rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
/fhgLltsf ;fª\nfaLr ;d:ofsf cf+Vnfx?
s8]+n
gf]e]Da/ !%, @))@
hLjx?dWo] ;fª\nfsf] k|efj / c;/ cToGt} sdhf]/ dflgG5 . ;fª\nfsf] sfd
g} s'g} j:t'nfO{ lj?k / kmf]x/ kfg'{ xf] . oBlk ToxL sfd klg c;/bf/ xF'b}g .
7Ls o:t} xfnt olta]nf xfd|f /fhgLlts bnx?df b]lvb}5 . /fhg}lts ;d:ofn] hj{h:t
;}Go jf6f] ttfO;Sbf klg ;+;bLo /fhgLlts bnx?df cfjZos ;'ema'em / ;t{stf gb]lvg'
cToGt} lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . b'w ,dxLnfO{ kmf]x/ ug]{ ;fª\nfeGbf pGgt ;fljt
ug]{ xf] eg] ;+;bLo bnx?n] cfkm"nfO{ /fhgLlts ;fª\nfsf] cj:yfaf6 d'Qm
ug}{k5{ . Tof] sfd s;}sf] jfWofTds lgufxfdf k|fKt ePsf] v'nfkgdf jQmJojfhL ul//x]/
;+ej x'g]5}g . b'lgofFdf hgtfsf] tfut cToGt anzfnL x'g] s''/fnfO{ cfTd;fy u/]/
hgtfsf aLrdf hfg' afx]s cGo k|sf/sf s'6g}lts jf rft'{ofO{Fsf ;jfnhjfkmsf] s]xL
cy{ 5}g . hgtfs} aLraf6 lgdf{0f ePsf bnx?n] k'gM hgtfdf hfg lxlRsrfpg'kg]{ s'g}
sf/0f x'g;Sb}g . tyflk cfkm\gf ck/fwsd{ / hgtfsf gfddf g} hgtfnfO{ bf]xg ul/Psf
sd{k|lt k|oflZrt eg] ug}{kb{5 . olta]nfsf] /fhg}lts gsf/fTds l:yltdf olx st{Jo
k"/f ug]{ cj;/sf] ?kdf lnP/ bnx?n] hgtfk|ltsf] bfloTjnfO{ k"/f ug'{kb{5
.
c;f]h !* ut]kl5 b]z 3f]lift?kdf k|ltudgsf] vf8ndf hflsPsf] 5 . k|ltudgsf/L zlQmn]
cfkm\gf
km0ffÚ lkmFhfP/ 7'+Ug g;Sg' u[xo'4n] nk]6\b} NofPsf] /
km0ffÚ aflx/ lgsfNbf km0ff;+u} d'Vo hGt'klg ;dfKt x'g] clgjfo{
vt/fsf sf/0fn] dfq xf] . tfklg nfdf] ;do o:t}u/L l:ylt l:y/ / /f]df~rs /xg ;Sb}g
. Tof] a]nf k|ltudgsf
km0ffÚ / gªu|faf6 8fl;g] klxnf pd]bjf/x?
;+;bLo bnx? g} x'g . To;sf/0f klg k|ltudgnfO{ cu|udgdf abNgsf nflu ;+;bLo bnx?n]
/fhg}lts cu|udgsf] af6f] kS8g} kb{5 . Tof] af6f] eg]sf] ;j{kIfLo jt{dfg zlQm;Gt'ngn]
krfpg;Sg] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|hftflGqs k|lqmof g} xf] . )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg
jf )$^ ;fnsf] ;+emf}tfsf ;Ldfx?sf] olta]nf s'g} cf}lrTo af+sL 5}g . h'g;'s}
ts{ jf jxfgf cyjf jfWotfsf] k|rf/ u/]tfklg Pp6f zlQmn] g} lqkIfLo ;Demf}tfnfO{
pNn3g u/]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf b/af/Lof /fhsLo ;Qfdf kl/jt{g ePsf] v'n:t
?kdf 3f]if0ff e};s]kl5 klg ;+;bLo bnx?n] sfO{+s'O{+ ug'{ xb};Ddsf] gfnfosLkg
x}g / < afx| jif{sf] cjlwn] g} ;+;bLo bnx?nfO{ oltla£g lgsDdf agfof]
ls To;}sf] kl/0ffd clxn] bnx?n] cfkm\g} cl:tTjsf] nflu klg cfGbf]ngsf] cfXjfg
ug]{ lxDdt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . t/klg olta]nfsf] cfjZostf cfkm"leq}sf] tf3'tfefifaf6
u|;Lt eP/ s'+lhg] x}g ls ljutdf ul/Psf] uNtL ;Rofpg] ;'j0f{ cj;/ klg xf] . o;sf
nflu /fhg}lts cu|ufdL lbzf kS8g' afx]s csf]{ s'g} af6f] afFsL b]lvb}g .
c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 g]sf afx]ssf ;+;bLo bnx? cndndf k/]sf 5g\,
To;eGbf cfZrfo{hgs ?kdf b/af/ df}g /x]sf] 5 . zfxL 3f]if0ffdfkm{t\ sfo{sf/L
clwsf/ cfkm"df lnPkl5 /fhf df}g /xg' cgf}7f] dflgPsf] 5 . hjls To;eGbf
klxn] ljleGg ;+rf/dfWod dfkm{t\ cfkm\gf] ljrf/ / /fhg}lts OR5fzlQm JoQm ul//x]sf]df
emg sfo{sf/L clwsf/ cfkm\gf] xftdf lnPkl5 lbgx'F af]Ng'kg]{ a]nf df}g /xg' a'g
g;lsg] ljifo ePsf] 5 . oxfF ;Ddls u[xo'4sf] d"nzlQm dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLn]
;d]t b]znfO{ zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf cl3 a9fpg] ls /Qmkftdf nfg] eGg] s'/fdf /fhfn]
l:ylt :ki6 kfg'{kg]{ dfu u/]sf] tLg ;ftfeGbf a9L ljlt;Sbf klg b/af/ df}g /xg'n]
kl/l:ylt yk cGof}n aGb} uPsf] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf a9fPsf] 5 . cem} klg xfdL cfzf
u/f}+ /fhf af]Ng} k5{ .
;+;bLo c;kmntf / & jif]{ u[xo'4n] ;txdf NofPsf] /fhg}lts hl6ntfnfO{ 7Ls
9+un] u|x0f ug{ g;Sg' g} clxn]sf] d'Vo ;d:of xf] . dfcf]jfbL cfkm}df Pp6f ;d:of
geP/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ kIfsf] Pp6f wf/ xf] . dfcf]jfbL kIfn] ljut tLg jif{b]lv
;fj{hlgs ub}{ cfPsf] /fhg}lts ;xdltsf] k|:tfj ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf af/]df lul/hfk|;fbx?
;xdt x'g'n] pgLx?sf] k|:tfjsf] b'/blz{tfnfO{ g} :ki6 ub{5 . oBlk hgdt / lgjf{rgdf
ljZjf; ug]{ bfjL ub}{ cfPsf] Pdfn] nufotsf bnn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf hfg 8/fpg'
csf]{ lj8Dagf xf] . emg olta]nf )$& ;fnsf] /fhfåf/f dgf]gLt JolQmx?åf/f
tof/ ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg v]tsf] l8ndf /x]sf] 9'Fuf]df xnf] c8\sbf h:t} u/L
jfwf
c8\sfpdfÚ hflsPsf] 5 . Tof] c8\sfp hlt km'sfpg vf]Hof] Tolt a9L uf]?sf]
anL r9\g] afx]s s]xL xft nfUg] jfnf 5}g . c;f]h !* ut] xnf] c8\s]sf] hfgsf/L;+u}
;+;bLo Ps x'n uf]? jlndf r9] . c;f]h @% sf] xnf] vf]tnfO{n] yk ;of}+ x'n uf]?x?sf]
lbjflnofkg z'? ePsf] 5 eg] cem} klg xnf] k5f8L tfg/] l7skfg{ ;lsG5 eGb} d'VofO{
ug'{ k'gM k5f8L tflgg] xnf]n] 3f]lrg' g} xf] eGg] s'/f ;a}eGbf /fd|/L Pdfn]n]
a'm\g h?/L 5 .
s]xL ;do klxn] st} k|r08 jfj'/fd;+u lul/hfk|;fbx?n] ax'bnLo u0ftGqsf nflu u/]sf]
;xdltn] g} kl5Nnf 36gfqmdsf] >[ªvnfdf j[l4 ePs]f u'bL s'/f Pdfn]n] ljgf
cfgfsfgL cfTd;fy ug'{k5{ . cem Pdfn] g]t[Tjn] lul/hfn] JoQm ug]{ x/]s zAbdf
/fhgLlts ulx/fO{ 5fDg] k|oTg dfq ug]{ xf] eg] l:yltnfO{ cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg w]/}
;lhnf] x'g;S5 . Oltxf; ;/n /]vfdf cl3 a9\b}g eGg] s'/f zfob g]sfsf] Oltxf;df
nfu" x'b}5 . of] cToGt} ;sf/fTds / /fhgLltsf ljBfyL{x?sf nflu ;d]t lzIffk|b
ljifo x'g;S5 .
/fhgLlts ;d:ofsf] r'/f] s'/f lglZrt /fHoJoj:yfnfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ sfg"g
s:tf] agfpg] eGg] g} xf] . olta]nf xfd|f] ;d:of klg ul/aL, clzIff j]/f]huf/L
eGbf cl3 a9]/ ca s:tf] /fHo k|0ffnL ckgfpg] / To;nfO{ dfu{ lgb]{zg ug]{ sfg"g
s'g ljlwaf6 agfpg] eGg] txdf k'u]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf cg]sf}+ cfFVnfdWo]df
gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|Zg d'Vo xf] . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj ePdf jt{dfg ;txdf
/x]sf xs clwsf/ / :jtGqtf u'Dnfg ls eg]/ tl;{g' eg]sf] cfkm}k|lt cljZjf; ug'{
xf] . emg olta]nf t /fhg}lts bneGbf hgtf Pssbd cl3 al9;s]sf 5g\ . s;}åf/f
hj{h:t yf]kl/g] ;+;bLo r'gfjdf v8f x'geGbf t ;j{;DdtLdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dtbfgdf
nfd nfUg' hgtfsf nflu v'zL / cfTd;Ddfgsf] ljifo xf] . k|ltufdL / k'g/pTyfgjfbLx?n]
h;/L ;+;bLo r'gfjnfO{ cfkm\gf] kf]N6fdf kfg{ ;Sg] vt/f x'g;S5, To:tf] yf]/}
klg ;+efjgf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjdf x'g;Sb}g . lsgsL ;+ljwfg ;efsf] d'Vo k|:tfjstf{
g} ;Dk"0f{ zlQmsf;fy d}bfgdf pq]kl5 t k|ltufdLx? b'nfk:g' jfx]s csf]{ s'g}
ljsNk /xb}g .
t;y{ Pdfn] g]sf nufotsf bn b[9tfk"j{s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf pleg] xf] eg]
/fhfn] To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]/ cl3 a9\g] t yf]/} klg ;+efjgf b]lvb}g . o; lx;fan]
;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf /fhfb]lv dfcf]jfbL ;Ddsf] ;xdlt x'bf g} u[xo'4sf] cgGt
>[ª\vnf /f]lsg ;S5 . ;+ljwfg ;efdf /fhf :jo+ ;xdt x'g] l:yltdf lglZrt
;Ldf / zt{df /fhtGqsf] :yfg klg ;'/lIft / dof{lbt x'g;S5 . zf;g ;+rfng /fHo
;+/rgfsf] ljlw k"hLjfbL k|hftflGqs xf]nf . Tof] j]Un} s'/f xf] . olb casf]
s]xL ;doleqdf pk/f]Qm l:ylt agg] eg] ;a}eGbf klxn] 3'g lkl;+bf em} lkl;g] t
;+;bLo 5 . To;}n] olta]nf lxDdt / cfF6sf ;fy ;d:ofsf] d'Vo cfFVnf] kS8]/ cl3
a9\g' ;§f s'6g}lts, sfg"grL, / sfOt] ts{df ;do u'hfg]{ d"v{tf
ePdf u[xo'4sf] clGtd k|x;g k|bz{g x'g] vt/f 68\sf/f] aGg] 5 . To;a]nf d'n'sn]
/ zlQms]Gb|x?n] slt u'dfpg] x'g Tof] cg'dfg eGbf jflx/sf] ljifo xf]nf ls <
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