rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
hfkfgdf Pdfn] va/bf/L
z'ezs/ s+8]n
d] @&, @))$
Pl;ofsf] ;a}eGbf ljsl;t b]z hfkfgdf em08} !%xhf/ cGt/fli6"o >d ahf/df
cfPsf] dGbL / ;+s6n] olta]nf hfkfgnfO{ klg k|efljt u/]sf] 5 . To;dfly O/fs o'4
/ To;df hfkfgsf] ;dy{gn] hfkfgsf] cGt/fli6|o ?kdf g} ;'/Iff lrGtf a9fO/xsf]
a]nf hfkfgsf] >d ahf/df ljb]zL sfdbf/x?sf nflu c? a9L emGem6 cfOnfu]sf] 5
.
hfkfgdf ;++;f/sf ;a} b]zsf dflg;x? zfl/l/s >d a]lr/x]sf 5g\ / To:tf] >d
;DalGwt sfdbf/sf nflu lgs} pT;fxjw{s 5 eg] hfkfgsf nflu lgs} ;:tf] klg 5 . olx
sf/0fn] g} ljb]zLx?n] hfkfgL >d ahf/df sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . emg blIf0f Pl;ofsf
;ja b]zsf dflg;x?sf nflu hfkfg cfly{s pkfh{gsf] ;a}eGbf cfsif{s ahf/ / hLjgs}
;kgf aGb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf sfdbf/x? ;+;f/sf ;+ejt >d a]Rg ;lsg] ;a} b]zdf
uPsf 5g\ . ToxL l;nl;nfdf hfkfgdf klg g]kfnLx? lelqg] qmd lgs} t]hLsf ;fy al9/x]sf]
5 . g]kfnLx? ljb]zdf j:bf klg cfkm\gf] :jtGq kl/rosf ;fy a:g] ;fdfGo k/Dk/f
h:t} 5 . To;dfly g]kfnLx?sf] cfh;Ddsf] ;d:of g} /fhg}lts zf]if0f / bdgaf6 k|tfl8t
e}/xg' /x]sf]n] c? b]zsf t'ngfdf g]kfnLx?df /fhg}lts r]tgf a9L g} /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] k'g:yfkgf ePkl5 kf6L{ /fhgLlt / To;sf] ;du| ;dfhsf
tx;Dd k|efj kg'{ :jefljs 5 . ;+7g s'zntfsf lx;fjn] g]kfndf jfdkGyLx? g} ;j}
eGbf cl3 5g . ljZjel/ g]kfnLx?sf ;Dks{ d~r / ;+u7g ePsfdf ef/tdf afx]s cGo b]zdf
g]skf Pdfn] g} a9L k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] 5 . hfkfgdf klg ljut Ps bzsb]lv g} Pdfn]sf]
;+u7g :yfkgf ePsf] /x]5 . oBlk Pdfn]sf] d'Vofnon] hfkfgsf] sld6LnfO{ s'g} ;f+u7lgs
x}l;ot lbPsf] 5}g . ef/tdf /x]sf] sld6LnfO{ c+rn sld6L ;/xsf] dfGotf 5 / x+us+udf
/x]sf] nfO{ klg . t/ hfkfgsf] ;+u7gnfO{ ck|ToIf ?kdf cfly{s ;xof]uL sld6Lsf]
?kdf kf6L{ d'Vofnfon] a'em]sf] x'g'kb{5 . t/ hfkfg leq Pdfn]sf] Pp6f d'Vo sld6L
/ To;cGt/ut b]zleqs} ;+u7g ;+/rgf h:t} ljleGg s]g / zx/df zfvf sld6Lx? u7g ul/Psf
/x]5g\ .
xfn hfkfgdf Pdfn]sf] ultljlw b]zsf] dWoefult/ s]lGb|t x'g k'u]sf] 5 . h'g 7fp+lt/
;+u7gsf] g]t[Tj /xg] ub{5 Tot} ultljlw s]lGb|t x'g' hfkfgsf xsdf :jefljs dflgG5
. lsgls x/]s dflg; lbgdf sDtLdf * 306f b]lv !$ 306f;Dd clgjfo{ zfl/l/s >d
ub{5g . To;af6 ar]sf] ;dodf g} h]hlt ug{ ;lsG5 ug]{ xf] . hfkfgdf Pdfn] d'Vo
sld6Lsf k"j{ ;lrj afun'+u l;ufgfsf ltnaxfb'/ lh;L x'g'x'bf]/x]5 . b]zleq
/ afun'+udf klg ltnaxfb'/ bfh'sf] >LdtL h;nfO{ xfdL eLdf lbbLsf ?kdf ;Ddfg
ub{Yof}+ pxf+ klg /fhg}lts ultljlwdf ;+nUg / Ps hgf :yflkt dlxnf x'g'x'G5. xfn
Pdfn] d'Vo sld6Lsf] ;lrjdf sf:sLsf ad axfb'/ 3lt{ / ;f] sld6Ldf cg]/f:jljo'
qmflGtsf/Lsf )%@ ;fnlt/sf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf s[i0f s];L / DofUbLsf uf]ljGb ;'j]bL
nufotsf ( hgf JolQmx? /x]sf 5g . sld6Ldf /x]sf] clwsf+z JolQmx? slDtdf % jif{
eGbf a9L hfkfgdf al;;s]sf /x]5g . ;lrj 3lt{ t k]zfn] OlGhlgo/ eP/ klg hfkfg
a;]sf] Ps bzs eGbf a9L e};s]s]f /x]5 . hfkfgsf Pdfn] g]tfx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] at{dfg
;+3if{sf] hLjGt cg'e"lt x'g] cj:yf g} 5}g . s]jn g]6df x]l/g] ;dfrf/ /
kf6L{n] hf/L ug]{ ckfgLx? g} ;+3if{ / cfGbf]ng a'em\g] d'Vo ;fwg x'g . Pdfn]sf]
a}rfl/s ;}4flGts w/ftn / jt{dfg pkl:yltnfO{ cnu /fv]/ Pdfn]sf] ef}lts cj:yfnfO{
dfq x]bf{ hfkfgdf a9L k|efjsf/L ;+u7g Pdfn] g} xf] . cGo ;+;bjfbL jf u}/ ;+;bjfbL
bnsf hfkfgdf cf}krfl/s ;+u7g ePsf] yfx 5}g . s]xL ;do klxn];Dd g]skf d;fnnfO{{
;xof]u ug]{x? klg hfkfgdf lyP . t/ olta]nf pgLx?nfO{ klg jfSs nflu;s]sf] x'g'kb{5
. Pdfn]sf] ;+u7gsf nflu t s]kL cf]nL o'j/fh 1fjnL ;d]t oxf+ cfP/ kf6L{ leq b]zdf
p5fnk5fn ePsf cGt/lj/f]w kf]v]/ uPsf] clxn] ;Dd klg Pdfn]sf sfo{stf{x?n] :d/0f
ub}{5g . o'jf g]tf 3gZofd e";fn ;d]t s]xL ;do klxn] ;+ejt gLlh e|d0fsf
qmddf oxf+ cfP/ Pdfn]sf dflg;x?nfO{ dfgl;s ;Nanfx6 agfP/ hfg' ePsf] /x]5 .
xfn} dfq Pdfn]sf] hfkfg sld6Lsf] a}7sn] g]kfndf hf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{df kf+r
bnn] ;~rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ng 3f]lift !* a'b] sfo{qmdaf6 kl5 gx6\g / To;f] ul/Pdf
hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngaf6} ;+;bjfbLx?nfO{ tx nfufpg' kg]{ lg0f{o u/]/ nf]stflGqs sld6Lsf]
klxrfxg lbPsf] 5 . ;du|df g]kfndf klg Pdfn]sf tNNff sld6Lx? OdfGbf/ / cfwf/e"t?kn]
sDo'lgi6 g} 5g\ . ;d:of g]t[Tjsf] 9'nd'n cj;/afbLtf / gLltljxLgtf df g} xf]
eGg] tYo cfhsf] oyfy{ xf] . hfkfgdf Pdfn]sf] ;+u7gdf clwsf+z t g]kfndf g} ljleGg
txdf sfd ul//x]sf sfo{stf{x? sfdsf] vf]hLdf hfkfgdf cfPkl5 ;+ul7t ePsf / kf6L{
g]t[Tj k|lt ljt[i0ff pTkGg e};s]sf] ;d]t clwsf+z /x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] x'g' :jefljs
klg 5 . g]skf Pdfn]sf] k[i7e"ld, Oltxf; / jt{dfg k|ltj4tf / Jojxf/df cfsfz
hldgsf] cGt/ 5 eGg] s'/f Oltxf;sf] s6' ;To e};s]sf] 5 . tyflk g]kfnLx?df /x]s]f
afdkGyL cfGbf]ng / dfS;{afb k|ltsf] cfsif{0f hfx]/ ug]{ pko'Qm j}wflgs d~rsf]
cefjdf dflg;x? Pdfn]df /xg' Pp6f afWotf h:t} ePsf] 5 .
hfkfgdf Pdfn] g]t[Tjn] ug]{ lqmofsnfk em08} gu0o h:t} ePklg a]nf df}sfdf x'g]
kf6L{sf c}krfl/s e]nf j}7s g} kof{Kt dflgbf /x]5g . oL / o:t} cj:yfsf aLrdf
hfkfgdf klg Pdfn]n] cfkm\gf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ / ;Dks{ :yflkt u/]sf] af:tljstfnfO{
;sf/fTds dfGg' kb{5 . t/ klg hfkfgdf nfdf] ;do a;]sf sfo{stf{x? g]kfn kms]{
kl5 ;+u7gdf slt sfdofjL xf]nfg < of] cs}{ vf]hLsf] s'/f xf] . clxn]nfO{ olt
g} .
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