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5 . ;+s6sfn ;dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgf klg gk'Ub} dfl/g]x?sf] ;+Vof em08} ;ft ;o k'u]sf]
5 . cj lx;fj u/f}, k|ltlbg slt hgfsf] b/n] g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] xTof x'b}5 . slt
hgfsf] l;Gb'/ k'l5b} 5, slt afn aflnsfx? 6'x'/f x'b}5g\ / slt afp cfdfn] cfkm\gf
;Gtfgx? u'dfpb} 5g\ . t/ ;/sf/ slyt cft+ssf/L dfl/Psf]df uj{ u/]/ sfjf{lxnfO{
c? tLa| agfPsf] lg;+sf]r k|rf/ ul//x]5 eg] ptf dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg ;'/fsL u/]sf]
gfddf of abnf lng] gfddf lgd{dtfk'j{s lgxTyf dfG5]x?sf] ;kmfof ug{ ;s]sf]df
uj{sf;fy b+e b]vfO/x]5g\ . pgLx?n] a'em\b}gg\ hf] dfl/P klg g]kfnL ;Gtfg g}
dfl/b} 5g\ eGg] s'/f . ;+s6sfnkl5 t b]zdf l:ylt o:tf] cfof] ls dfgf} b'a} kIf
'tF eGbf d s] sd eg]/ dfG5] dfg]{ sf]6fdf pl5gf kfl5g\ ub}{5g\ . of] s|ddf ;/sf/n]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ tLg u'0ffn] pl5g]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L tYofªs cg';f/} klg clxn];Dd
nueu rf/ xhf/ dfcf]jfbL ;'/Iff kmf}h4f/f dfl/Psf 5g\ eg] To:t} Ps xhf/ Ps ;o
hlt dfcf]jfbLn] df/]sf 5g\ . ut gf} dlxgf;Ddsf] Og;]ssf] l/kf]6{ cg';f/ k|ltlbg
!( hgfsf b/n] dfG5]x? dfl/b} lyP eg] clxn] Tof] s|d a9]/ k|ltlbg @# hgf eGbf
al9 k'u]sf] 5 . t}klg ;/sf/nfO{ clnslt klg cfTdNufgL / lrGtf 5}g a? pm ljb|f]xLx?n]
em}+ abnfsf nflu abnf lnb} zflGtsf gfddf t]Aa/sf lx;fjn] lgxTyf hgtfsf] xTof
ul//x]5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] Ps hgf dfbf{ ;/sf/n] ltg hgf df/\of] eg] r} zflGt x'G5
eGg] ;/sf/n] 7fGb5 .
s] xTofsf] abnf xTof4f/f zflGt :yfkgf x'g ;S5 < s] olx tl/sfn] hgtfsf] zflGtk|ltsf]
rfxfgf k'/f xf]nf < olb o;/L g} x'GYof] eg] gf} dlxgf;Ddsf] ;+s6sfn / clxn]sf]
Ps dlxgf;Ddsf] slyt cft+sf/Lx?sf] aa{/ xTofn] klg lsg zflGt sfod ug{ ;ls/fv]sf]
5}g < clg b]zdf zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod ug]{ bfloTj dfcf]jfbLx?sf] xf] ls ;/sf/sf]
xf] < o;tf w]/} k|:gx? k|To]ssf dgdf v]Ng yfn]sf] w]/} eO;Sof] / ;/sf/nfO{
of] ulNt gug{ gful/s ;dfhn] / k|ltklIf /fhg}lts bnx?n] ;d]t clkn u/]sf] klg
cj w]/} eO;Sof] . xTof / k|ltxTofsf] lg/Gt/tfn] zflGt sfod x'b}g, ;/sf/n] at{dfg
;+s6 ;dfwfg ug{ /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] vf]hL ug{' k5{, jftf{df cljnDa hfg'k5{ eg]/
s/fPsf] / dl; ;'sfPsf] klg cj w]/} eO;Sof] .
Oltxf;nfO{ hlt ;/f]k] klg /f0ffx?sf] !)$ jif{sf] lg/+s'z zf;gdf klg olt w]/}
/ g[z+; 9+un] g]kfnL hgtfsf] xTof /fHo kIfaf6 ePsf] lyPg . t/ ;+;lbo Joj:yfsf]
!@ jif{ klg gk'Ub} ;+s6sfnsf] gf} dlxgfdf g} slyt cft+ssf/Lsf] gfddf rf/ xhf/
gful/sx?sf] /fHon] g} xTof ug{' sd lgGblgo / sd eofax s'/f xf]Og < s] ax'bn
olt lgb{oL x'G5 < s] ax'bndf dfG5]sf] hLjgsf] s'g} d'No x'b}g < of] ;a}n]
hfg]sf] s'/f xf] ls ;+;lbo k|hftGq cfkm}df slxNo} v/fj Joj:yf xf]Og . t/ s'/f
@! Cf} ztflJbsf] ug]{ t/ lrGtg / Jojxf/ r} !& cf} ztflJbsf] ;fdGtx?sf] ug]{
xfd|f ax'bnLo g]tfx?n] g} ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ of] l:yltdf k'/\ofPsf x'g\ . cfkm\gf]
x7sf lglDt ax'bnLo g]tfx? hgtfsf] hlt;'s} alnbfg lbg klg kl5 kb}{gg\ eGg] s'/fsf]
of] /fd|} pbfx/0f xf] .
sf] lg/+s'z / cg'bf/ <
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ldof] agfP/ e"ldut bnx?n] klg k/f]If ?kaf6 k+rfotsf lj?4 cfGbf]ng p7fP
. Tof] s|ddf b'Orf/ hgf ljWofyL{x? xtfxt eP / c? b'Orf/ ;o ljWofyL{x?nfO{ alGb
agfOof] . t/ Tolts}df /fhf lj/]Gb|n] hgdt ;+u|xsf] 3f]if0ff ul/lbP . @)#&
;fndf 'ax'bn ls ;'wfl/Psf] k+rfot eGg] ljifodf hgdt ;+u|x klg eof] . of] leGb}
s'/f xf] ls ;'wfl/Psf] k+rfotn] g} lhTof] jf lhtfOof] . @)$^ ;fndf sf+u|]; /
sDo'lgi6x? ldn]/ k+rfotsf lj?4 cfGbf]ng p7fP . Tof] cfGbf]ng klg tLg dlxgf eGbf
nfdf] hfg g} k/]g . b/af/ cufl8sf] 36\gfdf @$ hgf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] k|x/Lsf]
uf]ln4f/f xTof ePsf] kl;{ kN6} /fhf lj/]Gb|4f/f hgtfn] rfx] cg';f/ Joj:yf rNg
k5{ eGg] c8fgsf;fy ax'bnsf] 3f]if0ff eof] . s] To;a]nf /fhf;+u clxn]sf h:tf
k|x/Lx? lyPgg\ < s] To;a]nf /fhf;+u clxn]sf] ;]gf / xltof/x? lyPgg\ <
s] /fhfn] rfx]sf] eP ;+s6sfn nufP/ clxn] h;/L g} hgxTof ug{ ;Sb}g lyP <
t/ cfh xhf/f} hgtfsf] alnbfg eO;Sbf klg To;f] eO/x]sf] 5}g . of] s] xf] <
of] @! ztflJbsf] ;+;lbo k|hftGq xf] ls < !& cf} ztflJbsf] lg/+s'z zf;g
xf] < l7s 5 dfcf]jfbLx?n] dfu] cg';f/} lbg g;lsPnf /] t/ Tof] ;+s6 6fg{ hgtfsf]
cledt lng t ;lsG5 lg . hgtf dfg{'sf] ;6\6f hgdt ;+u|xdf uP/ hgdt4f/f ;+s6sf]
xn t ug{ ;lsG5 lg . Tof] klg ug{ g;s] eO/x]sf] ;+ljwfgdf cfj:os z+;f]wg u/]/
lgsf;sf] af6f] t vf]Ng ;lsG5 lg . t/ at{dfg zf;sx?, /fhg}lts bnx? Tolt ug{ klg
dfGb}gg\ eg] kl5 lolgx?n] cfkm"nfO{ s] cy{df k|hftGqafbL eGg] < af:tjdf
lolgx? !& cf} zlbsf e'/] 6fs'/] ;fdGt /fhfx? eGbf klg t'R5 5g\ . clxn] klg
h'g a]nf 'b]z Jo:t ;8sdf s'b]sf] afns h:tf] ePsf] 5, xfd|f k|wfgd+qL cem} eGb}
5g\ 'hgdt ;+u|x jf ;+ljwfg ;efdf r} hfg ;lsGb}g . slt lgb{oL / ;fdlGt 5g\ lolgx?sf
lrGtg . lolgx?n] #) jif{;Dd k|hftGqsf lglDt hf] ;+3if{ u/] logn] k|hftGqsf]
dd{ a'em]/ xf]Og ef/tsf] gSsn ug{ dfq u/]sf /x]5g\ eGg] s'/f clxn] b]lvb}5 .
c? t c? pRrtd k|hftGqsf] jsfnt ug]{ sDo'lgi6x?n] klg Tof] lgsf;sf] 9f]sftkm{
hf]8 glbg' csf]{ cfZro{ xf] . Tolx eP/ cfh xfd|f] k|hftGq !@ jif{d} of] xfntdf
k'u]sf] xf] . s'/f dfq} pRr k|hftGqsf], ;af{]Rr k|hftGqsf] t/ lrGtg / Jojxf/
r} dWoo'lug ;fdGtx?sf] . lxGbL lkmNdsf ;fdlGt 7fs'/x? h:tf lg/+s'z Pj+ u'08f
z}nLsf g]tfx?af6 s;/L ax'blno k|hftGq b]zdf km:6fpF5 < cfh oltsf hgtf dfl/bf
/ xhf/f}, nfvf} hgtf a]3/jf/ x'Fbf klg /fhg}lts lgsf; gvf]lhg' / cfh klg cf
cfkm\gf] 8Dkm' ahfpgd} /dfpg' o;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] .
/fhtGqnfO{ lg/+s'ztfsf] k|lts 7fg]/ #) jif{;Dd ;+3if{ u/]/ ;+;bLo k|hftGq Nofpg]x?n]
cfkm"x? r} Tof] eGbf klg lg/+s'z / lgb{oL x'g'n] lolgx?sf] k|hftGqk|ltsf]
cf:yf / d{d a'emfOnfO{ /fd}| gfªu]emf/ kf/]sf] 5.
o;kfnLsf] bz}+ ===
clxn] d'v}df lxGb' dfqsf] dxfg rf8 bz}+ / ltxf/ cfPsf] 5 t/ b]zdf dfgj xTof
Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}{ tLa| ?kdf eO/x]5 . ljb|f]xLx?nfO{ t zflGtsf] dtnj} ePg /]
t/ ;/sf/nfO{ t x'g'kYof]{ lg . b'ef{Uo, ;/sf/nfO{ ;d]t o;sf] dtnj 5}g . pm sf]6f
ulGtsf] lx;fjn] dfG5] dfg]{ v]ltdf hf]8tf]8n] nfu]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] g} 9f]sf aGb
u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLx? t Tof] v]ltdf nfUg] g} eP . ;+s6sfn ;lsP klg g;lsP klg To:sf]
s] cy{ /Xof] / < emg\ al9 clxn] /utsf] vf]nf] au]sf] 5 . bh{gf}sf] ;+Vofdf
dfG5]x? dfl/Psf 5g\, 6'x'/fx?sf] k+lQm a9\b}5, ljwjfx?sf] nfd a9\b}5, xhf/f}sf]
a'9];sfnsf] ;xf/fx? vQd ePsf 5g\ . nfvf}sf] cfFvf clxn] cfFz'n] leh]sf 5g\,
hgtfsf xfF:g] lbgx? Cj ;lsPsf 5g\ . 3/ 5f]8]/ efu]sfx? Sf]lx 3/ kms{g ;Sg] l:ylt
b]zdf 5}g . dg]{ t d/]/ uP t/ afFRg]n] t zflGtk'j{s cfkm\gf] 3/ kms{g / afFRg
kfj;\ g . cfkm\gf] rf8 dgfpg kfj;\ g . t/ To;sf] klg ;/sf/nfO{ dtnj 5}g . cfkm"
;\'/lIft / j}ejzfnL ePkl5 hgtf gfy] efF8d} hfj;\ . jftf{ jf lgsf;sf] s'/f;+u
p;nfO{ s] dtnj < zflGtsf s'/f;+u p;nfO{ s] dtnj <
dfcf]jfbLx?n] t of] s'/f;+u dtnj /fVg] s'/f klg ePg . / pm af6 hgtfn] cfzf ug]{
s'/f klg xf]Og . pm ljb|f]xL xf], p;nfO{ czflGtn] lg/Gt/tf kfj;\ / of] /fHo;Qf
Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ sdhf]8 aGb} hfj;\ , pm olx rfxfG5 . t/ b]z / hgtfk|lt lhDd]jf/
ePb]lv dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg hgtfnfO{ bz}sf d'vdf o'4lj/fd u/]/ b'O lbg eP klg cfFvf
cf]efgf] kfg]{ df}sf lbP s] lju|G5 / < s] To:tf] a'l4 dfcf]jfbLx?df knfpnf
< t/ To;a]nf p;n] olx eGg] 5 xfdLn] dfq u/]/ s] ug'{ ;/sf/n] ub}{g . lsgsL
;/sf/n] klxn] o:t} hjfkm lbPsf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] gu/]kl5 xTof / lx+;f /f]lsg]
s'/} cfpb}g . To;}n] clxn] xTof, lx+;f / cft+s vQd ug]{ / zflGt axfnL ug]{ xf]
eg] ;/sf/n] klxn] kxn ug{ cfj:os 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] t eg]s} 5g\ ';/sf/n] ;sf/fTds
;+s]t dfq lbP klg xfdL s'g} klg a]nf o'4lj/fd ug{ tof/ 5f}+ . t/ s] km]/L klg
;/sf/sf] lg/+s'z ;fdGtL x7n] hgtfsf] zflGtsf] rfxfgfnfO{ bz}+ cl3 g} k"0f{
x'g b]nf < Tof] ;Defjgf clxn];Dd b]lvPsf] 5}g . o;kfnLsf] bz}+ klg cGttM
;+s6sfns} lg/Gt/ xTof, lx+;f / cft+ssf ljr ljTg] 5 . s;}sf] cfFvfn] cf]efgf]
x'g] df}sf kfpg] 5}g .
wGo 5, ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf gfddf ;fdlGt lg/+s'ztf nfb\g] kmfl;Hdsf k'hf/Lx?nfO{
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