rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
dfgj clwsf/ lba;sf ;Gbe{df b'O{ rf/ s'/f
s'df/ of]Ghg
!^ l8;]Da/ @))@
s, s]xL :jfutof]Uo sbdx?M
-!_ lj=;+= @)%( ;fn d+l;/ dlxgfsf] t];|f] xKtfn] s]xL v'lzsf] ;dfrf/x? lnP/
cfPsf] 5 ;+s6sfnsf] / ;]gf kl/rfngsf] 7Ls Ps jif{ ljt]kl5 . clxn] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL
b'a} tkm{af6 s]xL :jfut of]Uo sbdx? rflnPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] b]zsf] ef}lts
;+/rgfx?dfly / cGo bnsf /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ tyf u}/ ;}lgs If]qdfly cfs|d0f gug]{
gLlt kf6L{ kf]ln6Jo"/f]sf] lg0f{o ;lxt ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ eg] ;sf/fTds
kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f eP tTsfn jftf{ ug{ ;lsg] atfpb} pRr :tl/o jftf{ 6f]nL ;d]t
u7g u/]sf] s'/f klg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . olx aLr ;/sf/n] ljBfnox?df clgjfo{
?kdf nfu" x'Fb} cfPsf] ;F:s[t efiff lzIf0fnfO{ P]lR5s ljifo agfPsf] / blnt,
dlxnf tyf cToGt cNk;+Vos tyf lk5l8Psf] s]xL hghfltx?nfO{ df= lj= :t/;Dd lgMz'Ns
k9\g kfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] tyf gLlh ljBfnox?nfO{ ;d]t sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg sfd
yflnPsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . lgZro g} of] cToGt :jfut of]Uo lg0f{o xf]
. b]zsf ;a} /fhgLlts bn tyf gful/s ;dfhn] o;sf] v'n]/ :jfut u/]sf 5g\ / ug'{
klg kb{5 .
t/ cfh klg ;a}sf] dgdf ljZj;lgotfsf] k|Zg r} km]/L klg pl7/x]s} 5 . s] ;fFRr}
oL lg0f{ox? sfo{Gjog x'G5g\ < x'g klg of] ;+j]bgzLn k|Zg xf] / ljutsf ultljlwx?n]
o:tf] ;f]Rg ;dfhnfO{ afWo kf/]sf] xf] . jQmJojfhL / lg0f{odf Pp6f s'/f ug]{
/ Jojxf/df csf]{ sfd sfjf{xL ug]{ k/Dk/fut /f]un] clxn];Dd s;}nfO{ klg 5f]8]sf]
5}g . of] n]v n]Vg a:bf;Dddf Ps xKtf gljQ} Pp6f 36\gf 3l6;s]sf 5 h;n] dfcf]jfbLx?sf]
xfn}sf] k|lta4tfnfO{ PskN6 km]/L r'gf}lt lbO;s]sf] 5 . oBkL Tof] 36\gfdf s]xL
;}lgsx? klg k/]sf 5g\ t}klg Tof] ;j{;fwf/0f af]Sg] ;fj{hlgs a; lyof] eGg] s'/f
r} k|i6} ePsf] 5 . h]xf];\ To;nfO{ ;Rofpb} cfufdL lbgx?df cfkm\gf] lg0f{onfO{
b[9tfsf;fy dfcf]jfbLx?n] sfo{Gjog u/] eg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] w'ldn ePsf] dfgj clwsf/sf]
l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfpg] 5 . lgxTyf gful/sn] dfl/g' kg]{, b08 of ;hfosf] eflubf/
x'g'kg]{ tyf eo jf cft+sn] cfs|fGt eP/ afFRg' kg]{ jf z/0ffyL{ eO efUb} lx+8\g'
kg]{ l:yltsf] PsklIfo ?kd} ;lx cGTo x'g]5 . cfkm\g} b]zleq / aflx/ klg c;'/Iffsf
sf/0f z/0ffyL{ aGg k'u]sf xhf/f} g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm\gf] 3/ kms{g kfpg] 5g\ .
o;n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] s]jn eo / qf;d'Qm eP/ afFRg kfpg] xssf] dfq /Iff ug]{ 5}g
a? o;n] ;+u ;+u} dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ x]g]{ hgtfsf] cfd b[li6sf]0fdf klg km]/abn
NofOlbg] 5 . of] dfcf]jfbLx?s} nflu klg Psbd ;sf/fTds s'/f xf] . oBlk dfG5]x?n]
pgLx?sf of] sbdnfO{ ljleGg 9+un] JofVof ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . t/ ;a}n] dfGg} k5{
ls clxn] pgLx?n] lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ lg0f{o lnPsf 5g\ . of] eljiok|ltsf] cfzfjfbL
lg0f{o xf] .
/fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh tyf l;+u} b]zn] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] b]zsf] ef}lts ;+/rgf
tyf lgxTyf u}/ ;}lgs gful/sdflysf] xdnfnfO{ w]/} cl3b]lv lgGbf ub}{ cfPsf lyP
. x'g;S5, dfcf]jfbLx?n] To;a]nf o;nfO{ pgLx?sf] lj/f]w / ;/sf/ jf ;'/Iffkmf}hsf]
;dy{g 7fg]sf xf]pg\ . t/ tYo s'/f t s] xf] eg] Tof] ;/sf/sf] ;dy{g / dfcf]jfbLsf]
lj/f]w lyPg a? ;Rofpg] pTk]|/0ff lyof] . / tLg} ultljlwx?sf sf/0f pgLx?sf] 5ljdf
;d]t sfkmL gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] s'/fk|lt pgLx? ;r]t x'g} k5{ . km]/L hLjg s;}sf]
klg lkmtf{ lbg ;lsGb}g, To;}n] To;sf] x/0f klg dfgj clwsf/sf] cfFvfdf IfDo dflgb}g
. Tolx sf/0f xf], dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZj 3f]if0ffkqn] em08} %$ jif{ cl3 g} d[To'b08nfO{
;bfsf nflu pGd"ng u/]sf], alh{t u/]sf] . Tof] l:yltdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] clxn]
h'g lg0f{o lnPsf 5g\ Tof] cToGt :jfut of]Uo 5 . t/ cfj:ostf 5 To;sf] b[9tfk"j{s
sfo{Gjogsf] . To;nfO{ pgLx?n] 7Ls 9+un] sfo{Gjog u/] eg] o;af6 dfgj clwsf/sf]
/Iff dfq x'b}g, cfd gful/sdf pgLx?k|ltsf] ;sf/fTds k|efj klg a9\g]5 . h'g s'g}
klg /fhgLltsf] clei6 k|flKtsf nflu clgjfo{ x'G5 .
-@_ ;/sf/n] klg o;}a]nf ;+:s[t efiffsf] clgjfo{ lzIf0fnfO{ P]lR5s agfP/ :jfut
of]Uo sfd u/]sf] 5 . ;+:s[t efiffsf] cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf ul/df / dxTj 5 / xf]nf
t/ g]kfnsf] at{dfg kl/k|]Ifdf ;+:s[t Ps d[t efiffsf] ?kdf lrlgG5 . cfh ;+:s[t
efiff hglha|f]df slx+ klg 5}g / To:sf] pkfb]otf klg Jojxf/df afFsL /x]sf] 5}g
. Tof] l:yltdf klg ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ ljWofnox?df clgjfo{ u/fP/ ;/sf/n] jf:tjdf
ljWofyL{x?dfly cgfj:os af]em dfq yf]k/L/x]sf] lyof] . / of] eGbf klg dxTjk"0f{
s'/f r} /fHosf] ;+/If0f gkfP/ b]zsf nfvf} hgtfn] af]Ng] s}og\ dft[efiffx? tL
;d'bfox?af6 ;d]t qmdz nf]k eP/ uO/x]5g\ . cl3Nnf] Ps tYofªs cg';f/ g]kfndf
!@% dft[efiffx? 5g\ . tLdWo] tLg dft[efiffx? ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf nf]k eO;s]sf
5g\ eg] efiff zf:qLx?sf cg';f/ olx ?kdf afFsL cGo efiffx?n] cj klg /fHo:t/af6
;+/If0f gkfpg] xf] eg] cfufdL bz jif{ leqdf c? w]/} cNk;+Vos hfltsf efiffx?
nf]k eP/ hfg] 5g\ . Tof] l:yltdf Pp6f d[t efiffsf nflu s/f]8f} vr{ u/L ljBfnox?df
clgjfo{ u/fO ljZjljBfno ;d]t rnfP/ dx+uf] xflQ kfNg' cfkm}df cg'Tkfbs dfq geP/
nf]k x'Fb} u/]sf efiffx?k|lt 3f]/ cGofo klg x'GYof] / eO/x]sf] lyof] . Tolx
sf/0f g]kfnsf hghflt cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf hgtfn] w]/} cl3b]lv ;+:s[t efiffsf] clgjfo{tfsf]
vf/]hLsf] dfu ub}{ cfPsf lyP . of] Gofof]lrt klg lyof] .
;/sf/sf] of] lg0f{on] s]jn clvn s|flGtsf/Lsf] Pp6f dfunfO{ dfq k"/f u/]sf]
5}g, ;fy} b]zsf em08} ;Q/L k|ltzt ;+Vofdf /x]sf cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] efjgfsf]
sb/ klg u/]sf] 5 . s'g} efiffnfO{ hjh{:t nfb\g] / s'g} efiffnfO{ 7fpF g} glbg]
gLlt jf:tjdf cfkm}df e]befjd"ns lyof] . clxn] Tof] s'/fnfO{ /fHo:t/af6
dxz'; ul/Psf] 5 t/ cem} klg ;jfn afFsL 5 Tof] xf] lg0f{osf] sfo{Gjog / dft[efiffx?df
k7g kf7gsf] s'/f . hj;Dd ljleGg cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] dft[efiffx?df ljBfnox?df
k7gkf7gsf] sfd x'b}g tj;Dd ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ P]lR5s agfpg' / gagfpg'n] s'g} cy{
/fVb}g . To; cy{df dft[efiffx?df k7gkf7gsf] sfd clgjfo{ aGg uPsf] 5 . t/ Tof]
eGbf klg dxTjsf] s'/f r} dft[efiffx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf nflu of] clgjfo{
ePsf] xf] . hj;Dd s'g} efiffnfO{ /fHon] ;+/If0f lbb}g / To;nfO{ k|zf;lgs Pj+
;fdflhs Jojxf/df n}hfg] :jtGqtf /fHon] lbb}g To;a]nf;Dd s'g} klg efiffsf] /Iff
Pj+ ljsf; ;Dej 5}g . To;tkm{ klg ;/sf/sf] Wofg cljnDj hfg'kb{5 . b]zdf af]lng]
;a} dft[efiffx? b]zsf ;femf ;Dklt x'g\ eGg] s'/f s;}n] klg e'Ng' x'b}g . dfgj
clwsf/sf] /Iffdf dft[efiffx?sf] /Iff / ljsf; klg Pp6f cfofd xf] eGg] s'/f ;a}n]
a'em]s} x'g'kb{5 .
v, dfgj clwsf/ lbj; / o;sf k|f;+lustfx? M
dfgj clwsf/ lbj; o;jif{ klg ljleGg sfo{s|d;lxt b]zsf ljleGg efudf dgfOof] .
;a}n] dfgj clwsf/, zflGt / k|hftGqsf lbglxg cj:yfsfaf/]df u+le/ lrGtf hfx]/
u/] . ;/sf/sf dGqLx? klg To;/L g} uf]xLsf] cfFz' emfg]{ sfddf kl5 k/]gg\ . lbglbg}sf]
bh{gf}sf] xTof, lx+;f / cft+sn] b]znfO{ ufFlh/x]sf] a]nf of] :jfefljs klg xf]
. t/ zflGtjftf{sf] s'/f cfh klg cf]em]ndf g} 5 . To;tkm{ ;/sf/n] kfOnf rfNg
;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, at{dfg ;+s6sf] /fhg}lts lgsf; gvf]hLsg b]zdf
dfgj clwsf/sf] l:ylt ;'b[9 x'g]jfnf 5}g . b]zdf zflGt kms{g]jfnf 5}g . g t lgjf{rgsf]
s'/f g} ;Dej x'g]jfnf 5 . t/ km]/L klg Tof] lgsf;sf nflu jftf{df a:g ;/sf/ lsg
tof/ eO/x]sf] 5}g < dfcf]jfbLx?n] jftf{sf nflu jftf{ 6f]nL u7g u/L ;sf/fTds
kxn ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ cfXjfg\ u/]sf] klg Ps xKtf ljlt;Sof] t}klg ;/sf/ lsg af]ln/x]sf]
5}g < b]zdf dfgj clwsf/sf] axfnLsf nflu cfhsf] ;a}eGbf k]lrnf] k|Zg} olx
xf] . t/ To;sf] pQ/ ;/sf/ lbg rflx/x]sf] 5}g . b]z / hgtfsf] b"ef{Uo olxg]/
5 . h;sf l9nfO{sf sf/0fn] k|To]s lbg k|To]s 3l8 bh{gf} gful/sx?sf] Hofg uO/x]sf]
5 . o;tkm{ b]zsf lhDd]jf/ zlQmx? lsg u+le/ eO/x]sf 5}gg\ < hgtfsf afFRg kfpg]
xs g} axfn g/x]kl5 c? clwsf/x?sf] axfnLsf] s] cy{ /xG5 < cfhsf] dfgj clwsf/
lbj;sf] k|f;+lustfsf] k|Zg klg d"ntM olx s'/f;+u ufl;Psf] 5 .
ut Ps jif{b]lv b]z leif0f lx+;fsf] rk]6fdf k/]sf] 5 / To;sf] kl/0ffd kfFr xhf/
eGbf al9 gful/sx?sf] Hofg uO;s]sf] 5 / cfh klg lbgf} bh{gf} gful/sx?sf] Hofg
uO/x]sf] 5, xhf/f} xhf/ gful/sx? ;'/Iffsf] vf]hLdf ljb]lzPsf 5g\ eg] km}nb}
uPsf] u[xo'4n] xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf c;xfo / cgfyx? hGdfPsf] 5 t/ klg To;sf] lgsf;
vf]Hg] / b]zdf zflGt axfnL ug]{ lbzfdf ;/sf/ dfq xf]Og /fhg}lts bnx? ;d]t cem}
u+le/ b]lvPsf 5}gg\ . kl/0ffd b]zdf dfgj clwsf/sf] l:yltsf af/]df af]Ng klg
cj d'l:sn ePsf] 5 . gful/s ;dfhn] dfgj clwsf/ lbj; ;d]t plx lx+;f, xTof, bf]xf]/f]
cft+ssf ljr dgfpg' k/]sf] 5 . cfh klg dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xnfO{ bdg ug]{ gfddf lgxTyf
/ lgbf]{; gful/sx?sf] xTof, lu/km\tf/L / a]kQf kfg]{ h:tf ls|ofsnfkx? /f]lsPsf
5}gg\ . lbgxF' dfG5]x? dfl/Ps} 5g\ . at{dfg dGqLx?sf af]nLx? lk+w gePsf nf]6fsf]
h:tf] x'b} uPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] lbg Pp6f s'/f af]Nb5g\ / bf];|f] lbg To:sf] v08g
ub{5g\ . o;n] pgLx?sf :t/ / ljZj;lgotfdfly emg\ emg\ k|Zg p7fpFb} uPsf] 5 .
;/sf/ b]z / hgtf b'a}sf] ;+/Ifs xf] . p;sf egfO / u/fOx? lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{
x'g}k5{ . pm cfkm\gf] bfloTjk|lt u+le/ x'g}k5{ . Pshgf klg gful/sdfly cGofo
x'Fbf jf p;sf] Hofg hf]lvddf kbf{ pm ;+a]bgzLn x'g}k5{ . t/ ;/sf/n] cfkm}dfly
g} a}wflgstf / ljZj;lgotfsf] u+eL/ kZg p7\bf klg To;sf] lgbfg vf]h]g / cfh;Dd
klg vf]lhPsf] 5}g a? 4GbnfO{ cfd\g] ;fd\g] p7fOb} 5 . h;n] dfgj clwsf/sf] l:yltnfO{
c? eofjx lbzflt/ n}hfb} 5 .
o;y{ oL s'/fx?df ;'wf/ gcfP;Dd, /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ ;xsfo{df gnu];Dd / gful/s
hLjg / pg\sf clwsf/x?sf] /Iffsf nflu ;/sf/, /fhg}lts bn tyf gful/s ;dfhx? k|lta4
geP;Dd cyf{t\ d'Vo t o'4/t kIfx?af6 gful/sx?sf afFRg kfpg] xssf] k|Tofe"lt
geP;Dd xfdLn] dgfpg] dfgj clwsf/ lbj;sf] s'g} cy{ /xb}g .
To;}n] ;/sf/n] klg dfcf]jfbLx?n] em}+ 3f]if0ff ug'{ k/\of] ls cj u}/ ;}lgs,
lgxTyf gful/s tyf cf:yfsf cfwf/df s;}dfly slx+ klg s'g} sfjf{xL ul/g] 5}g, ul/Psf]
k'li6 ePdf bf]ifLdfly s8f sfjf{xL ug{ ;/sf/ k|lta4 5 . of] dfdnfdf s]jn 3]fif0ffdf
dfq xf]Og Jojxf/df klg b'a} kIf k|lta4 x'g} k5{ . o;n] hgtfsf] afFRg kfpg] xssf]
Uof/]lG6 u5{ / ;/sf/sf] 5lj p7fpgdf d4t u5{ . clxn]sf] l:yltdf dfgj clwsf/ lbj;df
;/sf/sf] pkl:yltsf] tj dfq cy{ /xG5 .
t/ b"ef{Uo of] n]v n]Vbf n]Vb} b'O÷tLg 7fpFdf slyt le8Gtsf gfddf
;j{;fwf/0f ufpFn] hgtfx? dfl/Psf ;dfrf/x? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . afun'ª UjfnLrf}/sf]
3\6\gfsf] :ynut cWoogdf uPsf] dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf Ps 6f]nLn] k|lta]bg
;fj{hlgs ub}{ eg]sf] 5 æ;'/Iffkmf}håf/f ePsf] cGwfw'Gw xTof u}/Goflos
xTofsf] csf]{ pbfx/0f xf] . d[tsx¿ ;a} lgxTyf lyP eg] PDa'; k8\lsPsf]
emf]+sdf ;]gfn] cGwfw'Gw uf]nL rnfpFbf lgbf]{if ^ hgfsf] xTof ePsf] b]lvG5 .Æ
6f]nLn] bf]ifLx?dfly sfjf{xLsf] dfu ;d]t u/]sf 5g\ .
To:t} ;}lgs sf/afxLdf a'waf/ /flt nIdLk'/ uflj;-#, bfª a]n'jf ufpFdf dfl/Psfx?
klg s'g} /fhgLlts bn;Fu cfa4 gePsf lgxTyf ;j{;fwf/0f ePsf] dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+u7g
zflGt ;dfhn] hgfPsf] 5 . ;dfrf/sf cg';f/ 36gf:ynsf] zlgaf/ :ynut cWoog u/L dfl/Psf
kl/jf/;Fu ;f]wk'5 ubf{ skm\o'{ nfu]sf] ;dodf sf/afxL ePsf] eP klg kqmfp ug{
;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] kfOPsf] k|ltlglwd08nsf Ps ;b:on] atfPsf 5g\ . lrq o:tf] 5
b]zsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] . Ps Ps j6f gfddf lgxTyf ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sx? dfl/G5g\
/ ltg\nfO{ cft+ssf/L jf cGo s'g} cfj/0fn] 9flsG5 . / bf]ifL r} k'/:s[t x'G5g\
. of] l:yltdf xfdL dfgj clwsf/ lbj; dgfO/x]sf 5f}+ h;n] xfd|f ;a} dfGotfx? pk/
pkxf; / pk]Iff ul//x]5g\ .
u, hg:t/af6 kxnsbdLsf] cfj:ostf M
zflGtjftf{ ug]{ pb\3f]if;lxt k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGbsf] gofF ;/sf/ cfPsf]
klg ca b'O{ dlxgf gfl3;s]sf] 5 t/ zflGtjftf{sf] s'/f cfh klg hxfFsf] tFxL 5
. xfdLn] hlt;'s} dfgj clwsf/, zflGt / k|hftGqsf] s'/f u/] klg clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df
;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL ljrsf] zflGtjftf{ ha;Dd cl3 a9\b}g, To;sf lgsf;sf nflu /fhg}lts
bnx? Psdtn] Ps7fpFdf cfpFb}gg\ ta;Dd xfd|f e'sfOx? sfu s/fpFb} u5{ lkgf ;'Sb}
u5{ eGg] dfq x'G5 / cfh;Dd o;} x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . x'g t of] klg To;}sf nflu bjfjsf]
Pp6f k|ls|of xf]nf t/ cj s;} g s;}n] gful/s ;dfh, /fhg}lts bn, tyf ;/sf/nfO{
Ps 7fpFdf NofO /fhg}lts lgsf; tyf ljsNksf] vf]hLsf nflu a[xt\ 5nkmnsf] 9f]sf
vf]lnlbg' / Pp6f 6'+uf]df n}hfg' ;dosf] dfu eO;s]sf] 5 . To:sf] lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/n]
lnP ;aeGbf pko'Qm x'G5 t/ ;/sf/ clxn];Dd /fhg}lts bnx?;+u Ps 7fpFdf a;]/ s'/f
ug{ tyf jftf{s} kxn ug{ t ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eg] p;n] of] sfd s;/L unf{ < To;}n]
Tof] bfloTj gful/s ;dfhn] g} lgefpg' k5{ / ;S5 klg . o;nfO{ lgsf;sf] vf]hLsf
nflu dfcf]jfbLx?n] eGg] u/] em}+ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng eg] klg jf 4Gb ;dfwfgsf nflu
a[xt\ ;Dd]ng h] gfd lbP klg km/s kb}{g . To;n] dfq at{dfg ;+s6sf nflu zfob lgsf;sf]
9f]sf vf]lnlbg] 5 . To;kl5 dfq zfob xfdL b]zdf dfgj clwsf/ axfnL ug]{, zflGt
;'/Iff / k|hftGqnfO{ dha't ug]{ s'/f klg ;f]Rg ;S5f}+ . cfh 4Gb ;dfwfgsf nflu
dfcf]jfbL;lxtsf] /fli6o ;xdltsf] vf]hL dfgj clwsf/sf] /Iffsf ;DaGwdf Ps dxTjk"0f{
sl8 xf] eGg] s'/f huhfx]/ g} 5 .
t/ b"ef{Uo s] 5 eg] cfh klg h'g a]nf g]tfx?s} zJbdf k|hftGq lk+h8fdf k/]sf]
5, To;a]nf klg /fhg}lts bnx?df Ps?ktf cfO/x]sf] 5}g . of] b]z / hgtfsf ajf{lbsf]
;"rs dfq xf], k|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt axfnLsf kIfdf clxn] klg pgsf
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