rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
/fhfsf] cfd af]nL
z]v/ 9'+u]n
km]j|'c/L @!, @))$
jt{dfg >L % dxf/fhlw/fhaf6 ljutsf ;a} /fhfeGbf cnUu} Jojxf/ k|:t't x'g yfn]sf
5g\ .
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] dd{ x]g]{ xf] eg] >L % sf )%( c;f]hkl5sf
s]xL lqmofsnfk Psflt/ Ps cfd /fhg}lts g]tfsf] h:tf] t csf]{lt/ ;lqmo ePsf] dx;';
x'G5 .
s]xL ;docl3 >L % sf] 6fOd klqsfsf] cGtjftf{ Pp6f kl5Nnf] s8L dfq lyof] .
o;cl3 b'O{ k6s :yfgLo klqsfdf dfq} geO{ k"jf{~rn / ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn
Pj+ xfn} dWodf~rnsf] ;Djf]wgdf ;d]t To:t} efjgf JoQm ul/aS;]sf] 5 .
;d:6Ldf x]bf{ jt{dfg >L % nfO{ g]kfnL /fhgLltdf ljz]if rfv ePsf] cg'dfg ;lhn}
ug{ ;lsG5 . h'g df}h'bf ;+ljwfgsf] ljkl/t b]lvG5 .
hgtfsf] ljZjf; s] lyof] eg] /fhfsf] sbd ljjfbljxLg, ;sf/fTds / bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf]
x'G5 . h:tf] ls egf}+ )#^ ;fnsf] hgdt ;+u|x, @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0fdf
:j= /fhf jL/]Gb|af6 v]lnaS;]sf] e"ldsf . t/ )%( cf;f]hsf] sbdn] ax'dt hgtfsf]
kIfdf ;fy lbPsf] ;Gb]z lbg ;s]g . o; cj:yfdf >L % af6 ;+odtfk"j{s ;f]rL
aS;g' kg]{df :j+od\ Ps cfd /fhg}lts bnsf g]tf em}+ s]xL lglZrt ;d'xsf] ;fy lnO{
cGo /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfk|lt k|ToIf ?kn] c;Gt'i6L JoQm ul/aS;]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{
/fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx? laRs]sf / ;a}nfO{ jf ;a}k|lt ;dfg b[li6 /fVg] /fh;+:yfsf]
dof{lbt k/Dk/f tf]l8Psf] 5 .
>L % af6 )%( c;f]hsf] sbdkl5 lsg cd's ljsNk lbO{ /fi6|df /fhg}lts :yfloTj
lbg ;lsaS;]g < oxL g} ca cxd\ k|Zg alg ;8sdf k'u]sf] 5 . >L % sf] sbd
kl5sf] b'a} dlGqd08n c;kmn eO{ /fhg}lts 4G4 ;dfKt ug{ ;sf/fTds ;+s]t gb]lvPsf]
dfq} xf]Og emg} gofF 4G4n] lalqmt ?k ln+b} uPsf] 5 . !# jif]{ jjf{bLsf] bf]if
lul/hf / g]kfnn] af]s]sf lyP eg] cfh /fhfn] Aofh ;lxtsf] ef/ af]Sg'k/]sf] 5
. g]tfx?k|lt g}/fZo ePsf hgtf of] gofF 4G4sf] ef/n] emg} lklN;Psf / ca k/Dk/fut
;f]raf6 e8\lsg yfn]sf 5g\ . h'g /fh;+:yfsf] nflu k|To'Tkfbs aGb} uPsf] b]lvG5
.
s]xL dlxgf cufl8 Ps :yfgLo klqsfnfO{ lbPsf] cGt/jftf{df ælxhf] k|s[lt
;+/If0fÆ sf] lhDd]jf/L lyof] cfh æ/fi6| ;+/If0fÆsf] lhDd]jf/L
cfOk/]sf] 5 elg aS;]sf] cy{ >L % k|ToIf /fhgLltdf ;lqmo x'g rfx]sf] b]lvG5
h'g df};'km :jo\dn] af/Daf/ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;+j}wflgs /fhf eP/ a:g] egL JoQm
k|ltj4tfsf] cad"Nog ePsf] 5 .
:jb]z jf ljb]zdf ePsf o'jf lk9L+ k/Dk/fut cjwf/0ffaf6 cufl8 a9]sf] cfhsf] cj:yfdf
b]zsf efjL lbgsf oL gLltlgdf{tf tL o'jf lk+9Lsf] dgf]efj cg'?k kl/jt{g x'g'
cfjZos b]lvG5 . b'O{ bzs cufl8;Ddsf] h:tf] l:ylt lzIff xfFl;n ug]{ clg ;/sf/L
gf]s/L vfO{ -/fhfsf] l;Gb'/_ JolQmTj ljsf; ug]{ eGg] s'/f ca bGTo syf eO;Sof]
. ;fy} g]kfndf cfh;Dd klg hlt dfgj dfgjaLrsf] d"No / dfGotf ;dfh xf] eGg]
efjgfn] cf+lzs :yfg lng ;s]sf] 5}g . ;dfhdf cfh klg xh'/, tkfO{+, ltdL / tF
u/L rf/ :t/sf dflg; b]lvG5g\ . To;f] t ;dfg dfgljo d"Nosf s'/f ubf{ /fhfnfO{
tkfO{{ / /fhfn] hgtfnfO{ tkfO{{ eGg'kb{5 eGg] efjgfn] b]zdf :yfg cf]u6\b} uPsf]
5 .
cfh ;8sdf Oltxf;d} klxnf]k6s v'Nnd v'Nnf æ/fhfÆ lj?4 gf/f 3Gsg yfn]sf
5g\ . lxhf];Dd k9]n]]v]sf s]xL hgtf /fhfsf] lj/f]wdf nfu]sf x'g\ . ztk|ltzt
ufpFsf ;f]emf hgtf /fhfnfO{ lji0f'sf] cjtf/ dfGb5g\ eGg] wf/0ff lyof] . Tof]
klg k|r08sf ;}lgs alglbP/ ldYof ;fljt u/fO;s]sf 5g\ . tyflk k|r08, afa'/fd,
dx/fsf ljleGg k6ssf egfOdf >L % sf] cl:tTjnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Ps} xf] . bofsf
vfgL g]kfnL hgtf efjgfTds Pj+ ;+:s[lts} ?kdf klg g]kfnsf] /fh;+:yfsf] lg/Gt/tf
;a}n] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . o; cj:yfdf >L % af6 :j= /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] em}+ Tofuk"0f{
Jojxf/sf] dx;'; /fi6|n] ug{ kfpg'kg]{ lyof] .
>L % nfO{ lul/hf jf dfwj g]kfnl;t lrQ b'v]sf] xf]nf To;df hgtfsf] s] bf]if
< /fhf, lul/hf / k|r08 larsf] 4G4sf] ljlelifsfaf6 hgtf lklN;Psf 5g\ To;sf]
d'lQmsf] dfu{ v} < >L % sf] cGtjftf{n] b]zdf /fhg}lts 4G4 emg} ylkb} hfg]
b]lvG5 o;sf] cy{ b]zdf /fhg}lts :yfloTjsf] af6f] w]/} 6f8f x'Fb}5 .
xf] b]zdf 5 ;ft bzs kf/ u/]sf / æh+u]Æ dfgl;stfaf6 k|efljt g]tf
dfq b]lvG5g\ / ltgn] ca ;dfNg ;Sb}gg\ klg ca >L % sf] sbd ;Qf gftL k':tfdf
hfg] x'g'k5{ . gftL k':tfn] sd;]sd cfufdL !)) jif{;Dd 4G4ljxLg /fhg}lts /fhdfu{sf]
lgdf{0f ub{5 .
>L % sf cfd /fhg}ltssdL{ em}+ cGtjftf{ lbg] qmdn] b]zdf /fhg}lts :yfloTjsf]
u'GhfO; g} gx'g] eof] t egL a'l4hLjLsf] lrGtf kg'{ :jefljs klg xf] . lsgeg]
>L % sf] ;}lgss} andf tTsfnsf nflu s]xL ;sf/fTds g} dflgg] sbd rflnaS;]klg
sfnfGt/;Dd rNg] 4G4n] z'? lbgsf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsb}g .
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