s'/fsfgL clen]vfno
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jftf{ sld6Lsf ;+of]hs tyf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{
-kf7sx?nfO{ 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] s'g} kl/ro lbO/fVg' h?/L 5}g h:tf] nfU5
. g]kfnL kf]i6sf tkm{af6 8f= e§/fO{nfO{ xfdLn] O{d]ndfkm{t\ k|Zgx? k7fPsf
lyof}+ . k|:t't 5 pxfF;Fu O{d]n4f/f ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf pQ/x? xfdLn] k|:t't u/]sf
5f}+ _
g]kfnL kf]i6M /fhfnfO{ ;fRr}sf] æ;j}wflgs /fhfÆsf] ?kdf dfGotf lbO{ zfxL
;]gfnfO{ l;lelnog lgoGq0fdf /fvL ;+ljwfg;efn] To;nfO{ cf}krfl/s dfq} lbO{ ;d:of
;dfwfg ug]{ /fhfafbLx?sf] ;f]r ePsf] a'lemof] . s] tkfO{x?n] o;nfO{ dfGg'x'G5
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8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{ M ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;f/tTj eg]sf] ;a}
s'/fsf] clGtd km};nf hgtfnfO{ g}] ug{ lbg' cyjf hgtfnfO{ Jojxfl/s ?kn] ;fj{ef}d;Qf
;DkGg agfpg] k|Zg xf] . To;}n] ;+ljwfg;ef elg;s]kl5 To;df s;}sf] s'g} k"j{zt{sf
s'/f ug'{ ;/f;/ cGt/lj/f]wk"0f{ / xf:of:kb x'g hfG5 . clxn];Dd s'g} kIfn] To:tf]
zt{;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] s'/f u/]sf] xfdLnfO{ cf}krfl/s hfgsf/L 5}g . To;}n]
vfln cg'dfg jf xNnfsf e/df To;af/] 7f]; k|ltlqmof JoQm ug'{ dgfl;a / plrt x'g'5}g
.
/fhf / dfcf]jfbLsf] lgotdf z+sf ePsf] s'/f g]kfnsf k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx?n] atfpg
yfn]sf 5g\ . tkfO{ pgLx?nfO{ s] hjfkm lbg'x'G5 <
j}1flgs lrGtg /fVg]x?n] s;}sf] ælgotÆnfO{ eGbf p;sf] sfdsf] …kl/df0fÚnfO{ k|wfgdf
lbG5g\ / lbg'kb{5 . sfn{ dfS;{n] Ps ;Gbe{df eGg' eP em}+ …g/s hfg] af6f] /fd|f]
lgotn] agfOPsf] x'G5Ú -…The road to hell is paved
with good intentionsÚ_ /] Û To;}n] xfdL s;}sf] lgot dfly z+sf ub}{gf}+
t/ p;sf] unt, xflgsf/s, /fi6"lj/f]wL / hglj/f]wL sfo{sf] lglDt p;sf] juL{o :jfy{
/ juL{o b'li6sf]0fnfO{ bf]if lbG5f}++ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf olt a]nf /.hfn] g]t[Tj
u/]sf] k'/fgf] k|ltufdL juL{o ;Qf / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbLn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] gofF
k|ultzLn ;Qf aLr eLif0f u[xo'4 rln/x]sf] / Tof] Psn] csf]{nfO{ t'?Gt} lgif]w
ug{ g;Sg] /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf]n] jftf{åf/f zflGtk"0f{ lgsf; vf]Hg]
k|oTg clxn] e}/x]sf] 5 . ;dfh ljsf;qmdsf] j:t'ut lgod / clxn] b]zdf ljBdfg /fhg}lts
zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ -ground reality_nfO{ Vofn gu/L olb s;}n] csf{]sf]
…lgotÚdf ;d:of b]V5 eg] Tof] eGbf cj}1flgs, unt / xflgsf/s lrGtg csf]{ s]xL
x'g} ;Sb}g . To;}n] xfdL xfd|f ;+;bjfbL ldqx?nfO{ cfj]u / efjgfsf s'/f u/]/
aGg nfu]sf] jftfj/0f ljyf]Ng] eGbf b]zsf ljBdfg juL{o /fhgLltsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{nfO{
/fd|/L 7DofP/ b]z / hgtfk|lt lhDd]jf/k"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ xflb{s cg'/f]w
ub{5f}+ .
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eGg] a'lemG5 . ;dfKt eg]sf] Pp6fn] xfg]{ csf]{n] lhTg' xf] . xfg]{ eof] eg]
tkfO{sf] cj:yf s:tf] x'G5 < /, lhTg'eof] eg] tkfO{ cfˆgf juL{o zq'k|lt s:tf]
Jojxf/ ug'{x'G5 <
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x'G5 . To;}n] xfdLn] eGg] u/]sf] …lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngÚ ;dfh ljsf;sf] Pp6f r/0faf6
csf]{ r/0fdf ;+qmd0fsf cy{df dfq xf] eg]/ a'‰g cfjZos 5 . clxn] xfdL b]zdf ;fdGtjfbsf]
cGTo u/]/ k"FhLjfbL hgjfb jf k|hftGqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] cfGbf]ngsf] r/0fdf ePsf]n]
xfdLn] …lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngÚsf] s'/f ubf{ s'g} /fhg}lts ;+:yf, ;+u7g jf JolQmnfO{
…;dfKtÚ ug'{ geP/ Oltxf;df k'/fgf] / d/0ff;Gg e};s]sf] cfly{s-;fdflhs-/fhg}lts
k|0ffnLnfO{ gofF, ultjfg, k|ultzLn k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f ug'{ eGg] cy{df a'‰g'
kb{5 . emg\ clxn] xfdL jftf{af6} zflGtk"0f{ pkfon] k'/fgf] k|0ffnL jf ;+/rgfnfO{
gofF ;+/rgfdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ k|oTgdf nfu]sf] x'gfn] Pp6fn] k"/} xfg]{ / csf]{n]
k"/} lhTg] s'/f ug'{ ljNs"n pko'Qm 5}g . h;n] zflGtk"0f{ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] af6f]nfO{
cj?4 u5{ To;nfO{ Oltxf;n] g} lgif]w ug]{ s'/f :jtM :ki6 5 .
tkfO{x?n] cfˆgf hgof]4fx? -hg;]gf / zfxL g]kfnL ;}lgs ldnfP/ gofF /fli6"o
;]gf lgdf{0f ug]{ kl/sNkgf af/Daf/ ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . 7f]; ?kdf tkfO{x?n] o;sf]
sfof{Gjog s:tf] sbdx?af6 ug]{ ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] 5 < / zfxL ;]gfaf6 s:tf] k|ltlqmof
ck]Iff ug'{ePsf] 5 <
g]kfnL Oltxf;sf uDeL/ cWo]tfx?nfO{ yfxf x'g'kb{5 ls g]kfndf :yfoL ;]gf -Standing
army_sf] u7g k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] g]t[Tjdf s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf u7g
x'g] qmd ;Fu;Fu} ePsf] xf] . Tof] eGbf klxn] jt{dfg g]kfnL e"efusf sljnfO{ /fHox?df
;fdfGo ;'/Iff uf8{ dfq x'Gy] / n8fO{+sf] sfd Ps k|sf/sf c:yfoL hgldlnl;ofx?
dfkm{t\ ;DkGg x'GYof] . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxkl5 ;'uf}nL-;GwLsf] a]nf;Dd klg :yfoL
;]gfeGbf hgldlnlzofx? / df]rf{a4 o'4 eGbf 5fkfdf/ / rnfodfg o'4sf] k|rng g}
a9L lyof] . gfnfkfgLsf] n8fO{+df dlxnf, s]6fs]6L / a'9fa'9L;Ddn] c+u|]h ;]gf
lj?4 jL/tfk"j{s n8]sf] k|;Fun] To;sf] oy]i7 k'li6 x'G5 . k/Gt' ;'uf}nL-;GwL
/ /fHolj:tf/ cleofgdf lj/fd ;Fu;Fu} g]kfnL zf;sju{n] c+u|]h / ljb]zLx?sf] u'nfdL
z'? u¥of] / zfxL ;]gf klg b/af/sf] /vjfnL ug]{ jf c+u|]hx?sf] u'nfdL ug]{ e/f}6]
;]gfdf kl/0ft eof] . clxn]sf] ablnPsf] /fli6"o-/fHo -Nation-State_
/ k|hftGqsf] o'udf Tof] ;fdGtL e/f}6] rl/qsf] ;]gfn] /fli6"otfsf] ;+/If0f /
k|hftGqsf] ;Daw{g ug{ ;Sg] s'/} x'Fb}g . km]l/ ljleGg pTkLl8t hflt, If]q / cfwf
cfsfz cfwf wtL{ cf]u6\g] dlxnfx?sf] Tof] k'/fgf] e/f}6] ;]gfdf s'g} k|ltlglwTj
5}g . kmn:j?k @))& ;fnb]lv clxn];Ddsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf zfxL ;]gfsf] k|Zg
;w} Pp6f h6Ln / lg0ff{os k|Zg ag]/ pleg] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] jt{dfg o'usf] cfjZostf
/ ablnPsf] kl/l:ylt ;Fu;Fu} b]zsf] ;z:q ;]gfsf] rl/q / e"ldsfdf klg cu|ufdL
kl/jt{g x'g'k5{ / To;sf] lglDt k'/fgf] e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfsf] :yfgdf gofF /fli6"o
;]gfsf] lgdf{0f ul/g'k5{ eGg] laNs'n} j}1flgs, hfoh / pko'Qm cfjfh xfdLaf6 dfq
xf]Og ;a} b]zeQm / k|hftflGqs zlQmx?af6 ;d]t pl7/x]sf] 5 . of] l:yltdf zfxL
;]gf nufot ;a} If]qdf o'u ;'xfpFbf] cu|ufdL kl/jt{g u/]/ /fli6"otf / k|hftGqsf]
hu dha't kfg{ ;a} kIfaf6 ;sf/fTds e"ldsf lgjf{x x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff xfdLn] u/]sf
5f}+ .
o'4lj/fd ePsf] 5, ;fy} jftf{sf] k|lqmof klg z'? ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf jftf{sf]
;kmntfsf nflu ;Da4 ;a} kIfn] ;sf/fTds wf/0ff /fVg}k5{ o;df b'O{ dt x'Fb}g .
;fy} jftf{ kf/bzL{ x'g'kb{5 eGg] s'/f klg gfhfoh x}g . t/ s] s;/L, sxfF, slxn],
s;sf], sf];Fu s] s:tf s'/fsfgL 5nkmn jfbljjfb eP/ o'4lj/fd / jftf{sf] yfngLsf]
of] cj:yf ;[hgf ul/of], s] To;sfaf/]df xfd|f kf7sx?nfO{ s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 <
;j{k|yd xfdL tkfO{sf] 86sd ldl8of dfkm{t\ :jb]z / ljb]zdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm
/ k|hftflGqs zlQmx?nfO{ s] atfpg rfxG5f}+ eg] o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff / jftf{ k|lqmofsf]
z'?jft ;Fu;Fu} s]xL :yflkt ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 lx6n/sf] k|rf/dGqL uf]ojN;sf] z}nLdf
slyt …ckf/blz{tfÚ / …b/af/-dfcf]jfbL ;fF7ufF7Úaf/] h'g k|fof]lht b':k|rf/ cleofg
z'? ul/of] To;sf] k5fl8 zflGt-lj/f]wL 7"n} zlQms]Gb|sf] xft 5 . b]zsf k|hftflGqs
/ b]zeQm zlQmx?nfO{ cfk;df n8fO{ /fv]/ cfˆgf] lglxt :jfy{ k"lt{ ug{ rfxg] To:tf
tTjx?nfO{ a]n}df gf+u]emf/ kfg{ / xfdL g]kfnLx? :jo+n] cfˆgf] b]zleqsf] ;d:of
cfkm} zflGtk"0f{ jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg ug{ ca emg\ h?/L ePsf] 5 . To;}n] To:tf /fi6"lj/f]wL
/ hglj/f]wL tTjx?n] b]zdf zflGt, /fli6"otf / k|hftGq lbuf] x'g glbg lgof]lht
9+un] ul//x]sf] if8\oGq / b':k|rf/sf] e|ddf k/]/ o'4lj/fd / jftf{k|lqmofaf/]
cgfjZos lvrnf] lems]/ efF8\g] sfd gug{ xfdL ;a};Fu ljgd| cfu|x ub{5f}+ . xfd|f]
kf6L{n] lglZrt jftf{sf] jftfj/0f ag]df s'g} klg a]nf To;df ;xefuL aGg] k|lta4tf
;lxt ut d+l;/ !& ut] g} jftf{ 6f]nL u7g u/]sf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf] l:yltdf
To;sf] b'O{ dlxgfkl5 / s[i0fdf]xg >]i7 k|s/0fsf] nuQ} kl5 k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] lglZrt
dfu k"/f u/]/ o'4-lj/fdsf] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/]kl5 xfdLn] To;sf] ;sf/fTds hjfkm
lbg' laNs'n :jfefljs s'/f xf] . To;df s;};Fu ckljq ;fF7ufF7 jf s'g} ckf/bzL{
sfo{;"rL -hidden agenda_sf] k|Zg s;/L p7\g ;S5 < ;ft xhf/ eGbf a9L g]kfnLx?sf]
/utn] l;+lrPsf] o:tf] P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ngnfO{ Tolt ;lhn} abgfd / cjd"Nog ug]{
3[i6tf gug{ xfdL To:tf gj-uf]o]jN;x?nfO{ uDeL/ r]tfjgL klg lbg rfxG5f}+ .
tkfO{n] cfˆgf] n]vdfkm{t\ jftf{df k|j]z ug{sf nflu ljleGg zt{ cufl8 ;fg'{ePsf]
5 . s] tL zt{x? ;/sf/L kIf -tkfO{sf] zAbdf k'/fgf] ;Qf_af6 k"/f x'g] b]Vg' x'G5
< / k"/f ePgg\ eg] jftf{ z'? x'G5 ls x'Gg < s] ljgf zt{ jftf{ k|f/De ug'{ pko'Qm
x'Gg / <
xfdLn] jftf{sf] lglDt s'g} k"j{zt{ g/fv]/ jftf{nfO{ pknlAwd"ns 9+un] cl3 a9fpgsf]
lglDt Go"gtd ljZjf;gLo jftfj/0f tof/ ul/g' kg]{ s'/f dfq u/]sf xf}+ . b'j} o'4/t
kIfx?n] Ps csf]{sf] sAhfdf /x]sf o'4aGbLx?sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ug'{ / pgLx?nfO{
l/xfO ug'{, cf-cfˆgf ;z:q anx?nfO{ lglZrt Onfsf jf :yfgdf ;Lldt ug'{, slyt cft+ssf/L
tyf ljWj+;fTds -sfo{ lgoGq0f_ P]g tTsfn vf/]h jf lgik|efjL u/]/ cfd hg;d'bfo
/ jftf{sf/x?nfO{ Go"gtd ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug'{ cflb h:tf s'/fx? s'g} /fhg}lts
k"j{zt{ geP/ jftf{ k|lqmof yfngL ug]{ Go"gtd k"jf{wf/ x'g\ . o:tf] Go"gtd ljZjf;gLo
jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ s'/f ljZjsf ;a} åGå lgjf/0fsf ;Gbe{x?df x'g] ub{5g\ / tL
ljgf jftf{ ;sf/fTds 9+un] cl3 a9]sf] xfdLn] st} klg b]v]sf 5}gf}+ . To;}n] o:tf]
;fdfGo ljZjf;gLo jftfj/0fsf] k|ZgnfO{ s'g} …k"j{zt{Úsf] ?kdf ga'‰g xfdL ;a};Fu
cfu|x ub{5f}+ . a? o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] tLg xKtf ljlt;Sbf klg k'/fgf]
;QfkIfn] cfˆg} 3/ Jojl:yt ug{ g;s]sf] / k"0f{ jftf{ 6f]nL ;d]t u7g ug{ g;s]sf]
;a}n] b]lv/fv]sf 5g\ . emg\ o; aLrdf klg zfxL ;]gfn] ;a}lt/ cfˆgf] vfgtnf;L
cleofg hf/L /fv]sf] / hgtfnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ lx+88'n ug{ / /fhg}lts ultljlw ug{
;d]t afwfJojwfg v8f ul//x]sf] cflb sf/0fn] k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] jftf{k|ltsf] k|lta4tfdf
z'?df g} uDeL/ cfz+sfx? hlGdPsf 5g\ . km]l/ klg b]z / hgtfsf] OR5fcfsf+Iff /
;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} zflGt-jftf{ k|lqmof t'?Gt yfngL xf];\ / kl/0ffdd'vL
9+un] cl3 a9f];\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}+ / To;sf] lglDt xb};Dd nlrnf] ag]/ k|:t't
x'g xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ .
tkfO{x?n] of] ;ft jif{ sf] hgo'4 cjlwdf cem lzv/tkm{ a9]sf] cj:yfdf crfgs
ug'{ePsf] o'4lj/fdaf6 tkfO{x?sf hg;]gfx?df gsf/fTds k|efj kg{ uPsf] 5 eGg] a'lemG5
. o;df tkfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 <
lglZrt ?kdf hgo'4 ut ;ft jif{df ;a}eGbf cufl8 a9]sf] cj:yfdf o'4lj/fd ePsf]5
eGg] s'/f ;To xf] . Tof] xfdLn] xfd|f] b]zsf] ;+j]bgzLn e"/fhg}lts cj:yf, b]zdf
ljBdfg /fhg}lts zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] l:ylt / cfd hg;d'bfosf] oyflz3| zflGtsf] rfxgfnfO{
dWogh/ ub}{ ;r]t / lhDd]jf/k"0f{ 9+un] g} u/]sf xf}+ . o; ljifodf xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{
kf6L{ k+lQm, hg;]gfsf of]4fx? / hg;Qfsf ;a} c+ux?df a'emfOsf] Ps?ktf 5 / kf6L{}sf]
lg0f{ok|lt ;a}sf] k"0f{ ;dy{g 5 . To;}n] o;af6 …hg;]gfdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ uPsf]
5Ú eGg] s'/f s;}sf] xNsf cg'dfg x'g ;S5 t/ Tof] k"0f{ ?kn] c;To / c;Dej s'/f
xf] . lsgls /fhgLltnfO{ sdfgdf /fv]/ -…politics
in commandÚ_ ;f]Rg cEo:t xfd|f] hg;]gfsf of]4fx?n] kf6L{sf] lg0f{ok|lt
cfz+sf ug]{ jf cgfjZos k|Zg p7fpg] s'g} sNkgf g} xfdLn] ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ .
…/fhfÚ ;j}wflgs bfo/fdf cfpg rfx]gg\ eg] dfcf]jfbL ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kIf hfG5g\
ls ax'bnLo k|0ffnLsf] ;femf d}bfgkl§ cfpF5g\ eGg] k|Zg clxn] ;+;bjfbLx?n] p7fPsf
5g\ . o;af/] tkfO{sf] egfO s] 5 <
cf-cfˆgf] juL{o b[li6sf]0fsf] ;Ldfdf s}b eP/ sNkgfsf] dxn v8f ug'{ jf cfˆg}
dgf]ut rfxgf cg';f/ a|x|df08 rn]sf] jf rNg] e|ddf /dfpg] :jtGqtfaf6 xfdL s;}nfO{
hf]/hah{:tL a+lrt ug{ rfxG5f}+ . t/ clxn]sf] g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] j:t'ut w/ftnLo
oyfy{nfO{ /fd|/L cf+sng ug{ ;Sg] hf]s;}n] :jLsfg]{ tYo s] xf] eg] jftf{ k|lqmof
;kmn eP klg jf geP klg ca sf]zL, u08sL / s0ff{nLdf olt w]/} kfgL dfq xf]Og cd"No
hgtfsf] /ut klg alu;s]sf] 5 ls b]zsf] /fhgLlt s'g} klg xfntdf lxhf]sf] lg/+s'z
/fhtGq jf ckf+u ;+;bsf] 3]/fdf s}b eP/ a:g} ;Sb}g . Tof] /fhtGqfTds jf ;+;bjfbL
k|0ffnL eGbf cufl8 a9\g afWo 5, lsgls To;f] gu/L b]zdf zflGt, k|hftGq / /fli6"otf
:yfoL / ;'/lIft x'g ;Dej} 5}g . olb jftf{nfO{ ;fFRr} ;kmn kfg]{ xf] eg] /fhf,
;+;bjfbL / xfdL ;j{xf/f hgjfbL tLg} yl/ zlQmx?n] s]xL lbg] / s]xL lng] zt{df
gofF ;+qmd0fsfnLg /fHo;Qfsf] df]8]n vf]Hg ;Sg' k5{ . k/Gt' To;f] gu/L ;a} lhTg]
ls ;a} xfg]{ h'jf8] x7 dfq ug]{ xf] eg] zflGtjftf{ k|lqmof yfngL ug'{ g} Joy{
5 . To;}n] zflGt, k|hftGq / /fli6"otfnfO{ d'Vo ceLi6 dfg]/ jt{dfg /fli6"o tyf
cGt/f{li6"o /fhg}lts zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] l:yltn] dfu u/]sf] zflGt;Demf}tfsf] af6f]
vf]hL u/f}+ eGg] xfd|f] ;a};Fu ljgd| cfu|x 5 . To;sf] lglDt ;lqmo /fhtGq jf
kfv08L ;+;bjfb eGbf cu|ufdL / pRr k|sf/sf] /fHoJoj:yf klg of] a|x|df08df ;Dej
5 eGg] s'/fdfly uDeL/ lrGtgdgg ug{ ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ xfd|f] plQs} 7"nf] cfu|x
5 .
olb cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g eof] eg] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] ;/sf/df s] s:tf] xs lx:;fsf]
ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 <
k'gM Psk6s xfdL b]zsf] /fhgLltsf ;a} uDeL/ cWo]tfx?nfO{ s] s'/f /fd|/L cfTd;ft
ug{ cfu|x ub{5f}+ eg] g]kfndf o'uf}+b]lv juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, ln+uLo pTkL8g
;xFb} cfPsf ax';+Vos hgtfn] hgo'4sf] ?kdf b]zJofkL ljb|f]xsf] em08f p7fPsf]
/ b]zsf] cfh;Ddsf] Oltxf;df olt 7"nf] /utsf] d"No r'sfPsf] ljBdfg pTkL8gsf/L
/fHo;Qfleqsf] …;/sf/Údf s'g} lx:;f vf]Hg geP/ /fHo;Qfsf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfdf g}
cu|ufdL / hgd'vL kl/jt{g ug{ xf] . s[kof …/fHo;QfÚ -State+_
/ …;/sf/Ú -Government_ aLrsf] cfsf;kftfnsf]
e]bnfO{ a'‰g' oxfFg]/ ;aeGbf h?/L 5 . To; lx;fan] xfdLn] tTsfnLg /fhg}lts lgsf;sf]
lglDt uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] h'g k|:tfj cl3
;f/]sf] 5f}+ / clxn] k|foM ;j{;Ddltsf] ljifo klg aGb} u}/x]sf] 5, tL tLgj6}
s'/f Ps csf]{sf k"/s / cGt/;DalGwt x'g\ / tL dWo] Pp6fnfO{ dfq l6Kg'sf] s'g}
cy{ x'b}g . cyf{t\ …uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngÚ eg]sf] b]zdf ljBdfg ;a} ju{, hflt, If]q,
ln+u / ;d'bfox?sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ePsf] …cGtl/d ;+;bÚ xf], …cGtl/d ;/sf/Ú
eg]sf] To;n] lgdf{0f ug]{ …cGtl/d sfo{sf/0fL lgsfoÚ xf], / …;+ljwfg;efÚ eg]sf]
gofF /fHoJoj:yfnfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ gofF …;+ljwfg agfpg] hglgjf{lrt ;+;bÚ xf]
. To;}n] oL tLgj6} cGt/;DalGwt k|Zgx?sf] Pp6f c+usf ?kdf …cGtl/d ;/sf/Úsf] u7g
x'Fbf cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[TjbfoL zlQmsf] lx;fan] To;df xfd|f] k|efjsf/L pkl:ylt
x'g] / x'g' kg]{ s'/f :jtM l;4 5 . To;afx]s ljBdfg /fHo;Qfsf] c+usf] ?kdf u7g
x'g] e|fds / cy{xLg …cGtl/d ;/sf/Údf xfd|f] s'g} ;+nUgtf x'g g;Sg] s'/f ;a}n]
l4ljwf/lxt zAbdf a'lem/fVbf /fd|f] x'g]5 .
cd]l/sfn] g]kfnsf] zflGt ;'/Iffk|lt rf;f] /fVb} z'? u/]sf] rnv]nsf] tkfO{x?df
kg{ uPsf] bafasf sf/0f o'4lj/fd ug'{ eO{ jftf{sf] k|lqmof z'? ug'{ePsf] 5 eGg]
egfO{k|lt tkfO{sf] k|ltlqmof s] 5 <
cf-cfˆgf] 8Dkm' ahfpg] :jtGqtf ;a}nfO{ ePsfn] To:tf] xfjfbf/L c8\snjfhL ug]{x?
k|lt xfdL s'g} l6Kk0fL ug{ rfxb}gf}+ . t/ j:tut oyfy{ rflx+ s] xf] eg] xfdLn]
@)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] P]ltxfl;s hgo'4sf] yfngL ubf{ ljZjsf ;a} zlQms]Gb|x? clxn]
hlQs} zlQmzfnL cj:yfdf lyP / pgLx?sf] e"ldsf lg0ff{os x'g] eP xfdLn] ut ;ft
jif{sf] cjlwdf olt 7"nf] k|ult ug{ ;Sg] lyPgf}+ . To;}n] clxn]sf] o'4lj/fd /
jftf{ k|lqmof s'g} afx\o zlQmsf] bafa jf eosf] sf/0fn] geP/ hgo'4sf] ljsf;n]
lgdf{0f u/]sf] /0fg}lts ;Gt'ng -Strategic equilibrium_sf]
cleJolQm xf] eg]/ ;a}n] a'‰g' pko'Qm x'g]5 . kmf}hL-/fhg}lts efiffdf /0fg}lts
;Gt'ng eg]sf] b'j} o'4/t kIfx?n] csf]{nfO{ lg0ff{os ?kn] k/f:t ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yf
xf] / g]kfnsf] u[xo'4 z'?sf] /0fg}lts /Iffsf] r/0faf6 /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] r/0fdf
k'u]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f la|l6z /Iff dGqfnosf] k|ltj]bg nufot ljleGg /fli6"o tyf
cGt/f{li6"o ;+:yfsf l/kf]{6x?n] ;d]t :jLsf/]sf] ljifo xf] .
jftf{ x'g' cl3 g} k|r08n] æhgtfsf cfwf/e"t lxt / hgo'4sf] zlQmlj?4 if8\oGq
/ wf]sf x'g] l:ylt cfPdf s'g} klg a]nf o'4lj/fd e+u x'g]5Æ eg]/ r]tfjgL lbg'ePsf]
5 . o;sf] cy{ hgtfn] jftf{ pknlAwd"ns x'G5 eg]/ g;f]r] eof] t <
xfd|f] tkm{af6 jftf{nfO{ ;sf/fTds kl/0ffdd'vL / pknlAwd"ns agfpg xfdLn] z'?b]lv
g} ;fj{hlgs k|lta4tf hfx]/ ul/;s]sf 5f}+ / o; cjlwsf xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfk
/ cleJolQmx?n] To;sf] oy]i7 k'li6 u/]sf 5g eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 . t/ k'/fgf] ;QfkIf
cfˆg} k+lQmleqsf] cGt/lj/f]wsf] sf/0fn] xf] jf afx\o zlQmx?sf] bafasf] sf/0fn]
xf] jf lgothGo sf/0fn] xf] clxn];Dd jftf{k|lt Tolt uDeL/ / k|lta4 b]lvPsf] 5}g,
h'g ;a}sf] cufl8 5n{ª 5 . To;}n] xfd|f] kf6L{n] hg;d'bfonfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf if8\oGq
/ wf]sfx? lj?4 ;hu /xg a]n}df ;r]t u/fPsf] dfq xf] . lglZrt ?kn] …o'4lj/fdÚ
eg]sf] cfTd;dk{0f xf]Og / jftf{ ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cl3 ga9]df s'g} klg a]nf o'4lj/fd
e+u u/]/ qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng hf/L /fVg' b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf cTofjZos x'G5 eg]/
;a}n] a'lem/fVg' h?/L 5 .
xfn;fn}sf 5fkfx?df g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfnn] uf]nd]r
;Dd]ngdf /fhfsf] :yfg /xg'x'b}g eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf]5 . o;df tkfO{sf] egfO{
s] 5 <
;a} dxTjk"0f{ /fhg}lts ljifox?df cf-cfˆgf] dt /fVg kfpg] ax'bnLo k|0ffnLsf]
ljz]iftf g} ePsf] x'Fbf Pdfn] dxf;lrjsf] /fhtGq ;DaGwL To:tf] wf/0ff /fVg kfpg]
clwsf/af/] xfdLn] s'g} l6Kk0fL ul//xg' h?/L 5}g . t/ xfd|f] a'emfOdf /fhfnfO{
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng eGbf …dflyÚ /fVg' eGbf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng …cGtu{tÚ jf …leqÚ /fVg'
a9L k|hftflGqs s'/f xf], lsgls …uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngÚ jf …round-table
conferenceÚ eGg] ljlQs} 6]a'nsf] jl/kl/ j:g] ;a}sf] x}l;ot a/fa/L x'G5
/ To; lx;fan] …/fhfÚ / …k|hfÚsf] k/fDk/fut e]b :jtM ;dfKt x'G5 . olb …uf]nd]r
;Dd]ngdf /fhfsf] :yfg /xg' x'Fb}gÚ eg]/ dfwj g]kfnn] t'?Gt} /fhtGqsf] cGTo ug]{
/ u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ s'/f ug'{ ePsf] xf] eg] To;af/] jxfFn] k|i6 zAbdf atfOlbP
xfdLnfO{ k|ltlqmof JoQm ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]5 .
tkfO{x?n] cfpFbf] @) jif{df s:tf] g]kfnsf] kl/sNkgf ug'{ePsf] 5 <
xfd|f] b]z cfufdL @) jif{df s:tf] x'g]5 eGg] s'/f b]zdf xfn rln/x]sf] qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngsf] eljiodfly d"ntM lge{/ /xg]5 . olb ljBdfg cfly{s-/fhg}lts ;+/rgf
oyfjt\ /xg] xf] eg] aL; jif{ t s] krf; jf ;o jif{ kl5 klg b]zsf] cj:yf of] eGbf
tflTjs ?kn] pGgt x'g]5}g . ljut tL; jif{sf ljsf;sf ;"rsf+sx?nfO{ /fd|/L s]nfP/
x]g{] xf] eg] oxL l:ylt sfod /x]df aL; jif{kl5 b]zdf u/LaL, j]/f]huf/L, c;dfgtf,
k/fl>tkgf c? a9]/ hfg] / b]zsf] :jtGq cl:tTjdfly g} uDeL/ vt/f k}bf x'g] lglZrt
5 . k/Gt' of] cw{-;fdGtL / cw{-cf}klgj]lzs ;+/rgfnfO{ h/}b]lv pv]n]/ gofF /
pGgt vfnsf] cfly{s-/fhg}lts ;+/rgfsf] hu a;fNg ;lsof] eg] cfufdL aL; jif{df
k|foM ;a} dxTjk"0f{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts If]qx?df 7"nf] sfofkn6 x'g]
/ clxn]sf] cNkljsl;t b]z pRrtd :t/sf] geP klg dWod :t/sf] ljsl;t b]zdf ?kfGt/0f
x'g] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;lsG5 . olb qmflGtsf/L hgo'4n] kl/nlIot u/] h:tf] cfd"n ;+/rgfTds
kl/jt{g l56} x'g ;Sof] eg] cfufdL aL; jif{df xfd|f] b]z /fhg}lts lx;fan] k"0f{
:jfwLg x'g]5 / b]zleqsf ;a} pTkLl8g ju{, hflt, If]q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf hgtfn]
k"0f{ tyf jf:tljs k|hftGqsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{5g\ . cyf{t\ /fHo;Qfdf ;a} ju{, hflt,
If]q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj x'g]5; pTkLl8t hflt / If]qx?n]
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt :jzf;gsf] pkof]u ug]{5g\; /fli6"o ;]gfdf ;a}sf] ;dfg'kflts
k|ltlglwTj x'g]5, / cfd hg;d'bfon] pRrtd gful/s tyf dfgjclwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{]5g\
. To;/L g} cfly{s lx;fan] b]zdf clxn]sf] u/LaL, j]/f]huf/L, cNkljsf;, If]qLo
c;dfgtf / k/lge{/tfsf] cGTo eP/ of]hgfa4, ljsl;t, ;Gt'lnt / cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf]
hu j:g]5 . cyf{t\ qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ dfkm{t\ s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f ul/g]5;
cg'TkfbgzLn bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k"FhLnfO{ /fli6"o cf}Bf]lus k"FhLdf abn]/ b]zdf
cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] hu a;flng] 5; ;a}nfO{ b]zleq} pTkfbgzLn /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf
x'g]5; b]zsf] cy{tGqdfly ljb]zL Psflwsf/ k"FhLsf] cflwkTo ;dfKt eP/ cfTdlge{/
cy{tGqsf] hu j:g]5; lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ aLrdf tyf ufpF / zx/ aLrdf ;Gt'lnt ljsf;
sfod ul/g]5 . clg To:t} ;f+:s[lts lx;fan] ;a} hgtf ;fIf/ aGg]5g\, ;a}nfO{ lgMz'Ns
k|fylds :jf:y ;'ljwf pknAw x'g]5, dlxnf, blnt / wfld{s cNk;+Vos dflysf] ;a}
e]befj cGTo x'g]5, wd{lg/k]If /fHosf] :yfkgf x'g]5, j}1flgs, /fli6"o / k|ultzLn
snf-;flxTo-;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; x'g]5, OToflb . o;/L cfh ljZjsf] lgw{gtd b]zsf]
?kdf ckx]lnt g]kfn hgzlQm / k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] hgjfbL tl/sfn] cl3std ;b'kof]u
/ kl/rfng dfkm{t\ 5f]6} cjlwdf ;DkGg b]zx?sf] sf]6Ldf ;fd]n x'g ;Sg]5 .
k|fdfl0fs hfgsf/L cg';f/ Psftkm{ tkfO{x?n] gfafns :s"n] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ :s"n}af6
ckx/0f u/]/ sltnfO{ ljleGg k|nf]eg b]vfP/ afn ;}Godf elt{ u/fpg' ePsf] 5 . csf{]tkm{
cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ rflx+ ;DkGg d'n'sdf k9fpb} x'g'x'G5 eGg] ;DaGwdf tkfO{sf]
egfO s] 5 <
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;QfkIf / p;sf ljb]zL dflnsx?åf/f lgof]lht 9+un] rnfOPsf] b':k|rf/ cleofg dfq
xf] . xfdLnfO{ a8f] v]b 5 ls tkfO{x? h:tf ljb]zdf j;f]jf; ug]{ k|a4 JolQmx?
klg cgfof;} of] b':k|rf/ cleofgsf] e|ddf kg'{ ePsf] 5 . h'g ;Qfn] clwsf+z afnaflnsfx?nfO{
Go"gtd lzIff k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g / nfvf}+ gfafnsx?nfO{ zx/sf k]6Lx?df gf+u} / ef]s}
;'Tg afWo kf5{ jf ef/tsf uNnLx?df ef}tfl/g afWo kf5{ p;n] pN6} xfdLnfO{ :s"n]
ljBfyL{x? …ckx/0fÚ ug{] u/]sf] ;km]b em'6sf] cf/f]k nufpg' slt;Dd gsRr/f]kg
xf] < To;/L g} ufpFsf ufpF phf8 kf/]/ / b'j} afj'cfdfsf] xTof u/]/ xhf/f}+ afnaflnsfx?nfO{
larNnL kfg]{x?n] pN6} xfdLnfO{ afn;}lgs egf{ u/]sf] kmQ'/ nufpg' slt;Dd lgh{Hhtf
/ lgs[i6tf xf] < hxfF;Dd kf6L{sf lhDd]jf/ g]tfx?sf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?nfO{ …;DkGg d'n'sdfÚ
nu]/ k9fPsf] eGg] Uj]j]lnog b':k|rf/ 5 To;sf] Pp6} dfq klg 7f]; k|df0f lbg xfdL
;DalGwt kIfnfO{ v'Nnf r'gf}tL lbG5f}+ .
hh{ cj]{nsf] æPlgdn kmfd{Æ k':tssf] cGTolt/ hgfj/x?n] em\ofnaf6 leq x]bf{
s'g ;'Fu'/ x'g\ s'g dflg; x'g 5'§fpg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . To:t} ef]ln tkfO{x?nfO{
klg 5'§fpg d'l:sn kg{] t x}g <
xfdL t clxn] g} ;dfhdf d'§Le/ k/hLjL …;'Fu'/Úx? e2f ?kn] df]6fPsf / ax';+Vos
>dhLjL …dfG5]Úx? bogLo 9+un] b'AnfPsf b]lv/x]5f}+ . To;}nfO{ abNgsf] lglDt xfd|f]
cfGbf]ng rln/x]sf] 5 . o;}n] b"/ eljZoaf/] cgfjZos lrGtf lng'eGbf clxn]sf] lj8Djgfk"0f{
oyfl:yltaf/] g} tkfO{+x?n] klg a9L lrGtf lng' kg{] xf] ls <
cGtdf xfdLn] tkfO{nfO{ ;f]Wg lj;{]sf / tkfO{n] kf7snfO{ eGg} kg]{ s]xL dxTjk"0f{
ljrf/x? 5g\ eg] tL ljrf/x? ;d]t g]kfnL kf]i6dfkm{t\ /flvlbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ <
ljz]iftM b]zaf6 w]/} 6f9f ljZjsf] clt ljsl;t cd]l/sL k|jf;df /xg' ePsf ldqx?nfO{
xfdL s] ljgd| cfu|x ug{ rfxG5f}+ eg] xfd|f] b]zdf olta]nf /fli6"otf / k|hftGqsf
b'O{ kxn'x? 5'§ofpg} g;lsg] u/L hf]lN6Psf 5g\ . ;Qfwf/Lx?sf] Pp6f v]dfn] vf]qmf]
…/fi6"jfbÚsf] e|d 5/]/ hgtfsf k|hftflGqs cfsf+Iffx?dfly gf+uf] anfTsf/ ub}{
cfO/x]sf] 5 eg] ;Qfwf/Lx?s} csf{] v]dfn] PskIfLo 9+un] …k|hftGqÚsf] dfq s'/f
u/]/ xfd|f] h:tf] ljlzi7 e"/fhg}lts hl6ntf ePsf] t];|f] ljZjsf] b]zsf] ;+j]bgzLn
/fli6"otfsf] k|ZgnfO{ pk]Iff ug{] u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4n] g]kfnL Oltxf;df
klxnf] k6s /fhg}lts, cfly{s / kmf}hL lx;fan] oL b'O{ cGof]Gofl>t kxn'x?nfO{
;Gt'lnt 9+un] p7fP/ b]zdf /fli6"otf / k|hftGqsf] ;d:ofsf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg vf]Hg]
k|oTg u/]sf] 5 . cfhsf] g]kfndf g t jf:tljs hgtfsf] k|hftGq ljgf /fli6"otfsf]
hu]gf{ ;Dej 5, g t /fli6"otf ljgf g} s'g} klg k|sf/sf] k|hftGqsf] cf}lrTo 5
. To;}n] lglxt :jfyL{ sf]0fx?af6 oL b'O{ kxn'dWo] Pp6fnfO{ dfq Rofk]/ hgtfnfO{
e|d lbg] / cfˆgf] :jfy{ k"lt{ ug]{ h'g ldYof k|of; e}/x]5 To;df ;t{s /xFb} b'j}
kxn'x?sf] ;Gt'lnt / Ps};fy ;dfwfg ug{] s'/fdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{ ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm
/ k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf] bfloTj ag]sf] 5 . jt{dfg o'4lj/fd / jftf{ k|s/0fsf] ;kmntf
jf c;kmntf d"ntM o;}df lge{/ /xg] lglZrt 5 . cd]l/sf nufot ljZjsf ljleGg b]zx?df
k|jf;L hLjg latfO/xg' ePsf k|a'4 g]kfnL gful/sx?n] oL d"ne"t s'/fdf Wofg lbb}
jftf{ dfkm{t\ zflGtk"0f{ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg] k|of;df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg
ug'{x'g]5 eGg] xfdLn] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f} . wGojfb Û
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