rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
s'/f ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf] / sfd :jb]zL gfª\uf]kgfsf]
gf/fo0f kxf/L
l8;]Da/ )&, @))#
/fhf k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxn] afO;] / rf}aL;] /fHodf ljeflht ePsf g]kfnLx?nfO{ Pp6}
g]kfn /fHodf ldnfP/ ljb]zL x:tIf]k x'gaf6 arfPsf lyP . clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf of]
Oltxf; k9\bf Psfb]zsf] syf h:tf] nfU5 . gnfuf];\ klg lsg ! Pp6} g]kfn b]zleqsf
dfcf]jfbL, /fhgLlts bn / /fhf ;a} g]kfnL x'g\ t/ clxn] Ps cfk;df ldNg g;s]/
sf]xL l;dfkf/L u'xfb{} / sf]xL ;d'Gb"kf/L k'sfb{} ljb]zL x:tIf]knfO{ lgDtfpb}
5g\ . km]l/ xfdLnfO{ ca nfh klg gnfUg] eof] lsgsL xfdLx? ca nfh nfUg] k|f0fLdf
klg /x]gf}F . gq g]kfnL g]kfnL cf7 jif{;Dd sf6fsf6 u/]/ n xfdL g]kfnL g]kfnL
ldNb}5f}F elg xft ldnfP/ ljb]zL 6]lnlehg / kqsf/sf] cufl8 kmf]6f] lvrfP/ ;+;f/
el/nfO{ kSs} lrgfpg] lyPgf} . To;kl5 km]l/ k6s k6s jftf{ eË ul/ cfkm"
cfkm}df emu8f u/]/ xfdL gldNg] k|f0fL xf} elg ljZjnfO{ k|dfl0ft u/fof}+ . kz'x?n]
l;Ë h'bfP t x]g{nfO{ ljb]zLx?sf] hfqf nfU5 eg] dfG5] dfG5] n8]/ ljZjsf]
cUnf] e'ld tyf a'4sf] hGd:yndf pkb"f] dRrfpb} bGt ahfP kl5 s'g ljb]zLsf]
cfFvf gnfu]f; klg < clxn] g]kfnl:yt ljb]zL s"6gLlt1n] oxfFsf] cfGtl/s
dfldnfdf v'Nnd v'Nnf l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ / xfn} ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL jfhkfoLn] /fhf
/ bnx?nfO{ nlrnf] x'g ;Nnfx lbO/fv]sf 5g\ . cflv/ lo ;a} s'/f ljb]zL x:tIf]kdf
dfq ;Lldt /x]g, xfd|f] cfkmg} gfËf]kgfdf klg b]lvof] .
@)^) slQs #) ut]sf] g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] lbzflgb{]z sfo{qmddf dfwj g]kfnnfO{ s]
df]cf]jfbL o'4df ef/tsf] xft 5 eg]/ ;f]w]sf] k|Zgdf pgn] cfkm"nfO{ yfxf
5}g eg]/ hjfkm lbPkl5 df]cf]jfbL ;d:of ;'Nemfpg] lgpdf df]cf]jfbL g]tf e]6\g
ef/tsf] nvgp k'u]sf dfwj g]kfnsf] tfn'df cfn' kmn]s} /x]5 eg]/ dfq k'li7 ePg,
xfd|f /fhg}lts g]tfsf] tfn'df oxfFsf] :yflgo cfn' eGbf ef/taf6 cfofltt lasf;]
cfn' g} al9 km:6fpbf]/x]5 eGg] s'/f 5n{Ë eof] . To:t} ut jif{ cd]l/sfsf]
jfl;ª6g kf]i6sf] k|Zgsf] pQ/df 8f=afa'/fd e§/fOn] ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGw
;f}xf{bk"0f{ /xg'k5{ dfq eg]gg\, ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ lbb} cfPsf] ;}Go ;'ljwfsf]
af/]df klg df}g /x] . ljutsf] rGb ;/sf/ eË x'g' xKtf cufl8 ;"o{axfb'/
yfkf lbNnL b/af/df dGt/ ;'Gg uP / kms{]sf] nut} k|wfgdGqLsf] kbn] ;Ddflgt eP
. xfn} kz'klt z+z]/ hj/f lbNnL ed|0f u/]/ cfPkl5 cfg} kf6L{sf] k|wfgdGqLsf]
/fhLgfdf dfu] . ;'lgG5 k~rfotsf] cfdf 8f= t'n;L lu/L klg ca g]kfn cfpb} 5g\
/] . h'g;'s} lu/L jf axfb'/ ef/tlt/af6 g]kfn cfpg jf g]kfnaf6 ef/t hfpg\, s'/f
rflx v'Nnf l;dfgf / l5d]sL /fi6"sf] dfq /x]g . ca t ef/tdf sfG5f sfG5L
/ axfb'/sf] lhGbuL latfpg /]nsf l8Aafdf em'l08P/ d'unfg k:g gk{nf a? b]zd} sfG5f
sfG5L / axfb'/ aGg kfOg] eOof] .
ef/tn] cfgf] :jfy{sf] nflu g]kfnL /fhlgltnfO{ cfgf] cg's'n k|efljt
ug{ dfcf]jfbL, /fhg}lts bn jf /fh;+:yfnfO{ ;do cg';f/ pkof]u / b'?'kof]u (
Use and Abuse) ug{ ;Sbf]/x]5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ bf]/fO/fVg' gk{nf . o;/L cfgf]
:jfy{df pkof]u / b'?'kof]u ( Use and abuse)ubf{ oxfFsf] bn jf /fi6" k|d'vsf]
5gf}6df klg k|efj k/]sf] b]lvG5 . Oltxf;sf ljleGg r/0fx?nfO{ x]bf{ ef/tn] lqe'jgnfO{
eGbf dx]Gb"nfO{ / jL/]Gb"nfO{ eGbf 1fg]Gb"nfO{ al9 ;xof]u ug{
?rfPsf] b]lvG5 . @))& ;fnsf] k|hftGq, @)!& ;fnsf] k~rfotL Aoj:yf / @)$^
;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng dfq geO{ c;f]h !* sf] zfxL sbddf klg ef/tsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{
x'g;S5 eg]/ l6Kk0fL ug{] b]z ljb]zsf /fhg}lts ljZn]ifsx? clxn] k|z:t} b]lvg
yfn]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts 36gfqmddf ef/tsf] e"ldsf Pp6f u|fOG8 l8hfOg
eGbf u]|6]/ l8hfOg cg';f/ rn]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf] dtna cfgf] :jfy{df rn]df
kl08t agfOlbg] gq bl08t u/fOlbg] ef/tsf] of] efn] k|j[ltnfO{ lj:tf/jfbsf s§/
lj/f]wL dfcf]jfbLnfO{ t ca dfGo eof] eg] c? gfy] g]kfnLn] gdfGg'df ca s'g} cy{
/x]g . cem b'Mvsf] s'/f t g]kfnsf glbgfnfdf cfP/ s;n] afFwjflw;s] eGg] s'/f
8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ yfx} ePg a? pxfFnfO{ rLgs} /fhb"tnfO{ klg yfxf
gePsf] cd]l/sfn] rLgnfO{ 3]g{] nfu]sf] s'/f kQf eP5 / g]kfnnfO{ ef/taf6 jrfpg
eGbf rLgnfO{ cd]l/sfaf6 arfpg cft'/ nfu]5 . km]l/ dfcf]sf] b]znfO{ dfcf]jfbLn]
garfOlbP c? s;n] arfp5 / < cflv/ dfcf]sf] b]z rLgn] dfcf]nfO{ klg lj;{g nfu]sf]n]
cfg} b]zsf a'4nfO{ lj;{]/ ePklg dfcf]nfO{ Ao'emfpg] 8fS6/ dxf]bosf] ljb]z
k|ltsf] c3fw k|]dn] ubf{ ljb]zL zlQmx? g;nanfpg klg s;/L < z'?z'?df ef/lto
lj:tf/jfbsf] gf/f 3Gsfpg] Pdfn] ef/tLo sdlgi6 kf6L{sf] k'R5/ ;dft]/ gofFlbNnLsf]
;fpy Ansdf l5/]kl5 kms{]/ cfpbf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ Ægf}nf] hgjfbÆsf]
s'lj08f] ofFsL lbof] / cfkm" ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 ef/tnfO{ dfxfsfnL glb
pkxf/ lbof] . t/ ckm;f]r rflx Psrf]6L dfq xf]Og b'O{ b'O{ rf]6L dfwj g]kfn 5fgfaf6
v;]h:tf eP ha ef/ts} sf/0f pgsf] k|wfgdGqL aGg] bf}/f;'?jfn v]/ uof] /] . To:t}
dfcf]jfbL klg gofF lbNnLsf] ;fpy Ansdf k;]/ ÆgofF df]8]nsf] k|hftGqÆ
gfds km;L{ kfPsf]n] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] lj/f]w ug{ 5f8]sf xf]nfg\ eg]/ clxNo}
z+sf ug{] 7fFp g/x]] klg ef/tsf] pkof]u / b'?'kof]u s} ( Use and Abuse) gLltdf
pgLx? km;]sf gxf]nfg\ eGg ;lsb}g .
o;/L zf:fsau{, /fhg}lts bn / dfcf]jfbL ;Qfdf hfg jf l6sfpg ljb]zs} d'v tfSg]
u/]sf]n] b]]zdf ljb]zL x:tIf]k a9]sf] xf] eg] b]zel/ 5fPsf] k|ltudg 5fofFsf]
e't g]kfn leq geO ljb]zdf g} x'g'k5{ . To;}n] ca ;a} g]kfnLn] Pp6} lg0f{o lngk5{
Tof] s] xf] eg] :jtGq g]kfn / g]kfnL eP/ afRg] ls ;w} k|ltudgsf] e"t;Fu
8/fP/ k/flwg eO/xg] < xTof lx+;f / o'4n] gfËf] eP/ ljb]zL x:tIf]k ;lx/xg]
ls zflGt / :yfloTj ckgfP/ dfg / dof{bfn] ;Ddflgt xg] < tfgfzfxL lj?4df cfw'lgs
xftxlQof/ ;lxtsf] o'4sf] jf6f]df cd]l/sfn] O/fsdf ef]u]sf] kL8f / c;kmn k|of;
/f]Hg] ls zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngn] ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf] k/fho / k|hftGqsf] k"0f{jxfnL
ePsf] h{lhofnfO{ k5fpg] < ca @))& ;fnb]lv g} ;d:of ;w} lab]zLsf] e/df
Æd'tsf] Gofgf]Æ h:tf] ul/ ;dfwfg ug{ kl§ gnflu Pp6f :jtGq /fi6"
/ :jtGq gful/ssf] x}l;otn] g]kfnsf x/]s /fhg}lts / cfly{s ;d:ofx? ;w}sf] nflu
cGt ul/g'k5{ . To;sf] nflu ;a} g]kfnLn] ljb]zk/:t ljrf/ TofuL bfËsf] xfk'/]df
Pslbg nufPsf] b'af]sf] dfnf / /ftf] cla/ clg kf]n]sf] ds} / l;:gf] vfPsf] cg'ejnfO{
;w}sf] nflu zflGt pmhf{df kl/0ft u/fOlbg'k5{ . g]tf g]tf xft ldnfpg ;S5g\ eg]
hgtf hgtf klg xft ldnfpg ;S5g\ eGg] ;f]rnfO{ Joaxf/df ptfg{' k5{ . g]kfnsf]
dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg sf7df8f}sf] kfFr tf/] xf]6ndf x\jL:sL / ljo/n]
e'Fl8 km"nfPsf :jb]zL / ljb]zLsf] cufl8 xf]Og, lx+;f cftÍ / ef]sdl/n]
bfpl/Psf ljs6 ;'b/ klZrdsf ufFpn]sf cfFugdf nu]/ ;'NemfOg' k5{ . ;fFRr} g} b]zdf
;w}sf] nflu /fhg}lts lgsf; lbg] xf] / cfly{s ljsf; cufl8 a9fpg] xf] eg] b]zsf]
nflu af]em ag]sf] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;'NemfP/ g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}af6 ;f/]/
/f]Nkfdf k'/fOg'k5{ . gq ;w}sf] lvrf]nf], ;w}sf] ef]sd/L ;d:of / ;w}sf] lx+;f
cft+s x]bf{ x]b{} Æg pGo" kmNg' g 9'Ëf 6';fpg'Æ h:t} /lx/xg]
xf] sL eGg] lrGtf dfq a9\g] eof] . cem To;df klg g]b/Nof08n] g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u
ug{ 5f]8\g] eof], cd]l/sfn] tof/L kf]zfssf] sf]6fdf s6f}lt ug{] eof] / ef/tn]
vfP vf gvfP l3r eg]/ wDsL lbg] eof] . ca t olx cj:yf s]lx ;dosf] nflu /lx/xg]
xf] eg] o'4, czflGt / ef]sd/Laf6 lg:s]sf cl:yk~h/sf] y'k|f]n] g]kfndf csf{]
;u/dfyf aGg] eof] . h;sf] prfO{df ;a}eGbf klxnf] k'Ug] >]o xfdL g]kfnLnfO{
g} hfg] eof] .
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