdf t sdfpg'
ePg xf]nf . s'g dGqfnosf] s'g of]hgfdf slt sdfpg' eP5 . Tof] clVtof/n] lsg eGg
;ls/fv]sf] 5}g . of] eGbf cuf8L c?nfO{ sf/jfxL ubf{ t o:tf s'/f eGg] u/]sf]
xfdLn] ;'g]sf lyof}+ . hf]zLhL / k|d'v cfo'QmhL Ps} lt/sf] x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 eGg]
;'Gg kfOof] . To;}n] dfoFf ug'{ ePsf] xf] sL < s'g a}+ssf] vftfdf slt k};f
/x]5 . ns/ /x]5 ls /xg5 . x'b} gePsf] ns/ aGb ug]{ eg] cfb]z kSs} lbPsf] xf]Og
x]fnf . ns/df slt ;'grfFbL uxgf km]nf k/] . 3/ vfgtnf;L ubf{ s] s] km]nf k/\of]
. 3/ 38]/Lsf] hUuf hldg slt /x]5 . ;j} ;fj{hlgs ul/ lbP g]kfnL hgtfsf] lrQ a'emg]
lyof] . xf]Og cfh;Dd s]lx km]nf k/]sf] 5}g . eg] cfh 8]9 dlxgf;Dd klg s]lx km]nf
gkfg]{ clVtof/n] slxn] km]nf kfb{5 < lt s'/fsf] klg hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L lbFbf
/fd|f] x'GYof] . cfh;Dd pxfF ;a} 8]/f u/]/ a;]sf dflg;x?nfO{ jf]nfO{ of] 3/
agfpg hf]zLhLn] ?k}of lbg' ePs]f lyof], 3/ pxfFsf] xf] egL lbg'xf];\ tkfO{nfO{
s]lx x'b}g elgG5 . eGg] ;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 . of] xf] eg] of] eGbf lgrtf lzjfo c?
s]]xL xf]Og .
obL oL ;a} s'/fsf] hjfkm ;fj{hlgs ?kdf lbg g;s] ;DkQL 5fgljg cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg
;fj{hlgs gug]{ ;fRrL g} /fhwfgL b}lgsn] cfkm\gf] ;DkfbsLodf p7fPsf] ;DkQL 5fgljg
cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg s]jn ljlzi6 gful/sx?sf] dfgdb{g / j]OHhQL ug]{ pb]Zoaf6 k|]l/t
5 eGg] s'/f k|df0fLt x'g]5 . clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uk|lt uf]ljGb/fh
hf]zLn] p7fpg' ePsf] z+sf :jefljs dflgg] 5 . o:tf ljifodf ;a} g]kfnL gful/s
;r]t x'g' :jefljs x'G5 . olb lgota; x]fOg eGg] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]
;do 5fGg ;s]sf] xf]Og cfof]un] lsg klxn] lbPsf] Dofb ;dfKt x'gf ;fy lu/tf/
u/]/ sf/jfxL ug'{ kb{Yof] . olb ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nf kv{g' kb{Yof] . o:tf]
;+of]hs k/]sf] klg x'g ;Sb5 . cfGbf]ng sf] s'/f p7g' / clVtof/ tfTg' Pp6} ;do
x'b} cfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;xof]u dfq eGg ldNb}g .
h]xf];\ cfh sf]xL klg e|i6frf/sf] s;'/df s;}nfO{ sf/jfxL gxf];\ eGb}g . xfdLn]
sfg"gsf] zf;g eGg] xfd|f] d'n'sdf sfg"gsf] k"0f{tof kfng x'g'
kb{5 . ;o hgf ck/fwL 5'6g' t/ Pp6f lg/ck/fwL dflg; gk/f];\ eGg] sfg"gL
l;4fGt 5 . lglZrt klg gvfPsf] ljif nfUb}g . ;DkfbsLodf l7s} n]lvPsf] 5 . t/
Pp6f dflg; h]ndf a;]/ cbfnt dfly e/f];f ub}{ cbfntsf] km};nf kvL{ /x]sf] 5 .
cbfnt cfkm}n] cu|flwsf/ lbPsf] d'4f olt l9nf] u/]/ cbfntdf d:t lgb|fdf ;'Tgx'b}g
. gful/ssf] xssf ;DjGwdf ;j} ;Dd]bgzLn x'g' kb{5 . cfh hf]zLnfO{ dsf{ k/]sf]
5 . pxFFfnfO{ ef]nL s] xf]nf ;DalGwt lgsfon] hfGnf . t/ rf/} lt/ pxfFn] cfkm\gf
c8fgx? /fVg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] k5f8L k|]; hut b}f8L /x]s]f 5 . obL dfyL p7fOPsf
ljifox? ;fFrf x'g eg] ;fdfGo dflg;sf] cj:yf s] xf]nf o;df sf] ;Dj]bgzLn x'g]
xf] ljifo Tolt g} uDeL/ ag]sf] 5 .
- n]vsM g]kfn t?0f bnsf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj x'g'x'G5 . _
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