rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
;S5f} u0ftGqsf nflu n8 ;Sb}gf} /fhfs} ;Qf :jLsf/ u/
cf]hZjL
h'g !#, @))#
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg ut c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0faf6 d[t eO;s]sf] s'/f :jo+ ;+ljwfg
lgdftf{x?n] g} elg/x]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf b]zdf g ;+;b 5 g s'g} kf6L{ 5
. To:tf] cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqL ag]sf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] lg0f{onfO{
lsg dfGg] < s] pgL kf6L{sf] lg0f{on] agfOPsf k|wfgdGqL x'g\ / < of] k|wfgdGqLsf]
kbdf /fhfn] /fk|kfsf g]tfnfO{ /fv]sf x}gg\ . /fhfn] t cfkm\gf] ;Qf l6sfpg /
ljb]zLx?sf] lgufxfdf cfkm\gf] ;Qfsf] 9fn agfpgsf nflu OdfGbf/ / s'l6n v]nf8L
5fg]sf g x'g\ . o:tf] v]nf8L clxn]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} bn;Fu cfj4 gePsf JolQmnfO{
klg /fVg ;lsGYof] t/ /fhfn] To:tf] JolQm kfPgg\ . /fhkf7 hfg]sf cg'ejL afa's}
kfnfb]lvsf /fheQm /fhgLlts v]nf8LnfO{ xft lnOPsf] dfq xf] . o;}n] /fli6|o k|hftGq
kf6L{sf cWoIf kz'kltzD;]/ /f0ffn] jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL;Fu dGqLd08ndf kf6L{sf] lg0f{ocg';f/sf
dfG5] k/]gg\ eGg'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL ljutdf ax'bnLo Joj:yf x'Fbf
cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf cWoIf lyP eg]/ uj{ u/]/ k|wfgdGqL t xfd|f dfG5] kf] t eGg'd}
sNof0f 5 . To;f] t k|wfgdGqL t lxhf] /fk|kfs} csf{ g]tf nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbnfO{
klg agfOPsf] lyof] To;a]nf /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL nufot cGo dGqLd08ndf ;d]t cfkm\g}
kxF'rdf agfPsf lyP eg] clxn]sf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ s]xL clwsf/ /fhfn] lbPsf 5g\ Tof]
xf] dGqLd08ndf cfkm\gf ljZjf;kfqx?nfO{ /fVg] .
kf6L{x? c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffb]lv c3f]lift k|ltjlGwt cj:yfdf 5g\ . pgLx?
lg/Lx 5g\ . k|wfgdGqLsf] kb vfnL ePkl5 kbsf nflu cfkm\gf] b/vf:t xfNg k'u]sf
kf6L{x?nfO{ /fhfn] nf]Kkf VjfOlbP/ k7fP kl5 pgLx? k'gM cfuf] eP . cfuf] eP/
dfq s] ug]{ pgLx?nfO{ hgtfn] klg s;/L ;fy lbg] < hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu lxhf]
s] u/] < lxhf] k|hftGq x'Gh]n klg ;Qfs} n'5ftfgL ug]{ ltg} kf6L{sf g]tfx?
cfh k'gM ;Qf vfnL x'gf;fy k|hftflGqs clwsf/sf nflu nl8/x]sf xf}+ eGg]x? /fhfsf]
s"l6n v]nnfO{ a'em\g g;s]/ k'gM dnfO{ r}+ dxf/fhf k|wfgdGqLdf lgo'lQm ul/:of]
eGb} k'Ug] g]tfx?nfO{ hgtfn] s;/L ljZjf; ug]{ < olb clxn] k|hftGqsf] 3fF6L
lgdf]l7Psf] ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] 7fG5g\ eg] pgLx? k|hftGqsf nflu Ps eP/ Pp6f
lglZrt cfGbf]ngsf nflu cufl8 a9\g'k/\of] h'g cfGbf]ngn] ls u0ftGq rflxG5 eGg
;Sg'k/\of] x}g eg] xfdLnfO{ /fhfs} lgufxfsf] zf;g l7s 5 eg]/ r'krfk a:g'k/\of]{
. olb cfGbf]ngsf] s'g} lglZrtf x'Fb}g eg] ef]ln k'gM ;"o{axfb'/nfO{ x6fP/
s]xL lbg k|wfgdGqLsf] kb vfnL ug]{ ljlQs} ;a} /fhgLlts bnx? nfh ;/d krfP/ /fhfsf]df
ljlGtkq xfNg k'Ug] lglZrt 5 To;}n] hgtfn] s] sf nflu kf6L{sf] cfGbf]ngsf kl5
nfUg] < hgtfsf] clwsf/sf nflu n8\g x}g cfkm" s;/L ;Qfdf k'uf}+ eGg]x?nfO{
;fy lbg ca hgtf tof/ 5}gg\ .
/fhfsf] of] s"l6n rfnn] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ eg] pmhf{ k|bfg ul//x]sf]
5 . pgLx? clxn] h+unaf6 zx/ k;]/ cfkm\gf] ;+u7g dha't agfpFb} 5g\ . cflv/ b]zsf
hgtfx? u0ftGqlt/ hfFb}5g\ . of] e]nnfO{ /fhgLlts kf6L{x? ;a}n] Ps eP/ /fd|f];Fu
dnhn ug]{ xf] eg] b]zdf u0ftGq :yfkgf x'g slta]/ klg nfUb}g t/ 8/ hgtfnfO{ 5
b]z xfFSg] s;n] clxn]sf log} g]tfx?n] < To;}n] hgtfx? cGof}ndf k/]sf 5g\
. ;xL g]t[Tj ljgfsf] b]zdf /fhf oflsP klg hgtfn] ;'v gkfpg] b]lv;s]sf
5g\ .
ca b]zdf lgsf;sf] b'O{6f af6f 5g\ . Pp6f xf] kfls:tfgsf] k/j]h d';/km z}nLdf
/fhfn] g} ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lng] . csf]{ 5 ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x? ldn]/ b]zdf
u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{ . oL b'O{ ljsNkdWo] s'g} klg Pp6f k"/f ePdf afx| kGw|
jif{ b]zdf /fd|};Fu zf;g rNg ;S5 /fhfn] k]n]/ n}hfg klg ;S5g\ of /fhgLlts kf6L{x?
;a}sf] Pp6} cfjfh lgl:sg ;Sof] eg] Tof] e]nn] /fhfnfO{ g} aufpg klg ;S5 . b]zsf]
clxn] u+eL/do cj:yfdf 5 . lbgx'F ;/sf/ km]/jbn u/]/ jf ca ;Qf l6sfpg s'g} klg
gf]s/nfO{ uf/f] x'G5 . dflnsn] ;w}+ gf]s/nfO{ dfof ub}{g Tof] s'/f t z]/axfb'/
b]pjfsf] xfntn] klg cGo ;a}n] a'em\g'kg]{ xf] . Toltdfq x}g rGbsf] xfnt klg
To:t} To:t} ePsf] xf] eg] ca ;"o{jxfb'/ yfkf clxn] Kof/f ePsf 5g\ . t/
logL g z]/axfb'/ b]pjf h:tf lg/Lx 5g\ gt rGb h:tf] ;f]emf 5g\ . logsf] Oltxf;
x]bf{ klg yfxf x'G5 @)#^ ;fnsf] ax'bnsf] lgjf{rgdf x/fpgnfO{ s;/L ;kmn ePsf
lyP . ToxL s'/fsf] x]Ssf /fv]/ g} /fhfn] cfkm\gf] glhssf] pgnfO{ agfPsf 5g\
. s;d]sd cfkm\gf] enf] gb]Vg] eP klg /fhtGqk|lt lognfO{ ;dlk{t u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg]
s'/f /fhfn] a'em]/ g} lognfO{ b/jf/sf] g''g VjfPsf x'g\ . cfkm" klg s'g}
a]nf oflsg ;S5' eGg] s'/f pgn] klg a'em]sf 5g\ . To;n] b]z rnfpg] clwsf/
s;}sf] lgufxfaf6 k|fKt ug'{ eGbf klg hgtfx? cfkm}+n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ lng' g}
clxn]sf] pQd ;do 5 . of] @! ;f}+ ;tfAbLdf klg s;}sf] lgufxfaf6 aS; ePsf] clwsf/
k|of]u u/]/ ;Qf xfFSg] ;kgf b]Vg'eGbf klg hgtfsf] clwsf/ hgtfs} xftdf lng;Sg'
Tof] axfb'/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;a} /fhgLlt bnx?n] a'em\g' clxn]sf] ;do pko'Qm 5
.
/fhgLlt kf6L{x? ;S5f}+ eg] dfcf]jfbL vfcf]jfbL ;a} ldn]/ hgtfsf nflu ca k|hftGq
x}g u0ftGq g]kfnsf] :yfkgfsf nflu n8 x}g ;Sb}gf} eg] h;n] To;sf nflu n8\5 To;nfO{
;fy b]pm Tof] klg ;Sb}gf} eg] /fhgLltaf6 ;Gof; n]pm x}g eg] /fhf;Fu} ldn]/ b]zdf
;}lgs zf;g ug{sf nfluæs"Æsf] of]hgfdf ;fd]n xf]pm . b]znfO{
cem}+ w]/} hh{/ x'gaf6 arfpm . b]znfO{ ;w}+ e/ /fhgLlts lvrftfgLdf gxf]d b]zdf
cGo ljsf;sf sfddf klg hgtfnfO{ cufl8 a9fp h'g;'s} tGq cfP klg hgtfnfO{ ;'vzflGt
b]p xfd|f] oxL z'esfdgf .
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