rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
h'g kIfsf dfl/P klg dg]{ t xfdL g}
ef/tL uf}td
dfr{ @$, @))$
ev{/} DofUbLsf] a]gL ahf/df ePsf] le8Gtdf dfl/g]x?sf] ;+Vofdf s'g kIfsf slt
dfl/Psf lyP eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb eO{ b'j} kIfn] cfkm\gf] kIfsf] Iflt sd ePsf] t/
ljkIfsf] Iflt a9L ePsf] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . h;sf] kIfdf hlt Iflt eP klg tL ;a}
xfd|} g]kfn cfdfsf ;Gtfg lyP / jiff}{{b]lv pgLx? ;a} g} Pp6} 3/df cfkmg} bfh'efO
clg lbbL alxgL hlts} lgs6 x'g] uy]{ eGg] tYonfO{ s;}n] jf:tf u/] h:tf] b]lvPg
.
ækfFr ;o dfcf]jfbL dfl/PÆ klxnf] ;dfrf/df of] ;/sf/L bfjL lyof]
eg] dfcf]jfbLsf ;"qn] cfkm\gf] kIfsf dfl/g]x?sf] ;+Vof Tof] eGbf w]/} sd
atfP . pgLx?sf cg';f/ / c? yk ;dfrf/n] klxn] atfOP eGbf lgSs} a9Lsf] ;+Vofdf
;'/IffsdL{x? dfl/Psf va/x? cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
o;}u/L c? lgbf]{if gful/s gful/s klg dfl/Psf] k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . o:t} o:t} c?
klg a]Un} ;dfrf/ c? s]xL lbg;Dd cfO/xg' gf}nf] x}g . ;+Vofdf ePsf] tndfly s'g
kIfsf / slt hgf ;fdfGo gful/s cflbsf] juL{s/0fdf ePsf] ljleGgtfn] dg]{x?sf]
/ pgLx?sf cfkmGtx?sf] hLjgdf vf; km/s kfb}{g . dg]{x?sf] ;+VofnfO{ c+sdfq 7fg]/
x]/\of}+ eg] pgLx?sf] cg'xf/ clg Tof] d[To' atfpFbf s]aj d[ts nfzsf] ulGt x'G5
. IftljIft nfz, r'l8Psf xft jf v'§f, 6fpsf] Psflt/ hLp csf{lt/ eP/ 6'lqmPsf
zl//x? ePsf tL d[t uL8x? eGbf a9L dxTjsf x'Fb}gg\ .
æxfd|f] kIfsf] Tolt Iflt t ePg 5Æ csf]{ kIfn] t To;} gDa/ a9fP/
cfkm\gf dfl/PsfnfO{ klg xfd|} 7fg]/ ulGt u/]5g\Æ o:tf o:tf afSof+zn] b'j}
kIfx? cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 9'Ss x'g] u5{g\ . d[t 6fpsfx? ug]/ s;]n] sxfF
ljhosf] em08f uf8\g] xf] s'lGg t/ cfkm\gf] 3/ leq km/km/fP klg To;sf] km/km/n]
lbPsf] 9'Ss leq cfkmGt dfl;bf nfu]sf] rf]6sf] kL8f / UnfgLn] /f]Psf] x[bo n's]sf]
5}g eGg lgSs} ufx|f] 5 .
Ps ;od lyof] ha xfd|f] d'n'ssf] ufpF3/df k}bn ofqf ubf{ uGtJo k'Ug'cl3 aLrdf
/ftk/]kl5 5]pdf ePsf] s'g} klg 3/sf] 9f]sf 9s\9sfpFbf dw'/ d':sfgsf] :jfutn]
v'n]sf] 9f]sf s'g} k/fO{sf] geP/ cfkm\g} nfUYof] . cfkm"eGbf s]xL pd]/
a9L ePdfx? bfh' jf lbbLx? sd pd]/sfnfO{ efO / alxgLx? s]xL kfsf eP sfsf, af,
cfd}, hLjf cflb ;fOg' nufP/ To; 3/nfO{ cfkm\g} 7fgL af; a:g' s'g} cgf}7f] x'Fb}gYof]
. kfx'gf b]jtf x'g] egL 3/df kfs]sf] ?vf];'vf], l9+9f]/f]6L, af+9]/ vfg] / v'jfpg]
rng xfd|f] d'n'ssf] ljz]iftf lyof] . kfvf klt{, h+un a:tL xfdLnfO{ cfkm\g} nfUbYof]
. cfkm\gf] d'n'ssf] l;dfgfleqsf ;a}nfO{ cfkm\g} bfh'efO, lbbLalxgL nfUg] uYof]{
. ef}lts ?kn] ljkGg xfd|f] d'n's dgsf] ;f/} ;DkGg lyof] . To;} ePsfn] Psk6s
xfd|f] d'n'ssf] pbf/ x[bo 5fDg] df}sf kfPdf ljb]zLx?;d]t kmsL{ kmsL{ km]/L g]kfn
hfg] uy]{ .
;dosf] clnslt km/sn] dgleq p7fPsf dte]bsf jf/x?n] s]jn cfFvf leq sf]l/Psf z+sfn'
/]vfx?n] dfq s;/L cs:dft efOefO, lbbLalxgLx?aLr b':dgLsf] Tolt 3fts ljif km}nfpg
;kmn x'G5 o:tf] s;/L ;+ej x'G5 / <
cfcfkm\gf] kIfsf] ljhosf nflu ePsf] csf]{ kIfsf hLjgx?sf] cGTonfO{ c+sdf dfq
ulGt gu/]/ tL c+sx?nfO{ hLjg cem cg'/xf/df cg'jfb ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] h'g} kIfsf
eP klg xfdL ;a}sf] dgsf] s'gfdf 5f]lkP/ /x]sf] ckgTj e]l6g ;Sg] s'/f c;+ej 5}g
. h'g;'s} kIf ;dy{s eP klg s'g} hdfgfdf ;a} Pp6} ePsf] tYo ;a} dgsf] lelq txdf
n's]/ /x]sf] 5 .
hf];'s} tkm{af6 cfkm\gf] egL bfjL ul/Psf / cfkm\gf] x}g egL 5fl8Psf ndtGg d[t
zl//x? ;a} g} cfcfkm\gf afa' / cfdfsf] cfk;L k|]dsf kl/0ffddfq geP/ tL ;a} g}
hlGdbf v'lzofnL / pT;j dgfOof] xf]nf . clxn] æsÆ kIf / ævÆ
kIfsf] dfq gfd eP klg tL ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] afa' cfdfn] /f]hL /f]hL gfd /fv]sf
lyP xf]nf . clg xfdL c? ;a} h:t} tL nfzx?af6 cfkm\gf kl/jf/x?n] y'k}}|} cfzf
/fv]sf lyP xf]nf . sltko cfdfafa'x? æca aNn 5f]/f] jf 5f]/L cfkm\gf] v'6\6fdf
cleg] ePÆ egL cfkm\gf] a'9\ofOFsf] ef/L hjfg sfFwdf la;fpg 9'Ss lyP xf]nf
. tL dWo] w]/}sf] 3/ 3/sf] 5ftf clg Pp6} cGgbftf eO{ cfPsf] nf]Ug] clg lgbf]{if
lgd'vf afnaRrsf] afa' csf]{ ljbfdf 3/df cfOgk'Ubf / dlxgf d/]/ klg g'g e'6g'
lsGg] bfd cfO{ gk'Ubf tL ;a} g} cfly{s clg dfgl;s ?kn] Ps}rf]6L 6'x'/f / ljwjf
eP xf]nf .
a}+;sf] l;9+Lsf] klxnf] v'8\lsnf] dfq 6]s]sf slt o'jfo'jtL cfkm\gf] b]zsf] clg
;Dk"0f{ dfgj hfltsf] :jtGqtf / zflGtk"0f{ hLjgsf nflu sl6a4 eP klg
cfkm" / cfkm"n] b]v] ;'g]sf x?sf] hLjgs} cGTosf] ck]Iff kSs} /fv]sf
lyPgg\ xf]nf . pgLx?dWo] w]/}n] d'n'snfO{ s'tTjaf6 hf]ufP/ /fhgLlts cfly{s /
;fdflhs If]qdf nfu]sf cGofo cefj / / cljsl;tsf] t'jfnf] x6fpg] k|lt1f cfcfkm\gf]
kl/jf/nfO{ u/]sf lyP xf]nf . h'g kIf ePklg b]znfO{ hf]ufpg] ;kfg]{ clg cfkm"
/ cfkmGtnfO{ ;'vdo nfdf] hLjgsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ afx]s csf]{ p2]Zo kSs}
klg lyPg xf]nf .
cfkm}+n] cfkm\g} 3/ cfFugdf cfkm\g} gft]bf/nfO{ df/]/ xfdLn] æzq'nfO{
df¥of}+Æ egL ljs'n km'Sg] u5f}+{ . xfdLn] h'g kbjL lbP klg, h'g kl/wLleq
;dfj]; u/] klg, h'g ljz]if0fn] l;+uf/] klg, cfcfkm\gf] dgnfO{ h;/L :ki6Ls/0f
lbP klg xfd|f] d'n'ssf] rf/ 3]/fleqsf s'g} klg :yfgdf /x]sf tyfslyt l;dfgfsf]
;a} lbzfdf n8]sf d[t zl//x?sf uL+8x?sf] lulGt dfq x}g t/ cfcfkm\gf x[bosf] ulx/f]
eGbf ulx/f] efudf vf]h]/ x]/]sf v08dfcfkm\g} cfkmGtx?sf] dfof nfUbf] lk|o cg'xf/
b]Vg ;s]gf} eg] xfdL cfkm"af6 w/} 6f8f, 36fOsf b"3{6gf cflb h] ;'s}n]
/ hxfF ;'s} hf] ;'s} d/] klg tL ;a};Fu xfdL ;a} g]kfnLx? qmdzM dfl//x]sf 5f}+
.
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