rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
hgsk'/ qmflGtsf] ^& cf}++ jif{uf+7
/fh]Zj/ g]kfnL
d] !), @))$
xfd||f] b]zdf lg/+s'z /f0ffzf;gsf] lj/f]w p;sf] yfngLsf] tLg bzs kl5 g} nvg
yfkfsf] ;}lgs ljb|f]xaf6 cf/De ePklg To;sf] nflu ;+ul7t lj/f]w ug]{ !(** ;fndf
k|r08 uf]/vf bnsf] :yfkgfsf] k|of; ePsf] lyof] . x'gt uf]/vfbnsf] :yfkgfk"j{
g} To:sf] e]bv'Nbf d}gf axfb'/ / v8u dfgl;+x cflb kqmfp kg{' ePsf lyP eGg] clw/fh
s'df/ pd]zljqmd zfxnfO{ pkTosf aflx/ lgisflzt x'g' k/]sf] lyof] . ;+ul7t lj/f]w
ug{ !((# ;fn h]i7 @) df g]kfn k|hfkl/ifb\sf] :yfkgfk"j{ ef/tLo :jfwLgtf
cfGbf]ngaf6 k|efljt eP/ o'jf qmflGtsf/L k+= /dfsfGt emfsf] g]t[[Tjdf @@ hgf
o'jsx?n] PstGqL /f0ffzf;gsf] ;dflKtsf] nflu cf-cfkm\gf /utn] x:tfIf/ul/ ;+slNkt
x'g ePsf lyP / pxf+x?n] hLjgsf] clGtd 3l8;Dd tfgfzfxLsf] lj/f]wdf n8L /fVg'
ePsf lyP .
k+=emfsf] g]t[Tjdf af]w k|;fb pkfWofo, b]jz+s/ lul/, /fd b'nf/ ;fx, dx+y uf]s'n
lul/, dx+y /fdnvg bf;, sdnf sfGt rf}w/L, af}Pnfn emf, k+= /fdrGb| emf, >LsfGt
7fs'/, k+= aneb| rf}w/L a}w, c;kmL{ emf, u0f]zrGb| emf, clg?4 k|;fb l;+x, od'gfk|;fb
l;+x, of]u s'df/ dfy]df, OGb|axfb'/ dNn, u+ufk|;fb d08n, z]if O:dfOn, huGgfy
7fs'/ / gfu]Zj/ emf -;a} tTsfnLg dxf]Q/L lgjf;L_ / u'nfa gf/fo0f emf -/f}tx6_
n] !((@ ;fn j}zfv z'Sn cIfo t[tLof @@ ut] cfOtjf/ -% dO{ !(#% O{=_ sf] ;f+em
;f9] ^ ah]lt/ hgsk'/ ljdfg :ynsf] 5]psf] kfkdf]rgL
kf]v/Lsf] klZrdL l8ndf cfksf] ?vd'lg cf-cfkm\gf /utn] lg/+s'z /f0ff zf;gsf]
;dflKtsf] nflu k|lt1f ug'{ ePsf lyP . efjfj]zdf dfq xf]Og ls g]kfn cfdfsf tL
;'k'qx?n] cfkm\gf] Hofgsf] afhL nufO{ n8] . k+=emfn] kl5 :jo+ ;]js bnsf] :yfkgful/
o'jfzlQmnfO{ ;+ul7t kfg'{ ePsf]n] g} b]zsf] cGo efu eGbf dxf]Q/Ldf /fhgLlts
;s[otf al9 /x\of] .
g]kfnL /fli6"o sf+u|];sf] ;+:yfks ;b:ox? dWo]sf ;/f]h sf]O/fnf, ?b|k|;fb
lul/ / g/]Gb| /]UdL dxf]Q/Lsf lyP eGg] g]kfn k|hftGq sf+u]|;sf] ;+:yfksx? dWo]sf
/fd:j?kbf; zdf{ hf] ef/tLo ;]gfsf] ;]s]08 n]km\6Lg]6 x'g'x'GYof] pxf+ ;nf{xLsf
/xg' ePsf lyP . @))$ ;fnsf] k|yd ;Tofu|x cfGbf]ngdf ;/o'u rf}w/Lsf] g]t[Tjdf
:yfgLo o'jsx?sf ;fy} eLidh+u s];L / d]3k|;fb pkfWofo tyf lbuDa/ emfsf] g]t[Tjdf
!( hgf /fhjGbLx? h]nk/]sf lyP . To:t} @))^ ;fn h]i7 !( b]lv cf/De ePsf] ;Tofu|xdf
;'Gb/ emf zf:qL lgu'{0f ofbj cflb h]n kg'{ eP / @))^ ;fnsf] xf]nLsf] /flt >L
ofbj cGo ^ hgfsf] ;fy hn]Zj/ h]naf6 efu]sf lyP .
@))^ ;fn df3 !^ df eb|sfnL ld> / /fdgf/fo0f ld>åf/f :yflkt nf]s
;]js ;+3n] u|fd ;kmfO{, k|fy{gf ;ef tyf clUg kLl8tx?nfO{ /fxt k'¥ofP/ s]xL
lbg d} gfd sdfPsf]n] @))& ;fnsf] cf/De d} ld> aGw'nfO{ ;dfltP klg pgsf
;Dk"0f{ sfo{stf{x? g]kfnL sf+u]|;df nfu]sf]n] ;+u7g lgs} dha"t ePsf]
lyof] . kmn:j?k @))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGt cf/De ePsf] kf+rf} lbg sflQ{s #) ut]
hn]Zj/ h]n tf]8]/ zxLb
;/f]h sf]O/fnf, eLidh+u s];L, lbuDa/ emf, ;'Gb/ emf zf:qL, a'l4k|;fb zdf{ /
;'/]Gb|axfb'/ qmflGtdf ;lDdlnt ePsf lyP eg] d'lQmaflxgL ;]gfsf] sdf08/ ?b|k|;fb
lu/L x'g'
x'GYof] .
@))& ;fn df3 @ ut] d'lQm ;]gf / ;/sf/L ;}lgs aLr ePsf] d'7e]8df k|]d l;+x
/ s+rg d'lvofn] zxfbt kfpg' ePsf] lyof] / ;lhnf] l;t hgsk'/wfd dfly d'lQm ;]gfsf]
sAhf ePkl5 dxf]Q/L hg ;/sf/sf] u7g ePsf] lyof] . h;df ?b|k|;fb lul/ ueg{/ tyf
dx]Gb| gf/fo0f lglw d'VodGqL / lbuDa/ emf, ;/f]h sf]O/fnf, af]wk|;fb pkfWofo
/ OGb| axfb'/ dNn dGqL Pj+ lgu'{0f ofbj k|x/L k|d'v tyf ;/o'u rf}w/L u'Ktr/
k|d'v agfOPsf lyP .
hg;/sf/sf] ueg{/n] df3 $ ut] ;j{ k|yd hn]Zj/ h]n k'u]/ k+= /dfsfGt emf, gs"n
axfb'/ l;+x / slj g/]Gb| b]jnfO{ h]n d'Qm u/]/ ;-;Ddfg hgsk'/wfd NofP/ gful/s
clegGbg u/]sf lyP .
ef/tsf] /fhwfgL lbNnLdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; / /f0ffx?sf aLr ePsf] ;xdlt cg';f/ ef/tdf
lgjf{l;t >L % lqe'jg !$ ;Ktfxkl5 ;kl/jf/ :jb]z kms{g' ePsf] lyP / To;sf]
tLg lbg kl5 @))& ;fn kmfNu'0f & ut] !)$ jif{sf] lg/+s'z
/f0ffzf;gsf] cGtsf] ;fy} k|hftGqsf] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/df dxf]Q/Lsf eb|sfnL ld>
d+qL x'g' eof] eg] /fdgf/fo0f ld> g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] dxf]Q/L lhNnf cWoIf x'g'
eof] . To;}ul/ ?b|k|;fb lul/ dxf]Q/L , d]3k|;fb pkfWofo pbok'/ / lbuDa/ emf
kfNkfsf] a8fxflsd x'g' eof] / dx]Gb|gf/fo0f lglw ;Nnfxsf/ ;efsf] ;b:o x'g' ePsf]
lyof] .
!((@ ;fn j}zfv @@ ut] cf-cfkm\gf /utn] x:tfIf/ ul/ lg/s'+ztfsf] cGtsf] nflu
;+slNkt x'g' ePsf cd/ ;]gfgLx? @))& ;fndf k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf;fy cfkm\gf]
sQ{Jo k'/f ePsf] 7fg]gg\, a? @)!& ;fndf k|hftGqsf] xTofkl5 To;sf]
lj/f]wdf tTsfnLg dxf]Q/L cyf{t wg'iff / dxf]Q/Lsf, jL=kL= sf]O/fnf dGqL d08nsf
dGqL /fdgf/fo0f ld>sf] ;fy} ;f+;b ?b|k|;fb lul/ h]nkg'{ ePsf lyP eGg] x[bosfGt
emf, o'[u]Zj/ zdf{, /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] cflb klg kqmfp k/]sf lyP . ef/tdf lgjf{lrt
dx]Gb|gf/fo0f lglw @)!* ;fn sflQ{s @^ ut] ;Tofu|x ul/ h]nkg'{ ePsf lyP, pxf+sf
;fy} gfu]Zj/ emf, an/fd gfos, af]wk|;fb pkfWofo, a]gL dfwj l;+x, /fdrGb|| ld>,
;'/]z 7fs'/, ds]Zj/ l;+x, zlzw/ rf}w/L cflb @( hgf h]n k/]sf lyP .
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