rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
b]zdf ;fd'lxs efjgfsf] vfFrf]
z]v/ 9'+u]n
gf]e]Da/ @$, @))#
k|hftGq xf];\ t g]kfnsf] h:tf] æhxfF lhDd]jf/L gf:tL efF8 e}nf]sf] ;f:tLÆ
. k|hftGqsf] d"n dd{ JolQmut cleJolQm / k|sfzg :jtGqtf g} xf] Sof/ . c;f]h
!* kl5 t b]zdf cu|udg g} cu|udgsf s[ofsnfk eO/fv]sf 5g\ .
g]tfx? o;sf] ;a} lhDd]jf/L / bf]if hlt /fhfsf] 6fpsf]df xfnL :jtGq eP/ ;8sdf
gfr]sf gfRo} 5g\ .
k|ltudgsf] /fhdfu{ lul/hfn] )%! ;fndf ax'dt ;/sf/ eTsfP/ v'nfPsf x'g\, e§/fO{,
g]kfn aGw'x? h'n'; ;lxt b/jf/ uP/ lul/hfsf] dWofjlw l;kmfl/; /f]Sg' k¥of]
egL k|ltudgsf] pb\3f6g ug{ lgDtf] lbPs} x'g\ . ebf} !@ sf] ;jf]{Rrsf] km};nf
/ lzIf0f c:ktfn k'uL lul/hfn] 6LeLdfkm{t\ dgdf]xgaf6 ;Qf k'm:sfO{ k|ltudgnfO{
xF;fPs} x'g\ .
$* hgfsf] dlGqd08n, ;'/f, ;'Gb/L, k|f8f], kh]/f]n] k|ltudgsf] ;jf/L u/fPs} x'g\
. Pdfn], sf+u|];, km'6\g] hf]l8g] gfr x]g{ k|ltudgnfO{ af]nfOPs} xf] .
@)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] efjgf ljkl/t rGb, yfkfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpFbf e/t u'?ª,
8LjL nfdf, eLdk|;fb uf}rgnfO{ /ftf] sfk]{6 lj5\ofpFbf k|ltudg gb]Vg]x? lsg cfh
k|ltudg elg/fv]sf 5g\ <
!* c;f]h t k|ltudgsf] cGt / cu|ufdL km8\sf] dfg]{ z'?cft dfq xf] . b]zdf ca
;bfsf nflu /fhg}lts clglZrtf cGt x'Fb}5 . cw}o{ lsg x'g] <
æaf]sfn] bfOF u/]/ x'GgÆ eGg] syg !# jif{n] k|dfl0ft ul/;Sof] ca
s]sf] k|ltudg < s]sf] cfGbf]ng <
dflkmofsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ v'daxfb'/, pka'h{'UofFO{ ug]{ g/xl/ cfrfo{, 4}b efiff
af]Ng] /fdrGb| kf}8]n, /f]bg, qmGbg ug]{ g]kfn aGw'x? g}lts an gePsf b]pjf -k|ltudgsf
k'hf/L_n] ;Qfsf] afu8f]/ kfP k|hftGq l6Sg] < b]z aGg] < xf==xf==xf== ca
t aRrfn] klg ljZjf; ub}{g . To;}sf] glthf xf] c;f]h !* sf] cu|udg sbd . ca ævf];f{gLsf]
af]6df em6f/f] xfg]/Æ k'?iffy{ b]vfpg] gf}6+sL aGb u/f}+ .
b]zdf oL k|ltudg / cu|udg, k|hftGqsf s'/f n]v]/ w]/} d;L ;'s], w]/}sf lgj bf]lj|P,
w]/}sf dl:tis c;Gt'lnt klg ePsf 5g\ slt sfd / ;dosf] ;Tofgf; eof] xf]nf . ca
b]zdf Ps ;] Ps /fhg}lts ljZn]ifs lj1x? klg hlGdb} 5g\ .
oL ;a} /+uLlj/+uL dfgl;stfsf] k5fl8 Pp6f unt tTj 5 Tof] xf] ckl/kSj /fhgLlt
/ /fhg}lts lrGtg . oxfF dnfO{ Pp6f ljb]zL / ef/tLoaLr ;Djfb ofb cfpFb5 . Ps
ljb]zLn] ;f]w]5g\, xf]Og ef/t b]z olt 7"nf] 5 Ps /fHosf] dflg;n] csf]{
/fHosf] efiff a'em\b}gg\, ;fdflhs ljljwtf ePsf] b]zdf s;/L Pstf sfod u/]sf 5f}
< ef/tLosf] hjfkm lyof], æd ef/tLo x'F eGg] efjgfÆ xfdLdf 5 .
t/ xfdL g]kfnLx? klxn] hft, If]q, gftf x]b{5f}+ æxfdL g]kfnLÆ eGg]
cfpFb5 w]/}kl5 .
k|hftGqkl5 eof] b]zdf ToxL, b]z 6'6\of] /fhgLltn] sltsf kl/jf/ ;d]t ljv08g ePsf
;dfrf/ gcfPsf xf]Ogg\ . g]t[Tj ju{df ;d]t To:tf ;+sL0f{ efjgf ePkl5 sfo{stf{n]
ToxL l;Sg] g} eP . xfn b]zdf ePsf /fhg}lt pynk'yndf s'g bn s:sf]df hfg] <
sf] s;sf]df pkl:yt x'g], sf] s;sf]df cg'kl:yt x'g] h:tf / c/fhg}lts lqmofsnfk
dfq b]lvG5 . o:tf lqmofsnfkn] b]zn] cu|ufdL km8\sf] dfg]{ ;f]Rg' d'v{tf x'g]5
.
/fhgLltssf o:t} p/G7]pnfkg / !* c;f]h )%( kl5 sndx?n] tLgj6f /+u sf]/]sf 5g\
Pp6f /+un] /fhfsf] ehg ufpg] csf]{n] ;+;bjfbLsf] / csf]{ Psn] cft+sjfbsf] o:tf
ehgd08nLsf] e|ddf k/]/ tL ltg} kIf /fi6|klt jf:tljs lhDd]jf/Laf6 6f8f b]lvPsf
5g\ . oL ltg} kIf eGb5g\ /fi6| / hgtfsf nflu s] ub}{5f}+ < /fi6|sf] nflu
< /fhgLlts cl:y/tf < xTof < bdg < n'6 < c;'/Iff < snd sf]g]{,
k9\g] / a'em\g] oL ltg} kIf /fi6|sf ;'ljwfo'Qm :yfgdf a:g] ju{leq kb{5g\ . log}
lzlIft egfpFbf o;} leq} ?dlnPsf b]lvG5g\ . ltg} kIfsf ehg d08nL To:tf rf/ k|ltzteGbf
tnsf /fhfjfbL ;+;bjfbL cft+sjfbLsf k|efjsf dgdl:tisdf k:g] / a'em\g] klg 5}gg\
/fhg}lts ehgdfnf .
cfhsf] oyf{ttf oxL xf] . lul/hf, dfwj g]kfnnfO{ cu|udgsf] gfddf >Lk]r g}
le/fO{ lbP klg jf k|r08jfbLnfO{ ;Qfsf] Xofs'nf] jf /fhvfgL g} lbP klg ;d:ofsf]
dfu{ v'Ng] b]lvb}g . ;fy} csf]{ oyf{ttf s] klg xf] eg] æg]kfndf tfgfzfxL
/fhtGq kms{g], ;+;bjfbLn] /fi6|sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg ;Sg] jf ;fDojfbL u0ftGqsf]
hgo'4 ;kmn x'g ;Sg] cj:yf klg 5}g eGg] s'/f ;a}n] a'em]sf 5g\ t/ To;sf] ldngljGb'sf]
r's'n s;n] v':sfOlbPsf] 5 < Tof] r's'n vf]Hg] sfd sndhLjLx? / gful/s ;dfhsf]
xf] oL kIf /fi6|sf lgb]{zs x'g\ . oL kIfaLrdf dfq æ;fd'lxs efjgfÆ
ljsf; eO{ /fi6|sf nflu v/f] pqg ;Sof] eg] /fi6|n] cu|udg dfu{ canDag ug{ ;S5
.
b]zsf] o:tf] cj:yfdf b]z, ljb]zsf sndjfhx?sf] Pp6} cfjfh xf];\ ls ;+j}wflgs
/fhfsf] pkof]u / dof{bf, ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] dd{ / Jojxf/ k|r08jfbLsf ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, /fli6|otfsf cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;d]6L Pp6f dfu{sf] /]vf+sg u/f}+, ;fd'lxs efjgf
;xcl:tTjsf] pRrtd efjgfnfO{ v/f] ?kdf Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;Sof}+ eg] zflGt, ;d'Ggt
/ x/]sn] dof{lbt hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf x'g ;S5 .
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