rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
d'n's 8'Agaf6 hf]ufpg] pkfo M ;+ljwfg ;ef
cf]hZjL zdf{
clk|n @&, @))$
cfGbf]ng csf]{lt/ df]l8g ;Sg] ;+efjgf b]]v]kl5 /fhfn] z'? u/]sf] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf
g]tfx?;Fusf] ;+jfbsf] v]ndfly 7"nf /fhgLlts bnx?n] z+sf ug'{ :jefljs 5
. lsgsL pgLx?n] /fhfaf6 k6s k6s wf]sf vfO;s]sf 5g\ . bf}/f;'?jfndf cfO/g nufP/
l7Ss kf/]sf bf}/f;'?jfnsf] cem} sfd cfPsf] 5}g . /fhgLlt hgfwf/ af]s]sf bnx?n]
h;/L o;k6s /fhfnfO{ e]6 ug{ ?rfPgg\ To;n] hgcfGbf]ngsf/L sfo{stf{x?sf] dgf]an
a9fpg cjZo d2t u/]sf] 5 .
@)%( c;f]h !* af6 æs"Æ ul/Psf] g]kfnsf] k|hftGq 7"nf /fhgLlts
bnsf g]tfx?n] Tolta]nf;Dd klg b]v]gg\ hlta]nf;Dd cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ kf] /fhfn]
af]nfP/ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] x'g\ ls eGg] cfzf /fVb} cfGbf]ng klg ub}{ clg ptf af]nfOxfNnfg\
ls eg]/ b/jf/lt/ kmls{+b} ugf{n] g} /fhfn] cfkm"n] rfx]sf JolQmnfO{ 6Lsf]
nufP/ k|wfgdGqL agfP .
clxn] cfP/ ;8s cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? / h+unaf6 cfGbf]ng ub}{ cfPsf h+unL cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?aLrsf]
ldqtf glhlsg] 8/n] k'gM h+unaf6 cfGbf]ng dRrfpg] / ;8saf6 gf/f 3Gsfpg]aLr tfnd]n
gxf];\ egL pgLx?;Fu ;8s cfGbf]ngsf nflu /fli6|o k|hftGq kf6L{ cyf{t\ kz'klt;Dz]/
;d]t xfFdf xfF ldnfpg k'u]sf 5g\ . of] klg /fhfs} csf]{ v]n xf] eGbf s'g} km/s
kb}{g .
k|wfgdGqL yfkf cfkm"nfO{ od/fhn] klg k|wfdGqLaf6 x6fpg ;Sb}g eGb} lx8\g
yfn]kl5 o;n] /fhfnfO{ ;d]t lgSs} 7"nf] r'gf}lt ePs} sf/0f pgs} kf6L{nfO{
;d]t pgsf] lj?4 ;8sdf ptf/]kl5 /fhfnfO{ csf]{ JolQmnfO{ 6Lsf] nufpg ;lhnf] agfpgsf
nflu dfq of] v]n z'? ePsf] b]lvG5 .
h+unaf6 uh{g]x?eGbf klg ;8saf6 uh{g]x?sf] gf/f s8f x'g yfn]kl5 h+unL cfGbf]ngsf/L
/ ;8s cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] aLr tfnd]n x'g uof] eg] cfkm\gf] eljiosf] cf+sng u/]/
b/jf/n] ;a} g]tfx?nfO{ af]nfP/ /fhgLlts lgsfzfsf s'/f /fVg' s'g} gf}nf] xf]Og
. ca cfpg] lbgdf ;8sdf o'jfx?n] h] gf/f nufP klg g]tfx?n] h;/L @)$^ ;fndf cfGbf]gnnfO{
b/jf/df nu]/ yGsfPsf lyP / cfkm\gf clwsf/ /fhfaf6 lnof}+ eg]sf lyP . ca klg
To:t} eof] eg] s;}n] cfZro{ gdfGbf x'G5 .
clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] ;d:of s'g} klg /fhfsf 6Ls] k|wfdGqLn] xn ug{ ;Sg] b]lvb}g
. lsgsL of] cf7 jif{sf] cGt/fnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of eg]s} b]zsf nflu
dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ePsf] 5 . ha;Dd dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
r'gfjsf nflu ;a} /fhgLlts bnx? Ps x'Fb}gg\ ta;Dd of] 6Ls] /fhgLltsaf6 ;d:of
;dfwfg x'g] b]lvb}g .
dfcf]jfbL / ;8s cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng ug]{ ;DaGwdf lgSs} glhs k'lu;s]sf
/x]5g\ eGg] tYo t dfcf]fjbLsf g]tf k|r08sf] hgfb]zdf cfPsf oL egfOaf6 klg :ki6
x'g hfG5g\ . æ;fdGtL k|ltudgsf/L s'Voft b/af/ xTofsf08b]lvg} xfd|f] kf6L{n]
b]zdf u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfsfnflu ;+;bleq / aflx/sf ;a} hgkIfLo /fhg}lts zlQmx?;Fu
Pstfa4 ;+3if{sf] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfdf ljz]if hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] cfkm\gf
tkm{af6 To;sfnflu kmf}hL / u}/ kmf}hL b'a} k|sf/sf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng
ub}{ cfPsf] oyfy{ klg :ki6 g} 5 . clxn] /fhg}lts 36gfqmdsf] ljsf;n] ;+;bjfbL
/fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ klg ;fdGtL k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;zQm?kn] ;8sdf pqg afWo kfl//x]sf]
5 . ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bnx?;Fu ;DalGwt o'jf zlQmn] ;8sdf u0ftGqsf] gf/f 3GsfO/x]sf]
5 . /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf] of] ;+j]bgzLn 3l8df b]zdf cfd"n kl/jt{gsf lgldQ
/ jiff}{b]lv o'4/t Pp6f qmflGtsf/L kf6L{sf x}lzotn] xfdLn] cfGbf]ng/t ;a} /fhg}lts
zlQmx?nfO{ u0ftGqsf] Go"gtd nIodf Pstfa4 x'g cfJxfg ub}{ ;8ssf] cfGbf]ngnfO{
;xof]u ug]{ / Tof];Fu tfnd]n sfod ug]{ ljz]if cfjZostf dxz'; u/]/ g} ;+3if{sf]
gofF sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . Æ
o;/L b]zsf] () k|ltzt eGbf a9L efu h+unaf6} rn]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf /fhwfgLdf
xfn} ePsf 7"nf 7"nf k|bz{gx?kl5 ;+;bjfbLx?n] dfcf]jfbLx? klg cfhb]lv
xfd|f] ;8s cfGbf]ngdf ;+o'Qm cfPsf 5g\ eGg] xf] eg] / pgLx? h+unaf6 v'n]cfd
;8sdf lg:sg] xf] eg] Tof] e]nn] l;+x b/jf/af6 yfkfdfq nv]l6b}gg\ Tof] e]nn]
gf/fo0flx6Lsf zf;s klg nv]l6g] kSsf ePs} sf/0f of] v]nnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu /fhgLlts
bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ jftf{sf nflu b/jf/ af]nfpg yflnPsf] xf] .
h;/L 9f8] la/fnf]n] d';f v]nfO v]nfO{ df/]/ vfG5 To;}u/L b/jf/n] /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{
v]nfO{ v]nfO{ cem} cln jif{ b]zdf zf;g ;Qf cGt/f{li6|o ;dy{g ;d]t kfP/ rnfPdf
s'g} gf}nf] x'g]5}g .
/fhfnfO{ alnof] agfpg] sfd /fhgLlts g]tfx?n] g} ul//x]sf 5g\ . sfo{stf{sf] efjgfcg'?k
ha g]tfx? rNb}gg\ / cfkm\gf lxtsf nflu dfq pgLx? æTj+d\ z/0fd\Æ
ug{ k'U5g\ ta pgLx?n] k'gM wf]sf vfG5g\ . k+rfot x6\g klg lgSs} ;do nfu]sf]
lyof] To;sf] sf/0f ltg} g]tfx? g} lyP . To;}n] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf klg /fhgLlts
bnx? r's] eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] k'gM Psfb bzs b'Mv kfpF5g\ . To;}n] g]tfx?n] /fhfsf]
efjgfcg'?k x}g hgtfsf] efjgf cg'?k rNbfv]/L dfq xfd|f] b]zdf h'uf}+;Ddsf nflu
k|hftGq :yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5, x}g eg] hgtfsf] efjgfljkl/t g]tfx?af6 dfq :yfkgf ul/Psf]
k|hftGqsf] s'g} klg lbg ckx/0f x'g;S5 .
hgfwf/ lagfsf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf x'g\ jf /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6f jf ab|Ld08n x'g\ jf uf]/]axfb'/
vkf+uL jf s'j]/ zdf{ h:tf JolQm ljz]ifnfO{ e]6]/ /fhfn] s'g} klg lgsfzf kfpFb}gg\
pgLx? ;a} eGbf x'g\ x}g ;/sf/ clxn]sf] /fhgLlts lgsfzfsf nflu t dnfO{ k|wfgdGqL
agfOlbP ;a} ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 . Tof] eGbf a9L To:tf ljgf hgfwf/sf JolQmn] s]
g} kf] /fhfnfO{ ;Nnfxf b]nfg\ / < To;}n] b]zdf k"0f{ k|hftGq :yfkgfsf
nflu hgtfsf] dtnfO{ sb/ ub}{ cfkm"nfO{ hgfwf/ k|fKt egfpg] bnsf g]tfx?n]
clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df /fhgLlts lgsfzsf lhpFbf zxLb /fdxl/ zdf{ x'g\ jf jl/i7 clwjQmf
bdggfy 9'+ufgf x'g\ pgLx?n] eg] em}+ æd'n'snfO{ 8'Agaf6 hf]ufpg] pkfo
;+ljwfg;efafx]s c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .Æ eGg] c8fg /fhfnfO{ Ps eP/ /fVg ;Sg'k5{
ta g]kfnsf] /fhgLltn] gofF lbzf lng ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvG5 .
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