rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
z}lIfs If]qdf /fhgLlt cfqmd0f lsg <
sdnf ;?k
gf]e]Da/ !(, @))@
dfcf]jfbLsf] slyt cfGbf]ng4f/f g]kfnsf] z}lIfs If]qdf eO/x]sf] leif0f / cfttlo
cfqmd0fnfO{ g]kfnsf] z}lIfs hutn] alx:sf/ dfq} u/]sf] 5}g To;sf] lgGbf / k"0f{tM
cfnf]rgf klg u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx? g]kfnL sf+u|];, Pdfn], /fk|kf / ;b\efjgf nufotsf
cGo ;fgf kf6L{x?4f/f klg h'g lsl;daf6 z}lIfs If]qnfO{ /fhgLlt ug]{ :jfy{sf]
?kdf k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] jf:tljstf 5 To;n] :ki6tM g]kfnsf] z}lIfs If]qsf] eljio
slt vt/fk"0f{ 5 eGg] s'/fsf] O+lut u5{ .
Psflt/ z}lIfs If]qdf Jofks 9+uaf6 eO/x]sf] cfqmd0f, rGbf c;"nL / lzIfsx?sf]
xTof tyf csf]{tkm{ ljBfyL{x?dfly b]zsf /fhgLlts bnx?n] ub}{ cfPsf] /fhgLlts/0fn]
ubf{ klg lzIff If]q cem ;d:ofu|:t?kdf hsl8Psf] b]lvG5 .
/fhgLlts g]tfx?sf] :jfy{z}nLsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/g] ljBfyL{x?sf] hLjg / csf]{lt/
wldlnPsf] jftfj/0fdf u'lh|/fv]sf] lzIff If]qaf6 b]zsf] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ s:tf]
x'g] xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ b]zsf g]tfx?n] a'em\g] ls ga'em\g] <
xg t z}lIfs If]qdf /fhgLlts ;+qmd0f a9\b} uPsf] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ljBfyL{ g]tfx?n]
klg z}lIfs If]qnfO{ ljz'4 /fVg] of ljBfyL{x?sf xs lxtsf nflu n8\g] eGbf klg
kf6L{ut /fhgLltsf nflu sfo{stf{x? a9fpg] sfd dfq} ul//x]sf] cf/f]k nflu/x]sf]
5 . g]kfndf x/]s /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] ;/sf/ aGb} hfFbf z}lIfs If]qdf h:tf] lqe'jg
ljZjljBfnosf pks'nktLsf] klg ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ;Fu ;Fu} hflu/ hfg] unt / c;Ifd k|j[lQnfO{
/f]Sg] s'g} 7f]; sfo{qmd g]kfndf s'g} klg /fhgLlt kf6L{n] tof/ ug{ ;s]gg\ .
x'gt g]kfnL ljBfyL{x? ;fgf] pd]/b]lv g} ljBfyL{ /fhgLltdf ;+DnUg x'g] h:tf]
unt k/Dk/f g} al;;s]sf] g]kfndf ;f] k/Dk/fn] z}lIfs If]qnfO{ k"0f{tM kf/]sf]
k|efjsf af/]df klg Tolt g} u+eL/ eP/ ;f]Rg'kg]{ a]nf cfO;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ g]kfnsf]
af}l4s If]qn] af/Daf/ :jLsf/]sf] b]lvG5 . Psflt/ jt{dfg /fhgLlt unt lbzflt/
pGd'v x'Fb} uPsf] / /fhgLltsf] gfddf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ unt pkof]u ug]{ k|j[lQ klg
km:6fPsf] cj:yfdf gt lzIff If]q u'0f:t/o'Qm x'g ;ls/x]sf] b]lvG5 gt z}lIfs If]q
;dofg's"n 9+un] kl/jt{g g} ePsf] 5 .
/fhgLlts bnx?n] z}lIfs If]qnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;Qf :jfy{sf nflu k|of]u u/]s} sf/0f
k|fWofksx? / ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx? ;d]t s'g} Ps /fhgLlts bnsf] tfj]bf/Ldf /dfpg] ;+:sf/sf]
ljsfz x'Fbf lgZro klg ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] lbzf klg al9 /fhgLlt / sd z}lIfs If]qtkm{
pGd'v ePsf] s'/fnfO{ s;/L lng ;lsG5 eGg] ;jfn p7\g' c:jefljs dfGg ;lsb}g . /fhgLlts
lvrftfgLaf6 ;[lht lzIff k|0ffnL cGt/ut cWoog cWofkg eO/x]sf] clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df
x/]s kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf] lgldQ z}lIfs ;+:yfnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ unt kl/kf6LnfO{
k"0f{tM k/f:t ug{ ljBfyL{x? aLrd} lzIff klxnf] / /fhgLltnfO{ bf];|f] ?kdf
x]g'{ h?/L 5 .
b]zsf /fhgLlts bnx? / lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng rnfP/ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?nfO{ emg
k/d'vL / bl/b| agfpg tlD;/x]sf] dfcf]jfbLx?n] lsg z}lIfs If]q h:tf] kljq ;+:yfdfly
cfqmd0f u/]/ ;f] If]qnfO{ k|b'lift agfpgsf ;fy} Pp6f xf:of:kb ljsf;sf] s'/fug{
tlD;Psf 5g\ < hgtfx? o;sf] hjfkm rfxG5g\ . cfkm\gf] cd"No hLjgnfO{ bfpdf
/fv]/ dfcf]jfbLsf] cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf ljBfyL{x? x'g of k|hftGqjfb ;dfhjfb of
ljsf;jfbsf gf/f lbg] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf ljBfyL{x? x'g hf] tL kf6L{x? / tyfslyt
g]tfx?sf nflu nl8/x]sf 5g\, logsf nflu lsg pknAwLd"ns sfd x'g ;ls/x]sf
5}gg\ . s] tL ljBfyL{x?sf nflu z}lIfs C0f, 5fqj[lQ pRr cWoogsf nflu ljleGg ljZjljBfnox?df
k9\g] cj;/x? tflnd / ljz]if z}lIfs Kofs]hsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ sfo{Gjog ug]{ s'/fdf
tL /fhgLlts bnx?n] ljBfyL{x?sf nflu sfd u/]sf 5g\ t < ;f] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lg/fzfjfbL
5 . ;dl:6ut ?kdf eGg'kbf{ xfd|f] 7"nf] ljBfyL{ ;d'x oL /fhgLlt kf6L{x?af6
7lu/x]sf 5g\ . Toltdfq x}g dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngaf6 t cfkm\gf] eljio / jt{dfgnfO{
klg bfpdf nufPsf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf vt/fsf] s'/f t dfcf]jfbLsf] cfGbf]ng z'? ePotf
;ft ;oeGbf a9L ljBfnox? aGb ePsf] ;dfrf/ cfkm}+df clk|o x'gfsf ;fy} o;n] csf]{
u+eL/tf s] klg pAhfPsf] 5 eg] xfd|f afnaflnsfx?sf] eljZodfly v]naf8 ug]{ Tof]
dfcf]jfbLsf] cfGbf]ng lsg ljrlnt / g]kfnL afa' cfdfx?sf nflu 8/ / c:jLs[t x'Fb}
uPsf] 5 .
h;/L lzIf0f ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf] gfd lbg] dff]jfbLx?n] lzIffdf h'g c/fhstf
NofPsf 5g\ To;sf] lhDd]jf/L dfcf]jfbLn] lng} k5{ . ef]ln b]z xfFSg] tL afnaflnsx?n]
cfkm\gf] lzIff kfpg] clwsf/sf nflu k|Zg p7fP eg] s] afa'/fd / k|r08n] hjfkm
lbg ;Sg]5g\ < csf]{tkm{ ;/sf/n] klg lzIffdf ug]{ nufgL Go'g /x]sf] cj:yfnfO{
a9fpg ;ls/x]sf 5}g eg] x/]s lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df /fhgLlts lgo'QmL ug{] unt k/Dk/f
al;;s]sf] x'gfn] ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs cfGbf]ng ljz'4 lzIffsf nflu x'g'k5{ eGg]
dfGotf /xg'k5{ . x'g t lqe'gj ljZjljBfno klg /fhgLlt cf/f]k k|Tof/f]kaf6 d'Qm
b]lvb}g . /fhgLlt lgo'QmLsf] k/Dk/f lq'ejg ljZjljBfnodf a;]kl5 ljBfyL{x?n] z'4
lzIff cfh{g ug{ 5f8]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ s] b]zsf /fhgLlts bnx?n] a'em]sf 5g\
t <
Psflt/ g]kfnsf] lzIff /f]huf/d"ns x'g g;ls/xs]f tLtf] oyfy{tf / lzlIft
o'jf ljBfyL{x? klg cfkm\gf] lzIff k"/f ul/;s]kl5 of k9\bf k9\b} ljleGg
kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf]df laxfg a]n'sf sfdsf nflu wfpg'kg]{ lttf] afWotfn] ljBfyL{sf]
jt{dfg hLjg slt si6bfos 5 cg'dfg klg ug{ ;lsb}g . ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?n] tL
o'jfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] em08f af]Sg nufpg afWo agfpg] tL ljBfyL{x?sf] hLjgnfO{ cfkm\gf]
/fhgLlts clei6 k"/f ug{ bfpdf nufpg] ;a} bnsf g]tfx? cfkm" klg ;'/lIft
5g\ / tL g]tfsf 5]/f5f]/Lx?sf] eljio / jt{dfg ;a} ;'/lIft b]lvG5 . t/ tL z'/lIft
g]tfx? / ltgsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu n8\g\ ljBfyL{x?sf] /f]huf/, pRr lzIff k|fKt
ug]{ cj;/x? lsg z'/lIft x'g ;s]sf] 5}g t < x'g t clxn]sf] cfjZostt eg]sf]
ljBfyLx?aLrd} z}lIfs hfu/0fsf ljljw sfo{qmx?n] k|yfldstf kfpg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf
xf] .
/fhgLlts bnx?n] Psflt/ lzlIft JolQmsf] sb/ ug'{k5{ eg] csf]{lt/ ljBfyL{ hLjgsfn
k"/f ul/;s]kl5 dfq} ljBfyL{x?n] /fhgLlt ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotfsf] kl|t:yfkgfsf]
j[l4 ljBfyL{x?af6 g} z'? ul/g'k5{ . ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts bfpk]rdf
nufpg] clwsf/sf nflu g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] k'g:yfkgf ePsf] x}g eGg] ;TotfnfO{ ;a}
/fhgLlts bnx?sf ;fy} dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg a'em\g' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
|