rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
;/sf/n] kqsf/x?sf] r'gf}ltnfO{ :jLsf/ u/f];\
aa'n nfdf
h'nfO{ (, @))@
g]kfnL kqsf/x? clxn] cfkm\g} hLjgsf] c;'/Iffsf] eon] cfsqmfGt 5g\ . kqsf/ s[i0f
;]gsf] lx/f;tdf ePsf] slyt xTof / ;/sf/sf] u}/ lhDd]jf/ :kli6s/0fn] kqsf/x?nfO{
c? eofjx / kL8fsf] l:yltdf k'/\ofPsf] 5 . To;}n] clxn] kqsf/x? cfkm\gf] dfq
xf]Og dfgj hfltsf] hLjg /Iffsf] dxfg\ sfo{df cfGbf]ng/t 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] u}/ lhDd]jf/
:kli6s/0f kl5 kqsf/x?n] ;/sf/nfO{ r'gf}lt lbb} dfu u/]sf 5g\M pRr :tl/o Goflos
cfof]u u7g u/L kqsf/ ;]gsf] xTofsf] 5fgljg u/ .
;/sf/n] ut c;f/ @@ ut] dfq u[x dGqfnosf] xjfnf lbb} kqsf/ s[i0f ;]gaf/] :kli6s/0f
lbPsf] 5 . u[x dGqfnosf cg';f/ 's[i0f ;]g kqmfp g} k/]sf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/ cfkm}
s[i0f ;]gsf] vf]hL ub}{ 5 .
ut h]7 5 ut] s[i0f ;]g nufotsf kqsf/x? kqmfp k/]sf] s'/f ;f] ;ftfe/L g} ;dfrf/df
cfPsf] lyof] . ;]gnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] pRr :t/sf] g]tf atfpFb} ;]g kqmfp k/]sf]
eGg] To;a]nfsf cvaf/x?df k|z:t} 5flkPsf 5g\ . To;sf] v08g st}af6 cfPsf] 5}g
g t ;/sf/n] g} u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] s]xL lbg kl5 kqmfp k/]/ l/xf ul/PsL ;]gsL >LdtL
tSdf s];LnfO{ ;d]t ;]gfn] ætkfOsf] >Ldfg\ ;'/lIft x'g'x'G5, pxfFnfO{
s]xL x'b}g eg]sf lyP . t/ cfh ;/sf/ kqsf/ ;]gnfO{ kqmfp g} gul/Psf] s'/f atfpb}5
. o;n] ;/sf/sf] lgot / sfd sfjf{xLdfly t u+eL/ k|Zg lrGxx? v8f u/]sf 5g\ g}
Tof] eGbf klg dxTjk"0f{ s'/f gful/s ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] ;/sf/sf] of] :kli6s/0fn]
lgSs} eofjxk"0f{ l:yltsf] ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 .
;/sf/n] lbPsf] of] :kli6s/0fkl5 gful/s ;dfh tyf /fhg}lts bnx?n] s'g} k|ltlqmof
hgfPsf 5}gg\ . t/ ;/sf/sf] of] u}/ lhDd]jf/ / lgof]lht u}/ Goflos xTofsf lj?4
lxh}b]lv kqsf/x?n] r/0fa4 sfo{qmd z'? u/]sf 5g\ . of] sfo{qmdsf] k|efj s:tf]
xf]nf < Tof] t eljion] g} atfpnf t/ Pp6f hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/ xf] eg] p;sf] 3}+6f]df
cj 3fd nfUg' h?/L 5 .
;/sf/sf] of] :kli6s/0fn] eofjx l:yltnfO{ lsg klg ;+s]t ub{5 eg] ;/sf/ gful/sx?nfO{
kqmfp ub}{ / a]kQf kfb}{ kqmfp gk/]sf] egL hgtfnfO{ 9fFl6/x]sf] s'/fsf] xfn}
c? kf]n v'n]sf] 5 . xfn} dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?n] sf7df8f+}l:yt k|x/L lx/f;t xg'dfg
9f]sfsf] lgl/If0f u/]sf lyP t/ ToxfF pxfFx?n] dfcf]jfbL cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ ePsf
s;}nfO{ b]Vg] / e]6\g] df}sf kfpg' ePg . pxfFx?nfO{ 8LP;kL sfof{non] To:Tff
JolQmx? sf]xL klg kqmfp gk/]sf] eg]/ hjfkm lbPsf lyP . t/ kl5 lx/f;tdf /x]sf
c? alGbx?af6 pxfFx?n] s] yfxf kfpg' eof] eg] em08} 8]8;o hlt To:tf aGbLx? cl3Nnf]
lbg ;fFem} tLg 306f nufP/ ljleGg 7fpFdf ;fl/Psf] lyof] . lx/f;tdf /x]sf To:tf
aGbLx?nfO{ lgs} oftgf lbOPsf] s'/f klg pxfFx?n] yfxf kfpg' eof] . ut b'O xKtf
cl3 kqmfp k/]sf lvdnfn b]jsf]6fsf >LdtLsf cg';f/ klg cl3Nnf] lbg;Dd pxfFx?
Tolx+ x'g'x'GYof] . t/ ef]lnkN6 ljxfg vfgf k'/\ofpg hfFbf dfq b]jsf]6f ToxfF
gePsf] hjfkm jxfFn] kfpg' eof] . o;/L ;/sf/ gful/sx?nfO{ kqmfp u/]/ /ftf/ft
a]kQf kfg]{ / kl5 kqmfp g} gk/]sf] eg]/ hgtfnfO{ 9fF6\g] lgof]lht k|lqmofdf
nfu]sf] s'/fn] l:yltnfO{ eofjx / c? u+eL/ agfPsf] 5 . o;tkm{ cGo gful/s ;dfh
/ ljleGg /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cljnDj Wofg hfg h?/L 5 . ;+;f/nfO{ yfxf x'g] t/ ;/sf/nfO{
r} cfkm\g} gful/sx? u}/ sfg'gL 9+un] kqmfp k/]sf] / a]kQf agfOPsf] yfxf gx'g]
eGg] x'g} ;Sb}g . xg'dfg 9f]sfdf cl3Nnf] lbg;Dd ePsf tL aGbLx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] sxfF
k'/\ofof], To;sf] vf]hL x'g h?/L 5 . ;/sf/ tL aGbLx?nfO{ lsg n'sfpb} 5 <
To;sf k5f8L s] sf/0f 5 < s] ;/sf/ ltgLx?nfO{ klg tyfslyt le8Gtdf dfg]{ of]hgfdf
5 < xf]Og eg] cfkm\gf] sAhfdf /x]sf cfkm\g} gful/sx?nfO{ ;/sf/ cfkm}n] n'sfpg'
kg]{ lsg < ;/sf/ lsg tYo s'/f af]Ng ;Sb}g <
oxfF s'g} Ps hgf kqsf/ ;]g dfl/of] jf a]kQf kfl/of] eGg] s'/f eGbf klg /fHo4f/f
g} gful/sx? /ftf/ft a]kQf kfl/g] / To;sf] lhDdf ;d]t glng] l:yltn] sfn k:of]
eGg] s'/f r} a9L u+eL/ ag]sf] 5 . of] vfnL dfcf]jfbL jf kqsf/x?nfO{ dfq nfu"
x'G5 c?nfO{ x'Fb}g eg]/ c?x?n] r} xft afFw]/ jf sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a:g] l:ylt ca
k6Ss} 5}g . k|wfgdGqL z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfn] o;cl3 g} egL ;Sg' ePsf] 5 M Pdfn] /
lul/hf b'a} cft+ssf/L x'g\ . of] l:yltdf hgtfsf eo / cft+s/lxt afFRg kfpg] xssf]
/Iffsf nflu dfq xf]Og cfkm\g} hLjg /Iffsf nflu klg cGo gful/s ;dfh tyf /fhg}lts
bnx?n] klg o; aLrdf lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf / a]kQf kfl/Psf ;Dk"0f{ aGbL gful/sx?sf]
hLjg /Iffsf nflu cljnDj cfGbf]ng jf vj/bf/Lsf] sfo{qmd Nofpg' kb{5 . of] s]jn
kqsf/x?sf] dfq bfloTjsf] s'/f xf]Og a? g]kfnL hgtfsf] clwsf/x?sf] lxt / /Iff
rfxfg] ;Dk"0f{ gful/s ;dfh / /fhg}lts bnx?sf] klg st{Jo xf] .
;+s6sfn d} klg n]vs, kqsf/x?sf] xft afFlwg' x'b}g . afFlwPsf] xftn] ;To tYo
lbb}g . s;}sf] k|fof]lht ;dfrf/ dfq af]s]/ lx+8\g] xf] eg] kqsfl/tf 5f]8] klg
x'G5 . ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 kqsfl/tf /fHosf] rf}yf] c+u xf] . of] cfkm}df pGd'Qm ePg
eg] /fHon] ;To tYo s'/f kfpb}g . h;sf sf/0fn] ;/sf/ hlxn] klg cFWof/f]df zf;g
ul//xg afWo x'G5 / Pslbg To;sf] csfn d[To' x'G5 .
To;}n] ;~rf/ hutnfO{ zq' ;Demg] olb cldg z}nL jf:tjdf ;/sf/sf nflu g} ;aeGbf
a9L k|To'Tkfbs 5 / x'G5 . t/ æebf}df cfFvf km'6]sf] uf]?n] ;Fw} xl/of]
b]V5Æ eg] em}+ xfd|f] zQf;Lgx?n] klg ;Fw} kqsf/x?nfO{ / ;r]t gful/sx?nfO{
zq' g} b]Vg] u/]sf] 5 . s] o;af6 ;/sf/sf] lxt l;4 xf]nf < jf:tjdf kqsf/x?n]
cft+sjfb lj?4sf] of] ;ft dlxgfsf] nfdf] ;+s6sfn el/ g} ;/sf/nfO{ ;fy lbPsf 5g\
t} klg ;/sf/sf] kqsf/x?k|ltsf] s'b[li6df r+} s'g} km]/abn cfPsf] 5}g . t/ cTofrf/sf]
l:ylt oxL :t/df a9\b} uof] eg] s;}n] klg y]Ug ;Sb}g / kqsf/x?n] klg y]Ug] jfnf
5}gg\ .
To;}n] ;/sf/sf] 3}+6f]df 3fd nfU5 eg] ;~rf/ hut / kqsf/x?nfO{ eo /lxt eP/ afFRg
/ n]Vg b]pm . kqsf/x?sf r'gf}ltnfO{ :jLsf/ u/ / s[i0f ;]g nufot a]kQf kfl/Psf
alGbx?nfO{ cljnDj ;fj{hlgs u/, o;}df ;/sf/sf] sNof0f 5 . ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] hLjGttf
;~rf/ If]q / kqsfl/tfsf] :jtGqtfdf g} c8]sf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f k|hftGqsf] /Iffsf
nflu eg]/ ;+s6sfn yKb} hfg]x?n] cj a'em]b]lv s;f] xf]nf <
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