|
;dfrf/ ;+If]k 
clen]vfno
lr7\7f kbf{ klg cd]l/sf lelqg uf/f]
lu/Lz kf]v/]n
jfl;ª6g 8L;L l8;]Da/, !!, @))@
cd]l/sf cfpgsf nflu lu|gsf8{sf] lr7\7f kg'{ cfhef]ln g]kfnLx?sf nflu ;fdfGo
eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ lr7\7f kgf{ ;fy cd]l/sf cfOxfNg kfpg] eg] xf]Og . To;kl5 klg
g]kfnaf6 cd]l/sf cfpgsf nflu w]/} si6 ef]Ug'kg]{ x'G5 .
;g\ @))! ;fnsf] lu|gsf8{ nf]6/L k/]/ g]kfnaf6 cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf emfkf sf]/f]af/Lsf
d]3/fh e08f/L eG5g\, d}n] ;f]r]sf] klg lyPg ls dnfO{ cd]l/sf hfg] lr7\7f k5{
eg]/ ;fyLx?sf] nx} nx}df nfu]/ n gt st} kl/xfN5 ls t eg]/ kmf/d e/]sf] lyP+
cflv/ k/]5 .
lr7\7f t k/\of] t/ ca cfof] cd]l/sfaf6 :kG;/ vf]Hg] sfd To;kl5 cd]l/sfdf vf;}
sf]xL lrg]hfg]sf] dfG5] gePsf sf/0f d}n] cd]l/sf hfg kfp+nf h:tf] nfu]g . hfg
gkfPsf]df cfkm"nfO{ t lrGtf lyPg t/ cd]l/sf hfg] lr7\7f kl/;s]sf] 5 eg]/
;a} ;fyLefOx?n] / ptf ufp+3/lt/ klg kmnfgfsf] 5f]/f] t cd]l/sf hfg] ef] c/]
eGg yfn]kl5 eg] dnfO{ ca s;/L cd]l/sf hfg] eGg] nfUg yfNof] . aNn aNn cd]l/sfdf
/x]sf Ps hgf bfOsf] ;fyLn] dnfO{ :kG;/ ldnfOlbPkl5 eg] d cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf]
x'+ . pgL eG5\g\, æg]kfndf lr7\7f k/]kl5 cd]l/sfdf h:tf] x'G5 eGg] xNnf
;'g]sf] lyP+ Tof] ljns"n km/s kfP+ .Æ
cfhef]ln nf]6/L h:tf ;'s} JolQmx?nfO{ klg kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . wgL / pRr vfGbfgLof
ju{nfO{ dfq x}g ;fdfGo 3/u[x:yL ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ klg lr7\7f kg{ yfn]sf] 5 t/
lr7\7f k/]/ dfq gx'g] x'gfn] lr7\7f k/]kl5 :kG;/zLk vf]Hg] h'g sfd x'G5 Tof]
gkfP/ eg] w]/} g]kfnLx?n] cfkm"n] kfPsf] lr7\7f TofUg'k/]sf] 5 .
;g\ !((& df lu|gsf8{ lr7\7f k/]/ cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf emfkf tf]kuf5Lsf 8Da?
clwsf/L eG5g\, cd]l/sf cfPkl5 g]kfndf ;f]r]h:tf] eg] gx'g] /x]5 . oxf+ klg z'?
z'?df b'Mv} ug'{kg]{ /x]5 / oxf+ k9\g ;Sbf x'G5 g;Sbf ;w}+ e/ b'v} ef]Ug'k5{
. cflv/ s] 5 / cd]l/sf cfpgdf g]kfnLx? o;/L dl/xQ] ul//x]sf 5g\ t eGg] k|Zgdf
clwsf/L eG5g\, oxf+ /f]huf/Lsf k|z:t cj;/ /x]sf sf/0f g]kfnaf6 dfq x}g cGo ljleGg
/fi6x?af6 ;d]t dfG5]x? cd]l/sf cfpg dl/xQ] u/]sf x'g\ .
;g\ @))@ ;fnsf] lr7\7f k/]/ em08} dlxgf lbgcl3 dfq cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sL emfkfsL
/f]lhnf cf]nL elG5g\, d}n] g]kfnb]lv g} dfgl;stf agfPsf] lyP+ cd]l/sfdf b'v}
ug'{k5{ eGg] To;}n] vf; s]xL km/s k/]sf] 5}g . g]kfndf klg ug{] cj;/x? gePsf]
/ ;w}+sf] /fhgLlt emu8fsf sf/0f czflGt ePsfn] cd]l/sf cfpg kfPsf]df cfkm"
v'zL g} /x]sf] atfp+l5g\ .
csL{ emfkf uf}/Lu~hsL ?kf rf}nfufO{+nfO{ ;g\ @))# ;fnsf] lr7\7f k/]sf] 5 xfn
pgL cd]l/sfdf s;}n] :kG;/ ul/lbG5ls eg]/ w'dwfdsf ;fy sf7df8f}+df :kG;/ vf]lh/x]sL
l5g\ .
o;/L :kG;/sf] ;d:of b]v]/ s]xL g]kfnL ;+3;+u7gx?n] lr7\7f kl/;s]sf g]kfnLx?n]
sd;] sd cd]l/sf cfpg kfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/f /fVb} cfPsf eP klg o;sf nflu vf;} rf;f]
/fv]/ s;}n] sfd ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .
To;f] t cfhef]ln lu|gsf8{ lr7\7f k/]/ cfpg] g]kfnLx? g]kfnu~h, kf]v/f, e}/xjfb]lv
kf+ry/;Dd ;a}lt/sf g]kfnLx? Tolts} dfqfdf e]l6g yfn]sf 5g\ .
;g\ @))# ;fnsf nflu clxn];Ddsf] ;a}eGbf a9L g]kfnLx?nfO{ lr7\7f k/]sf] 5, lr7\7f
kg]{x?sf] ;+Vof @ xhf/ # ;o @) hgf /x]sf] 5 .
:kG;/sf] s'/f
:kG;/ ug{ hf];'s}n] dfGb}gg\ . :kG;/stf{ cd]l/sfs} gful/s jf lu|gsf8{ ePs} JolQm
x'g'kg]]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . :kG;/stf{n] cd]l/sfdf sfd u/]/ x/]s jif{ ;/sf/nfO{
s/ a'emfPsf] / /fd|f] cfDbfgL ePsf] JolQm x'g'kg]{ ePsf sf/0f dfq x}g :kG;/stf{n]
s;}nfO{ :kG;/ ul/;s]kl5 p cd]l/sf cfP/ sfd u/]g jf s'g} ca/k/\of] eg] To; JolQmsf]
tLg jif{;Ddsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDa]jf/L ;f]xL :kG;/stf{nfO{ g} hfg] x'gfn] klg
hf] sf]xLn] gb'v]sf] 6fpsf] b'vfpg rfxb}gg\ .
b P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ Og b cd]l/sfsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nf eGg'x'G5, æxfd|f]
;+:yfn] o;/L s;}nfO{ :kG;/ ug]{ of]hgf 5}g t/ ;+:yfsf ;bZox?n] JolQmut tj/af6
cfkm\g} gftf uf]tfsf JolQmx?nfO{ g} ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ .Æ
s;}nfO{ :kG;/ ul/lbPdf Tof] JolQmn] :kG;/ u/]sf] JolQmsf] tLg jif{;Dd s]xL ePdf
lhDd]jf/L lng'kg]{ ePsf sf/0f klg xQkQ s;}n] :kG;/ ug{ gdfg]sf] s'/f cWoIf lg/f}nf
atfpg'x'G5 . ut s]xL ;fn cl3 Ps hgf O/fgLogn] Ps O/fgLogs} :kG;/ u/]sf] t/ ;f]
JolQm lj/fdL k/L sfd ug{ g;Sg] ePkl5 :yfgLo ;f];n ;le{;df k'u]kl5 cGtdf vf]Hb}
hf+bf :kG;/ ul/lbg] JolQmn] Ps nfv 8n/ eGbf a9L hl/jfgf ltg'{k/]sf] 36gf 36]sf]
;'g]/ klg w]/} g]kfnLx?n] :kG;/ ug{ grfxg] s'/f lg/f}nf atfpg'x'G5 .
cWoIf lg/f}nfsf] ljrf/df cd]l/sfn] Psflt/ cd]l/sf hfg] df}sf lbG5' eG5 cgL csf]{lt/
:kG;/sf] c8\sf] yflklbP/ cndNofp+5 To;}n] of] gLlt l7s ePg eGb} cd]l/sL ;/sf/n]
o;nfO{ cln ;lhnf] agfpg'kg]{ atfpg'x'G5 .
ut jif{ jfl;+ª6g 8L;L d]6"f]kf]ln6g Pl/ofdf :yfoL ?kdf a:b} cfPsf
Ps ;dfh;]jL g]kfnLn] cfkmGt Ps hgfnfO{ :kG;/ kq k7fOlbPsf] t/ ;f] kqsf] b'?kof]u
u/]/ Pp6} kqaf6 ;ft hgf eGbf a9Ln] sf7df8f}+l:yt /fhb"tfaf;df gSsnL agfP/
k]z u/]kl5 xfn lgh JolQmnfO{ g} b"tfaf;n] sfnf];"rLdf /fv]sf] s'/f
klg gfd geGg] ;t{df Ps g]kfnLn] o; k|ltlglwnfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
sltko g]kfnLx?n] t sf7df8f}+s} b"tfjf;df lr7\7f k/]kl5 a'emfpg'kg]{ rf/
;o 8n/ a/fa/sf] /sd a'emfpg g;Sgfsf] sf/0f klg cd]l/sf cfpg] df}sf u'dfPsf]
s'/f lr7\7f k/]/ cfpg] g]kfnLx? atfp+5g\ .
lr7\7f k/]/ cd]l/sf cfpg]x? k|fozM /dfPs} b]lvG5g\ . cfpgf;fy ;fdfGo sfd u/]/}
eP klg a:g vfg k'/\ofpg'sf ;fy} cd]l/sf cfpg] a]nfdf ;fyLefO;+u lnPsf] C0f em08}
Ps jif{leqdf ltl/;Sg EofPsf x'G5g\ . / csf]{ jif{kl5b]lv sf]xL cfkm\gf] k9fOnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg yfN5g\ eg] sf]xL 8n/ sdfpgd} Jo:t b]lvG5g\ .
To;f] t cd]l/sf lu|gsf8{ k/]/ cfpg]n] cfp+bf cfp+b} ;fydf >LdtL / 5f]/f5f]/L
5g\ eg] cfkm";+u} lnP/ cfpg kfp5g\ . t/ x}g >LdtL, 5f]/f5f]/L clxn]
n}hfGg kl5 cfkm" ptf s]xL aGbf]a:tf] u/]kl5 lemsfp+5' eGg yfn]df eg] To;n]
cgL cd]l/sfdf >LdtL jf 5f]/f5f]/L af]nfpg kf+r 5 jif{ klv{g'kg]{ x'G5 .
z'? z'?df lr7\7f k/]/ cfpg] w]/} g]kfnLx?n] s;}n] >LdtL g]kfnd} 5f8]/ cfP
eg] s;}n] 5f]/f5f]/L 5f8]/ cfP cgL sltkon] clxn];Dd klg cfkm\gf >LdtL / 5f]/f5f]/L
lemsfOP;s]sf 5}gg\ .
t/, cfhef]ln eg] g]kfnLx? lgSs} af7f ePsf 5g\ . ljjfxaGwgdf gaflwPsf o'jf jf
o'jtLnfO{ cfhef]ln lr7\7f k/\of] eg] pgLx? lr7\7f k/]sf] va/ kfPkl5 ljjfx aGwgdf
af+lwP/ b'j} hgf cd]l/sf lelqg yfn]sf kfOG5g\ .
Toltdfq x}g Ps hgf ljjfx g} gu/]sf o'jfnfO{ lr7\7f k/]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 ;f] o'jfnfO{
dnfO{ tkfO{+sL >LdtL agfP/ cd]l/sf nlulbg'k/\of] d]/f] >Ldfg\ w]/} jif{b]lv
cd]l/sfd} x'g'x'G5 eg]/ Ps ljjflxtf dlxnfn] lalGt u/]kl5 xf]nf tf gL egL o'jfn]
ltgnfO{ >LdtL agfP/ cd]l/sf NofOk'/\ofP t/ kl5 a'em\b} hfFbf pgn] t cfkm\gf]
nf]Ug] g]kfnd} 5f8]/ cd]l/sf sdfOvfg kf] efl;PsL /lx5g\ .
sfd s:tf] kfp+5g\
lr7\7f k/]/ cfpg] g]kfnLx?n] z'? z'?sf lbgdf sfd kfpg] eg]sf] ;fdfGo :6f]/x?df
g} xf] . k|lt306f ;ft cf7 8n/sf] sdfO / ;ftfsf] #) b]lv #% 306fsf] sfd ul//x]sf
e]l6G5g\ . To;f] t lr7\7f g} gk/L ljleGg ;ef ;]ldgf/ ldnfP/ cd]l/sf cfPsf g]kfnLx?n]
ug]{ sfd klg To:t} g} xf] .
To;f] t lr7\7f k/]/ cfpg] g]kfnLn] eGbf df}sf k/]df t u}/sfg"gL 9+un] a;]sf
g]kfnLx?sf] sdfO /fd|f] klg ePsf] kfOG5 . lr7\7f k/]sf g]kfnLn] ;/sf/nfO{ s/
ltg'{ clgjfo{ x'G5 eg] u}/sfg"gL tj/af6 a;]sf sfdbf/x?n] s/ lt/]sf x'+b}g
. lu|gsf8{ ePsf JolQmn] Pp6f :6f]/df sfd u/]df #% jf $) 306feGbf a9L sfd ug{
:6f]/n] lbb}g eg] $) 306feGbf a9L sfd nufpgf;fy :6f]/n] sfdbf/nfO{ kfpg] tnjsf]
8]8bf]Aa/ lbg'kg]{ x'G5 To;}n] ;fdfGo :6f]/x?n] xQkQ To;/L tnj lbg'kg]{ x'gfn]
sfdsf] 306f g} lbb}g t/ ptf u}/sfg"gL JolQmx?n] eg] ;fdfGo sfd ubf{ lghL
:6f]/x? jf /]i6'/]G6df hlt;'s} sfd u/] klg Pp6} b/ jf tnjdf /flvPsf] x'G5 To;}n]
To:tf JolQmsf] sdfO /fd|f] x'g hfG5 .
cflv/ lsg cd]l/sf Kof/f] 5
s]xL ;odotfb]lv cd]l/sf cfpg] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof lgSs} g} a9]sf] 5 . lu|gsf8{
lr7\7f k/]/ xf];\ jf ;ef ;]ldgf/ ldnfP/ cfpg] g]kfnLx? x'g\ jf ljBfyL{ le;fdf
cfpg] g]kfnLx? x'g\ pgLx? g]kfnsf] jt{dfg l:yltaf6 cflht ePsf 5g\ . pgLx?n]
g]kfn kms{g] rfxgf /fVg 5f8]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'j}lt/af6 k]lnPsf ;fdfGo
g]kfnLb]lv lnP/ ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?, snfsf/x? ;a} vfn] g]kfnLx? g]kfn 5f8]/ cd]l/sfd}
;fdfGo sfd u/]/ a:g yfNg'dfq x}g pgLx?n] xfn cfP/ z/0ffyL{sf] bhf{ ;d]t cd]l/sL
;/sf/af6 kfpg yfn]sf 5g\ To;}n] klg w]/} g]kfnLx?nfO{ cd]l/sf Kof/f] nfUg yfln;s]sf]
5 .
g]kfndf jif{el/ hlt v6]klg sdfO gx'g] Pp6f ;fdfGo g]kfnLn] cd]l/sfdf ;fdfGo
sfd u/]/ eP klg vfOjl/ ;ft ;o 8n/b]lv !% ;o 8n/;Dd dlxgfdf hf]ufpg ;S5 .
p;sf] lu|gsf8{ klg 5 cgL k9fOnfO{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 / cd]l/sfaf6 s'g} l8u|L
lnPsf] 5 eg] p;n] lj:tf/} /fd|} sfd kfp+5 . h;sf] jflif{s #) xhf/b]lv ^) xhf/
8n/;Dd vfg]x? g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof klg cfhef]ln lgSs} a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .
To;f] t g]kfnLx? ljZj j}+s / cfOPdPkmdf dfq x}g xjfO hxfh sDkgLsf d]sflgsn OlGhlgo/b]lv
lnP/ z}lgs ;]jf To:t} clwjQmfb]lv lnP/ OlGhlgo/;Dd / k]6"f]nkDksf dflnsb]lv
lnP/ /]i6'/]G6sf dflns;Dd / k]6"f]nkDksf Jofkf/L klg e]l6g yfn]sf 5g\ .
To:t} ljleGg /fHosf ljleGg ljZjljBfnodf lzIf0f k]zfdf ;d]t ;DnUg kfOG5g\ . ptf
lrlsT;ssf ?kdf dfq x}g :6fkm g;{b]lv lnP/ ljBfnox?df lzIfs lzlIfsfsf ?kdf ;d]t
g]kfnLx? e]l6g yfn]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof cd]l/sfdf olt g} 5 eGg] cflwsfl/s s'g} tYof+s geP klg em08}
Ps nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfnLx? cd]l/sfdf 5l/Psf] cg'dfg ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .
s:tf s:tf 5g\ t g]kfnL
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ o; lsl;dn] ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . k"/f ;do k9\g]
ljBfyL{x?, le;fsf nflu k9]em}+ ug]{ ljBfyL{x?, sfd ug{ g} eg]/ cfPsfx?, oxf+s}
/}yfg] g]kfnLx? . Psy/L ljBfyL{x? hf] k"/f ;do sn]h hfG5g\ cgL !%, @) 306f
;fdfGo sfd u/]/ :s'n vr{ / a:g k'/\ofO/x]sf x'G5g\ . To;f] t To:tf ljBfyL{x?n]
lxp+b] ljbfdf lbgsf] kGw| ;f]x| 306f sfd u/]/ b'O{ tLg dlxgfdfd} kf+r 5 xhf/
8n/ sdfP/ ;f]xL k};fn] k"/f ;do ljBfyL{ eP/ k9\g] u5{g\ . To:t} sn]haf6
s]xL k|ltzt 5fqj[lQ klg kfO/x]sf x'G5g\ .
csf{ y/L ljBfyL{x? cfkm\gf] le;f glalu|of];\ eg]/ ;w}+ :s'n dfq hfg] t/ k9fO
slxNo} k"/f gug]{ x'G5g\ . csf{ y/L g]kfnaf6} bnfndfkm{t\ jf s'g} cGo tj/af6
cd]l/sf cfpg] ot} a;]/ sdfpg] cgL g]kfndf 3/, hUuf, uf8L / lsGg] ;kgfdf af+lr/x]sf]
x'G5g\ eg] csf{y/L ot} b'Mv ;'v u/]/ lu|gsf8{ agfP/ jf g]kfnaf6} lu|gsf8{ xftkf/]/
cd]l/sfd} 3/hd ul//x]sf e]l6G5g\ .
To;f] t cfhef]ln cd]l/sfd} /]i6'/]G6sf] Jofkf/b]lv lnP/ UofF; :6]zgsf] Jofkf/
ug]{ To:t}u/L cGo ;fgfltgf] cfkm\g} Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug]{x?sf] ;+Vof klg lbgx'F
a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .
To;}n] cd]l/sfdf cfhef]ln ljZja}+sdf sfd ug]{b]lv lnP/ cfOPdPkm;Dd cgL ;}lgs
;]jfb]lv lnP/ xjfO;]jf;Dd ;a}lt/ g]kfnLx? e]l6g yfn]sf 5g\ .
;do cfGbf]ng
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
l8;]Da/ &, @))@
ljqmd ;Djt\ @)%# ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhn] s]xL ;od cl3b]lv
;do cfGbf]ngsf] z'? u/]sf] 5 .
dfgjclwsf/ zflGt ;dfhsf sfo{qmd sf]-cl8g]6/ b]jL v/]nsf cg';f/ g]kfndf ;/sf/L
x'g\ jf u}/ ;/sf/L x/]s sfo{qmdx? lgwf{l/t ;od eGbf cfwf 306f jf Ps 306f l9nf]
z'? x'g] u/]sfn] ;dod} sfo{qmd z'? ug]{ k/Dk/f a;fpgsf nflu zflGt ;dfhn] cGo
;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ klg cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .
sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly gcfP;Dd / sltko sfo{qmdx?df t 6]lnlehg Sofd]/f gcfP;Dd
sfo{qmd g} z'? gx'g] x'gfn] o:tf] k/Dk/fsf] lj?4df dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhn]
k|d'v cltlynfO{ x}g ljifoj:t'nfO{ dxTj lbb}+ sfo{qmd z'? ug]{ u/]sf] xf] .
o;}cg'?k ;dfhn] ut c;f]h !! / !@ df lrtjgdf ;DkGg kfrf}+ /fli6o kl/ifb\sf] $^
j6} zfvfx? ;lDdlnt a}7sn] ;d]t o;}u/L sfo{qm z'?cft ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf 5g\ .
dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhn] lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;xefuLx?sf] plrt ;+Vof gk'u] sfo{qmd
:yug ug]{ t/ sfo{qmd ;dod} z'? ug]{ dfGotf /fVg yfn]sf] 5 . o;}cg'?k ;dfhn]
xfn;Dd %) j6f sfo{qmd ul/;s]sf] / ;a} sfo{qmd lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;DkGg eO;s]sf]
s'/f klg sf] cl8g]6/ b]jL v/]nn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . /,
s'g} klg sfo{qmddf ;xefuLsf] sdL eP/ sfo{qmd :yug ug'{ gk/]sf] s'/f klg ;dfhn]
hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
zflGt ;dfhn] cfkm\gf x/]s lgdGq0ff kqdf ;d]t æ;don] s;}nfO{ kv{b}g . sfo{qmd
l7s ;dodf k|f/De x'g]5 .Æ ædflg; x'g jf eujfg ;do ;a}eGbf anjfgÆ
eGg] pNn]v u/]/ k7fpg] u/]sf] 5 .
dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh g]kfnsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] If]qdf z;Qm ?kdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf]
;+:yf xf] o; ;dfhsf] cWoIfdf s[i0f kxf8L x'g'x'G5 . g]kfnsf] dfgjclwsf/ tyf
k|hftGq jxfnLsf nflu @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngcl3b]lv g} kxf8Lsf] cfkm\gf] 5'6\6}
klxrfg /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . kxf8Ln] cflhjg ljjfx gug]{ / ;/sf/af6 ul/g] s'g} klg
lgo'lQmdf cfkm" slxNo} ghfg] lg0f{o ug'{ePsf] 5 .
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efdf dfcf]jfbLsf] hf]8
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, l8;]Da/ #, @))@
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf\ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] kf]ln6Jo"/f]sf]
k"0f{ a}7s d+l;/ !& ut]sf lbg kf6L{ cWoIf k|r08sf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf]
s'/f dfcf]jfbL4f/f k|]l;t Od]n lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
pQm a}7saf6 lgDg s'/fx? kfl/t u/]sf] hfgsf/L g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ k|fKt Od]n lj1lKtdf
u/fOPsf] 5 .
a}7ssf] k|d'v sfo{;"rLsf?kdf cWoIfaf6 gof+ of]hgfaf/] ;"qa4 k|:tfj
k|:t't ul/of] . jt{dfg kl/l:ylt / cfufdL /fhg}lts, kmf}hL, ;f+u7lgs / ;+3if{;DaGwL
of]hgfaf/] k|:tfjsf] ljZn]if0f / lgisif{nfO{ a}7sn] cToGt u+eL/ / lhDd]jf/k"0f{
ax;;lxt Psdt4f/f kfl/t ub}{ lgDg k|:tfjx?sf lgisif{x? cufl8 NofPsf] s'/f lj1lKtdf
pNn]v 5 .
-s_ jt{dfg /fli6|\o / cGt/fli6|\o kl/l:yltsf ljz]iftfx?sf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ k|:tfjn]
b]zdf ljBdfg /fhg}lts k|ltudgsf lj?4 w|'jLs/0fsf] gof+ k|ls|of / ;+efjgfnfO{
u+eL/tfk"j{s ln+b} jt{dfg ;+s6af6 g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf;;lxt d'Qm
ug{ ;+o'Qm / Pstfj4 kxndf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
-v_ k|:tfjn] kf6L{sf cfufdL /fhg}lts / kmf}hL /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] of]hgf k|:t't
u/]sf] 5 . /fhg}lts of]hgfdf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf lgldQ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg-;efsf] cfjZostfdf k'gM hf]8 lb+b} k|:tfjn] cfhsf] cGof]n
;dfKt ug{ b]zsf ;a} /fhg}lts bn, ;+3, ;+:yf / jf}l4s ;d'bfo;+u jftf{ / ;+jfbsf]
k|ls|ofnfO{ u+eL/tfk"j{s cufl8 a9fp+b} ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng lgdf{0f ug]{ k|Zgdf
ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
To; k|sf/sf] ;xh jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ kf6L{sf tkm{af6 cGo s'g} klg /fhg}lts
bnsf sfo{stf{ - ;'/fsL / ck/fwL eP ltgsf] e08fkmf]/ ug]{ / ;DalGwt kIfsf] pkNnf]
g]t[TjnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg]_ dfly ef}lts sfo{jfxL aGb ug]{ tyf cGo /fhg}lts kIfaf6
cfkm\gf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ hg-o'4sf lj?4 ;'/fsL / ck/fw gug{ s8f lgb]{zg lbg cfu|x
ug]{ s'/f :ki6 ul/Psf] 5 .
-u_ k|:tfjn] b]zdf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] zflGtk"0f{, ;sf/fTds / cu|ufdL /fhg}lts
lgsf;sf lgldQ ;a} /fhg}lts kIfsf;fy} k'/fgf] ;Qfsf jt{dfg ;+rfns;+u ;d]t jftf{
/ ;+jfb cufl8 a9fpg ;lsg] / a9fpg kg]{ s'/fnfO{ :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . To; cg';f/ a}7saf6
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] pko'Qm jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/]df p ;+u jftf{ ug{ s]Gb|Lo jftf{6f]nL
;d]t u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
-3_ k|:tfjn] hglxt;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ef}lts ;+/rgfdfly ;]jf]6]h gug{ hf]8
lbPsf] 5 .
;+;b :yfkgfsf] dfu
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
l8;]Da/ #, @))@
Go"of]s{l:yt nuf}l8of sDo'lg6L sn]hdf cWoog/t g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?sf] Snjn]
Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ ;+;b :yfkgfsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 .
/fhfaf6 ut cS6f]a/ $ df ;+;b lj36g u/]sf] 36gfsf] lj/f]w ub}{ hgtfsf] clwsf/
hgtfnfO{ g} hfg'kg]{ / /fhfaf6 ul/Psf] uNtL ;Rofpg' kg]{ dfu /fv]sf] 5 .
;f]dgfy l3ld/]sf gfdaf6 k|]l;t pQm jStJodf g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] xfn}sf lbgx?df
g]kfnsf] k|hftGqsf nflu yfn]sf] cfGbf]gnk|lt k"0f{ ;dy{g u/]sf] s'/f pNn]v
5 .
jfl;ª\6gdf kf;fk'rfsf] sfo{qmd
ho 5fË5f
d]l/Nof08, l8;]Da/ )!, @))@
g]kfn kf;fk'rf cd]l/sfsf] !! cf}+ jflif{s ;Dd]ng cd]l/sfsf] d]/LNof08df ut dlxgf
;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
;f] ;df/f]xsf] pb\3f6g ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsfnflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t ho
k|tfk /f0ffn] æu0f]zsf] k"hfÆ u/L ug'{eof] . pb\3f6gs} qmddf
/fhb"t /f0ffn] kf;fk'rfn] cd]l/sfdf klg g]kfnL ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] ;Da4{gdf
k'/\ofpb} cfPsf] b]gsf] rrf{ ug'{ x'+b} sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf]df cfof]hsx?nfO{
jwfO{ lbg'eof] .
o;} qmddf kf;fk'rfsf] d'vkq 9Aa'sf] ljdf]rg ug'{eof] . z'esfdgf JoQm ug]{ qmddf
/d]z cdfTo -6]g];L_, /fd dfnfsf/-d]/LNof08_, dgf]/Gh wf}j8]n, /fh]Gb| cf]nL
- ;efklt P=Pg\=P;_, ;'gLn zdf{, lht]Gb| hf]zL, eutnfn >]i6 / t'n;L dxh{g
-Go" h;L{_ x'g'x'GYof] .
jflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmddf æg]jf sNr/ c k|fp8 x]l/6]h ckm g]kfnÆ ljifodf
ljleGg ljrf/sx?n] cf-cfk\mgf] wf/0ff k|:t't ug]{ sfd klg ePsf] lyof] . h;df
8f=t'n;L dxh{g, cRo't >]i7, 8f=lrqs[i0f ltjf/L, b]j]Gb| cdfTo, j|]06 ljofGrL
x'g'x'GYof] .
;f]xL sfo{qmds} l;nl;nfdf Ps j[xt slj uf]i7Lsf] klg cfof]hgf ePsf] lyof] . pQm
slj uf]i7Ldf sljx? x]dGt >]i7, j;Gt >]i7, ho 5fË5f, uf]ljGb lu/L
k|]/0ff, k|]d ;+u|f}nf, k'ikdfg hf]zL, dgf]/Ghg wf}j8]n, xl//fh e6\6/fO{ tyf
;/nf >]i7n] cf-cfk\mgf] sljtf jfrg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm slj uf]i7Lsf] ;Grfng
sjloqL ;/nf >]i7n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;f] jflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmddf ;/f]h k|hfklt / s[i0f k|hfkltsf] ;+of]hgdf k"mnaf/L
Snj tyf dfof ;f]n'zgsf] tk{maf6 g]jf/L rnlrq æGxL ;'y'Æsf] k|bz{gsf
;fy;fy} ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f]xL ;df/f]xdf g]kfn kf;fk'rf cd]l/sfsf ;+:yfks ;efklt /fd dfnfsf/ tyf ;f]
;+:yf;+u nfdf] ;do;Dd ;Dj4 /xL ;]jf u/] afkt >LdtL /f]zgL uf]vf{nLnfO{ ;+:yfsf
tk{maf6 ;Ddfg ck{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
ljxfg gf} jh]b]lv z'? ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ef]o]+ -k/Dkfl/s g]jf/L ef]h_ u|x0f
u/]kl5 /flt ;f9] bz ah] jflif{s ;Dd]ngsf] ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
;xof]u lbg]df bfqL ;d'bfo gs/fTds 5}gg
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, gf]e]Da/ @@, @))@
ut ;f]daf/ k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGbn] bft[ /fi6"sf k|ltlglwx?;Fu e]6
ug'{ePsf] s'/f jfl;+ª\6g 8L;Ll:yt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;af6 yfxf ePsf]
5 .
b"tfaf;af6 k|]l;t k|wfgdGqLsf] jStJodf k|wfgdGqL rGbn] bft[/fi6"x?;Fu
;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfd hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] b]zdf lgjf{rg u/fpg] xf] eGb} b]zsf] zflGt;'/Iffk|lt
;/sf/ cToGt} ;Da]bgzLn /x]sf] / b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf u/fpgsf ;fy} ljb]zL ldq /fi6"x?;Fu
;b}j /fd|f] ;DaGw :yfkgf /xg] s'/f bft[/fi6"x?;Fusf] e]6sf cj;/df ug'{ePsf]
5 .
b]zsf] dfgjclwsf/k|lt klg ;/sf/ Tolts} ;+j]bzLn 5 eGb} g]kfn ;/sf/ k|]; :jtGqfsf]
kIfdf /x]sf] s'/f klg k|wfgdGqLn] bft[ /fi6"sf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ atfpg'ePsf]
5 .
To;}u/L ;/sf/n] e|i6rf/ x'g glbg / e|i6rf/Lx?dfly sf/jfxLsf] qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/
?kdf a9fpFb} b]zdf :jR5 k|zf;g lbg] / of] ;/sf/n] kfFrj'+w] sfo{qmdnfO{ ljz]if
k|fyldstf lbg] s'/f klg bft[/fi6"x?;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf k|wfgdGqLn] JoQm ug'{ePsf]
hgfOPsf] 5 .
pQm cj;/df k|wfgdGqL rGbnfO{ g]kfnsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf cftÍjfbL ;d:ofaf6
d'lQm lbg g]kfnsf ;xof]uL bft[ ;xof]usf] lg/Gt/tf lbg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf] kl/jlt{t /fhgLlts cj:yfdf pgLx¿sf] of] ;xof]usf] k|lta4tfaf6
bft[ ;d'bfosf] gofF ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
cfkm\gf] ;/sf/n] nfdf] ;dob]lv d'n'sdf ;'zf;gsf] cefj, u/LaL tyf zflGt;'/Iffsf]
cfefj /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] a}7sdf To;af6 d'n'snfO{
d'lQm lbnfpg] k|lta4tf hgfpg'ePsf] ;Gbe{df bft[ ;d'bfo cfZj:t ePsf x'g\ .
jt{dfg ;/sf/n] d'n'sdf zflGt :yfkgf u/L :yfgLo tyf ;+;bLo lgjf{rg u/fpg] k|lta4tfcg'¿k
bft[ ;d'bfon] ;xdltsf cfwf/df åGåsf] ;dfwfg ub}{ g]kfnn] /fhgLlts
lgsf; vf]hf];\ eGg] cle?lr b]vfPsf] 5 . To; ;Gbe{df ax'bnLo k|hftGqk|lt k|lta4tf
ub}{ rfF8f] lgjf{rg ug{ klg pgLx¿sf] ;'emfj 5 .
g]kfnsf] cj:yfk|lt s8f l6Kk0fL u/] klg ;xof]u lbg]df bfqL ;d'bfo gs/fTds 5}gg\
. a}7sdf d'n'sdf ePsf s]xL sfo{sf] k|z+;f klg ul/Psf] lyof] . gLltut jftf/0f
c:ki6 eP klg sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/ cfP ;xof]udf lg/Gt/tf lbOg] bfqL ;d'bfon] atfPsf
5g\ . o;cl3sf] g]kfn ljsf; d~r / nG8g a}7sdf klg bfqL ;d'bfon] sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/
Nofpg hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
Sofg]l8og g]kfnLx? /fhb"tfaf;sf] k|ltIffdf
g]kfnLkf]i6 ;+jfbbftf
@) gf]e]Da/, @))@
6f]/f]G6f] tyf 8L;L
sfd / ;'vLhLjgsf] vf]lhdf ;+;f/sf ljleGg s'gfdf 5l/g yfn]sf g]kfnLx?dWo] cfhef]ln
Sofgf8fdf g} 3/af/ ug]{ g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof klg lbgk|ltlbg j[l4 x'g yfn]sf] 5
.
ljsl;t b]zx?dWo] cu|k+lQdf ulgg] Sofgf8fdf g]kfnLx? cd]l/sf tyf cGo /fi6"df
n'lsl5kL a:g] h:tf g]kfnLx? vf;}dfqfdf e]l6b}gg\ .
Sofgf8fdf a:g] g]kfnLx? d'Vo u/]/ 6f]/f]G6f] /fHodf w]/} e]l6G5g\ . Sofgf8fdf
cfpg] g]kfnLx?dWo] clwsf+z pRrlzIff xfFl;n ul/;s]sf ;DalGwt ljifodf /fd|f] 1fg
ePsf JolQmx?sf] ;+Vof a9L kfOG5 . h:tf] vfgLlj1b]lv lnP/ hnafo' ljz]if1, lrlsT;s,
OlGhlgo/, cy{zf:qL, k|fWofks / snfsf/x?sf] ;+Vof Sofgf8fdf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
g]kfndf h:tf;'s} lj4fg ag]/ Sofgf8f l5/]sf eP klg Sofgf8f cfpgf;fy Sofg]l8og
;/sf/n] g]kfndf ;f]r]h:tf] hfuL/sf] aGbf]j:tf] eg] ul/lbPsf] x'Fb}g .
h'g cfkm\gf] of]Uotf / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df Sofgf8fn] ljb]zLx?nfO{ Sofgf8fdf 3/af/
ug]{ lu|gsf8{sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] x'G5 / k|fozM g]kfnLx? klg To:t} of]Uotf k'u]/
g} oxfF lelqPsf kfOP klg pgLx?sf] z'?sf] hLjg lgSs} ;+3if{k"0f{ /x]sf]
b]lvG5 .
aNn aNn g]kfndf ePsf] cfkm\gf] hfoh]yf ;d]t laqmLa6\6f u/]/ ljb]zLPsf] g]kfnLn]
g]kfn Toltv]/ ;DemG5 hltv]/ Sofgf8fdf /x]sf d]s8f]gfn / j/u/lsªdf dfq x}g
a+ufnL / ef/tLox?n] vf]n]sf /]i6'/]G6df b'Mv u5{ .
t/ oxfF cfpg] s]xL g]kfnLx?n] z'?sf lbgdf o:tf] b'Mv v]k]sf eP klg Sofgf8s}
lzIff cfh{g kl5 eg] Sofgf8fdf cfkm\gf] hLjg /fd|};Fu rnfPsf kfOG5g\ .
b"tfaf;sf] vfFrf]
;fob\ ;a}nfO{ yfx} xf]nf Sofgf8fdf g]kfnsf] b"tfaf; 5}g / oxfFsf nflu g]kfnLx?sf]
sfd sf/jfxL cd]l/sfl:ylt jfl;+ª\6g 8L;Lsf] zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n]
x]b}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;/L g} g]kfndf klg Sofg]l8og b"tfjf; 5}g . /, g]kfnLx?n]
klg ef/tsf] gofF lbNnLl:yt Sofg]l8og /fhb"tfaf; wfpg'kg]{ afWotf /xL cfPsf]
5 .
g]kfnn] o'/f]ksf w]/} /fi6"x?df cfkm\gf] /fhb"tfaf; /fv]sf] 5 hxfF
glhs glhssf b"/Ldf /x]sf b]zx?df ;d]t leGgf leGg} /fhb"t /x]sf] kfOG5
t/ cfh kfFr xhf/ eGbf a9L g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof /x]sf] Sofgf8fdf b"tfaf; gx'g'n]
g]kfnLx?n] ;fgf ltgf s'/fdf ;d]t b'Mv em]Ng'kl//x]sf] 5 .
Sofgf8fdf g]kfnsf] b"tfaf; gePsf sf/0fn] s'~h/ zdf{nfO{ /fhb"tsf]
sfd ug{sf nflu eg]/ ;DdfgLt /fhb"tsf] lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] eP klg pxfFn] g]kfnLx?sf
nflu vf;} s'g} sfd ug{ Eofpg' gePsf] u'gf;f] Sofg]l8og g]kfnLx?af6} ;'lgg yfn]sf]
5 . pxfFn] g]kfnLx?sf] nflu sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] klg vf;} sf/0f 5}g lsgsL pxfFnfO{
t ;Ddfgsf nflu dfq of] kb lbOPsf] xf] .
g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg a9\g yfn]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;Ddfgsf] /fhb"t
x}g sd;]sd g]kfnL sfuhft k|dfl0ft ug]{ / /fxbfgL gljs/0fsf nflu dfq x}g Sofg]l8og
pBf]u Joj;foLx?;Fu ;Dks{ a9fpgsf nflu klg Sofgf8fdf g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf
vfFrf] x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .
;Ddfgsf nflu /fhb"t ePsf JolQmaf6 g]kfnLx?n] c? t c? cfkm\gf ;DalGwt sfuhkqx?
slxn]sfxL+ zdf{af6 k|dfl0ft ug'{k/]sf v08df ;d]t ;ftflbg eGbf a9L s'g'{kg]{
jfWotfn] g]kfnLx? cflht ePsf] u'gf;f] Sofg]l8og g]kfnLx?n] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
Sofgf8fdf g]kfnn] tTsfn /fhb"tfaf; vf]Ng] s'g} of]hgf 5 ls eGg] k|Zgdf
jfl;+ª\6g 8L;Ll:yt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf dxfdlxd /fhb"t hok|tfk
/f0ffn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Sofgf8fdf tTsfn b"tfaf; vf]Ng] s'g} of]hgf g/x]sf]
atfpFb} ToxfFsf nflu s'~h/ zdf{n] sfd ug'{x'g] hfgsf/L klg g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ lbg'eof]
.
8L;Ldf dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fnfO{ ;+lemP
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª\6g 8L;L gf]e]Da/ !(, @))@
cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh jfl;+ª\6g 8L;Ln] dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf]
(% cf}+ hGdhoGtL hh{d]zg ljZjljBfno elh{lgofdf gf]e]Da/ !& sf] ;f+em ljljw
sfo{qmd u/L dgfof] .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly 8f= ;Rr]s'df/ kxf8Ln] g]kfn aflx/ cfP/ cfkm\gf] ;+:s[ltnfO{
arfO /fVg] h'g sfd ug'{ePsf] 5 Tof] Hofb} g} ;x|fgLo 5 eGg'eof] .
To;}u/L cd]l/sfdf hGd] x's]{sf g]kfnL s]6fs]6Lx?sf nflu g]kfnL efiff sIff ;~rfng
ul/Psf]df pxfFn] v'zL JoQm ub}{ To;nfO{ ;'rf? /fVg klg cfu|x ug'{eof] .
pQm cj;/df 8f= kxf8Ln] nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f;Fu cfkm"n] @))* ;fnlt/ 6\o';g
k9\bfsf s]xL /f]rs k|;+ux? ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL sfo{qmddf ;dfhsf cWoIf k'? ;'j]bLn] o:tf dxfg ;flxTosf/x?sf] hGdholGt
dgfpFbf pxfFx?sf] sb/ x'g'sf ;fy} gofF lk+9Lx?nfO{ xfd|f /fli6"o uf}/jk|lt
;r]t u/fpg d4t ldNg] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf cg];f; g]kfnL efiff lzIf0f ;ldltsf cWoIf 8f= cg'k kxf8Ln]] g]kfnL
efiff / ;+:s[ltk|lt afnaflnsfsf] df]x hufpgs} nflu g]kfnL efiff tyf ;+:s[lt
ljBfno ;~rfng ul/Psf] / 5f]6f] ;dod} ;a}lt/af6 ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf]df ;Gtf]if
JoQm ug'{eof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf cg];f;sf k"j{ cWoIf a;Gt >]i7 / ;flxTosf/ uf]ljGb lu/L
æk|]/0ffÆn] dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf s[ltTj / JolQmTjsf af/]df k|sfz kfg'{ePsf]
lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;dfh;]jL ;fjL kxf8L, zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf k|ltlglw s[i0frGb|
cof{n To:t} cg];f;sf ;+:yfks cWoIf xf]dgfy ;'j]bLn] sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ug'{'ePsf]
lyof] eg] ;dfhsf dxf;lrj l8saxfb'/ tfdfª\n] cfuGt'sx?sf] :jfut ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
sfo{qmddf k|l;4 ;flxTosf/, ;dfnf]rs Pj+ g]kfnL jfª\dosf ;]jL :juL{o 8f=l8lNn/fd
ltldlN;gfk|lt klg xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
To;}u/L gy{ cd]l/sfsf k"j{ a'8flgns07sf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7g ;]A;sf cWoIf
ls/0f l;6f}nfn] g]kfnL efiff sIff ;~rfngsf nflu ;]A;dfkm{t\ @)) ;o 8n/ lbg]
hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL ;dodf æ5fd]/ x]/ d'6'df d]/f] g]kfn w8sG5Æ zLif{sdf ;d:ofk"lt{
sljtf k|ltof]lutf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sljtf uf]i7Ldf kf/; >]i7 k|yd To:t}
l4tLo / t[tLodf qmdzM ;f]g' /]UdL tyf k|1f l;6f}nf x'g'ePsf] lyof] . k|yd x'g]
kf/; >]i7nfO{ sb/kq tyf k|df0f kq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;dfhsf] ultljlwdf ;lqmo of]ubfgf ub}{ cfpg'ePsf, ;+:yfsf k"j{
cWoIfx? xf]d/fh ;'j]bL, eLd /]UdL To:t} g]kfnL efiff lzIf0f ;ldltsf cWoIf 8f=
cg'k kxf8L, g]kfnL lzlIfsfx? sNkgf ;'j]bL, k|1f l;6f}nf, ;'hg zfx To:t} ;dfh;]jL
8f= Zofd sfsL{, ;'dg ltlD;gf, ;dfhsf j]j l8hfOg/ u0f]z ltdN;]gf, ;dfhsf] k|sfzgdf
;xof]u k'/\ofpFb} cfpg'ePsf l6sf k'g / g]kfn xf]/fOhgsf ;'j'k|tfk s];LnfO{ ;dfhn]
sb/kq k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf pkl:yt aof]j[4 *! jlif{o ;dfh;]jL t]haxfb'/
s];LnfO{ klg sb/kq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f]xL sfo{qmddf xfn} lbj+ut x'g'ePsf ;flxTosf/x? n}gl;+x jfª\b]n, gog/fh
kGt To:t} dfgjclwsf/jfbL tyf n]vs Clifs]z zfx, nufotsf JolQmx?sf] rL/ zflGtsf]
sfdgf ub}{ Ps ldg]6 df}g wf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
pQm ljljw sfo{qmds} qmddf dlgif kf]v/]n / k|1f l;6f}nfn] g[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP
eg] d~h' ;+u|f}nf tyf ;dL/ vs'/]nn] Psn ufog k|:t't u/]sf lyP . To:t} g]kfnL
efiff l;Sb} u/]sf] ;fgf ;fgf afnaRrfx?n] DofpF DofpF eGb} ld7f] ;fd'lxs uLt
ufPsf lyP .
sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf æd'v'08f]Æ gfds g]kfnL rnlrq k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof]
.
;'gLn zdf{sf] lrqsnf jfl;+ª6gdf
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L gf]e]Da/ !(, @))@
lrqsf/ ;'lgn zdf{sf] Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gL jfl;+ª\6g 8L;Ll:yt cfl6{:6 Do'lhoddf
cfOtaf/ cd]l/sfsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffn] pb\3f6g ug'{eof]
.
ljb]zdf g]kfnnfO{ lrgfpg] dfWoddWo] snf klg k|d'v dfWod /x]sf] atfpFb} /fhb"t
/f0ffn] b"tfaf;af6 o:tf lsl;dsf sfo{sf nflu s]xL ;xof]u ug'{k/]df b"tfaf;
;w}+ tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
snfsf/ ;'gLn zdf{n] o;/L cd]l/sfdf cfP/ cfkm\gf lrqsnf k|bz{g ug{ kfPsf]df cfkm"
cToGt xlif{t 5' / snfk|lt oxfFx?n] b]vfOlbg'ePsf] ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0fk|lt cfkm"
v'zL /x]sf] s'/f JoQm ug'{eof] .
snf ljgfsf] hLjg lg/y{s x'G5 eGb} snfsf/ ;'gLn zdf{sf] snfsfl/tfsf af/]df a;Gt
>]i7n] pkl:yt dfg'efjx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm Psn lrqsnf sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng x]dGt >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] snfsf/
;'gLn zdf{n] dxfdlxd /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffnfO{ cfkm"n] agfPsf] Pp6f
Q}No lrqsf] ah| kfF8L b]jtf k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
s'df/Lb]lv lnP/ uFhf8L afaf;Dd dfq x}g ToxfF k|bz{g ug{ /flvPsf #^ j6f lrqx?n]
k|b{zgL sf]7f k'Ubf g]kfnsf] t/fO{b]lv kxf8 cgL ljleGg hfthfltsf lrqx? x]/]/
;fgf] g]kfn g} k'u]sf] efg x'GYof] .
pQm lrqsnf k|bz{gLsf] cfof]hgf snfsf/ ;/f]h vgfn / ;"o{dfnf vgfnn] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
lrqsnf k|bz{gLdf :yfgLo g]kfnL tyf ljb]zLx? ;d]tsf] ljz]if pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof]
. pQm lrqsnf k|b{zgL gf]e]Da/ @( tfl/v;Dd /flvg] ePsf] 5 .
#) jlif{o snfsf/ ;'gLn zdf{n] o;cl3 cfkm\gf lrqsnfsf] k|bz{g hfkfgdf ;d]t ul/;Sg'ePsf]
5 . pxfFsf lrqx?df g]kfnsf d7dlGb/b]lv lnP/ g]kfnL /xg;xg / g]kfnsf ljljwtf
emNsg] Q}No lrqx? /x]sf 5g\ .
k|];dfly wfjf gaf]Ng cg'/f]w
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L gf]e]Da/ !%, @))@
cfkm"n] u/]sf e|i6rf/ / b'/frf/sf] kf]n v'n]kl5 e|i6rf/Lx? ltlNdnfpg] k|lqmofcg'?k
k|x/Ln] cfkm\gf] abL{sf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] ;dfrf/n] g]kfn cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3 :tAw
ePsf] 5 .
ck/fGx b}lgssf ;Dkfbs l6sf /fO{nfO{ xfn} k|x/L k|zf;gn] kqmfp u/]sf]df 3f]/
eT;{gf ub}{ abL{wf/L e|i6rf/Lx?dfly ;/sf/n] sf/jfxL u/f];\ eGg] dfu ub{5 .
b]z clxn] cToGt} gfh's l:yltdf k'u]sf] cj:yfdf ;dfrf/sf afxsx?dfly ul/Psf] o;
k|sf/sf] HofbtL ub}{ uPdf cfpFbf] lbgdf ;/sf/nfO{ cem cK7f/f] l:ylt ef]Ug'kg]{
x'gfn] k|];dflysf] :jtGqtfdfly wfjf gaf]Ng klg g]kfnL cd]l/sg kqsf/ ;+3 ;/sf/
;dIf cg'/f]w ub{5 .
8L;Ldf g]kfn ;Dat\ dgfOof]
lg/~hgdfgl;+x /]UdL
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L
gf]e]Da/ !%, @))@
g]jf cu{gfO{h];g ckm cd]l/sfn] g]kfn ;Dat\ gofF jif{ !!@# sf] pknIodf ut cfOtaf/
d]l/Nof08df Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L dgfof] .
sfo{qmddf dxfdlxd /fhb't hok|tfk /f0ffn] efif0f eGbf efjgfn] sfd ug'{ kg]{ eGb}
ljb]zdf a;]/ klg g]jf/L k/Dk/fnfO{ hu]gf{ ug{ ;xof]u k'/fPsf]df cu{gfOh]zgsf]
k|z+;f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfn ;Dat\sf] ;'?cft ug]{ g]kfnsf /fli6|o lje"lt z+vw/ zfVjfsf] k/f]ksf/L
sfo{sf] ljifodf rrf{ ub}{ cu{gfOh]zgsf cWoIf a]bk|;fb k|wfgn] z+vw/ zfVjf g]kfnL
gful/s ePsf] x'gfn] pgsf] gfdaf6 rn]sf] ;Dat\ ;a} g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dat\ xf], of]
g]jf/x?sf] dfq} ;Dat\ xf]Og eGg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf xl/dfg >]i7, an/fd hf]zL, lqe'jg t'nfw/ tyf u0f]z sfo:y nufotsf
jStfx?n] g]kfn ;Dat\ tyf cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmdx? Aff/] k|sf; kfg'{ ePsf]
lyof] .
lgs6 eljiodf ;f]xL ;+:yfn] jfl;+ª\6g 8L;Ldf g]jf/L efiff sIff ;~rfng ug]{
/ g]kfndf vf]lnPsf] g]kfn efiff k|lti7fgsf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg]
hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng alatf >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
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