rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
k|fWofksnfO{ h+un k7fpg vf]h]s} xf] <
g/]Gb| kg]?
l8;]Da/ !%, @))#
nfdf] ;dob]lv lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf sfd ul//x]sf cf+lzs k|fWofksx?nfO{ s/f/df
lgo'StL ul/g'kg{], s/f/df sfd ul//x]sf k|fWofksx?nfO{ lgodfg';f/ qmdzM :yfoLsf]
nflu k|lqmof cuf8L a9fpg' kg{] / cf+lzs k|fWofkssf] nflu ;dofg's'n ^) ?k}ofFaf6
tnj a[lå ul/g'kg{] h:tf ;fdfGo k]zfut dfu /flv cf+lzs k|fWofks ;+3 zflGtk"0f{
cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf] gf} dlxgf eGbf a9L e};s]sf] 5 . oL k|fWofkssf ;fdfGo k]zfut
dfuk|lt z'?df ;sf/fTds ag]sf] lq=lj= pks'klt clxn] cfP/ c;x\o aGb}5g\ / hGd}b]lvsf]
an lgsfn]/ dgkl/ af]Nb} lx8]sf 5g\ . slxn] lq=lj= cflzs k|fWofksx? grflxg] eGb}
plk|mPsf 5 eg] slxn] cfk\mg} egfOnfO{ a]s'km agfpg] ul/ ltgLx?sf] t]Aa/ tnj
a9fOlbg] xjfO ukm xfFSb} lx8]sf] 5 . lq=lj=dxf]bon] cfk\mgf] x}l;ot / IfdtfnfO{
lj;{]/ b'lgofFnfO{ g} rlst kfg{] sl/ZdfdoL efif0f / eljiojfl0f ub}{ lx8\bf lq=
lj= lq=lj xf]Og a? /+ud~r x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
ut jif{ ePsf] lq=lj= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kl/jt{g;Fu} z}lIfs tyf Aoj:yfkg kIfdf
Aofks ;'wf/sf] xNnf lk6fOPsf] lyof] . dgf]lgt pks'nklt :jod\n] !@ jif{] ax'bnLosfnnfO{
sfnf] sfn eGb} ;]tf] sfnsf] lgs} r'/Lkm'/L u/]sf lyP . b'lgofFsf] cfFvfdf /fd|};Fu
5f/f] xfn]sf lyP . t/ ;dosf] aufO{;Fu} pks'nkltsf] sfnf] cg'xf/ qmdzM gfËf]
x'b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . lq=lj=sf] pks'nklt eg]/ kl/ro u/fpg klg nfh nfUg] ul/ ax'nfpFb}
lx8]sf 5g\ . af]Ng'kg{] 7fFpdf efUb}5g\, gaf]Ng' kg{] 7fpFdf e'Sb}5g\ . xtf;sf]
dgl:ylt lnP/ ljleGg 7fFpdf gaf]Ng'kg{] s'/f af]n]/ sfo{qmdnfO{ hf]s/do agfpb}5g\
. h]xf];, bz{s lb3f{ lgs} /dfPsf] 5, clgsfnsf] a]nf klg xfF:g kfPsf] 5 .
/fd|f] sfdsf] z'?jftsf] lglDt Ps aif{sf] ;do lglZrt?kdf 5f]6f] ;do xf]Og . t/
ljb]zLsf] b}nf] rxfg{], kbsf] nflu xft k;fg{], tnj eQf krfpg]x?sf] ;jfndf of]
lgod nfu" gx'g ;S5 . sfof{nodf al; lemËf wkfpg]x?sf] nflu Ps jif{ t s] xhf/f}+
jif{ klg sd x'g k'U5g . olx b]lvPsf] 5 . lq=lj=sf k|zf;sx?sf] lbgrof{df .
of] eGbf t nfhdbf{] ljifo eg]sf] t k|fWofksx?s} k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf :yflkt tyfslyt
g'6f / 6'6fsf] /fhgLlt 5 . k|fWofksx?s} n]jL p7fP/ ltgs} dfgdb{g ug{], lq=lj=s}
tnjeQf vfP/ o;s} h/f] sf6\g], lzIffsf] gfddf Jofkf/ ug{], k|fWofksx?sf] xslxtsf]
gfddf afu{]lgªsf] /fhgLlt ug{], u'0ffTds lzIffsf] axfgfdf :jb]z tyf ljb]z ;o/
ug{], cltl/Qm tnjeQf krfpg], dxn 78\ofpg] cfbL h:tf cgf}7f l;åfGt / Aojxf/ k|bz{g
ug{] u/]sf] 5 . k|fWofksx?sf oL dfp ;+u7gx?sf] o;k|sf/sf] g}lts / af}lås bl/b|tf
b]Vbf x/ s;} lzlIft tyf :jfledfgL JolStsf] zL/ nfhn] em'S5, 3[0ffn] b|ljt x'G5
. o;/L k|fWofksx?s} g]tf eO{ k|fWofksx?s} wHhL p8fpg] sfo{ slt zf]elgo / g}ltsk'0f{
5 < xfd|f cu|h u'? / g]tfx?n] g} yfxf kfpg] s'/f xf] . xfd|} k"j{hn] lbPsf]
of] nHhfhgs pkxf/ cfhsf o'jfx? ;ls g;ls ;lx/x]sf 5g, wflg/x]sf 5g\ . lq=lj=
k|zf;g tyf g'6f tyf 6'6fsf kbflwsf/Lx? sl/j @ xhf/ cf+lzs k|fWofksx?sf] lhGbuLnfO{
aGbuL /fv]/ AolStut :jfy{ / eQfsf] /fhgLlt ub{}5g\ . lq=lj=sf ;]jfdf Psflwsf/sf]
/fh ub{}5g\ . eGbf / ;'Gbf hlt;'s} lttf] nfu] klg oL g'6f / 6'6fn] lq=lj=sf
cf+lzs k|fWofksx?nfO{ cfk\mgf ;b:o;Dd dfg]sf 5}gg oBkL lq=lj=sf clwsfz sIffx?
lolgx?s} yfKnf]df 5 . lq=lj=sf] cfwf k|fWofksx?sf] ;+Vof af]s]sf] of] ju{ cfk\mg}
kl/rok|lt cgle1 5 . ;]jf / ;'ljwf t ;ft ;d'b| kf/L g} 5f]l8lbcf}+ .
k|fWofksx?sf] kbk"tL{ k|To]s 5 5 dlxgfdf ug'{kg{] lgod x'Fbfx'Fb} klg lq=lj=n]
jiff{}+b]lv vfnL /x]sf b/aGbLdf klg cfhsf ldlt;Dd s;}nfO{ lgo'StL u/]sf] 5}g
. a9\bf] ljBfyL{sf] rfk / ylkbf] ljifo / ;+sfosf] ef/sf] cg'kftdf b/aGbL yksf]
nflu s'g} k|of; g} ul/Psf] 5}g . lq=lj= n] ^) hgf ljBfyL{ a/fa/ Ps k|fWofks
cg'kftsf] ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] eP tfklg Pp6f k|fWofksn] Pp6f sIffsf]7fdf
!%) eGbf a9L ljBfyL{ /fv]/ k9fpg ljjz 5 . slx+ gePsf] hfqf xfF8L ufFpdf eg]
em}+ !)÷!@ jif{;Dd nuftf/ %! ?k}ofFsf cflzs k|fWofksx?nfO{ hf]tfO/x]sf] 5 .
Gofo dfUbf clwsf/ / x}l;ot gePsf] 3'sL{ nufO/x]sf] 5 . af]lnlbg], ;f]lrlbg]
/ ;'lglbg] sf]xL 5}gg\ . zflGtk'0f{ eb| cfjfhsf] slx+ st} ;'g'jfO{ eO/x]sf]
5}g . ljZjdf g} cgf}7f] nfUg] g]kfnsf k|fWofkssf] x}l;ot, tnj ;'ljwf To;dfly
cflzs k|fWofksx?k|ltsf] ;f}t]gL Jojxf/ g]kfnsf pRr lzIffsf lhjGt ljz]iftf g}
x'g\ . t/ klg ax; eg]sf] kfOFb}g . s;}n] ;f]lrlbPsf] kfOb}g . Pp6f k'ln; xftdf
tnj yfk]/ dfq d}bfgdf bf}l8g hfG5 t/ lq= lj=df sfo{/t Pp6f cflzs k|fWofks hLjge/
rs w:bfw:bf rsem} skfn e};Sbf klg s'g} x}l;ot / kl/ro kfpFb}g eg] o;nfO{ s'g
b]zsf] Gofo eGg] < s'g ;lDawfgsf] df}lns clwsf/ 7fGg] < s'g x}l;otsf] gful/s
dfGg] < Pp6f pRr tyf bIf hgzStL lbglbg} o;/L a/afb eO/x]sf] 5, /fHo sfgdf t]n
xfn]/ s'Des0f{sf] lgb ;'lt/x]sf] 5 . lq=lj= gfkmf / sld;gsf] lx;falstfadf cNdlnPsf]
5 . bIf tyf of]Uo gful/s lbgbxf8} o;/L n'l6/x]sf] 5, cfFvf eP klg cGwf] eOlbPsf]
5, sfg eP klg alx/f] eOlbPsf] 5, efjgf eP klg :jfF7 ePsf] 5 . p;sf] clwsf/ /fHon]
vf];]sf] 5, dfgjflwsf/afbL af]Nb}gg\, p;n] gful/ssf] x}l;ot u'dfPsf] 5, /fHo
r'k 5, o;n] cfk\mgf] kl/ro aGwsL /fv]sf] 5, bnx? df}g 5g . b]zdf s'g ;lDawfgsf
s'g wf/fdf s] 5 p;nfO{ s'g}n] 5'b}g . emg To;dfly x}l;ot dfUbf slxn] cflzs k|fWofks
rflxb}g eGg] t slxn] ltgLx?sf] t]Aa/ tnj a9fOlbg] ax'nL efif0f ub{} lx8g] ;':t
dgl:yltsf] dfgj lq=lj= sf] g]t[Tjsf] s'l;{df a;]sf] 5 . o:tf 6fpsf g k'R5/sf
hf]s/x?nfO{ lq=lj=sf] g]t[Tj lbP/ b]zn] lzIffdf s:tf] u'0ffTds ljsf; ug{ vf]h]sf]
xf] < hfgsf/x? cgle1 5g\ .
Pp6f ;fdfGo afnsnfO{ klg s] yfxf x'G5 eg] ?k}of ^) -s/ gs6fP/_ sf] t]Aa/ eg]sf]
! ;o *) x'G5 eg] Ps hgf s/f/df lgo'St k|fWofksn] lng'kg{] sIffsf] ;+Vof xKtfsf]
!% j6f jf dlxgfsf] slDtdf ^% x'g cfpF5 . o;k|sf/ of] /sd Ps dlxgfdf !! xhf/
& ;o ?k}ofF x'gcfpG5 . hjsL s/f/df lgo'St Pp6f k|fWofksn] kfpg] tnj eg]sf] sl/j
& xhf/ % ;o ?k}ofF dfq xf] . o;/L tnj a9fpbf kmfObf b]Vg] t/ b/aGbL lbbf 3f6f
b]Vg] pks'nkltsf] of] s:tf] ul0ft xf] < ;d:of s]jn rf/ kfFr s/f]8sf] dfq xf]
. o;sf] nflu /fHon] b'O{ xhf/ of]Uo tyf bIf hgzStLnfO{ u'dfpFb}5 . hfg]/ jf
ghfg]/ h+unlt/ ws]Nb}5, k7fpb}5 . lq= lj=sf :yfoL k|fWofksx? lq= lj= s} tnj
eQf yfk]/ of t Pglhcf] jf Kn; 6" df bu'l//x]sf 5g\ . pkTosfsf $% j6f SofDk;x?df
ev{/} ul/Psf] Pp6f ;e{]If0f cg';f/ lq=lj=sf :yfoL k|fWofksx? dWo] $# k|ltztn]
lq=lj=df Pp6f klg sIff glnPsf] kfOof] . Ps b'O{ sIff lnP/ tnj ksfpg]x? t slt
5g\ slt < o; kl/j]zdf pN6} cfFlzs k|fWofksx?sf] cl:tTjnfO{ lgif]w ug{ vf]Hg'
slt hfoh xf] < o:t} lzIffsf] u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] afxfgfdf lq= lj= k|zf;sx?nfO{
dlxg}lkR5] ljb]z e|d0fsf] nflu ah]6 x'g], lq=lj=sf l/St b/aGbLx?df jif{]gL cy{dGqfnoaf6
ah]6 lgsfzf x'g] t/ b/aGbL yk ug{ / cflzs k|fWofksx?nfO{ ;dofg's'n /sd yk]/
pgLx?sf] j[lQljsf; u/L lzIffdf u'0ffTds ljsf; gx'g] vfnsf cgf}7f l;åfGtx? lq=lj=n]
k|ltkfbg u/]sf] 5 . lzIffdf u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] nflu dlxg}lkR5] ljb]z e|d0fdf
hfg] lq=lj= g]t[Tj cfk\mg} SofDk;x?sf] cg'udg, ltlgx?sf] ;d:ofx?sf] ljifodf
ax; u/]sf] eg] slxNo} kfOPsf 5}g . o;k|sf/sf] kl/j]z Pp6f k|fWofkssf] xftdf
%! ?k}ofF ydfP/ lzIffdf u'0ffTds ljsf; u5{' eGb} sf]xL s'n{G5 eg] p;sf] x}l;ot
/ O{dfGbf/Ltf dfly k|Zg p7fpg] k|z:t 7fFpx? 5g . cfh klg ;a}eGbf a9L ljBfyL{
-b'O{ nfv eGbf a9L_, ;+sfo / ;+:yfg ePsf] lq= lj=df % xhf/ % ;o k|fWofksx? x'g'
t/ * xhf/ % ;o eGbf a9L u}/k|fWofks sd{rf/L x'g' g} lq=lj=sf] 3f]/ a]OHhtL /
cz}lIfs ultljlwsf] ;+s]t xf] . oxL+ leq klg sl/j $ ;o k|fWofkssf] b/aGbL vfnL
e};s]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] lgs6 eljiodf g} $) b]lv %) k|ltzt k|fWofksx? kbaf6 d'St
x'b}5g\ . o; kl/j]zdf klg lq= lj= n] g t k|fWofksx?sf] kbk"tL{sf] nflu s'g}
k|lqmofsf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 g t cGo j}slNks af6f] g} . a9bf] ljBfyL{sf] rfk /
ljifox?sf] ef/ cflzs k|fWofksx?n] g} wfg]sf 5g\ . o;sf] lhpbf] k|df0f cfFlzs
k|fWofksn] u/]sf] dfu{ @$ ut]sf] sIff alxisf/sf] ;kmn sfo{qmd g} xf] .
lq=lj=sf x/]sf ;d:ofsf] h8 / sf/s lq=lj= g]t[Tj g} xf] . o:t} cflzs k|fWofksx?sf]
ljjztf / z}lIfs c/fhstfsf] k|d'v sf/s klg lq=lj= g]t[Tjsf] cs{d0otf g} xf] .
t/ klg k|Zg t v]tkfvfx? a]r]/ pRr lzIffsf] nflu kg{]x?sf] xf] . pRr lzIffsf]
gfddf 3/jf/lxg ePsfx?sf] nflu cGo ;a} af6fx? aGb ul/Pklg ;8s ;w} v'nf g} /xg]5
lsg ls ;8s s;}sf] akf}tL xf]Og / of] s;}sf] klg xf]Og hxf aGb's]x?sf] ;fx/fdf
;'/lIft x'g ;lsof];\ . of] x/]s kLl8t kIfsf] jsfnt ug{] 7fpF xf] / ;8saf6 g}
b]zdf 7'nf7'nf kl/jt{gx? klg ePsf 5g\ . Pp6f bIf hgzStL ;8s5fk ag]/ ;8sdf cfn{g'kbf{
b]zsf] s'g xfnt x'G5 ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;dod} ;f]lrlbP pgLx?s} enf] x'G5 . jiff+{}b]lv
a]tnj k9fPsf] / gf} dlxgfb]lv zflGtk"0f{ wgf{ / nflN6gsf] h'n'; nufO/xg of]
ju{ ;w} afWo eO/xg] 5}g .
ljZjsf] Oltxf; k9fpg] / gful/snfO{ cfk\mgf xs clwsf/sf kf7 l;sfpg] of] ;d'x
;bfjxf/ ?kdf xftdf bxL hdfP/ ç zfGtL hlk/xg] 5}g . lsgeg] x/ lrhsf] ;Ldf x'G5
. ;Ldf gfl3of] eg] x/ s;}n] xf/lht, /fd|f] g/fd|f] b]Vb}g, lrGb}g . s]jn b'ZdgnfO{
vf]H5, h'g b]zn] cfh klg a]xf]l//x]sf] 5 . s] lq=lj=n] of] ;d'x -k|fWofksx?_nfO{
t]t}lt/ ws]Ng vf]h]sf] xf]Og < h+unlt/ g} k7fpg vf]h]sf] t xf]Og <
|