rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
afx| jif{kl5 l;§L t aHof] t/ glthf s] xf]nf
lg/~hgdfgl;+x /]UdL
hgj/L !), @))#
k|hftGqsf] gfddf lat]sf afx| aif{b]lv ;/sf/ rnfpg] / k|ltkIfdf a:g]n] hgtfnfO{
9fF6]/ /fhgLlt ub}{ cfO/x]sf lyP . s;}n] ;dfhafb t s;}n] hgafbsf] gf/f lbP .
t/ pknlAw lat]sf] @) aif{df of] jif{ g]kfnsf] cfly{s lasf;sf] l:ylt ;aeGbf tn
emg{ k'Uof] .
g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)$& sf] b'xfO{ lbb} /fhg}lts bnx?n] ckf/blz{ lsl;dn] /fHo
;+rfng u/]sf] vj/ kqklqsfdf lgoldt k|sflzt ePsf] dfq} xf]Og :jod\ g]kfnL hgtfn]
k|ToIf ef]Ub} cfPsf lyP . clg e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f lsg x'Fb}g cyjf lzIffsf] :t/
lsg o;l/ tn emb}{5 elg ;f]4f ;w+} tof/L pQ/ cfpFYof] of] t tL; jli{fo k+rfotL
sfn/flqsf] s/fdt xf] . :juL{o /fhf >L % jL/]Gb|n] b]zdf e}/x]sf] cJoj:yfdf,
h;/L km'6an v]ndf ulNt ePdf /]k|mLn] v]nf8LnfO{ l;§L ahfP/ ;r]t ug'{ kYof]{,
s] sf/0fn] xf] /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ ;dod} ;r]t ul/aS;]g . l9n} eP klg, /fhg}lts
bnsf g]tfx?n] ;+ljwfgsf] dgkl/ pmkef]u ul/ hgtfnfO{ b'v lbg yfn]kl5 ;+ljwfg
@)$& leq} /xL -wf/f !@* sf] ;§f !@& sf] k|of]udf lrQ ga'em] klg_
>L % 1fg]Gb|n] /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ ;r]t u/fOaS;]sf] o; 36gfn] elaiodf /fhg}lts
bn / g]tfx?n] hg;]jf / b]z ljsf;sf] dfdnfdf /fd|f] Wofg k'/fpg] 5g\ g ls k|hftGq
eg/] s/fpg] / kfPkl5 afFb/sf] xftdf gl/an h:t} ug]{ 5}gg eGg] cfzf g]kfnLx?n]
lng'k/]sf] 5 .
afx| jif{sf] /fHo ;+rfngdf kf/blz{sf] cefasf sf/0f b]zdf cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf
z}lIfs If]qdf b]zdf cGof]nsf] l:ylt pTkGg x'g u} /fhg}lts ;d:of ;d]t v8f x'guof],
h;sf] k|efj cfh ;Dk"0f{ b]zjf;L tyf ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] ;d]t ef]Ug'k/]sf]
5 . lghLs/0f b]lv zflGt ;''/Iff, xjfOhxfh ef8fdf lng];Dd sld;g / cfkm\gf] dflg;nfO{
dfq} kf]:g] jftfj/0f aGof] . k|hftGqsf] gfddf ;/sf/ rnfpg] /fhgLlts bnn] u/]sf
clgoldtfnfO{ lnP/ cfdhgtf, ljkIf /fhgLlts bnx?, kqsf/, b]zsf] ljsf; / zflGt
;'/Iffdf lrlGtt ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx? / x'FbfxF+bf g]kfnsf] ljsf;df nfdf] ;dob]lv
lg/Gt/ cg'bfg / C0f ;xof]u lbb} cfPsf ljb]zL bftf tyf bflq;+:yfx?n] jf/Djf/
cfjfh p7fpb} cfPsf lyP . t/ cfkm" kbdf a:bf h] u/] klg l7s b]Vg] / kbaf6
x6\gf;fy plx sfd s'/f j]l7s b]Vg] /f]un] u|:t bnsf g]tfx?n] ubf{ cfhsf] of]
lbg klg cfof] . 5FbfvfFbf] hglgjf{lrt ;f+;bnfO{ eª\u u/]/ lgaf{rg x'g}
g;lsg] l:yltdf gof+ lgjf{rg u/fpg] ts{ Psflt/ lbOof] eg] csf]{tkm{ ;'/Iffsf]
sf/0f b]vfO{ :yfgLo lgjf{rg :yug dfq} ul/Pg ;+s6sflng cj:yfdf ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf]
clwsf/ k|of]u u/L uf+p tyf lhNnf ljsf;sf kbflwsfl/x?sf] Dofb Ps jif{ yk klg
gu/L ;b/d'sfdd} a;]/ lhNnf / ufFp ljsf;sf sfo{qmd rnfpg sd{rf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg
lbOof] . cGTodf, lgjf{rg k/ ;fg{ l;kmfl/; ubf{ g} ;+ljwfg nTofPsf] kl/k|]Ifdf,
hgtf, kqsf/, /fhgLlts bnx? / ljb]zL bftfx?n] ;d]t -3'dfp/f] kf/fn]_ lgsDdf 7x/fPsf]
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a/vf:t ugf{n] b]zsf] O{Hht hf]luPsf] dfq} xf]Og k|hftGqsf] gfddf
b]z tx;gx; ug]{ /fhgLlts bn tyf ltgsf g]tfnfO{ Pp6f 7'nf] ;as ePsf] 5 . t/ bnsf
g]tfx?n] lat]sf b'O{ dlxgfdf cfkm"n] hgtfnfO{ lbPsf] jrgsf] kfngf gePsf]df
pgLx?;+u Ifdf dfUb} cfkm"n] ca cfOGbf s;/L b]zdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] axfnL
ug]{ / s:tf] sfo{qmd NofO{ ljsf; sfo{nfO{ cuf8L a9fpg] eGg] hfgsf/L;Dd u/fpg
;s]sf 5}gg . pN6} e|i6frf/ ug]{nfO{ sf/afxL ubf{ k|hftGqnfO{ vt/f b]Vg]x?n]
e|i6 g]tfx?n] h] u/] klg lj/f]w dfq} ug]{ ;f]rfO{ /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . lat]sf b'O{
dlxgfdf kb n'Kt g]tfx?n] Psflt/ cfkm\g} ;fyLx?nfO{ tyfgfd eGg yfn]sf 5g\ eg]
csf]{tkm{ s] slt sf/0fn] klxn] lsg sf/afxL u/L bnaf6 lg:sfl;t ug'{k/sf] xf]
eGb} gegL lkmtf{ af]nfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf] ax'bnLP /fhgLltdf s] klg b]lvof] eg] hf] kbdf uof], p:nfO{ s;}sf] 8/
ePg / cfcfkm\gf] kmfObfsf] nflu b]z / hgtfnfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ ljb]zLsf] 8/ b]vfP/
hgtfnfO{ zf]if0f ul/of] . ;aeGbf pb]s nfUbf] s'/f s] e}/x]sf] 5 eg] k|fo ;a}
bnsf g]tfx? a]nfg s'a]nf g]kfndf ljb]lz x:tIf]k x'g;Sg] elg/xG5g t/ pgLx?g}
cfkm"nfO{ ;d:of kbf{ ljb]z uP/ n'Sg] dfq} xf]Og ToxfFsf g]tfx?;+u /fhg}lts
dGqf0ff klg u5{g\ clg hgtfn] pgLx?nfO{ kTofpg] s;/L < ca x'Fbfx'Fbf g]kfnL
sf+u|];nfO{ /fhfaf6} 6'qm\ofOPsf] v'nf;f z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{
g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efkltn]
ca dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn]
nf} xfd|f] klg kf6L{
6'lqmof] eGg dfq afFsL 5Ú eGg' x'b}
/fhfn] k|ltufdL zlQmsf] g]t[Tj
lng vf]h]sf]Ú lgisif{df cfkm" k'u]sf] klg atfpg'ePsf]df k|hgtGqdf
ljZjf; ug]{ / g]kfnL /fhgLltdf rf;f] /fVg] g]kfnLx?sf] dgdf k|Zg p7g' :jefljs}
5 Tof] s] eg] k|hftGqsf] nflu ;dlk{t bnx? / To;sf] g]t[Tj ug{ sxlnPsf b]zsf
k|v/ g]tfx? z]/axfb'/ b]pjf / dfwj g]kfn s] b'w] jfns of czSt lj/fdL xf] h:n]
/fhfn] h] eg] Tolx dfGg] .
g]kfnLsf] nflu k|hftGq ckl/xfo{ 5 / ;docg';f/ To;sf] pkef]u ug{ ;a} hgtfn] kfpg}
k5{ . xfnsf] kl/l:yltn] ubf{ g]kfnsf] k|hftGq k'gaf{xfnL slxn] xf]nf eGg] rf;f]
:jb]z / ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLnfO{ dfq} xf]Og g]kfnLx?nfO{ dfof ug]{ ljb]zLx?nfO{
klg rf;f]sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] cEof; x'Fbf ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLn]
klg cfgGb dx;'; u5{ ;fy} p;sf] nflu of] uf}/jsf] ljifo klg xf] . g]kfndf czflGtsf]
l:ylt ut ;ft jif{b]lv rfn'5 . lat]sf lbgx?n] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] dfdnfdf ax'bnLo
/fhg}lts g]tfx?sf] l:ylt k|i6 ePsf] 5 .
pgLx?nfO{ kb rflxPsf] 5 / b]zdf zflGt sfod ug{ c;Ifd dfq} xf]Og cfkm" kbdf
a:bf s]lx gug]{ c?nfO{ bf]if lbb} ;do latfP . jftf{af6 ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{k5{
eGg]x?n] s'g} lgof]lht sfo{s|d cufl8 ;f/]sf] b]lvb}g . k|hftflGqs cEof;df ;+;f/d}
Vofltk|fKt b]z cd]l/sfsf] /fhwflg jfl;ª\6g 8L;L d]6|f]kf]ln6gdf ut cS6f]a/df
b'O{ hgfn] hf] kfof] Tolx / hxfF kfof] Tolx+ uf]nL xfgL dfg]{ / 3fOt] agfpg]
ubf{ oxfFsf dflg;n] k|hftGq cGt/ut k|fKt jfs :jtGqtf tyf cGo /fhg}lts :jtGqtf
eGbf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cfjZos a9L dx;'; u/] . 8/n] ubf{ dflg;x? 3/}df a:g afWo
eP :s'nx? AfGb eP, / Aofkf/ 36g uof] . g]kfnsf] cfhsf] cfjZostf eg]sf] klxnf
b]zdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] axfnL x'g' xf] . hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/n] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;df
lj36g ePsf] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf gx'g] lg0f{o ;af]{Rr cbfntn] klg ul/;s]sf]5 . ;+;b
k'g:yf{kgf u/]/ klg b]zdf zflGt sfod x'g'sf] ;f6f] klxn] h:t} bn bn aLr / bn
leq} s's'/ la/fnf] sf] h:tf] emu8f x'g ;Sb}g eg]/ s:n] eGg ;S5 . To:t} b]zdf
zflGt sfoddf ;a} /fhg}lts bnx?n] Psdt ge} lgjf{rg ul/g] xf] eg] 6fpsf] b'Vof]
eg]/ lelq /f]usf] klxrfg gul/ Pl:k|g lbg' h:t} dfq x'g]5 . To;}n] ;+;bsf] k'gjf{xfnL
jf lgjf{rg eGbf b]zdf zflGt ;'/Iff sfod u/L ljsf;sf] ?k/]vfsf] tof/ ug'{ klxnf]
cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . cGTodf hgtfsf] clwsf/ hgtfd} hfg'k5{ / k|hftGqsf] cEof; kf/bzL{
lsl;dn] x'g'k5{ eGg]df s;}sf] b'O{ dt x'g;Sb}g .
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