rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
lubf]{ ;/sf/L lzIff, dx+uf] gLlh If]q / pk]lIft ;d'bfo
e"kfgGb ljZjsdf{
dfr{ %, @))$
eGg] ul/G5 lzIff g} JolQm, ;dfh / /fi6"sf] d'xf/ km]g]{ Ps z;Qm ;fwg xf]
. lglZrt ?kdf lzIff g} To:tf] cr's c:qf] xf], h;n] eflj ;dfhnfO{ s'g lbzflt/
n}hfg,] To;sf] lgSof]n u5{ . t/ To;sf nflu s:tf] lzIff x'g' kb{5 < o; tkm{
pko'Qm gLltsf ;fy sfof{Gojog ug]{ lgsfo / ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] b[9 k|ltaåtf
x'g' kb{5 . s] xfdLn] eGg] u/]sf] jt{dfg lzIff To; tkm{ s]Gb|Lt 5 < s] jt{dfgdf
;~rflnt ;fd'bflos ljBfnoaf6 To:tf] lzIffsf] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 < s] ;/sf/ lzIff
ljbx?n] k]z u/]sf lzIff ;DalGw k|ltj]bg OdfGbfl/tfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ug{ slxNo}
tTk/ eof] < oL / o:tf cg]sf} cg'Ql/t k|Zgx? 5g\, h;n] lzIff If]qnfO{ ;+w}
cGof]n u|:tdfq agfPsf] 5}g, hfgfhfgL b'O{ k|sf/sf ju{ pTkfbg ul//x]sf] 5 . h'g
eljiosf nflu z'e ;+s]t x'g ;Sb}g . lt b'O{ ju{ dWo] Pp6f ju{ pTkfbg ug]{ lgsfo
eg]sf] lghL If]q xf] . h;n]] lzIff If]qdf x'g] /fhgLlts x:tIf]k / cGo c;/nfO{
;dodf g} klxrfg u/L To; ljs[ltaf6 w]/} dfly p7]/ b]znfO{ cfjZos kg]{ bIf hgzlQm
pTkfbg u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ 7"nf] pknlAw dfGg} kb{5 .
pbfx/0fsf nflu eGg] xf] eg] s]lx jif{ cl3 ;Dd $÷% hgf lrlsT;sx? pTkfbgsf
nflu sf]nDaf] Knfg / To:t} Ps b'O{ b]zx?af6 k|fKt x'g] 5fqj[lQ sf]6fnfO{ kv{g'
kg]{ cj:yf lyof] . t/ xfn Ps z}lIfs ;qdf lglh If]qdf dfq sl/a ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf
ljBfyL{x?n] d]l8sn k9g kfO/x]sf 5g\ . To:t} lglh If]qåf/f ;~rflnt pBf]u,
snsf/vfgf cflbn] cfgf] Joj;fonfO{ cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm lglh If]qs} lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 pTkflbt dfu ub{5g\ . sf/0f lglh If]qn] pgLx?sf] cfjZostf k"lt{
ug{ ;Sg] >dzlQm pTkfbg ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ dxFufOsf sf/0f lglh If]qaf6 pknAw
u/fOg] lzIff ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] kxFr eGbf aflx/ 5 eg] ;'ljwf ;DkGg / vf; u/L b]zsf
d'Vo zx/df dfq s]Gb|Lt ePsfn] klg kfos kg]{ :yfgdf pknAw u/fpg ;s] yf]/} nufgLn]
klg k9g ;Sg]n] k|fKt ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ eg] ;dfhdf pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf /x]sf] blnt
;d'bfo h;nfO{ k|fo M hLjg pTyfgsf ;Dk"0f{ kIfaf6 nfdf] ;do b]lv jl~rt ul/Psf]
lyof] / jt{dfg ;do cyf{t k|hftGq / dfgj clwsf/n] JofKt o'udf ;d]t e]befjsf]
lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g\, ltgLx?sf nflu lgz'Ns elgPsf] ;fj{hlgs -;/sf/L_ lzIffdf ;d]t
k|j]z ;xh eO;s]sf] 5}g eg] lglh If]qsf] lzIff t emg pgLx?sf nflu kmnfdsf] Ro'/f
;fljt eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L lubf]{ ;/sf/L lzIffaf6 ddf{xt / dx+uf] lglh lzIffaf6
pk]lIft 5g\ ul/a Pj+ blntsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx? .
Psflt/ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug]{ z}lIfs ;+:yfdf ul/ax?sf nflu o:tf] ca:yf 5
eg] ;/sf/L If]qaf6 k|bfg ul/g] lzIffdf kl/jt{gsf gfddf k|To]s tLg tLg dlxgfdf
lzIff ;DalGw P]g sfg"g, lgod, lgodfjnLsf] kl/jt{g / ;+zf]wgn] cfGbf]ng
ug]{x?sf] nflu yk O:o' dfq agfO/x]ssf] 5 . lzIfs / ljBfyL{x? s'g} dfu /fvL cfGbf]lnt
eP ls tt\ ;DalGw k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ sfo{ bn u7g ug{ ;/sf/ h;/L xtfl/G5 To;/L
tof/ u/L k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bg jf lzIff ;DaGwL l;kmfl/;x?sf] Go"gtd ?kd} ePklg
sfof{Gjog ug]{ ul/Psf] eP, ;fob lzIff If]qn] Pp6f plrt af6f] lnO;SYof] xf]nf
. t/ To;/L k]z ul/Psf k|ltj]bgx? k|foM b/fhdf yGSofpg' afx]s csf]{ sfd ;/sf/n]
u/]sf]] b]lvb}g . o;/L t'?Gtf t'?Gt} lzIffsf lgoddf ul/g] ;+zf]wg / kl/jt{gn]
klg ;/sf/sf] z}lIfs gLltdf l:y/tf 5}g eGg] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] pbfx/0f vf]Hg
w]/} klxn]sf j[tfGt vf]Hg' kb}{g . @)$( ;fndf u7g ul/Psf] lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg
sfof{Gjog gub}{ km]/L pRr :t/Lo lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg @)%% hf/L ul/of] .
To;sf] sfof{Gjogdf klg jf:tf u/]sf] b]lvPg . jf:tjdf clxn] ;Dd u7g ul/Psf k|ltj]bgx?df
pRr lzIff cfof]]usf] k|ltj]bg @)%% n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf sfo{qmdx? g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf
;do ;fGble{s lyP . To;df lzIfssf] k]zfut bIftf, dof{bf, lzIfssf] kbf]GtL, lzIf0f
k]zfdf nfu]sfx? To;}df bQlrt eO{ cem d]xgtsf ;fy v6'g / hLljsf] kfh{gsf nflu
cGo If]q tkm{ xft k;fg{ gk/f]; eGgfsf nflu plrt kfl/>lds / lgj[lQe/0fsf]
Joj:yf, ;dfhdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf] ju{nfO{ lzIffdf kx'Fr s;/L k'¥ofpg], ;dsflng
;dfhn] s:tf] lzIffsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul//x]sf] 5 / b]znfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg s:tf]
lzIff cfjZos 5 / To;sf] k|flKtsf nflu s] s] ug'{ kb{5 , To;sf] ljlw ;lxtsf]
lj:t[t tYodf cfwfl/t s'/fx? ;d]l6Psf] ;flRrs} pRr :tl/o k|ltj]bg l;kmfl/; ul/Psf]
lyof] . t/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog tkm{ s'g} Wofg} lbPg .
km]/L nuQ} lzIff ;]jf cfuf]usf] u7g ul/of] . pko'Qm pDd]bjf/sf] l;kmfl/;sf nflu
Ps clwsf/ ;DdGg z;Qm lzIff cfof]usf] h?/L lyof] / ;f]lx cg';f/ u7g klg eof]
. h; cGtu{t lzIf0f k]zfdf ;+nUg x'g rfxg]n] nfO;]G; lng' kg]{ / t/ nfO;]G; lngsf
nflu tflnd k||fKt jfx]s cGon] cfj]bg ug{ gkfOg] / nfO;]G; lnPsfn] dfq lzIff
cfof]uaf6 :yfoL lzIfssf nflu lnOg] lj1fkgdf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] lgod aGof] . km]/L
csf]{ s] eof] eg] @)%@ ;fndf lnPsf] :yfoL kl/Iffdf c:yfoL ?kdf sfo{/t lzIfsx?
klg c;kmn eP . To;df tflnd k|fKt / ck|fKt b'j} k/] . To;df sltko lzIfsx?n] lgj[Q
x'g] cjlw ;Dd c:yfoL kbdf /lx cWofkg u/] . Psflt/ c;kmn x'g' csf]{lt/ cfufdL
lj1fkgdf klg ;+nUg x'g gkfOg] . o;n] ubf{ pgLx?sf nflu cfGbf]ng jfx]s csf]{
pkfo s] x'g ;SYof] . o; cy{df kLl8tx?n] cfGbf]ng ug'{ :jefljs dflgG5 eg] bjfjs}
sf/0f w]/} k6s ;/sf/sf gLlt ;+zf]wg jf kl/dfh{g ePsf x'Fbf bjfa ;xh eO/x]sf]
h:tf] klg b]lvG5 . To;f] t k]zfut ;+3 ;u7g vf]ln ;+u7g dfkm{t cf-cfgf]
clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu bjfj lbg kfpg] Joj:yf lzIff P]gn] g} ;+/lIft u/]s} 5 .
bjfj lbPs} sf/0f, lj;f}+ lt;f}+ jif{ ;Dd cWofkg u/L cfgf] ;Dk"0f{
hLj To;}df Joltt u/]sf lzIfsx?n] k]zG;g kfpFb}glyP, kfpg] eP . oBkL @)%( ;fn
b]lv otf :yfoL lgo'lQm x'g]n] eg] lgj[lQe/0f gkfpg] u/fPsf] b]lvG5 . c:yfoL
lzIfsx?sf] bjfjs} sf/0f, lzIf0f cg'dltsf nflu lj1fkg ul/Psf] w]/} ;do Joltt
eO;Sbf klg c:yfoL ?kdf cWofkg ul//x]sfx?sf t/ tflnd k|fKt gePsfx?sf nflu km]/L
lzIf0f cg'dltkq lng] hfFrdf ;xeflu x'g kfpg] Joj:yf ug{ kl/Iff ;DalGw sfo{qmd
k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5}g / ;f] ;DalGw lgod ;+zf]wg ug{ cfof]]un] plxNo} l;kmfl/;
ul/;s]sf] k|sfzdf cfPsf] lyof] . km]/L ev{/} c:yfoL lzIfsx?n] ljleGg dfu /flv
u/]sf] cfGbf]ndf lzIff dGqfno / cfGbf]ng/t c:yfoL lzIfsx?sf] aLr jftf{ x'Fbf
Ps jif{b]lv sfo{/t c:yfoL lzIfsnfO{ cfGtl/s k|lt:kwf{af6 :yfoL ug]{ ;xdtL ePsf]
k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . jiff}{ ;Dd ;]jf u/]sf lzIfsx? dsf{df kg'{ x'b}g . To;df b'O{
dt gxf]nf . Ps jif{ b]lv c:yfoL ?kdf sfo{/t lzIfsx?nfO{ dfq cfGtl/s k|lt:kwf{af6
:yfoL ug]{ . t/ lzIf0f k]zfdf ;+nUg x'g rfxg] tflnd k|fKt gu/]sfn] lzIf0f cg'dlt
/ :yfoL kbsf nflu hfFr ;d]t lbg gkfpg] Joj:yfn] xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf j]/f]huf/
eO{ al;/x]sf csf]{ hdftnfO{ cfGbf]ng ug}{ kg]{ afWotf ;[hgf gxf]nf eGg ;lsb}g
. To; cj:yfdf km]/L ;/sf/sf] of] 3f]if0ff kl/jt{g x'b}g eGg] s] Uof/]lG6 5 .
ljutdf ;/sf/n] lzIff If]qdf b]vfPsf pbfl;gtf / #÷^ dlxgfdf u7g ul/g]
cfof]un] o:t} 5gs lbO/x]sf] 5 . cem csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg] c:yfoL
lzIfs lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/ ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ lbP kl5 ljBfno Joj:yfkg
;ldltnn] o;/L lzIfsx? lgo'lQm ug{ yfn] h;df Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf dfG5] jfx]s cGon]
hlt of]Uo ePklg c:yfoL lzIfs kbdf lgo'lQm kfpb}gg\ . o;/L lzIffdf ljs[lt s]
tn s] dfly cj;/ kfpg] hf] sf]lxn] leqofPs} 5g\ . oL ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx?af6 s]
:ki6 x'G5 eg] xfd|f] lzIff k|0ffnLdf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k, gLltut :ki6tfsf] cefj,
dxTjsFlIf of]hgf / sdhf]/ sfof{Gjog x'g] u/]sfn] oxfFsf] lzIff If]q vf;} u/L
cem ;/sf/L ljBfnoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] lzIff tx; gx; eO/x]sf] 5 .
o;/L Pp6} ;dfhdf x'g] vfg]x?sf nflu /f]huf/d"ns lzIff cyf{t k9fO{ ;dflKt
;+u} /f]huf/df ;dfj]z x'g kfpg] lzIff / ul/ax?sf nflu cl:y/tfn] hsl8Psf] j]/f]huf/sf]
rfª} rfª nfUg] lzIff kfpg'n] jt{dfg lzIff k|0ffnLn] Pp6} ;dfhaf6 b'O{
j6f ju{x? pTkfbg ul//x]sf] 5 eGbf km/s gknf{ .
cem ;/sf/L ljBfnodf lbOg] lzIff / lglh z}lIfs ;+:yfaf6 lbOg] lzIffdf leGgtf
5ls 5}g eGg] b'O{ rf/ jif{ otfsf P;=Pn=;L=kl/Iffsf] kl/Iffdf lglh If]qsf ljBfonaf6
hfFr lbPsfx? dWo] sl/a cl;k|ltzt eGbf a9L ;kmn x'g' / ;/sf/L ljBfnoaf6 hfFr
lbPsfx? dWo]af6 krf; k|ltzt eGbf sd plQ0f{ x'g'n] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] lj/f]wfefif
lsg eO/x]sf] 5 . olx lx;fan] lzIffnfO{ cuf8L a9fpFb} hfg] xf] eg] ef]lnsf lbgx?df
;/sf/L ljBfnoaf6 P;=Pn=;L=plq0f{ ljBfyL{x? e]§fpg ufx|f] gknf{ eGg ;lsb}g
. jfh'/f lhNnfdf cWofkg ug]{ d]/f Pshgf glhssf ;flyn] uPsf] P;=Pn=;L=df lhNnf
el/df Ps hgf ljBfyL{ dfq plQ0f{ ePsf] b'Mv nfUbf] glthf ;'gfO{ ;Sg' ePsf] lyof]
.
cGTodf s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] ;d:of cfOkbf{ sfo{bn / cfof]u dfq u7g u/]/ sbflk ;d:ofsf]
;dfwfg x'Fb}g . a? ljleGg ;dodf sfo{bn / cfof]un] lbPsf ;'emfjx?nfO{ Jojxfl/s
tl/sfn] Go"g ?kdf ePklg sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] s]lx xb ;Dd ;d:ofsf]
6'Ëf]df k'Ug d2t ldNg ;Snf . jt{dfg lzIff k|0ffnL x'g] / gx'g]sf aLrdf
ljeflht 5 . lzIff ?kL1fgaf6 x'g] cem} x'Fb} hfg] / gx'g] x]/]/ a:g] / To;af6
jl~rt x'Fb} hfg] xf] eg] Pp6f k|hftflGqs d"n'ssf nflu Tof] eGbf nfhdbf]{
c? s]lx x'g ;Sb}g\ . t;y{ jt{dfg ;Gbe{df ;/sf/L lzIffsf] t'ngfdf lglh If]qaf6
k|bfg ul/g] lzIff ;do ;fk]If ePsf] s'/f :jLsfo{ 5 . To;df gx'g]x?sf] klg kx'Fr
a9fpg pko'Qm gLltsf] th'{df / k|efjsf/L sfofGjog ub}{ ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 ;~rflnt
lzIffnfO{ lglh If]q;+u d]nvfg] agfpg' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] b[9 OR5fzlQm / k|ltaåtf x'g' h?/L 5 . k|ltaåtfaf6
dfq k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5, /f]]huf/d"ns / b]z ;'xfpFbf] lzIff . lglh If]qaf6
;~rflnt sf7df08f}+ ljZjljBfnon] 5f]6f] ;dodf g} cfjZostf cg';f/sf] lzIff k|bfg
ug{ ;s]sf] Jojxf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] lsg cg';/0f gug]{ . olQ k|ltaåtfnfO{ Jojxf/df
Go"g ?kd} ePklg ptfg{ g;Sg]x?n] j}1flgs lzIff dfq eg]/ cfkm'nfO{ qmflGtsf/L
b]vfpg'sf] s'g} t's /xFb}g / P]g÷lgodfjnLsf] dfq ;+zf]wg u/]/ k'Ub}g
;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Jojxf/df ;d]t ;+zf]wg x'g' h?/L 5, lzIffdf ;dfhn] rfx]
cg';f/sf] kl/jt{g Nofpg .
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