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s] /fhtGq ;fFRr} Pstfsf] k|tLs xf] t<
lxl;nf old
h'nfO{ (, @))#
cfhef]ln ljxfg} lbpF;} Pp6} w'gdf g]kfn /]l8of] nufot ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodx?df
/fhtGq g]kfnL Pstfsf] k|tLs eGb} uLt, efif0f, ;ef, ;dfrf/ / ;DkfbsLo k|rf/ k|;f/
eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] Pp6f ;sf/fTds kf6f] of] 5 ls o;n] cfd hgtfdf ;fRr} /fhtGq
g]kfnsf] u0ftGqsf] af6f] hfg] ls, k"j{ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq jf lxhf]sf] k~rfotL
lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] af6f] hfg] eGg] s'/f;Fu k|ToIf hf]l8Psf]n] o; k|ZgnfO{ ;}4flGts
?kn] vf]tNg h?/L 5 .
;+j}wflgs ;+s6 lsg t<
g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] ljz]iftf oxL g} /Xof] ls oxfF ;+ljwfg h:tf] /0fg}lts ;fdl/s
ljifodf g]kfnL hgtfn] af/Daf/ cfGbf]ng ug'{ kl//fv]sf] 5 . l5d]sL b]z ef/t /
rLgdf cGo ljifo lnP/ cfGbf]ngx? gePsf xf]Ogg\, t/ ToxfF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f;DaGwL
cfGbf]ng gePsf] sl/a %) jif{eGbf w]/} eof] . g]kfndf eg] oxL cjlwleq k6s k6s
;+ljwfg;Fu hf]l8Psf cfGbf]ngx? eO;Sof] / eO/fv]sf] 5 . o;n] s] ;Gb]z lbG5 eg]
l5d]sL b]zx?sf] ;+ljwfgn] ToxfFsf] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] plrt k|ltlglwTj ul//fv]sf]
5 . hasL g]kfndf aGb} cfPsf ;+ljwfgx?n] oxfFsf] g zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] k|ltlglglwTj
ub{5 gt oxfFsf] hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff j:t'ut l:ylt cg';f/sf] Go'gtd k"FhLjfbL
clwsf/nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ul//fv]sf] 5 . rfx] Tof] @))& ;fnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,
rfx] @)!% ;fnsf] æ;+;bLoÆ ;+ljwfg, @)!( ;fnsf] k+rfotL ;+ljwfg jf
@)$& ;fnsf] æ;+j}wflgsÆ /fhtGqsf] ;+ljwfg xf];\ . tL ;a} ;+ljwfgsf]
lj/f]wsf] s]Gb|ljGb" ;w}+ cb[Zo /x:odo /fhtGq x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . t;y{ b'O{
clt zlQmzfnL b]zx?sf] aLrdf k/]sf] of] g]kfndf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f h:tf] cfwf/e"t
dxTj /fVg] ;+j]bgzLn ljifodf k6s k6s ljjfbdf Nofpg] /fhtGqn] s] /fli6|o Pstfsf]
k|ltlglwTj u5{ t <
g]kfnL /fli6|otfsf] k|tLs <
Oltxf;sf lstfjx?df af/Daf/ pNn]lvt 5 ls oxfFsf] zfx a+z ef/tsf] d'lZnd cfqmd0faf6
aRgsf nflu ef/te"ldaf6 g]kfndf afx|f} t]x|f} ztfAbLlt/ cfPsf x'g\ . / ef/tl;tsf]
k/Dk/fut j}jflxs ;DaGw clxn];Dd klg zfx /f0ff j+zn] hf/L /fVb} cfPsf 5g\ . kf/;
lxdfgLsf] ljjfx o;sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] . t;y{ oxfFsf] cGw /fi6|elQm zlQm h;n]
l;km{ /fhfnfO{ /fli6|otfsf] k|tLs dfG5 To;nfO{ k|Zg 5 s] oxfFsf] zfx a+zsf]
/fhtGqn] ;fFRr} g]kfnL df6f]sf] k|ltljDj u5{ t < ;fy} of] af/Daf/ hfx]/ x'Fb}
cfPsf] 5 ls g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;fdfGtL /fhf / /fhtGq plxn]b]lv k|rlnt x'Fb} cfPsf]
xf] t;y{ of] g]kfnL Oltxf;sf] oyfy{ alg;Sof] . t/ jf:tjdf g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Ls[t
/fh;+:yfsf] pbo ;g\ !&^( df dfq ePsf] lyof] . o;cl3 t g]kfndf sljnf k|sf/sf]
hgjfbL ;+/rgf lyof] . Tolta]nf sljnf gfos hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL lyof] . h;nfO{ r'Gg],
km]g]{ / cfjZos k/] d[To'b08 lbg] k|rng lyof] .
To:t} of] af/Daf/ eGg] ul/G5 ls g]kfnsf] /fhf oxfFsf] ljljw hftLo, eflifs, wfld{s,
juL{o, If]qLotfsf] Pstfsf] k|tLs xf] . t/ h'g /fha+zn] cfkm\gf] g]t[Tjsf] lg/Gt/tfsf]
nflu cfkm\gf] a+z -zfx_, hftL -If]qL_, wd{ -lxGb"_, ju{-s'lng_, nL+u -k'ln+u_,
If]q -zxl/of_ efiff -g]kfnL_ Ps/lt klg 5f]8\g ;Sb}g To;n] g]kfnsf] ljljw hftLo
If]qLo, wfld{s, eflifs Pstfsf] k|tLs s;/L aGg ;S5 / < cfkm"nfO{ lji0f'sf]
cjtf/ dfg]/ lxGb" wd{sf] ;+/Ifs ag]/ s;/L c? wd{x?sf] Pstfsf] k|tLs aGg
;S5 / < To:t} cfwf wtL{ cf]u6\g] dlxnfx?nfO{ k}t[s ;DklQ / /fhu4Ldf ;d]t
lgz]lwt u/]/ Tof] cfbz{ k'?if dlxnfsf] Pstfsf] k|tLs s;/L aGg ;S5 / < To:t}
juL{o?kdf /fhkl/jf/ wgLju{df dfq ;Lldt geP/ s'lng vfgbfgsf] k|tLs aGb} cfPsf]
5 hasL cfd hgtf emgemg s+ufn aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . t;y{ /fhkl/jf/leq cGt/hftLo
ljjfx k"/f lgz]lwt 5 . sf6f] vfg] h:tf] ckdfghgs ;+:s[ltnfO{ o;n] lg/Gt/tf
lbb}+ cfPsf] 5 . ;+:s[t efiff h:tf] nf]k ePsf] ;fdGtL efiffnfO{ hgtfdf hj/h:t
yf]k/]/ dWoo'uLg lzIffnfO{ k'g{Tyfg ug{ gvf]h]sf] xf]Og . g]kfnL efiffnfO{ /fli6|o
efiff dfg]/ Tof] efiffnfO{ cGo eflifs hgtfdf yf]kl//fv]sf] 5 . o; cy{df oxfFsf]
/fhf oxfFsf] ljleGg hflto If]qLo, wfld{s, eflifs Pstfsf] k|tLs s;/L aGg ;Snf
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oxfFlg/ s] a'em\g' k5{ eg] s'g} klg b]zsf] s'g} JolQm To; b]zsf] /fli6|o Pstfsf]
k|tLs ta aG5 ha p;sf] g]t[Tjdf ul7t ljb|f]xL zlQmn] aflx/L x:tIf]k cyjf ;fd|fHojfbL
x:tIf]ksf] lj?4 n8]/ cfkm\gf] b]z arfpF5 . pbfx/0fsf] lglDt ha ef/tdf a]nfotL
;fd|fHojfbn] /fh ub}{ lyof] Tolta]nf a]nfot lj?4 cfGbf]ngsf] k|d'v g]t[Tj dxfTdf
uf+wLn] ub}{ cfPsf lyP t;y{ ha ef/t :jtGq eof] dxfTdf ufGwL ToxfFsf] /fli6|o
Pstfsf] k|tLs ag] . To:t} rLgdf ha u0ftGq Nofpg] sf]ldGt zlQmsf] gfos ;goft\;]g
To; b]zsf] /fli6|o Pstfsf] k|tLs ag] . To:t} ha SofDaf]l8ofdf cd]l/sg ;fd|fHojfbn]
ToxfFsf] /fhf l;+xfgf]snfO{ ckb:t agfP/ cfkm\gf] s7k'tnL dfkm{t\ b]znfO{ /fh
ug{ yfNof] ta /fhf l;+xfgf]sn] b]zsf] /fli6|o zlQm sDo'lg:6 kf6L{l;t ;fy lbP/
b]znfO{ ljb]zL k~hfaf6 d'Qm u/fP . ctM pgnfO{ Toltv]/ SofDaf]l8ofnL hgtfn] /fli6|o
Pstfsf] k|tLs dfg]/ gofF hg;/sf/sf] /fi6|klt agfof] . t/ g]kfnsf] /fhf 1fg]Gb|n]
g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s ;+s6nfO{ b]zsf] ljlzi6 e" /fhg}lts l:yltk|lt cem ;+j]bgzLn
eP/ /fli6|o ?kdf xn ug{'sf] ;§fdf l;w} cd]l/sg ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmnfO{ lgDTofP/
b]znfO{ ljb]zL rnv]nsf] s]Gb|ljGb" agfpg' vf]lh /fv]sf] 5 . /fli6|o Pstfsf]
k|tLs aGgsf] nflu Tof] JolQm pbf/, kf/bzL{ / ldng;f/ x'g'k5{ . t/, xfnsf] /fhf
1fg]Gb| t cfkm\gf] g/;+xf/l/t bfHo' / p;sf] ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/ ;b:osf c/jf}+
v/jf}+ ;DklQnfO{ /fli6|os/0f ug{sf] ;§fdf cfkm\g} lghL vftfdf /fVof] .
clg b]zleqsf dfcf]jfbL / ;+;bLo zlQmx?l;t ldn]/ b]z arfpgsf] ;§f Ps csf{nfO{
if9oGqk"j{ of] jf Tof] gfddf lj:yflkt u/fpg vf]lh/fv]sf] 5 . To:tf] JolQm
s;/L /fli6|o Pstfsf] k|tLs aGg ;Snf <
g]kfnL /fhtGq sltsf] k|hftflGqs <
cfhef]ln /fhfnfO{ k|hftGqsf] k|tLs klg eGg yflnPsf] 5 . t;y{ of] tYonfO{ phfu/
ug'{ h?/L 5 .
/fhtGq h'g Psn g]t[Tjsf] clwgfosTjsf] cfwf/df s]Gb|Lt Joj:yf xf] To;n] ax'bnjfb
h:tf] ljkl/t Joj:yfnfO{ s'g x[bo lnP/ :jOR5fn] :jLsfg{ ;lsG5 < cfkm\gf] a+zsf]
lg/+t/tfsf nflu k|]d ljjfx, cGt/ hftLo ljjfx h:tf] cfwf/e"t lghL :jtGqtfnfO{
t k"/} lgif]w ub{5, To;n] k"/} ;dfhsf] :jtGqtfnfO{ s;/L kmNg km"Ng
lbG5 , To:t} ha /fhu4Lsf] g]t[Tjr}g Ifdtf, zLk, k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df geP/ ljlzi6
kf7]3/sf] slyt z'4tfsf] cfwf/df x'G5, Tof] klg ln+uLo -k'?if_ / pd]/ -;aeGbf
Ho]i7 5f]/f_ sf] cfwf/df x'G5 ta To:tf] Joj:yfn] Ps JolQm Ps dtsf cfwfl/t k|lt:kwf{Tds
r'gfjnfO{ s'g x[bon] :jLsfg{ ;S5 / < To:t} b}jL clwsf/sf] bfjL ub}{ sfg'geGbf
dfly, ;+ljwfg eGbf dfly, ckl/jt{gLo lgodx?sf dfWodaf6 ;'ljwfx? ;'/lIft /fVg',
cfly{s ultljlwx? ;fj{hlgs gug'{ cflb ;a} ultljlwx? ax'bn, k|hftGq lj/f]wL x'g
hfg]n] ubf{ /fhtGqn] clxn]sf] ;fdfGtjfbdf cfwfl/t ;+;bLo k|hftGq ;d]t krfpg
g;Sg' :jefljs xf] . To:t} k|hftGqsf] ;+:s[lt ;fk]lIft ?kdf v'Nnf / :ki6tfsf]
cfwf/df rN5 . t/ /fhtGq leq /fhf / /fhkl/jf/sf ultljlwx? /x:odo, cb[Zo /flvG5
tfls Tof] zlQm hgtfsf] cufl8 b}jL, cb\e"t zlQmsf] ?kdf u|x0f u/f];\ . o;n]
ubf{ b/jf/leqsf sltko 36gfx? n'sfOG5 sfnfGt/df ha Tof] aflx/ cfpF5 ta Tof] ljikmf]6
eP/ cfpF5 . h:t} a]nfotsf] /fhtGq 8fogfsf08sf] 36gf / g]kfndf 36]sf] /fhkl/jf/sf]
g/;+xf/ sf08 . /fhtGqsf] of] Psn ;+/rgf, h}ljs g]t[Tj r}g, clt s]Gb|Ls[t ;+/rgf,
k/Dk/fjfbL, ?9LjfbL, wfld{s ;dfhsf] ultsf] nflu t s] cfkm\g} a+zsf] ljsf;sf
nflu Tof] cj/f]w alglbG5 . Oltxf; ;fIfL 5, ha ha c;Ifd, sdhf]/ /fhfx? /fhu4Ldf
cfl;g x'G5g\ ta ta ltgLx? s'g} g s'g} b'3{6gf jf if8oGqdf k/L ls t g/;+xfl/t
x'G5g\ ls t lj:yflkt x'G5g\ . hals k|hftGq jf ax'bndf To:tf g]tfx?sf] cjt/0f
k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df OHhtk"j{s x'G5 . cGttM ha;Dd /fHo;Qfsf] c;nL zlQmsf]
;|f]t ;]gf /fhfsf] cwLgdf /xG5 ta;Dd /fhf k|hftflGqs aGg ljjz lsg x'G5 / <
oxfF a'em\g'kg]{ s] 5 eg] clxn]sf] tLj| e"d08nLs/0f, 1fg lj1fgsf] ljsf;n]
NofPsf] pTkfbg zlQmsf] ljsf;n] g]kfnsf] pk/L;+/rgfdf k"FhLjfbL pGd'v k|hftGqsf]
jftfj/0f tof/ kf/L /fv]sf] 5 . t/, oxfFsf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf eg] ;fdGtL pTkfbg
;DaGwdf hs8L /fv]sf] 5 . t;y{ oxfF k"0f{ k|hftGq km:6fpg t s] cw{ k|hftGq
;d]t arfpg d'l:sn eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu /fhtGq g} d'Vo jfws eP/ cfO/x]sf] 5
.
clxn]sf] /fhf ;FfRr} /fli6|o / k|hftGqsf] k|tLs aGg rfx]df p;n] g]kfndf af/Daf/
cfpg] ;+j}wflgs ;+s6nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;ef h:tf] k|hftflGqs cEof;af6 cfPsf] lg0f{onfO{
dfGg lxDdt ug'{k5{ . clxn]sf] o'u eg]sf] k"FhLjfbL o'u xf] . t;y{ clxn]sf]
PsLs/0f lxhf]sf] ;fdfGtL Psn clwgfosTjsf] g]t[Tjdf geP/ hftLo, If]qLo, ln+uLo
:jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / Pstfsf] cfwf/df k|lt:kwf{Tds g]t[Tjsf] r}gaf6 x'g'k5{ . o;
cleofgdf jt{dfg /fhfsf] s:tf] e"ldsf x'G5 ToxL cfwf/df pgsf] eljZo lgwf{l/t
x'G5 .
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