rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
a]n}df gr]t] k5'tfpg' knf{
uf]ljGb clwsf/L
hgj/L @*, @))$
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng ;fDo x'g] nIf0f 5}g . cfGbf]ngsf] sv/ ghfGg]x¿ ljBfyL{nfO{
/fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] u0ftGqsf kIfdf pS;fPsf cf/f]k nufO/x]sf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf]
dgf]lj1fg yfxf kfpg]x¿ o;sf] eofjx kl/0ffdsf] cfsng ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;+:yfkgf
kIf bdg u/]/ cfGbf]ng tx nufpg] dgl:yltdf b]lvG5 . cfk\mg} bnsf] lj/f]w vlk/x]sf
k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf ;/sf/sf] cfo' nDofpg] pkfosf ¿kdf cfGbf]ng
bdgnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ bfpdf b]lvG5g\ . k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng
ul//x]sf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] klg o; k6ssf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] nIf0f
lrGg ;s]sf] ;+s]t 5}g . o;f] t :jo+ ljBfyL{ g]tfx¿df klg cfGbf]ngsf]
p2]Zo / uGtJosf af/]df cndn b]lvPsf] 5 . oBlk /fhgLlts g]tfx¿eGbf pgLx¿
a9L :ki6 eg] 5g\ . o;} a]nf /fhfn] 6fOD;nfO{ lbPsf] cGtjf{tf{n] klg ;xdlt /
;+jfb eGbf ljå]if / lju|x g} a9fpg] nIf0f b]lvof] . /fhfn] bnx¿n]
3'sL{ nufPsf] eGg] / bnx¿n] /fhfn] wDsL lbPsf] 7fGg] u?Gh]n nf]stflGqs
;dfwfg ;+ej x'Fb}g . sf/0f ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿ / /fhf gldn'Gh]n dfcf]jfbLnfO{
tx nufpg ;+ej b]lvPsf] 5}g .
/fh / bnx¿sf] x7sf sf/0f cfGbf]ng rs{b} uof] / ;/sf/sf] d'Vof{OFn] ljBfyL{x¿
lalRsP . OlvPsf ljBfyL{x¿n] u0ftGqsf] ax;nfO{ b]zJofkL agfOlbP . ca u0ftGqsf]
;afn s6\6/ sDo'lg:6 / /fhgLlt zf:qsf kl08tx¿sf] jf}l4s ljnf;sf] cEof;
dfq /x]g . rf}tf/f, xf6ahf/ / lrof k;nx¿df u0ftGqsf af/]df 5nkmn x'g
yfn]sf] 5 . To; k|sf/sf rrf{x¿df /fhtGqsf kIfdf ts{ lbg]x¿ e]l6+b}gg\
. u0ftGqsf kIfdf pleg grfxg]x¿ klg k|ltjfbdf pqg] cfF6 ub}{gg\ . dfcf]jfbL
lx+;faf6 cft+lst ax';+Vos hgtf o; ax;df klg lg/k]If x''g yfn]sf 5g\ . s]xL bf]wf/df
5g\ . u0ftGqsf kIfdf ;fgf] ;+Vof ePklg a9L d'v/ 5 . To; hdftn] l/Qf] d}bfg e]6]sf]
5 . la:tf/} clxn]sf] cNkdt ax'dtdf kg{ ;Qm5 . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf kIfw/x¿sf
nflu of] lrGtfsf] ljifo aGg'k5{ . g]kfndf /fh;+:yfsf] :yfloTj rfxg]x¿n]
tTsfn o; ax;nfO{ cGt} n}hfg ;Sg'k5{ .
;+;b\jfbLx¿ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf kIfdf plepGh]n dfcf]jfbLn] b;f}+ xhf/
g]kfnLsf] Hofg lnP/ klg u0ftGqsf] ax;nfO{ olt Jofks agfpg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . dfcf]jfbL
ljb|f]xsf] p2]Zo clxn] cfP/ /fhtGqsf] lj/f]wdf ;Lldt ePsf] 5 . ;+;f/nfO{ e'mSofpg
pgLx¿ ca nf]stGqsf lj?4 af]Ng 5f8]sf 5g\ . nf]stGqjfbLx¿df e|d
l;h{gf ug{ klg dfcf]jfbL ;kmn x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . o;n] klg /fhtGqsf lj?4 hgdt agfpg]
sfd u/]sf] 5 .
;+ejtM @)%( c;f]h !* sf] 36gf gePsf] eP jf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ r'gfj x'g} g;Sg]
a]nfdf k|ltlglw;ef e+u ug{ gpS;fOPsf] eP clxn] ;8sdf /fhf / /fh;+:yflj?4 olt
rsf{ gf/f nfUg] cj:yf pTkGg x'g] lyPg . ;+:yfkgf lj/f]wL rfk ;+;b\n] g} wfGg]
lyof] . l9nf] t eO;Sof] t/ ce}m klg a]nf latL xfn]sf] gx'g ;Qm5 . hgtfsf] gf;f]
;s];Dd rfF8} hgtfnfO{ kmsf{P/ g} /fhfn] clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;Qm5g\
. ljBfyL}{x¿nfO{ sIffdf kmsf{pg ;lsPg eg] o;n] 7"n} ljWj+z ug{ ;Qm5
. kl5Nnf lbgdf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|r08n] pS;fO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n]
g;s]sf] sfd ljBfyL{x¿n] hf] u/]sf 5g\ . ca k|r08 hgdtaf6} u0ftGq Nofpg]
u'8\8L xfFSb}5g\ . dfcf]jfbL /fi6" ;+3Lo dWo:ytfsf] lglDt tof/ ePsf] wfs
nufpFb}5g\ . t/ dfcf]jfbLx¿ e/kg{ ;lsg] zlQm xf]Ogg\ . pgLx¿n]
k6sk6s s'/f k]m/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL pbf/ nf]stGqsf kIfw/ t x'g} ;Q}mgg\ . ;a}n]
of] x]Ssf /fVg'k5{ . cGoyf u+ufbQ Eofs'tfn] ;k{;Fu dLt nufPh:tf] x'g]5 .
;]gfsf] ;u'kmf ls w/ftnsf] oyfy{
zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf w]/}kl5 dfcf]jfbL lj?4 d}bfgdf cfPsf] xf] . tflnd / xltof/
b'a}df sdhf]/ g]kfn k|x/L dfcf]jfbL;Fu Hofgsf] afhL nufP/ h'w]sf] a]nf zlQmzfnL
;]gf tdf;f x]/]/ a;]sf] lyof] . k|x/LnfO{ cfw'lgs xltof/ lbg vf]Hbf klg c8+uf
yflkof] . ;z:q k|x/L ansf] u7gdf klg o:t} c;xof]u ePsf] lyof] . oL ;a}sf] ;du|
kl/0ffd clxn] ;a}n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . oBlk o;sf] bf]if ;]gfnfO{ ;+:yfut¿kdf
lbg eg] ldNb}g . dfcf]jfbL lx+;fnfO hlt g} /fhgLlts ¿k lbP klg o;sf]
:j¿k lx+;fTds ePsfn] of] d"ntM zflGt;'/Iffsf] ;d:of xf] . pgLx¿nfO{
sdhf]/ agfP/ jftf{df /fVg ;s]sf] eP / ;dfwfgsf k|lt ;+:yfkgf kIf u+eL/ / Odfgbf/
ePsf] eP g olt dfgjLo Iflt x'g] lyof] g d'n's cfly{s ¿kdf o;/L ynf g}
kg]{ lyof] . h]xf];\, gx'g'kg]{ eO;s]sf] 5 . ca o;sf] kl/0ffdaf6 pDsg ;ls+b}g
. dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ug'{k5{ / ;d:ofsf] ;s];Dd zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg g} vf]Hg'k5{
eGg]x¿n] klg ;'/Iff k|aGw alnof] kfg'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ kG5fpg ldNb}g
. / o;df zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] e"ldsfsf] dxTj s;}n] pk]Iff ug{ ;Q}mg . o;}n]
;]gfn] s] eG5 Tof] plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .
clxn] cfP/ ;]gfn] k|hftGqsf] /Iffsf nflu n8]sf] / ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]jfbL
3';]sf] bfaL u/]sf] 5 . ;}lgs j[Qdf nf]stGqsf k|lt vf;} df]x b]lv+Psf] lyPg
. oltGh]n p;n] nf]stGqsf nflu n8]sf] eg]sf] klg ;+emgf 5}g . ;]gfleq klg o'ucg'¿k
dfgl;stfdf kl/jt{g ePsf] xf] / nf]stGqsf k|lt df]x hfu]sf] xf] eg] o;sf] ;/fxgf
ug'{k5{ . ´'lSsP/} eP klg nf]stGqsf] gfd ;]gfn] lnof] . ca To;af6 kG5g
;Sg]5}g . o:t} ljBfyL{sf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]jfbLsf] 3';k}7 ePsf]
eGg] bfaLnfO{ klg u+eL/tfk"j{s lng'k5{ . ljBfyL{x¿n] u0ftGqsf] gf/f
nufPs} e/df dfcf]jfbL 3';k}7 ePsf] elgPsf] xf] eg] of] ;u'kmf k|To'Tkfbs x'g;Qm5
. ufpF+n]nfO{ af3 cfof] eg]/ e'mSofpg] uf]7fnfsf syf bf]xf]l/g ;Qm5 . kl5 s;}n]
klg ;]gfsf bfaL kTofpg] 5}gg\ . xf]Og ;fFRr} g} c¿ k|df0f 5g\ eg] hgtfnfO{
klg yfxf lbg'k5{ .
ljBfyL{x¿n] cfk\mgf cfGbf]ngx¿nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ agfO/fVg /0fgLlt
/ sfo{qmdx¿df kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf]5 . cfGbf]ngnfO{ hlt ;+oldt /
zflGtk"0f{ agfpg ;lsG5 To;sf k|lt ;dy{g klg plQs} a9\5 . oBlk g]kfndf zf;sx¿n]
;w}+ ljWj+zsf] efiffdfq a'e\mg] u/]sf] Oltxf; 5 . ;af/Lsf ;fwgdf cfuf] nufP/
ljBfyL{x¿n] /fHosf] ;DklQ Wj:t t agfpg ;Qm5g\ t/ To;n] cfGbf]ngsf k|lt
ljt[i0ff klg pTkGg u/fpg ;Qm5 . ljWj+zaf6} kl/jt{g vf]Hg] xf] eg] dfcf]jfbL
/ ;+;b\jfbLx¿sf aLrdf cGt/ s] /x\of] / < zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng
g}lts¿kdf ;zQm x'G5 . cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] cfk"mn] kL8f ;x]/ c¿dfly
g}lts bafj l;h{gf u5{g\ . o;}n] of] af6f] sl7g / si6s/ 5 . ;Qfwf/Lx¿
;w}+ cfGbf]ngnfO{ lx+;fTds agfpg rfxG5g\ . cfGbf]ng lx+;fTds eof] eg] an k|of]usf]
cf}lrTo ;flat ug{ hf] ;lsG5 . oBlk of] d'Vof{OF ;w} g} k|To'Tkfbs x'g] u/]sf]
5 . o; k6s klg g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] g]t[Tjdf jiff{ tfsf ePsf] ;Tofu|xs} a]nf ;+jfbsf]
yfngL ul/Psf] eP u0ftGqsf] ax; clxn]hlt b]zJofkL x'g] lyPg .
ca g]kfnL hgtfdfly ;j{;QfjfbL zf;g yf]kg]{ if8\oGqsf lj?4 b]zleq / aflx/sf ;a}
g]kfnL / g]kfnsf ldqx¿ a]n}df ;r]t x'g' cfjZos 5 . gq kl5 k5'tfpg' l;afo
c¿ s]xL ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
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