rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
km]/L wldlnb} hfg yfn]sf] zflGtsf] cfzf
s'df/ of]Ghg
cu:6 @*, @))@
s]xL cg'Ql/t k|Zgx?M
xfdLnfO{ r'gfj xf]Og, zflGt rflxPsf] 5, of] egfO dfcf]jfbL lk8Lt ;d'xsf cWoIf
nfIfL 3lt{, ?s'dsf] xf] . t/ cfh of] egfOn] s]jn nfIfL 3lt{ / dfcf]jfbL lk8Lt
hgtfsf] dfq k|ltlglwTj ub}{g a? l;ªu} b]z / s/f]8f} zflGtsfdL hgtfsf] cfjfhsf]
g]t[Tj ub{5 . jf:tjdf clxn] l;ª\uf] b]z jftf{sf] kIfdf 5 / cljnDj b]zdf rln/x]sf]
o'4, xTof, lx+;f / cft+ssf] cGTo xf];\ / b]zn] zflGtsf] dfu{ klxNofj;\ eGg]
kljq rfxfgfaf6 pTk|]l/t 5 .
t/ ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] zflGt jftf{sf] k|:tfjnfO{ k6s k6s OGsf/ ub}{ lgjf{rgsf]
3l8df klg ;+s6sfn yKg] of]hgf agfPkl5 zflGtsf] cfzf k'gM wldlnb} hfg yfn]sf]
5 / k|ltklIf bnsf :jtGq / lg:kIf lgjf{rgsf] cfzfdfly klg kfgL km]l/g] ;+efjgf
a9]/ uPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf oL ;f/f ck|hftflGqs sbdx?nfO{ ;af]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nfn]
c? an k'/\ofPsf] 5 . To;}n] b]z clxn] c? u+eL/ vt/ftkm{ df]l8b} 5 . cj s;}n]
grfx]/ klg lgjf{rgnfO{ /f]Sg] cf}iflw s;};+u 5}g . t/ s] clxn] cfd lgjf{rg ;Dej
5 < s] clxn]sf] k|fylds sfd lgjf{rg xf] < s] clxn]sf] lgjf{rgn] at{dfg ;+s6sf]
xn u5{ / hgtfn] rfx]sf] zflGt lbg ;S5 <
;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, at{dfg ;+s6sf] of] lgjf{rg;Fu uf]? a]r]sf] ;fOgf] klg 5}g .
o;af6 hgtfn] g t zflGtsf] cfzf ug{ ;S5g\ gt ljsf;sf] g} . a? o;n] hgtf / /fi6|nfO{
c? Wj:t / c? s+ufn dfq agfpg] 5 . s] ;af]{Rr cbfnt oL ;a s'/fx?af6 cgle1 lyof]
< xf]Og eg] at{dfg lgjf{rgsf] cf}lrTo s] < ;+s6sfndf x'g] lgjf{rg k|hftflGqs,
:jR5 / lg:kIf x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] Uof/]l06 ;af]{Rrn] lbg ;S5 < clg s] dfG5] dfg{
dfq jt{dfg ;+s6sf] xn xf] < oL k|Zgx? cfh klg cg'Ql/t g} 5g\ . t/ ;/sf/ x7sf;fy
;}Go ansf cfwf/df g} ;Qfdf l6ls/xg] / b]znfO{ ckm\uflg:yfg agfpg] lbzfdf nflu/x]5
eg] ptf dfcf]jfbLx? klg jftf{sf] kf;f] kmfn]/ Wj+;lt/ nfu]s} 5g\ . cflv/ of]
b"ef{Uoaf6 /fi6|nfO{ arfpg] bfloTj s;sf] xf] <
h;sf] ;}lgs ;dfwfg x'b}g M
Oltxf;df / jt{dfgdf klg ljZjsf w]/} b]zx?df cfGtl/s ljb|f]]x jf u[xo'4x? rn]sf
5g\ t/ xltof/ / ;]gfsf] ann] dfq b'lgofFdf slx+ klg hflto tyf /fhg}lts ljb|f]xx?nfO{
bjfpg ;Dej ePsf] 5}g . >Ln+sf, cfo/Nof08, sf]nlDjof, k]?, c+uf]nf, ?jf08f,
ef/ts} cf;fd, slZd/, gfufNof08, ldhf]/d, lqk'/f sxL+ klg xltof/ / ;}Go ansf]
k|of]un] zflGt sfod ePsf] pbfx/0f 5}g . bf];|f] ljZj o'4tfsf rLg, sf]l/of, leotgfd
cflb b]zx?df ePsf o'4x?sf] klg ;}lgs ;dfwfg ePg .
To;}sf/0f cfh @@ jif{ nfdf] u[xo'4 kl5 klg cflv/ >Ln+sf ;/sf/ / ln6\6]x?
zflGtjftf{df a:g afWo ePsf 5g\ . sf]nlDjof, c+uf]nf nufotsf d'n'sx? cfh jiff}{sf]
u[xo'4 kl5 k'gM zflGtjftf{df a;]sf 5g\ . ef/ts} gfufNof08sf ljb]|fxLx? %^ jif{
nfdf] o'4 /f]s]/ ut b'Ojif{b]lv jftf{sf] k|ls|ofdf 5g\ eg] cfGb|sf lkkN; jf/
u|'k klg clxn] zflGtjftf{sf] 6]jndf cfPsf 5g\ .
>Ln+sf ;/sf/n] &% xhf/ eGbf al9 hgtfsf] aln r9fPsf] 5 of] @@ jif{sf]
u[xo'4df / /fi6sf] v/jf} ;Dklt xltof/ / ;}Go kl/rfngdf l;b\ofPsf] 5 t/ klg zflGt
;Dej ePsf] 5}g . >Ln+sfnL ;/sf/n] of] s'/f ;dod} a'lemlbPsf] eP ;fob hgtf
/ /fi6|n] olt dx+uf] d"No r'sfpg' kg]{ lyPg xf]nf . xltof/ / ;}Go ans}
cfwf/df ln6\6]x?nfO{ l;Wofpg] of]hgf cg'?k ef/tLo kmf}h uP/ klg >Ln+sfdf
n8]s} x'g\ t/ kl/0ffd emg\ pN6f] cfPsf] b'lgofnfO{ yfxf 5 . To;}n] clxn] @@
jif{kl5 >Ln+sf ;/sf/ / ln6\6]x? jftf{df a:g / zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] ;d:of
xn ug{ /fhL x'g' k/]sf] 5 . olb ljkIfLx?n] ;/sf/sf] lbdfu e'6]gg\ eg] ;Dej t
>Ln+sfnL hgtfn] rfF8} zflGtsf] Zjf; km]g{ kfpg] 5g\ . >Ln+sf ;/sf/n] ln6\6]sf]
cnu /fHosf] dfusf] ljsNkdf æln6\6] :jzfl;t If]qÆ nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf]
5 / ln6\6]x? klg To;df cfpg /fhL ePsf 5g\ . elgG5, of] b'a} kIfsf] @@ jif{ nfdf]
u[xo'4kl5sf] cfTd ;dLIffsf] kl/0ffd xf] .
o;n] ;}Go ansf] k|of]un] dfq s'g} klg hftLo tyf /fhg}lts ljb|f]x vQd ug{ ;lsb}g
/x]5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;fljt u/]sf] 5 . xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, #) jif{ nfdf] bdgn]
klg g]kfnL sf+u|]; vQd ePg g t jfdkGyLx? g} ;dfKt eP . lrln, k]?, OG8f]gl;ofdf
xhf/f} dflg;x?sf] xTof ul/of] t/ ToxfF klg ljb|f]x /f]lsPg . o:tf c;+Vo pbfx/0fx?
5g\ hxfF ;}Go bdgn] dfq ljb|f]x ;fDo ePsf] 5}g . xfn} k"j{ s0f]{n tyf dGqL
gf/fo0f l;+x k'gn] eg] em} jf:tjdf /fhg}lts ljb|f]xx?sf] ;}lgs ;dfwfg x'b}g
. o;sf nflu ls t /fHon] cfkm"nfO{ abNg' k5{ ls t jftf{sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng'
k5{ . of] s'/f ;/sf/ / ;]gfn] a'em]sf] 5 t/ klg ;sf/fTds sbdsf nflu s] n] af6f]
5]s]sf] 5 < of] clxn] /x:osf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .
at{dfg l:yltdf lgjf{rgsf] /x/ M
lgjf{rgsf] a]nfdf ;+s6sfn g/xg] k|lta4tf k6s k6s hfx]/ u/]/ klg k'gM ;+s6sfn
yKg] of]hgfdf nfu]sf] ;/sf/n] cfufdL lgjf{rg ;xh} ;DkGg x'g g;Sg] / eP klg Tof]
:jtGq / lg:kIf x'g g;Sg] s'/fsf] ;Gb]z lbg yfn]sf] 5 . o;n] clxn] Pdfn] h:tf
bnx?sf nflu klg lgjf{rg lgNg' g cf]]sNg' x'b} uPsf] 5 . csf{lt/ ;+s6sfn x6]
klg gx6] klg ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] kl/rfngdf s'g} k|efj gkg]{ /Iff ;lrjsf] egfOn]
ljifo a:t'nfO{ c? /x:odo agfO lbPsf] 5 . t/ h'g;'s} efiffdf af]lnP klg o;sf]
cy{ xf] b]zdf lgjf{rgsf nflu cj:yf ljWodfg 5}g . kl5Nnf tYox?n] klg of] s'/fnfO{
w]/} phfu/ u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] hgo'4n] clxn] ;ft jif{sf] af6f] u'hfb}{ 5 . of] ;ft jif{sf]
aLrdf To;n] rf/ lhNnfaf6 b]zsf] clwsf+z lhNnfx?df cfkm\gf] x}l;ot / zlQm lj:tf/
u/]sf] s'/f s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . cf7 dlxgfsf] nfdf] ;+s6sfn / tLg xhf/ eGbf
al9 Sof8/x?sf] xTof / xhf/f}sf] lu/km\tf/Lsf jfjh'b klg pgLx?sf] Ifdtfdf vf;
km/s cfPsf] hgtfn] dx;'; u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/n] zflGt;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] b]v]
klg hgtfn] emg\ ljs/fn aGb} uO/x]sf] b]lv/x]5g\ . sf+u|]; jf Pdfn]sf dfG5]x?
dfl/g] jf ckx/0f x'g] qmddf cem} klg sdL cfPsf] 5}g . b]pjf kIfb]lv sf]O/fnf
kIf;Ddsf] xfn}sf lbgx?df ePsf ljleGg e]nfx?df sfo{stf{x?af6 JoQm ljrf/x?n] klg
Tolx s'/fnfO{ k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ .
xfn} ;]gfn] lbPsf] ;"rgf cg';f/ klg ?s'd / /f]Nkf h:tf lhNnf hxfF /fHon]
;aeGbf al9 z;Qm ;}Go zlQm s]lGb|t u/]sf] 5 / ck|]zg rnfPsf] 5 Toxf dfcf]jfbLx?sf]
cem} 7"nf] z;:q zlQm pkl:yt 5 . ;]gfsf cg';f/ ?s'ddf #* dfcf]jfbL ;}Go
Nkf6'g / /f]Nkfdf kfFr j6f sDkgL cem} sfo{/t 5g\ . cf7 dlxgfsf] nfdf] ;+s6sfn
kl5 klg cem} b]zsf PsltxfO eGbf al9 lhNnfx?df ;b/d'sfddf dfq ;/sf/sf] pkl:ylt
/x]sf] / u|fld0f Onfsfx?df ;/sf/sf] dfq xf]Og cGo bnx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt g/x]sf]
s'/f t k6s k6s ;Grf/ dfWoddf cfPs} 5 . :jo+ u[xdGqLn] s]lx lhNnfx?df cem} dfcf]jfbLx?n]
zf;g rnfO/x]sf] :jLsf/]sf 5g\ . ;]gfsf] kl5Nnf] cg'dfg cg';f/ cem} klg dfcf]jfbLx?;+u
tLgb]lv rf/ xhf/;Dd xf8{sf]/ n8fs' 5fkfdf/x? 5g\ eg] !% b]lv @) xhf/;Dd ldlnl;ofx?
5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx? cfkm}n] klg ;+s6sfns} ljrdf lj|u]8 :t/sf] ;}Go ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;
u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . ;]gfn] lbPsf] kl5Nnf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ s}of}+ jif{;Dd o'4
nlDag ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 . ;]gfsf] 'dfcf]jfbLx? xfdL eGbf alnof t 5}gg\ t/ sdhf]8
klg 5}gg\ eGg] egfOn] o'4 ;/sf/n] bfjL ub}{ cfP h:t} rfF8} ;lsg] jfnf 5}g .
oL tYox?n] clxn] g} dfcf]jfbLx? sdhf]/ eO;Sof] eGg] ljZn]if0fnfO{ ;To b]vfpb}g
s]jn /IffTds af6f] ckgfpb} 5g\ eGg] dfq b]vfpF5 . / o;n] ;/sf/sf] tTsfnsf] lgjf{rgsf]
;DefjgfnfO{ klg k"0f{ t gsfb{5 . )%$ ;fnsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] r'gfjsf a]nfeGbf
clxn] dfcf]jfbLx? s]of} u'0ffn] z;Qm / xltof/a4 5g\ eGg] s'/f ;/sf/n] pk/f]Qm
tYox?af6 klg a'em\g' /fd|f] x'G5 . at{dfg r'gfj ljyf]NgnfO{ Tof] zlQm kof{Kt
zlQm xf] . dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ jftf{4f/f ;xh af6f]df gNofP lgjf{rg x'g ;Sg]af/]
;]gfn] ;d]t z+sf JoQm u/]sf] 5 . oL tYox?n] lgjf{rgsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ dfq gsfb}{g
a? ;/sf/nfO{ cfkm\gf sdhf]/Lx?sf] ;dLIff ug{ dfu ul//x]sf] 5 .
;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf M
xf], clxn] cd]l/sfb]lv rLg / ef/t;Ddn] klg cft+safb lj?4sf] ;/sf/sf] sbdnfO{
;dy{g u/]sf] 5 t/ s] o;sf] cy{ jftf{ gug'{, b]zdf k'gM zflGt axfn gug'{ / ;Fw}
g]kfndf u[xo'4 rnfO/xg' eGg] xf] < olb ;/sf/n] a'em]sf] To:tf] xf] eg] Tof]
;/f;/ unt xf] . n08g a}7sdf zflGtsf nflu kxn ug{ g;s]sf] eg]/ ;/sf/sf] k|;:t
cfnf]rgf ePsf] s'/f ;/sf/n] e'Ng' x'Fb}g . /fHosf] k|fylds sfd b]zdf l:y/tf
jf zflGt sfod ug'{ xf] / Tof] xltof/ / ;}Go kl/rfngaf6 xf]Og jftf{, ;Dafb, ;xdlt
/ a}wflgs k|ls|ofaf6 dfq cfpF5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] ;/sf/sf] k|fylds sfd jftf{
g} xf] .
zflGtjftf{ ;dembf/L, ;b\efj / Pp6f a}wflgs k|ls|ofaf6 u'h|g] x'Fbf o;sf] kl/0ffd
klg :yfoL / kl/0ffdd'vL x'G5 t/ xltof/ / ;}Go an4f/f vf]lhPsf] zflGt lbuf] /
kl/0ffdd'vL x'b}g . o;n] Ifl0fs zflGt t b]nf t/ bL3{sfnLg zflGt lbg ;Sb}g .
o;n] t ljb|f]xdfly ljb|f]xsf] hGd dfq lbG5 . To;}n] ;}Go andf :yflkt x'g] zflGt
d'tsf] Gofgf] eg] h:tf] dfq xf] . To;af6 :yfoL zflGtsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsb}g .
cfh gf} dlxgfsf] nuftf/sf] ;+s6sfn / ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] ;'/Iff sfjf{xLkl5 klg g]kfnL
sf+u]|; nufotsf /fhg}lts sfo{stf{x? clxn] klg cfkm\gf] ufpF kms{g ;Sg] l:yltdf
5}gg\ . aiff}{b]lv pgLx? cfkm\gf] ufpF 5f8]/ cfkm\g} b]zdf z/0ffyL{sf] ?kdf
zx/sf uNnLx? rxfg{ ls t ljb]lzg / leqleq} czfGt lk8fn] 56kl6P/ dg{ afWo ePsf
5g\ . klZrdsf sltko ufFp / jl:tx? clxn] dfG5] ljlxg aGb} uPsf 5g\ . lbgx' ;of}sf]
;+Vofdf clxn] dflg;x? ef/t knfog x'g afWo ePsf 5g\ . To;sf] d'Vo sf/0f c;'/Iff
g} xf] . s;}sf nflu dfcf]jfbL t s;}sf nflu ;'/Iff kmf}h c;'/Iffsf] sf/0f ag]sf]
5 . ;Qfdf a:g] d'7\7Le/ dfG5]x?sf ;fydf / 3/ 3/d} klg ;'/Iff b:tf xf]nfg\ t/
xhf/f}+ To:tf sfo{stf{ 5g\ h;n] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iffsf] s'/f t k/} hfj;\ afFRgs}
nflu klg ;/sf/;+u lev dfUg' k/]sf] 5 / Tof] klg pgLx?n] ;dodf kfO/x]sf 5}gg\
. s] tL hgtfn] klg xltof/4f/f x'g] b'O lbgsf] zflGtsf] nflu k|fy{gf ul//x]5g\
< To:tf] ;fob sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsb}g . dfcf]jfbL lk8Lt ;d'xsf cWoIf nfIfL 3lt{,
?s'dn] cuf8L eg]sf 5g\ 'xfd|f] hLjg g} w/fkdf 5 eg] s;/L r'gfj xf]nf < x'g
klg clxn] hgtfnfO{ r'gfj xf]Og, zflGt rflxPsf] 5 . s]jn zflGtn] dfq clxn] hgtfsf]
efjgfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;Sb5 .
cGttM xhf/f} hgtfsf] alnbfg / /fi6sf] v/jf} ;DklQsf] ljgf; kl5 klg /fHon] Pslbg
jftf{df gal; of] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g]jfnf 5}g . To;}n] 3/ v/fgL ePkl5 bdsn vf]Hg'
eGbf klxn] g} ;+s6sf] ;xh / :yfoL xn vf]Hg' a'l4dfgL xf]Og /<
jftf{sf] ;'gf}nf] cj;/M
dfcf]jfbLx? ;fFRr} jftf{ rfxfG5g\ ls kf;f dfq km\ofn]sf x'g\ eGg] s'/f ;/sf/n]
jftf{sf] 9f]sf v]fn]kl5 dfq yfxf x'G5 . tyfkL cfkm\gf /fhg}lts Ph]08fx?nfO{
yfFlt /fv]/ cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;xdlt cg'?ksf] r'gfjL k|ls|ofdf cfpg tof/ x'g' ;/sf/sf
nflu of] zflGtsf] ;'gf}nf] cj;/ xf] . ;ft jif{b]lv z;:q o'4 nl8/x]sf] Pp6f z;:q
bn of] eGbf tn emnf{ jf cfTd;dk{0f unf{ eg]/ ;f]Rg' clxn] ;j{yf unt x'G5 . x'g;S5
clxn] cfP/ dfq pgLx?n] b]z / k|hftGqdflysf] vt/fnfO{ dx;'; u/], hgtfsf] zflGtk|ltsf]
rfxfgfnfO{ dx;'; u/] . @)$^ ;fnsf] k|hftGq klg u'Dg] kf] xf] ls eGg] lrGtf pgLx?nfO{
klg 5 eGg] o;n] b]vfpF5 . t/ o;}nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx? ;lsg nfu]sf] tyf pgLx?sf] sdhf]/Lsf]
?kdf dfq a'em\g' x'b}g . To;f] ul/of] eg] ;Dej t Oltxf;df km]/L o:tf] cj;/ gcfpg
klg ;S5 lsgsL cfTd;dk{0fsf] l:yltdf dfcf]jfbLx? 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f ;/sf/nfO{ /fd|}
yfxf 5 . of] l:yltdf klg ;/sf/n] xltof/ a'emfp clg jftf{ x'G5 eGg' ljkIfL g]tf
dfwj s'df/ g]kfnsf] zJbdf d'v{tf dfq xf] . cfTd;dk{0f kl5 jftf{sf] s'g} cy{
/xb}g .
of] ;To xf] ls dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg cfkm\gf] zflGtjftf{ k|:tfjnfO{ :ki6 ug{ h?/L
5 . jftf{nfO{ :yfoL zflGt / hgtfsf hgclwsf/x? axfn ug]{ 7f]; pkfosf] ?kdf lng
/ Tolx cg'?k jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ h?/L 5 . To:tf] jftfj/0fsf] tof/L b'a} kIfn]
o'4, xTof / lx+;f aGb u/]/ / cf:yfsf] cfwf/df sfjf{xL ug]{ k|ls|ofnfO{ :ylut
u/]/ x'g;S5 . of s'g} Ps kIfn] tTsfn o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ klg x'g;S5 .
o;f] ubf{ sf]xL ;fgf / gubf{ sf]xL 7'nf klg x'b}gg\ . To;sf] yfngL dfcf]jfbLx?n]
g} ubf{ klg x'G5, To;n] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ a]kmfObf x'b}g . a'l4 k'u] ;/sf/n] g}
klxn] zflGtsf nflu cfXjfg\ ug'{ kb{5 lsgsL czflGt slxNo} b]z, hgtf / ;/sf/sf]
lxtdf x'b}g . o;sf] h; klg ;/sf/n] g} kfpg] xf] . lsgsL hgtf cfh zflGtsf nflu
t8\lkO/x]5g\ . t/ ;/sf/n] g} zflGtjftf{sf] 9f]sf aGb ubf{ To;n] gsf/fTds ;Gb];
dfq lbO/x]5 .
r'lnb} uPsf] cfzfdfly kfgLM
lul/hfafa'n] eGg'eP em}+ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ aflx/ /fv]/ cfd lgjf{rg ;+ej 5}g /
of] lgjf{rg cfkm}df clxn]sf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg klg xf]Og . To;}n] clxn] gful/s
;dfh / /fhg}lts bnx?sf] klxnf] / tTsfnsf] sfd ;+o'Qm kxn4f/f ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLnfO{
zflGtjftf{df Nofpg' / ;+s6sf] xn vf]Hg' xf] . To;sf nflu k|ltklIf bnx?n] h'g;'s}
sbd p7fpg klg tof/ x'g' kb{5 lsgeg] Tof] ;d:of xn gul/sg x'g] r'gfj ;/sf/sf]
nflu dfq xf]Og lt bnx? / k|hftGqsf nflu klg Tolts} dx+uf] x'g ;S5 . jf:tjdf
;/sf/sf nflu jftf{ clxn]sf] ;a}eGbf cx+ dxTj / k|fyldstfsf] sfd xf] . jftf{nfO{
OGsf/ u/]/ cGo s'g} klg s'/fn] ;/sf/sf nflu ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg / lgjf{rgsf] dfu{
k|;:t x'b}g . t/ lj8Dagf, ;/sf/ hgtfsf] zflGtsf] rfxfgfdfly af/af/ kfgL kmfNg]
dfq sfd ul/x]5 . of] cGttM ;/sf/s} nflu pTkfbs 5}g . Psf]xf]/f] 3d08n] Eofu'tfsf]
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