rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
h}ljs g}ltstf / g]kfnLx?sf] ;/f]sf/
z'ez+s/ sF8]n,
hfkfg, km]j|'c/L !(, @))$
dfgjLo hLjgsf] d"Nosf af/]df jt{dfg ljZjdf ;a}eGbf a9L ax; e}/x]sf] 5 .
7Ls To;}u/L dfgj ;+xf/sf] l;nl;nf klg tLj| alg/x]sf] ljifodf zfob} ladlt xf]nf
. ckmuflg:tfgaf6 z'? ePsf] 3f]lift dfgj ;+xf/sf] qmd olta]nf O/fs x'Fb} O/fg
l;/of pQ/ sf]l/ofdf k|j]z ug]{ vt/f lgs6 e}/x]sf] 5 . csf{lt/ cfGtl/s u[xo'4sf
gfddf g]kfn ef/t >Ln+sf nufotsf b}zx? kLl8t e}/x]sf 5g . olx j]nf Plzofsf
ljsl;t b]zx? hfkfg rLg blIf0f sf]l/of / ef/tdf h}ljs g}ltstf / hLg ;+/If0f tyf
lj:tf/sf ljifodf 3lge"t ?kn] ax; ul//x]sf 5g . ;g !((& df ef/tsf] r]GgfOaf6
z'? ePsf] PlzofnL h}ljs g}ltstf ;DaGwL ax; / ;+u7gn] olta]nf ;Dd w]/} r/0fx?
kf/ ul/;s]tfklg g]kfndf o; ;DaGwL s'g} sfo{qmd ePsf} 5}g . xfd|f] b]zdf klg
d]l8sn sn]h / lrlsT;f lzIffsf] lgs} rxnkxn a9]sf] 5 . t/ cGt/f{li6|o d+rx?df
o; ljifodf s'/f p7fpg] lbzflt/ Wofg lbPsf] kfOFb}g .
ut xKtfdfq hfkfgdf h}ljs g}ltstf ;DaGwL kf+rf} ;Dd]ng eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg eof]
. clxn] Plzofsf dxTjk"0f{ ljZjljBfnox?df afof} OlyS; ;DaGwL df:6;{ / lkPr8L;Ddsf]
cWofkg z'? ePsf] 5 . dflg;sf] Pp6f hLgsf] af/]df ;d]t s}of}+ ;f]wkqx? ;d]t tof/
ePsf 5g . dfgjLo c+ux?sf] laqmL ljt/0f / dfgj cf];f/k;f/sf] ck/fw a9g nfu]sf]
a]nf afof]OlyS;sf] jx;n] ljifonfO{ lgs} u+eL/ agfPsf] 5 . Plzofdf afof]OlyS;sf]
ax; rnfpg] >]o Go'lhNof08sf k|f]km];/ 8fS6/ 8]l/n Dff;]/nfO{ hfG5 . xfn df;}/
hfkfgsf r's'jf ljZjljBfnodf cWofkg ul//x]sf 5g . eg] PlzofnL h}ljs g}ltstf ;+3sf
;lrj ;d]t x'g . oBlk ;j{k|yd afof]OlyS; zJbnfO{ cl3 ;fg]{ lj4fg eg] hd{gLsf
efg cf/ kf}Q/ x'g . ;Dd]ngs} qmddf s]xL /f]rs rrf{ klg eof] ls kf]Q/ ;j{xf/ju{sf}
uLt n]Vg] o:h] kf]Q/sf bfh'efO t lyPgg . df;]/sf cg';f/ h}ljs g}ltstf eg]sf]
dfgaLo hLjgsf d"No / dfGotfsf] ;'Id cWoog xf] . h;n] dflg;sf] hLjgnfO{
dfof ug}{ / c?x?sf] hLjgnfO{ ;d]t dfof ug{ l;sfpg] Pp6f ljBfsf] ?kdf ;d]t ljsl;t
e}/x]sf] 5 . dfgjLo hLjgdf cfOkg]{ cg]sg ;d:of / vt/fx?sf aLrdf ;fdGh:o / ;dfwfg
vf]h]/ dfgjLo hLjgsf] d"Noaf]w u/fpg] zf:q g} afof]OlyS;sf] ?kdf ljsf;
ePsf] 5 . ljz]if u/Lsg lrlsT;f lj1fgsf If]qdf o;sf] ljz]if dxTj 5 . tyflk oltj]nf
afof]6Sgf]nf]hL / df]lns:n/ afof]nf]hLsf] cWoog ;jf{lws dxTjsf] ljifodf k/]sf]
5 .
cfd;+rf/ / kqsfl/tfsf] ljBfyL{ eP/ klg dnfO{ ;d]t of] ljifon] lgs} cfslif{t
u/]sf] 5 . dflg; ;bf Pp6f ljBfyL{sf ?kdf /xg] dfS;Log l;4fGtn] k|efljt eP/ klg
x'g;S5 . ;+;f/df ljsf; ePsf ;j} ljifo hfg pT;'stf hfuL/xG5 . ;+ejt olx sf/0fn]
d]/f] lbdfudf k9fOk|lt slxNo} ;Gtf]if hfu]g . hfkfgdf cWoog w]/} dx+uf] / lgs}
sl7g 5 . lsgsL oxf+sf] dx+ufO / rsf]{ d"No Pp6f ;fdfGo ljBfyL{n] wfGg lgs}
d'l:sn kb{5 . ;fdfGotof hfkfgsf 6f]lsof], gfuf]of, cf]zfsf nufotsf zx/df k9g]
ljBfyL{x?n] s]xL ;do sfd ug]{ ;+efjgf ;d]t x'g;S5 . t/ afof]OlyS; k9g] ;a}eGbf
/fd|f] ljZjljBfno r's'jf zx/df ;lhn} sfd ug{ / sfd kfpg ;lsg] ;+efjgf cToGt}
Go'g 5 . r's'jfaf6 6f]lsof] zx/df cfpgdfq !% ;o o]g nfUb5 eg] 6f]lsof]af6 l;gsfg;]g
/]ndf gfuf]of / cf];fsf k'Ug em08} !) xhf/b]lv !% xhf/ o]g nfUb5 . ;fdfGotof
xfdLsxfF a; ef8f olt slx+ klg nfUb}g . km]l/ sfdug]{ ;fdfGo sfdfbf/n] klg 8]9
fv o]gb]lv ;f9] b'O{ nfv o}g;Dd kfl/>lds kfp+5g . of] a]Un} s'/f xf] .
afof] OlyS;sf lzIff / o;sf] kl/rosf nflu ;+ejt csf]{ jif{ g}kfndf Pp6f cGt/f{li6|o
5nkmn / ;Dd]ng x'g]jfnf 5 . Tolta]nf;Dd xfd|f] ;/sf/ / lghL ljZjljBfnox?n] o;
ljifodf Wofg lbP eg] g]kfndf g} afof]6]Sgf]nf]hLsf ;fy} afof]OlyS; lzIffsf]
cWoog ug]{ ;a}eGbf ;'ne :yfg klg aGg ;S5 . o;sf nflu cGt/f{li6|o / PlzofnL ;++:yfx?n]
;xof]u ;d]t ug{ ;Sg] s'/f k|f]= df;]/n] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
x/]s 7fp+df Ps g Ps /dfOnf s'/fx? t e}xfN5g . kfrf}+ PlzofnL afof]OlyS; ;Dd]ngsf
qmddf s'/fsfgL rNb} hf+bf xfdL;Fu O/fgsf k|f]= cln /fhfsL >LdtLn] lgs} x;fOg
ls afof]OlyS;df nfu]sf ;a}sf Ps Ps j6L 5f]/Ldfq 5g s] crDd xf] elgg . ev{/dfq
xfd|f] kl/ro / enfs'';f/L rn]sf] lyof] . ;+of]u k|f]= df;]/sf] k|f]= cln/fhfsf]
klg Pp6f dfq 5f]/L /x]5g . kl/rosf qmddf atfpFbf d]/L klg Ps dfq 5f]/L / k|]d
s}bLsL klg Ps dfq 5f]/L . of] a]Un} s'/f xf] ls xfdL afo]OlyS; eGbf klg cfd;+rf/
/ ldl8of OlyS;sf ljBfyL{ xf}+ . ptf ef/tsf k|f]= hokfn chl/xfsf eg] tLg j6L
5f]/L /x]5g . zfob hokfn afof]nf]hLsf] ljBfyL{ gePsf] eP 5f]/f x'g g;s]sf]df
>LdltnfO{ bf]if lbP/ csL{ >L+dtL ljafx ug{ klg ;Sy] . lsgls ef/t / g]kfnsf]
Pp6} lxGb" / 5f]/f rflxg] ;++++:sf/ xf] . t/ afof]nf]hLn] s;}sf] klg 5f]/f
/ 5f]/L hGdg'df nf]Ug] dfG5]s} k|d'v e"ldsf x'g] atfpF5 . /dfOnf] h] ePtfklg
afof] OlyS; klg jt{dfg ljZjdf clgjfo{ ?kn] k9g' kg]{ / s'g}klg xfntdf pk]Iff
ug{ gldNg] ljifo xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ lzIffljbx?n] cfTd;fy ug}{ k5{ eGg' cGoyf
x'g] 5}g .
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