;dfrf/ ;+If]k   clen]vfno

g]kfnL snfsf/åf/f jfl;ª6gdf Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gLsf] tof/L

hob]j uf}td
jfl;ª6g 8L ;L, clk|n !* , @))#

s]xL jif{cl3b]lv dfq cd]l/sf cfO{ a;f]af; ug{ yfn]sf Ps g]kfnL snfsf/n] lgs6 eljiod} jfl;ª6gl:yt ax'k|ltli7t :yfg jfl;ª6g Snadf Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gL ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .
o; Snadf s'g} klg g]kfnL snfsf/sf] Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gL x'g nfu]sf] of] klxnf] cj;/ klg xf] .
cfp+bf] clk|n @@ tfl/vdf d]/f ljleGg tL;j6f lrqsf] k|bz{gL ToxfF x'g uO/x]sf] 5, Psn k|bz{gLsf] cfof]hgfk|lt lgs} cfzfjfbL b]lvg] snfsf/ czf]s eb]n eG5g\ . Psn lrq k|bz{gL ug{ nfu]sf] pgsf nflu of] g} klxnf] cg'ej xf] .
g]kfn 5Fbf pgL s'g} a]nf clxn]sf] rlr{t snfsf/ ;d"x oª cfl{6{:6 u|'ksf ;lqmo ;b:o x'g] uy]{, t/ ToxfF pgn] snfsfl/tfnfO{ g} cfkm\gf] k]zf agfPsf lyPgg\ . g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf] Ps cg'kd w/f]x/ eQmk'/sf] rfª'df hlGdPsf czf]sn] kl5 uP/ cfkm\gf] ;f]vn] ubf{ dfq lrq agfO /xg] uy]{ .
pgsf] snf ofqfsf] cfkm\g} ljlzi6 cg'ej 5, d lszf]/ cj:yfdf 5"bfb]lv g} dnfO{ s]xL g s]xL sf]l//xg dg nfUYof] . ;'?;'?df d}+n] l;g]dfsf cleg]tf cleg]qLx?sf] lrq sf]g]{ uy]{+ . oxL ?lrn] ubf{ d P;Pn;L ;lsPkl5 nlntsnf SofDk;df egf{ klg ePF . t/ b'Mvsf] s'/f, cfly{s ;d:of / kfl/jfl/s bfloTjsf ;Gbe{x?n] ubf{ d}+n] cfkm\gf] cWoog k"/f ug{ kfOg . tfklg d}+n] cfly{s cfh{gsf cGo sfddf cfkm"nfO{ nufP klg lrq sf]g]{ cfkm\gf] ?lrnfO{ eg] km';{bsf] ;dodf lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf] x'Gy]+ .
clk|n @@ sf] k|bz{gLdf /flvPsf tL; lrqdWo] @^ j6f t]nlrq 5g\ eg] af"sL rf/j6f snd d;Ln] agfOPsf 5g\ . /f]rs s] 5 eg] oL ;a} lrqx? lqrfnL; jifL{o snfsf/ eb]nn] kl5Nnf 5-;ft dlxgfleq} agfPsf x'g\ .
g]kfnL ;dfh / ;+:s[ltsf ljljw kIfx? emNsfpg ;kmn pgsf lrqx?df OGb|hfqfdf ;fj{hlgs?kdf b]vf kg]{ ;+;f/s} Psdfq hLljt b]jL s'df/Lb]lv lnP/ /ftf] dl5Gb|gfy hfqf, km'n a]lr/x]sL g]jf/L lszf]/L, :joDe'gfy, df5fk'R5"] lxdfn, ;u/dfyf lxdfn, 3fGb|'s If]q, ufu|Ldf kfgL af]ls/x]sL g]jf/L lszf]/L, cfk;df s'/fsfgL ul//x]sf b'O{ g]jf/ j[4, rfª\u'gf/fo0f dlGb/ cflb k|d'v 5g\ . :ki6 5 snfsf/ eb]nn] cfkm\gf] lrqsfl/tfnfO{ cfkm\g} hGdynf] eQmk'/ / cfkm\g} ;d'bfodf a9L s]lGb|t u/] klg ;du| g]kfnL hghLjgnfO{ ;d]6\g] pTs[i6 k|of; u/]sf 5g\ .
d]/f lrqx?sf] k|bz{gL o;/L ;xh} ;Dej x'+b}gYof] xf]nf, snfsf/ eb]n cfkm\gf] /f]rs cg'eg ;'gfp"b} eG5g\,æPs lbg d]/f] 3/df Pshgf /Ltf ltjf/L lbbL cfpg'eof] . d}+n] cfkm}+n] agfPsf s]xL lrqx? 3/sf leQfdf em'G8\OPsf lyP . tL lrqx? x]/]/ pxf+n] tL lrq agfpg] snfsf/af/] lgs} lh1f;f /fVg' eof] .clg d}+n] g} agfPsf] yfxf kfPkl5 t pxf+n] tTsfn} d]/f lrqx?sf] k|bz{gL ug'{ kg]{ of]hgf agfpg yfNg' eof] .Æ
cfkm\gf] lrqsnf ?lrnfO{ d"t{ ?k lbg] s'/fdf ;Dk"0f{ >]o cfkm\gL >LdtL hoGtLnfO{ lbg dg k/fpg] snfsf/ czf]s Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gL cfof]hgfsf] >]o eg] pg} /Ltf ltjf/LnfO{ lbG5g\ . pgL yK5g\, ædnfO{ w]/} ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]x?df efO Zofd alhdo;d]t c?x? klg 5g\ .Æ
w]/} kl5;Dd klg lrqx?sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ s'/fdf c;d~h;df k/]sf b]lvg] snfsf/ czf]s eb]n cfkm\gf] Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gLk|lt lgs} /f]dfl~rt 5g\, pT;'s 5g\, Toxf" s'g lsl;dsf lh1f;fx? cf]Ol/g] x'g\ h:tf gfgfef+lt k|Zgx?n] pQ]lht klg 5g\ . t/ pgsf] b'Mv];f] klg sd 5}g hltv]/ pgL eG5g\, æToxf" ;j{;fwf/0f hfg kfp"b}gg\ . lsgeg] Toxf" cfpg]x?nfO{ ljz]if sf8{ ljt/0f u/]/ af]nfOPsf] 5 .Æ
oL ;a} s'/fx?sf] cg'ej ul//x]sf] eP klg cfkm\gf] eljiok|lt cfzfjfbL 5g\ . o; k6ssf nflu snfsf/ eb]nn] cfkm\gf] o; Psb k|bz{gLsf] zLif{s cln nfdf] /fv]sf 5g\ - g]kfnsf] emns===lxdfnb]lv t/fO{;Dd, dflg;b]lv dlGb/;Dd===. UnLDK;]; ckm g]kfn===k|md b dfpG6\]G; 6' b t/fO{, b lkkn 6' b 6]DkN;== .

g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ ;jf]{Ts[i6 j]j ;fO8 Pjf8{

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw,
clk|n !&, @))#

xhf/f}+ xhf/ j]j ;fO8x? dWo]af6 klg g]kfn;Fu ;DalGwt tyf g]kfnsf] nflu ;xL hfgsf/L k|:t't ug]{ pTs[i6 j]j ;fO8x?sf] e/v/} g]kfn g]6 86 sdn] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] . cjf8{sf] nflu #)) j6feGbf j9L :t/Lo j]j ;fO8x?sf] cWoog u/]/ To;af6 klg PsfpGg j6f ;jf]{Ts[i6 j]j ;fO8x?sf] 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sd klg ;jf]{Ts[i6 nf]slk|o j]j ;fO8 cjf8{ k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf]] 5 . e/v/} g]kfn g]6n] k|sflzt u/]sf] ;dfrf/df of] gtLhf k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . cgnfOg ;Dkfbsx?sf] uxg cWoog / d'Nof+sgdf of] gtLhf k|fKt ePsf] s'/f pQm ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . 5gf}6 lgwf{/0f ubf{ g]kfn;Fu ;DjlGwt hfgsf/Lx? OG6/g]6af6 s] s;/L k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ eg]/ klg n]vfhf]vf ul/Psf] lyof] .

ax' ;+Vos lelh6/x?n] ;jf{lws dg k/fPsf g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sd nufotsf cGo ;jf]{Ts[i6 j]j ;fO8x?df ljlj;L g]kfnL ;]jf, g]kfn ;fpy Plzof Go"h, /]l8of] g]kfn, g]kfn Go"h 86 sd, sflGtk'/ klJns]zG;, lxdfn Dofu]lhg, cflb Go"h ldl8ofsf j]j ;fO8x? klg ;jf]{Ts[i6 j]j ;fO8df k/]sf 5g\ .

xfn sf7df8f}+ o:tf] 5

g]kfnL k|ltglw
clk|n !!, @))#

;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr jftf{ x'g] egL o'4 lj/fd ePsf] oltsf lbg lalt;Sbf klg cfh;Dd jftf{sf af/]df s'g} 7f]; lg0f{o ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf] sf/0f jftf{ x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf ca z+sf a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .
b]zdf k~rfotL z}nLeGbf klg k/fsfi7df s]xL JolQmx? cfkm\gf ultljlw ;+rfng ug{df nfluk/]sf b]lvG5g\ .
:yfgLo lgsfox?df hgtfsf] eL8 lbgx' a9]sf] b]lvG5 . sfd ug{sf nflu hgk|ltlglw ljxLg :yfgLo lgsfox?df ;?jf ug]{b]lv lnP/ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ dGqfondfkm{t\ dfq geP/ :jo+d dGqL g} o;df ;lqmo /x]sf kfOG5g\ . cfkm\gf dfG5]x? egf{ ug{sf nflu dGqLx? cfkm\gf cf;]kf;]x?nfO{ lgo'lQm lbnfpgdf Jo:t b]lvG5g\ .
Psflt/ c:yfoL sd{rf/L lgo'lQm gug]{ elgPsf] 5 t/ csf]{lt/ xfnsf dGqLx?n] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] /jfkmdf dfG5]x? lgo'lQm ug{ yfn]sf b]lvG5g\ .
bf}8fxf 6f]nL gfd /fv]/ :yfkgf ul/Psf] k~rfotsfnLg c~rnfwLzx?sf] ememNsf] pQm 6f]nLn] lbg yfn]sf] sd{rf/Lx?n] atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
b]zdf ef]ln s] x'g] xf] eGg] cGof}n JofKt 5 . cfkm'"nfO{ 7"nf kf6L{ xf}+ eGg]x? klg s'lx/fdf sfu x/fP h:tf] x/fPsf b]lvG5g\ . cem dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] 7"nf kf6L{x?nfO{ 8fOgf;f]/sf] ;+1f lbPkl5 pgLx? geGb} hgtf ljxLg x'g k'u]sf 5g\ eGbf km/s kb}g .
jL/]Gb| cGt/f{li6|o ;efu[xaf6 kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/]/ b]vfk/]sf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx? ;:tf] ?kdf k|rf/afhLdf cfPsf 5g\ . lxhf];Dd pgLx?sf] gfd ln+bf 8/fpg] kqklqsfx? / lxhf];Dd pgLx?nfO{ cft+ssf/Lsf] ljNnf le/fP/ lbgx'F ufnL ug{ gyfSg]x? cfh lbgsf] Ps}k6s pgLx?s} ;dfrf/n] klqsf /+ufPsf 5g\ . /fhfjfbLb]lv lnP/ dfcf]jfbL ;a} cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] eL8 hDdf ug{df Jo:t 5g\ .
g]kfnL hgtfx? cGof}ndf ?dlng jfWo ePsf 5g\ . zflGtsf] zf; km]/]sf] cg'ej ul//x]sf ;fdfGo hgtfx? dfcf]jfbL ef]ln h+un k:g] x'g\ ls eGg] z+sf w]/} ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
sf7df8f}+sf o'jf k':tfx? OG6/g]6 / Rof6 clg s;/L cd]l/sf, o'/f]k clg c:6|]lnof lt/ k9\g hfg kfOG5 eg]/ To;}sf] vf]lhdf ef}+tfl//x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
s]xL lbg otf cfP/ k]6"f]lnod kbfy{df ePsf] d"No j[l4k|lt ljBfyL{x?n] ;8sdf pq]/ gf/f h'n'; ug{ yfn]kl5 w]/} ;odcl3b]lv aGb /x]sf] pkTosfsf k;nx? sltv]/ aGb xf] sltv]/ k|x/Ln] cfP/ nf7Ld'+u|L a;f{pg] xf] eGg] 8/} 8/df afFRg ljjz 5g\ .
;/sf/ b]zdf d"No j[l4b]lv xTof cft+s h] ;'s} eP klg hgtfk|lt cfkm\gf] nfrf/L k|b{zg ug'{ afx]s pgLx?n] hgtfsf nflu zf;g u/]sf xf}+ eGg 5f8]sf 5g\ .
a'6jnsf] uf]nL sf08kl5 ljBfyL{ ju{ lgSs} tfltPsf] b]lvG5 . /fhwfgLsf ;8sx?df gf/fafhL / 6fo/ hnfP/ lj/f]w k|b{zg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
b]zdf s]xL ePsf] 5 eGg] 7fpF st} 5}g eGbf klg ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf] If]qdf eg] lghL If]qsf ;~rf/ dfWodx?sf] ljsf;n] eg] sf7df8f}+ tyf s]xL zxl/of g]kfnLx? ljZj 36gf;Fu lgSs} glhs ePsf 5g\ .
zx/ ahf/df x/]s s'/fsf] km]zg a9]/ uPsf] 5 . uf8Lb]lv lnP/ ;f8L;Ddsf] km]zgn] zx/ /+uLPsf] 5 . 7"nf 7"nf 3/ / j+unfx?sf] lgdf0f{ klg ltj|ultdf ePsf] kfOG5 . ;8sdf ufl8x?sf] rfk lgSs} g} a9]/ uPsf] 5 . dfG5]x?df st} klg cg'zf;g eGg] s'/fsf] 1fg gx'g'sf sf/0f ;fdfGo af6f] sf6\g] s'/fdf klg cndln/x]sf 5g\ .
;fFem k/]kl5 el6\6 k;nx? Tolts} Jo:t b]lvG5g\ . t/ crDd 5 gful/sx? ul/a 5g\ ltg} s]xL gful/sx? eg] df]h d:tLdf g} Jo:t 5g\ .
clxn]sf] d'Vo d'4f eg]sf] clGtddf dfcf]jfbLn] jftf{df efu lng] x'g\ ls k'gM h+un k:g] x'g\ oxL s'/fsf] l4ljbfn] hg dfg;df qf;bL km}lnPsf] 5 .

ZffxL g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf; jfl;ª6g 8L;Lsf] k|]; lj1lKt

;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf j;]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] lxt / sNof0fsf] /Iff ug'{ zfxL g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf;sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj klg ePsf] x'Fbf cd]l/sL u|Lgsf8{sf nflu cfj]bg ubf{ cd]l/sfsf] Soflk6n n kmd{n] e|ddf kf/L 7lu u/]sf] eGg] s]xL g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] l;sfotdf o; b'tfjf;sf] Wofg uPsf] 5 .

o; dfdnf-s];_ nfO{ cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt ljefudf n}hfgsfnflu lgDg ljj/0f cg';f/sf] hfgsf/L zfxL g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf; jfl;ª 8L;Lsf] km\ofS; g+= @)@ ^^& %%#$ jf Od]n 7]ufgfM info@nepalembassyusa.org df hlt ;Sbf] rf+8f] k7fpg' x'g zfxL g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf; lk8Lt ;j} g]kfnLx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5 . km\ofS; / Od]n k7fpFbf ljifodf u|Lg sf8{ n]Vg' xf]nf .

ljj/0f M -
!_ gfd y/
@_ cfj]bg btf{ ubf{sf] 7]ufgf
#_ cfj]bg btf{ u/]sf] ldlt -ePdf_
$_ jt{dfg 7]ufgf / kmf]g g+=
%_ s];sf] cj:yf
^_ /fxbfgL g+=
&_ g]kfnsf] 7]ufgf
*_ jlsnnfO{ lt/]sf] z'Ns
(_ s]; g+=-5 eg] _
!)_s]; ;Fu ;DjlGwt yk hfgsf/L ePdf

jfl;ª 8L;L l:yt g]kfnL ;d'bfosf ;+3 ;+:yfx? / lk8Lt sld6Låf/f lk8Ltx? k|lt pgLx?n] P]Soa4 ?kdf u/]sf] ;xof]u / ;dy{gsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf; wGojfb klg lbg rfxG5 .

zfxL g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf;
jfl;ª6g 8L;L
clk|n !,@))#

pQ/L cfsfzdf tf/f rlDsP

dfr{ !*, @))#
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw

/fi6"klt Sofg]8Ln] slj >L /f]j{6 km|:6sf] ;Ddfg efif0fdf eGg' ePsf] lyof] æ/fi6"n] cfkm\gf] klxrfg cfkm\gf] b]zn] s:tf dflg;x? hGdfof] eg]/ dfq x}g ls ltgLx?sf] s;/L ;Ddfgklg ul/of] eg]/ lrlgG5 .Æ To;}ul/ g]kfnL ;flxTosf k|v/ tyf k|ltli7t JolQmTj 8f=tf/fgfy zdf{sf] :jfut Pj+ ;Ddfgsf nflu jflzª6g 8L;L j/k/sf g]kfnLx?n] Ps eJo sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]/ cfkm\gf] st{Jo lgefPsf 5g\ .
;]t} skfn km'n]/ em08} &) jif{sf] pd]/df k'Ug nfUg' ePsf >L zdf{sf z/L/leq cem} b}ljs zlQm / tftf] /ut ePsf] cfefif x'GYof] . pkl:yt sl/j !)) hgfsf e]nfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ jxfFn] cfkm\gf] Ps s[ltaf6 g]kfnnfO{ slt;Dd dfof u/]sf] 5' eGb} æ/ftf] / rGb| ;"o{ hlË lgzfg xfd|f]ÆeGg] k|rlnt uLtsf x/kmx?nfO{ phfu/ ub}{ g]kfnsf] ul/dfdo Oltxf; / ;Dkbfsf] ofb lbnfpg' eof] . jxfFsf] hf]l;nf] :j/df tfn ldnfP/ rnfOPsf kfv'/fx? clg If0f If0fd} kl/jt{g eO/xg] cleJolQmn] bz{sx?sf] /utnfO{ ;d]t ttfPsf] lyof] . >f]tfx?n] k'/:sf/ :j?k jxfFnfO{ nfdf] ;do ;Dd tfln jhfP/ ;Ddfg u/]sf lyP . jxfFn] cfkm\gf] efj'stfkgnfO{ eg] sljtfsf] dfWodåf/f /l;nf cfFvf kfb}{ clttsf /dfOnf If0fx?nfO{ ;Demb} Ps sljtf jfrg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sljtfdf jxfFn] ljb]zdf cWoog ug{sfnflu knfog ePsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] b]z l/TofPsf] efg u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm sljtfsf] Ps x/km o; k|sf/ 5 M

æl/Qf]l/Qf] eof] b]z j]bgf dfq pln{of]
5f8]/ hfFbf jRrfn] ?b} 9's'/ s'ln{of]Æ

dGtJos} qmddf jxfFn] cufl8 eGg' eof] - …d}n] cd]l/sfdf cfP/ klg ;fgf] g]kfn kfPsf] 5' . Pp6f g]kfnL /x];Dd klg Tof] g]kfnsf] hLjGt k|tLs x'G5 / dflg;n] cfkm\gf] /utsf] vf]lh ub}{ cGTodf cfP/ cfkm\g} df6f] / b]zsf] rfxgf u5{ . cd]l/sfdf ;j} g]kfnL cfpg' k5{ lsgls oxfFjf6 klg pgLx?n] oxfFsf] ;+:s[lt, Jofkf/ k|0ffnL, j}1flgs tyf cfw'lgs lj1fgsf pknAwLx?sf ;fy} pRr lzIff xfl;n;Dd ug'{ kg]{ 5 . ;+:s[tsf s]xL x/kmx? pRrf/0f ub}{ of] k[YjLsf ;j} dflg;x? bfh'efO tyf lbbLjlxgL x'g\ clg of] ;Dk'0f{ e"dL g} dft[e"dL xf] eGg' eof]Ú.
sfo{qmdsf] csf]{ /f]rs kIf pkl:yt s]xL JolQmx?n] cfcfkm\gf] sljtf jfrg u/]/ ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm qmddf lg/~hgdfg l;+x /]UdL, xf]d/fh cfrfo,{ ef/tL uf}td, l8u jxfb'/ tfdfª, 8f=xl/ e6\/fO{, sdnf ;?k, z/b lg/f}nf, ;/nf >]i7,uf]ljGb lu/L, l6sf k'g, d~h' lg/f}nf, xf]dgfy ;'j]bL, slkn l;6f}nf, jfdf 9'Ëfgf nfufot sfo{qmd ;~rfns >L x]dGt >]i7n] cfcfkm\gf] sljtf jfrg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf k'? ;'j]bLn] clegGbg kq, /fh]Gb| jnLn] ;Ddfg kq tyf j;Gt >]i7n] clejfbg kq k9]/ ;'gfpg' eO x:tfGt/0f ug'{ ePsf]] lyof] . pQm cj;/df dxfdlxd >L hok|tfk /f0ffn] 8f= tfgf zdf{sf] :jfut ub}{ eGg' eof] … g]kfnL efiffdf Nofpg' ePsf] em/f]{kgn] efiffsf] ;/ntf / ;/;tfnfO{ 7"nf] d4t u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ xfdL 8f= tfgf zdf{nfO{ ljlzi6 ;flxTosf/sf ?kdf dfq xf]Og efiffljb\sf ?kdf klg OHht u5f}{Ú. dxfdlxd /fhb'tn] 8f=zdf{sf lgwf/df /ftf] 6Lsf nufOlbP/ sfo{qmdsf] z'e d"x't{ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;df/f]xdf 8f= tfgf zdf{nfO{ bf];Nnf cf]8fO ;Ddfg kqsf ;fy} Ps ;o 8n/ d"Nosf] lstfj lsGg] pkxf/ kq klg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L / slj tyf n]vs k|lti7fgsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ul/Psf] ;f] sfo{qmddf /fh]Gb| jnL, dxfdlxd /fhb't hok|tfk /f0ff, xf]dgfy ;'j]bL / x]d/fh cfrfo{n] klg d~rdf cfl;g x'g' x'GYof] . sfo{qmd x]dGt >]i7n] Hofb} /fd|f] 9+un] ;~rfng ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

8L;Ldf o:tf] /Xof] ;f+:s[lts ;fFem

ls/0f l;6f}nf
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, dfr{ !!, @))#

cfkm\gf] b]zk|ltsf] dfofnfO{ la;{gaf6 ;+emfpFb} g]kfnaf6 cfOk'u]sf] Ps ;f+uLlts 6f]nLn] jfl;+ª6g 8L;L d]6|f]kf]ln6g If]qdf /x]sf] hh{d]zg o'lgel;{6Ldf cfOtaf/ Ps ;+uLtdo ;Ffemdf efu lnPsf] lyof] .
pQm ;f+uLlts sfo{qmddf g]kfnL ;+uLt If]qdf cfkm\gf] gfd :yflkt /flv;s]sf snfsf/x? /fh' t'nfw/, GXo" ah|frfo{, alag k|wfg / od a/fnn] cfkm\gf uLt ;+uLt k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
g]kfnaf6 cfPsf snfsf/x?nfO{ :yfgLo k~rsGofx?4f/f :jfut ul/ z'? ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;f] ;d"xn] b'uf{nfn >]i74f/f lnlvt ho g]kfn af]nsf] uLtaf6 sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fPsf] lyof] .
/fh' t'nfw/n] hLGbuL xfd|f] v]/ ghfcf];\ eGg] ;Gb]z cfkm\gf] uLtdfkm{t\ lbPsf lyP eg] To;}u/L GXo" ah|frfo{n] d k/]+ kL/df oxL kL/df, cf]/fnL nfu]sf] xl/0fsf] rfn ef] / Sof af]/ ef] h:tf uLtx? UffPsf lyP .
o:t} alag k|wfgn] lk|o;Lsf] dg lhTg 5flte/L dfof lbg / lgbfpF d s;/L eGg] uLt ufPsf lyP .
sfo{qmddf od a/fnn] lgi7'/Ln] 5f8]/ uO{ xfnL, afFRg' g} 5 olb eg], x]bf{ VofnVofn}df, lbndfof lbndfof v} s;sf] e"n, dfofn] o:t/L df/\of] / afbn'sf] 3'D6f]n] Onfd ahf/ 5f]lkbf eGg] uLt 6|ofsdf ufPsf lyP .
;f] cj;/df :yfgLo snfsf/x? ;f+/uf >]i7, dlg; kf]v/]n, k|1f l;6f}nf / cf/h' e08f/L4f/f k|:t't pTs[i6 g[To k|bz{gn] bz{sx?nfO{ æaf]/Æ x'gaf6 arfPsf] lyof] .
6Lsf k'g4f/f z'? ul/Psf] pb\3fif0f x]dGt >]i7n] cufl8 a9fpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;do ;dodf nlDaPsf] pb\3f]if0fsf lj?4 bz{s bL3f{af6 x'l6ª ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmdsf cj;/df t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd Dofª\un'ª ahf/df ut s]xL dlxgf klxn] ePsf] eLif0f cfunfuL kLl8tx?sf nflu cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf] cg'/f]wdf ;xof]u :j?k pkl:yt bz{sx?af6 ! ;o %! 8n/ rGbf ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df cfufdL cfOtaf/ 8f= tfgf zdf{sf] ;Ddfgdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/g] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf af/] bz{s s] eG5g\

sfo{qmdsf af/]df pkl:yt bz{sx?sf] lh1fzf a'em\g] qmddf s]xL bz{sx?n] sfo{qmd cfkm"n] ;f]r]cg'?k ;~rfng gul/Psf] atfpFb} sfo{qmdnfO{ lvr8Lsf] ;+1f lbb}+ cfkm" ;+fuLlts sfo{qmdsf gfddf 7luPsf] s'/f o; k|ltlglwnfO{ aflN6df]/b]lv sfo{qmd x]g{ cfPsf o'jsx?n] atfP .
To;}u/L sfo{qmdsf] k|ltlqmofsf af/]df elh{lgof cfln{ª6gsf af;' >]i7 eG5g\, sfo{qmd ;f]r] h:tf] /fd|f] ePsf] kfOPg / clnslt d]xgt u/]sf] eP sfo{qmdnfO{ /fd|f] kfg{ ;lsGYof] .
csf{ bz{s hLdL eG5g\, cd]l/sfdf o:tf] g]kfnL sfo{qmd d]/f] nflu klxnf] lyof] / d @) 8n/sf] ;§f %) 8n/ klg ltg{ tof/ lyPF t/ cem d}n] ;f]r]sf] h:tf] sfo{qmd ePsf] eP ! ;o 8n/ klg lbg tTk/ lyPF . nfOe Do'lhs ;+em]/ cfPsf] t s]l/cf]sLdf kf] kl/of] . a? 3/d} Sof;]6 ahfP/ ;'g]sf] eP Tof]eGbf /fd|f] ;'lgGYof] . hLdL cufl8 eG5g\, pQm sfo{qmdsf] /f]rs kIf eg] :yfgLo snfsf/x?n] u/]sf] g[To g} lyof] .
cGo s]xL bz{sx?;Fu sfo{qmdsfaf/] ;f]lwPsf] lh1fzfdf af/Daf/ o;/L 7luk/]kl5 k|fo h;f]n] sfo{qmd s:tf] lyof] eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf æv} l7s} lyof] h] ;f]r]/ cfOof lyof] Tof] eg] kfOPg .Æ egL lvGgtf JoQm u/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmsf] cfof]hgf :yfgLo g]kfnL o'y cu{gfOh]zg, km"naf/L sNr/n Sna / cGt/f{li6|o ;flxTo ;dfhn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf u/]sf] lyof] .

o:tf] klg x'Fbf]/x]5

kfFr ah] z'? ug]{ elgPsf] pQm sfo{qmd ^ ah]/ @% ldg]6b]lv dfq z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd cfof]hgsf nflu :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] z'?df cfDbfgLsf] #) k|ltzt /sd kfpg] eg]/ ul/Psf] ;+emf}tf pQm ;f+uLlts ;d'xn] a]nfotaf6 kmls{Pkl5 !% k|ltzt dfq lbg ;lsg] eg]/ cfof]hsx?;dIf cl8\8 lnPkl5 pgLx?sf] dfunfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] lg0f{o;DaGwL hfgsf/L s]xL ;+3 ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ eg] sfo{qmd kZrft\dfq yfxf ePsf] a'lemof] .
:d/0f/xf];\ s]xL ;docl3 g]kfnaf6 cfkm\gf] rnlrq æh] ef] /fd|} ef]Æsf] lk|ldod zf] ug{ cd]l/sf cfPsf snfsf/ xl/j+z cfrfo{n] ;+emf}tf cg';f/sf] /sd glbO{ lx8]sf lyP . ;+emf}tf cg';f/ lgdGqs tyf cfof]hs /]l8of] bf]efgnfO{ v"b cfDbfgLsf] Ps tLxfO{, ljleGg zx/df /x]sf :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] rnlrq b]vfpg ;xof]u u/]jfkt pgLx?nfO{ Ps tLxfO{ / xl/a+zn] Ps tLxfO{ lng] cfk;L ;dembf/L ePsf] lyof] . ut df3 dlxgfsf] c+sdf k|sflzt snfsf/ xl/j+z cfrfo{sf] cGt/jftf{df snfsf/ cfrfo{n] cfkm"n] cd]l/sfaf6 tLg nfv ?k}ofF kmfObf u/]sf] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . a'lemP cg';f/ lx;fj lstfkdf Jofks uf]ndfn ubf{ ub}{ klg snfsf/ cfrfo{n] sDtLdf em08} kfFr nfv ?k}ofF kmfObf u/]sf] s'/f b]lvG5 .
;+emf}tfcg'?k sDtLdf klg lgh cfrfo{n] /]l8of] bf]efgnfO{ ! nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF lbg'kg]{ lyof] t/ lghn] hDdf &) xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] /sd dfq lbP/ uPsf] s'/f /]l8of] bf]efgsf k|d'v gu]Gb| kf}8]nn] o; k|ltlglwnfO{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
eljiodf o:tf s'/f bf]xf]l/g glbg kf}8]nn] lnlvt ;+emf}tf u/]/ dfq g]kfnaf6 af]nfOg] snfsf/x?4f/f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ klg cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;d]t cfXjfg ug'{ePsf] 5 .
cfufdL lbgx?df cd]l/sfdf ;~rfng ul/g] ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]usf nflu ul/g] s'g} klg sfo{qmdsf nflu :jtGq PsfpG6]G6x?sf] k|of]u u/L Escrow -cnUu}_ PsfpG6sf] dfkm{t\ ;+emf}tfsf cfwf/df dfq ;DalGwt kIfx?nfO{ ePsf] cfDbfgLsf] afF8kmfF8 ug{'kg]{ Joj:yfsf] h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .

afnaflnsf;Fu snfsf/x?

snfsf/x?n] zgLaf/sf lbg cGt/f{li6|o ;flxTo ;dfh4f/f ;~rflnt g]kfnL efiff sfo{qmddf efu lnO{ afnaflnsfx?nfO{ eg] uLt ufP/ lgSs} dgf]/~hg k|bfg u/]sf lyP . pQm cj;/df ;f] efiff sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs 8f= cg'k kxf8LnfO{ Ps afnuLtsf] rSsf / uLlt k':ts lbPsf lyP .
pgLx?n] g]kfnL l;ls/x]sf afnaflnsx?;Fu g]kfnLdf k|Zg pQ/ sfo{qmd u/]sf lyP .

u|Lgsf8{ 7uLsf ljifodf 5nkmn

jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, dfr{ !!, @))#
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw

Soflk6n n kmd{sf jlsn ;fd'lxn hL s'?T;sL4f/f u|Lgsf8{ kfpg] gfddf 7uLdf k/]sf g]kfnLx?sf] ;xof]usf nflu jfl;+ª6g 8L;L j/k/sf g]kfnL ;+3 ;+:yf, g]kfnL a'l4hLjL tyf sfg'g Joj;foLx?n] cfOtaf/ Ps ;fd"lxs e]nfsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP .
pQm e]nfdf kLl8t kIfsf ;xof]usf nflu ePsf k|of;x?sf] ;dLIff ub}{ cfufdL lbgx?df s;/L cufl8 a9\g] eGg]af/] 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df Go"of]s{l:yt sfg'g Joj;fodf ;DnUg sfg'g\ljb\ vu]Gb| hL;L;Fu ;f] ljifodf k|ToIf 6]lnkmf]gjftf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
jftf{sf qmddf sfg'g\ljb\ hL;Ln] of] ;d:of ;'Nemfpgsf nflu sfg'gL / /fhgLlts b'j} tj/af6 plQs} lg/Gt/ k|of; ul/g'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL qmddf pxfFn] cufl8 eGg'eof], 5/kl:6P/ hfg'eGbf g]kfnLx?n] ;';+ul7t ?kn] ;+3 ;+:yfx?dfkm{t\ cufl8 a9]df of] ;d:ofnfO{ dflyNnf] tx;Dd nUg ;lsg] 5 .
;f] cj;/df ;xefuLx?sf] Ps k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbb}+ hL;Ln] eGg'eof], kLl8tx?n] :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6 dfkm{t\ lbOPsf] ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]gdf ;Dks{ u/]/ bfjLkq (Claim form) a'emfPdf cfklQ gkg{] atfpg'eof] .
sfg'g Joj;fodf ;DnUg dfwjL sfsL{n] of] ;d:of g]kfnLx?nfO{ dfq k/]sf] ;d:of gePsf] eGb} cGo b]zsf kLl8tx?n] klg s;/L ;'Nemfpg] k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] a'em\g' h?/L ePsf] atfpFb} sfsL{n] cfkm\gf cGo sfg'g Joj;fodf ;DnUg ;fyLx?aLr o; ;d:ofsf af/]df cfkm"n] 5nkmn ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L lbb}+ eljiodf cfkm" lg/Gt/ ?kdf k|of;/t /xg] s'/f atfpFg'eof] . /, pxfFn] bjfj ;d"x u7g ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df cd]l/sL /fi6|klt ;dIf lgj]bg lbgsf nflu vu]Gb| hL;L4f/f tof/ kfl/Psf] d:of}bf 5nkmnsf nflu ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
pkl:yt ;d'xn] kLl8tx?sf] gfd ;+sng ug{sf nflu lbOPsf] lhDdf zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf k|ltlglw s[i0frGb| cof{nn] :jLsfg'{ePsf] lyof] .
cof{nn] xfdL g]kfnLx?n] ;DalGwt ljleGg lgsfo Pj+ JolQm ljz]ifx?nfO{ o; ;DaGwdf k7fpg] kqx?sf cf;o Ps} af]nsf] /xg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm e]nfn] ;j{;Ddt4f/f ls/0f l;6f}nf / k'? ;'j]bLnfO{ cfufdL sfo{qmdx? to ug{ / o;cl3 u|Lgsf8{sf] 7uLdf k/]sfx?sf] ;xof]usf nflu JolQm ljz]if4f/f ul/Psf k|of;x?nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf ;d]6]/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;+3 ;+:yfsf dfWod4f/f cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf ;efklt /fh]Gb| jnLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sl/j #) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] pQm sfo{mqmd elh{lgof lnxfOj]l:yt lsrg Sofkm]df ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

7u jlsn s'?T;sLnfO{ bz jif{ s}b

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, dfr{ (, @))#

jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt GofowLz lncf]gL Pd lj|ªlsdf (Leonie M. Brinkema) n] z'qmaf/ dfr{ & tfl/vsf lbg :ofd'lon hL s'?T;sLnfO{ bz jif{sf] s}b ;ofo lbg'ePsf] 5 .
;hfo ;'gfpg] qmddf GofowLz lj|ªlsdf Hofb} l/;fpg'ePsf] lyof] / lghnfO{ s}b ;hfo tf]Sb} pxfFn] eGg'eof], æof] Hofb} g/fd|f], 3[l0ft / 7"nf] 7uL sfo{ xf] .Æ eGb} GofowLzn] s'?T;sLsf] @# nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ hkmt ug]{ cfb]z lbb}+ of] k};f lghaf6 7luPsf JolQmx?sf] /fxtsf nflu k|of]u ug]{ u/L km};nf ug'{ePsf] 5 .
;f] cj;/df GofowLzn] eGg'eof], æoL dflg;x?n] of] b]zdf s]xL ;kgf / cfzf lnP/ cfPsf lyP / ltd|f] sf/0fn] ubf{ cfh of] pgLx?sf] ;kgf / cfzf rsfgfr'/ ePsf] 5 .Æ
h]ns} kf]zfsdf pkl:yt lgh s'?T;sLn] GofowLz4f/f ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm Hofb} sdnf] :j/df lbPsf lyP .
of] km};nf cd]l/sL sfg'g cGt/ut ;a}eGbf a9L lbg ;lsg] lyof] . /, o; km};nfsf] lj?4 s'?T;sLn] k'gM ckLn gug]{ lg0f{o u/]sfn] ubf{ pgnfO{ ;/sf/L kIfn] c? afFsL d''4fx? grnfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
;xfos cd]l/sL P6f]gL{ hf]g 6L= df]6{g (John T. Morton) n] z'qmaf/s} lbg GofowLz ;dIf eGg'ePsf] lyof], æk|ltjfbLn] dflg;x?sf] hLjg;Fu ;xh} v]naf8 ub}{ Hofb} ;lhnf] tl/sfn] k};f sdfpg] k]zf ckgfPsf lyP .Æ
cbfntdf ;fIfL ujfO{ lbb}+ k|jf]b kf7sn] eg], æcfkm"n] lxGbL klqsfdf s'?T;sLsf] n kmd{n] u|Lgsf8{ :kG;/sf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ eGg] lj1fkg b]v]kl5 cfkm" ;f] n kmd{sf] ;xfotf lng uPsf] lyPF .Æ
kf7sn] cufl8 eg], ædflg;x?n] dnfO{ ltdLn] lsg z+sf gu/]sf] eg]/ k|Zg u/]sf lyP / d}n] eg] d}n] jlsnnfO{ ljZjf; gu/] s;nfO{ ljZjf; ug]{ t <Æ oxL pQ/ ;'Gb} GofowLzn] km};nfsf qmddf eGg'eof], æha jlsnn] g} cfkm\g} Joj;fosf] dof{bf cfkm\g} u|fxs;dIf tf]8\5 eg] of] cbfntn] :ki6;Fu s] eGg rfxG5 eg] xfdL To:tf sfo{x? ;xb}gf} .Æ
em08} ;ft ;o eGbf a9L g]kfnLx?;d]t lghsf] 7uLdf k/]sf 5g\ . ;d:ofsf] df/df k/]sf kLl8tx?sf ;xof]usf nflu jfl;+ª6g 8L;Lsf g]kfnL ;+3 ;+:yf tyf kLl8t kIfx? s;/L cfkm\gf] cfjfh ;DalGwt 7fpFdf k'/\ofpg ;lsG5 elg nfluk/]sf 5g\ .
-;fef/M h]/L dfs{g, dfr{ *, @))# jfl;+ª6g kf]i6_

jfl;+ª6 8L;Ldf lzj/fqL

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
dfr{ @, @))#

jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnLx?4f/f :yflkt ul/Psf] kz'klt tyf a'4 dlGb/df lxhf] zlgaf/ ;f+em lxGb"x?sf] dxfg rf9 lzj/flq kj{ ehglst{g u/L dgfOof] .
;f+em 5 ah]b]lv z'? ePsf] pQm ehgsLt{g sfo{qmddf dlGb/sf u'? >Lw/ 1jfnLn] lzj/flq kj{sf af/]df 5f]6f] k|jrg lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] dlGb/sf ;+:yfks tyf PPgPsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nfn] u'? nufot 8L;L j/k/sf eQmhgx?nfO{ k"hf tyf ehgsLt{gdf pkl:yt eOlbg'ePsf]df xflb{s wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] . k"hfdf ^) hgf eGbf a9L eQmhgx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

ædfcf]jfbLx?sf] zf;gaf6 g]kfnnfO{ hf]ufcf}+Æ

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L dfr{ !, @))#

jfl;ª6g 8L;L l:yt k|l;4 x]l/6]h kmfp08];gn] ut km]j|'c/L @* tfl/vsf lbg ædfcf]jfbLx?sf] zf;gaf6 g]kfnnfO{ hf]ufcf}+Æ eGg] ljifodf Ps ljrf/ uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
pQm kmfp08];gsf blIf0f Pl;of dfdnf;DaGwL ljz]if1 8fgf l8ngsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg pQm uf]i7Ldf 8f]gn SofDk -pk ;lrj cd]l/sL :6]6 ljefu_, 8f= lrqs[i0f ltjf/L -g]kfn ljz]if1_ / 8f= 6d cf/= dfs{;\ -dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng;DaGwsf lj4fg_ / lbg]z e§/fO{ -zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;_ /xg'ePsf] lyof] .
8fgf l8ngn] jQmfx?sf] kl/ro u/fpg'ePkl5 z'? ePsf] pQm Kofgn uf]i7Ldf 8f= lrqs[i0f ltjf/Ln] ut km]j|'c/L !%,@))# df jfl;+ª6g 6fOD;n] k|sflzt u/]sf] cfkm\gf] n]v g]kfnsf] jt{dfg æcj:yf ljZn]if0fÆnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ cfkm\gf cleJolQm k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
k|:t'ltsf] qmddf 8f= ltjf/Ln] eGg'eof], æk|x/L k|d'v s[i0f df]xg >]i7sf] dfcf]jfbL4f/f sf7df8f}+df ul/Psf] lgd{d xTofsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ g} /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] cft'l/P/ dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ug{ cl3 ;/]sf x'g\ / ;f] ;+u;Fu} /fHon] klg s]xL JolQmlj?4 /flvPsf 6fpsfsf] df]n nufot OG6/kf]nn] hf/L u/]sf] æ/ftf ;"rgfÆ sf] lkmtf{ h:tf 5'6x? dfcf]jfbLn] kfPsf lyP .Æ
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;d:of ;'Nemfpg ut gf]e]Da/ @))! b]lv cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u k|fKt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] t}gfy u/] klg pQm ;}Gon] dfcf]jfbL ;}Gox?nfO{ k/f:t ug{ g;s]sf] / ;d:of ;'Nemfpg cfh;Dd ljkmn ePsf] 5 eGb} 8f= ltjf/Ln] g]kfnL ;]gfx? eg] dfcf]jfbLdfly cfqmd0fsf] jbnfdf cfTd/Ifftkm{ nfu]sf] b]lvG5 eGg'eof] .
jt{dfg cj:yfsf] 8f= ltjf/Ln] ljZn]if0f ub}{ eGg'eof], æo; lgsf;xLg cj:yf tLg zlQm -dfcf]jfbL, /fhf / cGo /fhgLlts bn_x? aLr /x]sf] / cGo /fhgLlts bnx? eg] /fhf / dfcf]jfbL aLrsf zlQmsf ?kdf k'u]sf 5g\ .Æ o;}u/L cGo /fhgLlt zlQmx?n] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] :yfkgfnfO{ u}/sfg'gL dfGb} cfPsf] hfgsf/L lbb}+ 8f= ltjf/Ln] /fhf / dfcf]jfbL b'j}n] cGo /fhgLlt bnx? cfkm\gf] xftdf lng] k|of; ul//x]sfn] ubf{ g]kfnL k|hftGq eg] s;}sf] aGwgdf g/x]sf] / dfcf]jfbLx? @)$^ sf] ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] ;"qnfO{ cfb/tfsf ;fy sb/ ug{ k|ltj4 /x]sf] b]lvPsf] s'/f pNn]v ug'{eof] .
8f= ltjf/Ln], dfcf]jfbL4f/f dfluPsf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfu /fhtGqnfO{ æ;Ddfgk"j{s aflx/ lgisfzg ug]{Æ Ps k|of; xf] / of] s'/f a'em]/ /fhfn] o;sf] s8f lj/f]w ug]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 eGb} cfkm\gf s'/f pQm uf]i7Ldf /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
To:t} csf{ ;xefuL, :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6sf 8f]gfN8 SofDkn] g]kfndf rln/x]sf] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngk|lt cd]l/sL ;/sf/ Hofb} g} lrlGtt /x]sf] s'/f atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cd]l/sf g]kfn ;DaGwsf af/]df k|sfz kfb}{ cufl8 eGg'eof], æ;g\ !(%! b]lv g]kfn / cd]l/sfaLr d}qL ;DaGw /x]sf] / pQm cjlwdf cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf nflu Ps ca{ 8n/ eGbf a9Lsf] ;xof]u ul/;s]sf] ;fy} ;a}eGbf a9L kL;sf]/ :jod\;]jLx?sf] ;+Vof g]kfnnfO{ pknAw u/fPsfÆ 5f}+Æ eGg'eof] .
8f= SofDkn], ;g\ !((^ b]lv otf dfcf]jfbLx?n] g]kfnsf u|fdL0f Onfsfx?df :yflkt ljsf; lgdf{0fsf cfwf/e"t ef}lts ;DklQsf] $) k|ltzt Wj:t u/]sf] tYo k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbLx? cfkm\gf] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf ælgd{dÆ ePsf / /fhtGq / ;+;bLo k|hftGqnfO{ PstGqLo lg/+s'z /fHodf kl/0ft ug{ nfu]sf] cf/f]k 8f= SofDkn] nufpg'eof] .
cd]l/sL ;/sf/, g]kfnL dfcf]jfbL / blIf0f Pl;of If]qdf /x]sf cGo jfdzlQmx?aLr ;fd'lxs u7aGwgsf sf/0fn] ubf{ cd]l/sf lj?4 pgLx? Ps eP/ h'6\g ;Sg] jftfj/0f aGg] ;d:of 8f= SofDkn] bzf{pg'ePsf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;'Nemfpg cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] g]kfnnfO{ tLg tj/n] ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ 8f= SofDkn] eGg'eof], æcfly{s ;xof]u, ;}lgs ;xof]u / /fhg}lts xltof/ k|of]u u/L dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ cft+ssf/Lsf] ;+1fÆ lbg ;Sg] clwsf/ eljiodf k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] r]tfjgL lbg'eof] .
g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfgjclwsf/ pNn3+g u/]sf] ljifodf 8f= SofDkn] eGg'eof], æcd]l/sL ;/sf/n] ;}lgsn] dfgjclwsf/ pNn3+g ug]{ s'/fnfO{ w]/} ulxl/P/ x]/]sf] 5 / s'g} klg ;}lgs ;xof]u ug'{ cufl8 dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf] 5fgljg ug]{ lgsfo :yfkgf geP;Dd ;}lgs ;xof]u cufl8 ga9\g]Æ hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
xfn x'g nflu/x]sf] zflGt jftf{sf af/]df cd]l/sL ;/sf/ lg;Gb]x ?kdf To;sf] kIfdf /x]sf] 5 / jftf{ ljkmn ePdf klg cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u k|bfg ub}{ g]kfnnfO{ hf]ufpgsf nflu cd]l/sfn] e/dUb'/ k|of; hf/L /fVg] hfgsf/L klg 8f= SofDkn] cGTodf lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmdsf csf{ jQmf 8f=6d dfs{;\ -æleotgfd o'4kl5 cfh;Ddsf dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngÆ sf k':tssf n]vs_n], g]kfndf ;~rflnt dfcf]jfbLx?sf] æhgo'4Æ dfcf]4f/f z'?cft ul/Psf] qmflGtsf] ;"qs} ?kdf /x]sf] / ;f]xL ;"q ljZjsf cGo dfcf]jfbL jfdzlQmx?n] ;g\ !(^) b]lv otf k|rngdf NofPsf] atfpg'eof] .
8f= dfs{;\n] cufl8 eGg'eof], æo;sf s]xL ljz]iftfx?dWo] ;}lgs ansf] k|of]u u/]/ /fhg}lts clwsf/ xftdf lng], qmflGtsf/L g]tfx?n] hg dfg;nfO{ ;xh} a]Rg ;Sg] /fhg}lts gf/fx? ;dfhsf lk5l8Psf ju{x?nfO{ lbb}+ /fHolj?4 ;+3if{ ug{ cfXjfg ug]{, dflyNnf lzlIft ju{sf] g]t[Tjdf lk5l8Psf hfltx?nfO{ o'4df xf]Dg] / dlxnf ju{sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf u/fpg] b]lvG5 .Æ eGb} 8f= dfs{;\n] jt{dfg g]kfnL dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ klg æUof+u ckm kmf]/Æ -cyf{t\ dfcf]sf] d[To'kl5 rLgdf /fhg}lts g]t[Tjsf nflu ;+nUg rf/ JolQmx?sf] Ps ;d"xsf]_ ;+1f lbb}+ o:tf ;d"xx?n] jftf{nfkdf efu ln+b} k"0f{ ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ ljho u/fpg k|oTg/t /lx/xg] 5g\ eGg] s'/f hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
8f= dfs{;\n], g]kfnL dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfGbf]ngsf z'? z'?sf lbgx?df hgtfsf d'6' / lbdfu lhTg ;kmn ePsf lyP eGb} t/ cfhsfn pgLx? cft+s / qf; b]vfP/ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf /x]sf Onfsfx?df cfkm\gf] k|e'Tj hdfPsf 5g\ eGg'eof] .
To;}u/L 8f= dfs{;\n], :yfgLo ;/sf/L ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt h:tf ejgx? eTsfP/ ;/sf/ / ufpFsf hgtfaLr ;DaGw ljR5]b u/fpFb} cfkm"n] pQm l/Qm :yfgdf cfkm\gf] hg;/sf/ :yflkt ub}{ cl3 a9]sf] s'/f pNn]v ug'{eof] .
zflGt jftf{sf] glthf ;DaGwdf eg] dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfx?sf] ;f]rsf] af/]df cem a9L cWoog gu/L s]xL atfpg g;Sg] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;f] uf]i7Ldf zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf pk lgof]u k|d'v lbg]z e§/fO{n] g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f ljsf;sf lgdf{0fx? etfe'+u ePsf] / k|hftGqdf ljsf; eg] ljh'nLsf] :jLr em}+ em§} gx'g] s'/f hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn] g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] cfwf/zLnf eg]sf] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGq xf] eGb} ;/sf/ zflGt jftf{ ;kmn agfpg ;a};Fu 5nkmn ul//x]sf] / b]zdf :yfoL zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fdf ;/sf/ k|of;/t 5 eGg'eof] .
sl/a ^) hgf ;|f]tfx? pkl:yt pQm uf]i7Ldf k|fo ljb]zLx?s} afx'Notf lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf sl/j $) ldg]6 hlt k|ZgpQ/ sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] .

Zfl// Jofkf/ lj?4 Ps x'g cfXjfg

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
km]j|'c/L @*, @))#

cd]l/sL :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6 / dflg; Jofkf/ lj?4 lj/f]w hgfpg] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] u7aGwgsf] tTjfjwfgdf km]j|'c/L @# b]lv @^ tfl/v;Dd jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf æzl// Jofkf/ lj?4 o'4 @))#Æ sf] uf]i7L cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
pQm uf]i7Ln] ljz]if u/L r]nLa]6L tyf afnaflnsfx?sf] ljZjdf x'Fb} cfPsf] of}g zf]if0fsf af/]df ljz]if ljrf/ ljdz{ u/]sf] lyof] .
of] cGt/f{li6|o:t/sf] zl// Jofkf/ lj?4 o'4 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] klxnf] uf]i7L ePsf] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
cfhsf] ;+;f/df of}g Jofkf/ pBf]us} ?kdf lta| ultdf j[l4 eO/x]sf] / ;+ul7t lu/f]xx?sf nflu of] nfu" cf}ifw / xftxltof/sf] lsga]rkl5 t];|f] 7"nf] kmfObfsf ?kdf ulgg k'u]sf] 5 .
k|To]s jif{ @) b]lv %) nfv dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx? cGt/f{li6|o ;Ldf jf/kf/ u/L of}g Jofkf/df ;+DnUg u/fOPsf] tYo ;f] uf]i7Ldf lbOPsf] lyof] .
dlxnf / afnaflnsfx?sf] :jfledfg vf]l;Psf], lgbf]{zkg n'l6Psf] / dfn;fdfg em}+ ahf/df Jofkf/ ePsf oL kLl8t tyf zf]lift ju{x?n] To;dfly s'6fO, /f]u, ef]s / anTsf/ klg ;xg afWo x'g'k/]sf] s'/f uf]i7L cfof]hsn] hgfPsf 5g\ .
log} zf]if0fsf] lj?4 Ps eP/ o'4 ug{ uf]i7Ldf pkl:yt tyf ;+;f/e/sf JolQm ljz]if, ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ oL aGwgdf k/]sf kLl8tx?sf] ;'/Iff / ;xof]usf nflu cfXjfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
pQm uf]i7Ldf ljz]if vt/fdf k/]sf kLl8tx?sf nflu tTsfn s;/L /fxt lbg ;lsG5, To:tf cj}w Jofkf/df ;DnUg lu/f]xnfO{ o:tf] sfd gug{sf nflu lgodsfg'gsf] r]tfjgLsf] k|rf/, ;+rf/dfWod4f/f /f]sfj6sf pkfo nufot lu/f]xsf lj?4 sfg'gL sf/jfxL rnfpg], ;+rf/dfWodnfO{ k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu k|of]u ul/g], of}g Jofkf/ lj?4sf ;kmn ;/sf/L sf/jfxL tyf sfo{qmdx?sf af/] / cGt/f{li6|o ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu ;xof]u lng] h:tf @) j6f ljleGg ljifox?df cd]l/sf l:ylt hf]g xklsG; ljZjljBfno nufotsf 5fq5fqfx?n] ;d]t ljz]if rfvsf ;fy pQm sfo{qmdf 5nkmn u/]sf lyP .
;]P8{ xf]k OG6/g]zgn -SHARED HOPE INTERNATIONAL_ gfds cd]l/sL ;+:yfn] xfn hd}sf, g]kfn, ef/t / cd]l/sfdf ljz]if kLl8tx?sf nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfn ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
;f] uf]i7L k"j{ cd]l/sL l;g]6/ ln08f l:dy4f/f :yflkt u}/;/sf/L ;++:yf ;]P8{ xf]k OG6/g]zgnsf] ljz]if ;lqmotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .
pQm ;+:yfn] aGwgdf /flvPsf r]nLa]6L tyf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ sf]7Laf6 pgLx?sf] d"No e'QmfgL u/L pgLx?sf] :jtGqtf lsg]/ p4f/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
;f] uf]i7Ldf efu lngsf nflu g]kfnaf6 dfOtL g]kfnsf tkm{af6 dlxnf ;xfos dGqL cg'/fwf sf]O/fnf nufotsf cGo s]xL ;+:yfx? klg 8L;L cfOk'u]sf lyP .
uf]i7Ldf g]kfnaf6 ef/tlt/ x'g] u/]sf] dlxnf Jofkf/sf ljifodf ljz]if 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] eg] g]kfndf k'g:yflk{t ePsf To:tf s]xL r]lna]6Lx?nfO{ cd]l/sL cfof]hs ;+:yfx?n] pgLx?sf syfx?nfO{ dxTjsf ;fy lbPsf] b]lvGYof]

gf/L ;+/If0f s]Gb|, x]6f}+8f klg uf]i7Ldf

x]6f}8fdf /x]/ a]lrPsf dlxnfx?nfO{ lkmtf{ Nofpg] sfddf ;xof]u ub}{ kmls{sf dlxnfx?sf nflu :j/f]huf/sf] Joj:yf ub}{ cfPsf] gf/L ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf tkm{af6 pQm s]Gb|sL k|aGw lgb]{zs nLnf v8\sf, ;lrj ofªsL ;'g'jf/ / /]0f' u'?ªn] ;f] sfo{qmddf efu lnPsf lyP .
gf/L ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf af/]df s]Gb|sL ;lrj ofªsL ;'g'jf/ elG5g\, æof] ;+:yf ;g\ @))! df vf]n]sf xf}+ . o;df xfdLn] a]lrPsf r]nLx?nfO{ kmsf{P/ Nofpg d4t ug]{ / kms]{sf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;dfhdf k'g:yf{kgf ug{sf nflu ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . sltko dlxnfx?nfO{ ;dfhn] l5 l5 / b"/b"/ u/]sf sf/0f pgLx? k'gM jfWoeP/ aDa} g} kms]{/ hfg] 36gfx? ePsfn] ubf{ xfdLn] ltgLx?nfO{ :jfjnDaL agfP/ cfkm\gf] v'§fdf cfkm}+ pEofpg] k|of; u/]sf] s'/f ;lrj ofª\sLn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ atfOg\ . To:t} pgL cufl8 elG5g\, æxfn;Dd @) hgfeGbf a9Ln] gf/L ;+/If0f s]Gb|af6 :j/f]huf/sf nflu tflnd k|fKt u/]/ cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] hLjLsf]kfh{g ug{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ .Æ
;lrj ;'g'jf/ o;cl3 aDa}l:yt l6g Rofn]Gh gfds ;+:yfdf sfd ul/;s]sf] atfpFb} cfkm"n] aDa}sf a]Zofnoaf6 ; ;fgf aRrLx?b]lv lnP/ w]/} lbbLalxgLx?nfO{ lgsfNg ;kmn eO;s]sf] atfpFb} xfn gf/L ;+/If0f s]Gb| x]6f}+8fdf /x]/ sfd ul//x]sf] atfpFl5g\ .
ljb]zLx?n] sltsf] ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ t eGg] k|Zgdf pgL elG5g\, e/v/}b]lv cd]l/sL ;+:yfn] s]xL rf;f] b]vfPsf] eP klg To:tf] vf;} ;xof]u eg] cfkm"x?nfO{ gu/]sf] eP klg xfdLnfO{ ;d]t cd]l/sf cfpg] lgDtf] lbPsf]df ca lj:tf/} ;xof]u cfpg ;Sg] eP klg d'VotM ;xof]u eGbf klg cfkm"x?n] g} s]xL pBd u/]/ kmls{Psf lbbLalxgLx?nfO{ :jfjnDaL agpg] d'Vo ;+:yfsf] nIo /x]sf] pgn] atfOg\ . To;f] t cGt/f{li6|o ;+3;+:yfx? nfluk/]sf v08df r]lna]6L a]rljvgdf sdL x'g] / w]/}sf] p4f/ ug{ ;lsg] s'/fdf eg] cfkm" cfzfjfbL ePsf] pgn] atfOg\ .
g]kfnsf] d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] kmsf{P/ NofPkl5 ;dfhn] pgLx?nfO{ g:jLsfgf{n] pgLx? afWo eP/ k'gM To:t} k]zfdf kms{g] x'gfn] To;nfO{ /f]Sg / pgLx?nfO{ ;Ifd agfP/ /f]huf/sf] Joj:yf lbnfpg ;Sg'kg]{ pgL atfpFl5g\ .
pQm ;+/If0f s]Gb|n] s]Gb|4f/f pTkflbt g]kfnL xftn] agfPsf ljleGg ;fdfu|Lx? h:tf] xft]Jofu nufotsf cGo lukm\6x?sf] ;d]t k|rf/ / ljqmLsf nflu sfo{qmddf NofPsf lyP . pgLx?n] agfPsf ;fdfgx? w]/} cd]l/sgx?n] dgk/fPsf] b]lvGYof] . eg] ;]P8{ xf]k OG6/g]zgnsf ;b:ox?n] pgLx?sf] ;fdfgx?sf] k|b{zgLdf ljz]if ;fy lbPsf b]lvGy] .

/fhb"t4f/f ;Ddfg

dfOtL g]kfnsL ;+:yfks tyf ;xfos dlxnf dGqL cg'/fwf sf]O/fnfsf] ;Ddfgdf zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf; jfl;+ª6g 8L;Lsf dxfdlxd /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffn] @^ tfl/v ;fFem Ps /flqef]hsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
dfOtL g]kfn g]kfnaf6 ef/tdf r]lna]6L kmsf{P/ Nofpg] / r]lna]6L a]rljvg x'g glbgsf nflu ufpF ufpFdf uP/ hfu/0f Nofpg] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] Pp6f k|d'v ;+:yfsf ?kdf cGt/f{li6|o :t/d} lrlgb} cfPsf] 5 .

8L;Ldf k|hftGq dgfOof]

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, @$ km]j|'c/L, @))#

jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] o; jif{sf] k|hftGq lbj; jfl;+86g 8L;Ldf zlgaf/ @@ tfl/vsf lbg dgfPsf] 5 .
pQm cj;/df zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t dxfdlxd hok|tfk /f0ff k|d'v cltly /xg'ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf 8L;L j/k/sf :yfgLo g]kfnL ;+3 ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
dxfdlxd /fhb"t /f0ffn] pkl:yt cfuGt'sx?sf] :jfut ub}{ @))& ;fndf /fhf / k|hf ldn]/ NofPsf] k|hftGqn] %# jif{ k"/f u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ jt{dfg /fhfaf6 ax'bnLo k|hftGqk|lt sl6a4 /x]sf] s'/f pNn]v ug'{eof] .
dxfdlxd /f0ffn], k|hftGqnfO{ d'vl/t ug{ e/v/} z'? x'g nfu]sf] zflGt jftf{n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ cfzf cfkm"n] JoQm u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf b P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ Og b cd]l/sfsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nfn] k|hftGq /fd|f] Joj:yf xf] o;nfO{ ;a} ldn]/ ;'Gb/ b]z g]kfnnfO{ cem ;'Gb/ b]z agfpg cfXjfg ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmddf csf{ jQmf cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L, jfl;+ª6g 8L;Lsf ;efklt /fh]Gb| jnLn], g]kfndf k|hftGqnfO{ bfoFf jfofF / dWo ;a}lt/af6 cfqmd0f u/L b]zsf] cj:yf gfh's ag]sf]df lrGtf JoQm ub}{ To;sf] kl/0ffd hgtfn] 7"nf] si6 a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx? Hofb} b'MvL ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L, 8L;Lsf pk;efklt XofG; :jo/n] g]kfn / g]kfnLx?sf] ;w}+ pGglQ/ k|ult xf];\ / k|hftGq kmnf];\ km"nf];\ eGg] sfdgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df pk;efklt :jo/n] cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ln] g]kfnaf6 gofF cfpg] g]kfnLx?sf nflu :jfut k':ts k|sflzt ug{ nfu]sf] / pQm k':tsn] gofF cfpg] g]kfnLx?nfO{ 8L;Lsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg ;xof]u k'Ug] s'/f /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
k|hftGq k|flKtsf nflu ePsf 1ft c1ft ;xLbx?k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL JoQm ub}{ z'? ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng /fhb"tfaf;sf pk lgof]u k|d'v lbg]z e§/fO{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] / sfo{qmd 8L;Ll:yt dfpG6 Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6df ul/Psf] lyof] .

sf]nf]/f8f]df sljtf Pj+ ;flxTo dxT;f]j x'g]

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, km]j'|c/L @$, @))#

cfp+bf] h'nfO{df sf]nf]/f8f]df x'g uO/x]sf] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:yf P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kflnh Og b cd]l/sfh\sf]] ;Dd]ngsf cj;/df 8]gj/l:yt :yfgLo ;+:yf cf/PdPkmPg / jfl;+ª6gl:yt cGt/f{li6|o ;flxTo ;dfhsf] ;+o'Qm tTjfjwfgdf sljtf Pj+ ;flxTo dxf]T;j x'g] ePsf] s'/f cGgf ;df/f]x @))# sljtf tyf ;flxlTos ;ldltn] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
pQm cj;/df !* jif{d'gLsf / !* jif{dflysfx?sf] nflu leGgfleGg} sljtf k|ltof]lutf ul/g] ePsf] s'/f klg ;flxTo ;ldlt4f/f k|sflzt lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
jo:s / afnaflnsfx?sf nflu 5'§f 5'§} k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf pQm dxf]Tjsf cfof]hsx?n] u/]sf 5g\ .
jo:s k|ltof]uLsf nflu æzdf{ d'8e/L g]kfnL sljtf k'/:sf/Æ lbOg] 5 eg] jfn k|ltof]lusf nflu æcd/ dLgf g]kfnL sljtf k'/:sf/Æ k|bfg ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
pQm k|ltof]lutfdf efu lngsf nflu / ;Dd"0f{ hfgsf/Lsf nflu OR5's ;a} ;flxTok|]dLx?n] literature@inls.org 7]ufgdf hfg'eof] eg] dxT;f]jsf af/] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L lng ;Sg'x'g]5 .

Go"of]s{jf;Ln] g]kfnsf] k|hftGq dgfP

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L km]j|'c/L @), @))#

Go"of]s{l:yt g]kfnL k|hftflGqs o'jf kl/ifb\n] g]kfnLx?sf] pkl:yltdf %# cf}+ k|hftGq lbj; ut cfOtaf/ dgfPsf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf /fi6";+3sf nflu :yfoL g]kfnL /fhb"t d'/fl//fh zdf{ x'g'x'GYof] .
To;}u/L pQm sfo{qmddf o'lg;]kmsf gfoj sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs s'nrGb| uf}tdn] k|hftGq alnof] agfpg g]kfnLx¿nfO{ cfu|x ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj o'jf kl/ifb\sf ;efklt cfgGb lji6n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
Z}fn]; >]i7n] pb\3f]if0f ug'{ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf 8f= tf/fgfy lg/f}nf kl/ifb\sf dxf;lrj ;f]dgfy l3ld/n], cd]l/sg gful/s /f]g8fn uf]N8;\af]/f]k, ljho s'df/ l;Ub]n, snd sfsL{ nufotsf aQmfx?n] g]kfnsf] k|hftGqsf af/]df af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] eg] 5]jfª nfdf, 8f= o'j/fh e§/fO{, ;f]gfd z]kf{n] sljtf kf7 ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

dfcf]jfbLx?åf/f rGbf ;sng /f]Sg lgb]{zg

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;ª6g 8L;L, km]j|'c/L !^, @))#

g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] km]j|'c/L !^ tfl/vsf lbg Ps jStAo k|sflzt ub}{ cfkm"x? jftf{k|lt ;sf/fTds /x]sf] wf/0ffdf hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . pQm kf6L{sfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no4f/f k|sflzt pQm lj1lKtsf cg';f/ cfkm"x?n] /fhf;+u s'g} To:tf] uf]Ko jftf{ gu/]sf] hfgsf/L klg jStJodf pNn]v 5 .
;d;fdlos cj:yfdf ;a} kf7sx?sf nflu dfcf]jfbLx? cflv/ s] eG5g\ t eGg] s'/f hfgsf/L lbg' plrt g} x'g] 7fg]/ xfdLnfO{ k|fKt lj1lKtsf] ;Dk"0f{ c+z tn k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ .
æb]zdf ljBdfg u[x-o'4nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 cu|ufdL /fhg}lts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs lgsf; ;lxt ;dfwfg ug]{ p4]Zo4f/f o'4-lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] tLg xKtf k'Ub} 5 . o; aLrdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] u[x-o'4sf] jt{dfg r/0fdf jftf{sf] k|ZgnfO{ cToGt u+eL/tf / lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s ln+b} jftf{ 6f]nLsf] u7g / ;xh jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cGo cfjZos sbdx? rfNb} cfPsf] s'/f klg ;j{ljlbt} 5 . t/, o'4-lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff;+u} xfd|f] kf6L{sf sltko jl/i7 g]tfx? b/jf/ uPsf] / /fhf;+u uf]Ko dGq0ff u/]sf] eGg] h:tf] lgtfGt em'§f], skf]nslNkt / lgof]lht k|rf/ cufl8 cfof] . of] em'§f] k|rf/nfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] b]zdf zflGt / k|ult g?rfpg] b]zL / ljb]zL k|lts[ofjfbL tTjx?sf] jftf{ lj/f]lw if8oGqsf?kdf lnPsf] 5 .
xfdLn] o; k|sf/sf] k|rf/nfO{ lgGbf / e08fkmf]/ ub}{ jt{dfg jftf{ k|ls|ofnfO{ b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;a} /fhg}lts bn, jf}l4s JolQmTj / cfd hgtfsf] jftf{ k|lsofdf kl/0ft ul/ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg-;efdfkm{t cu|ufdL lgsf;sfnflu cfJxfg ubf{ ub}{ klg sltko ;+;bjfbL bnx? d'VotM Pdfn], g]=sf=sf k|d'v g]tfx?4f/f Tof] em'§f] k|rf/nfO{ g} dnhn ug]{ Jojxf/sf] k|bz{gn] :jo+ plgx?sf] gLotdf ;d]t u+eL/ cfz+sf pTkGg u/fO/x]sf] 5 .
o'4-lj/fd kl5 ;xh / ljZjf;of]Uo jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ tdfd cf:yfsf aGbLx?sf] l:ylt ;fjh{lgs ug]{ tyf l/xfO{sf] k|ls|of cufl8 a9fpg'sf] ;§f zfxL ;]gf / ;z:q k|x/L4f/f cem al9 bf}8w'k, r]lsÍ, 5fkfdf/L / w/ks8 ug'{ tyf slyt rGbf cleofgsf lj?4 /Iff dGqfno4f/f jQmJojfhLug'{n] ;du| o'4-lj/fd / jftf{ k|ls|ofdfg} gsf/fTds k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 .
36gfs|dx?n] hg-;d'bfosf] zflGt, :jtGqtf / k|ultsf] cfs+Iffsf lj?4 eO/x]sf k|lts[ofjfbL if8oGqnfO{ g} b]vfO/x]sf 5g\ . xfdL g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGt, :jtGqtf / k|ultsf] cfs+Iffsf lj?4 eO/x]sf tdfd if8oGqsf lj?4 Psh"6 x'g b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ hg-kIfLo /fhg}lts zlQm, jf}l4s JolQmTjx? / cfd hg-;d'bfodf xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .
xfdL cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 o'4-lj/fd / jftf{ ef+l8g] s'g} klg s[ofsnfk /f]Sg k|lta4 5f}+ . o; ;Gbe{df sltko gSsnL rGbf cft+s v8f ul/ xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ To; k|sf/sf] cf/f]k nufpg] rfn rln/x]sf] ;+s]t b]lv/x]sf] clxn]sf] tfTsflng l:yltdf, To; k|sf/sf] k|lts[ofjfbL rfnnfO{ c;kmn t"Nofpg] sbdsf?kdf csf]{ ;"rgf gcf+pbf;Dd kf6L{sf tkm{af6 :j]R5f afx]ssf ;a} k|sf/sf rGbf sfo{s|d :ylut ug{ s]Gb|Lo sfo{no l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQmnfO{ o;} jQmJo dfkm{t lgb]{lzt ub{5 .Æ
ldlt M- $ kmfNu'0f @)%(



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u|Lgsf8{ 7uLdf k/]sfx?sf] nflu ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]g pknAw

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L km]j|c/L !%, @))#

u|Lgsf8{sf] nflu :kG;/ ul/lbg] egL @& ;oeGbf a9L u|fxsx?nfO{ 7uL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf kqmfp k/]sf Soflk6n n ;]G6/sf dflns tyf clwjQmf ;fd'lxn hL s'?T;sL nufot pgsf 7uL sfo{df ;DnUg OGb|hLt sf}/, /f]gfN8 af]uf8{; / Sof/f]lngf 6|fgfnfO{ elh{lgofsf] cbfntn] bf]ifL 7x/\ofPsf] 5 .
pQm s'/f cd]l/sL sfg'g ljefu4f/f s]xL ;docl3 hf/L ul/Psf] lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
pQm 7uLdf k/]sf kLl8t u|fxsx?sf] /fxtsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sL sfg'g ljefu (U.S. Department of Justice) n] ljz]if 6]lnkmf]g g+=sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
Soflk6n n ;]G6/af6 u|Lgsf8{sf nflu cfj]bg lbPsf ;Dk"0f{ u|fxsx?n] pQm 6]lnkmf]g g+=df kmf]g ;Dks{ u/L cfkm\gf] gfd, y/, / cfkm"nfO{ k/]sf] ;d:of hfgsf/L u/fO{ vj/ 5f8\g x'g lgDg lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]gsf] Joj:yf ul/lbPsf] 5 .
pQm 6]lnkm]fg g+= ! *^^ *#% &^#) /x]sf] 5 .
xfdLn] pQm 6]lnkmf]g g+=df ;Dks{ ubf{ /]s8{ u/L 5fl8Psf] vj/ cg';f/ kLl8t JolQmn] lgDg 7]ufgfdf cfkm\gf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf ;lxt bfjL kq (Request for Claim form)sf] dfu u/]/ kqfrf/ ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . To;kl5 /fxtsf nflu :yflkt pQm sfof{non] ;DalGwt sfuhkqx? kLl8tx?sf nflu k7fpg] hfgsf/L ;d]t lbPsf] 5 . pQm 7]ufgfM Thomas P. Gorman, .P.O. Box 19267, Alexandria, VA 22320-0267 xf] .
cGo yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu kLl8tx?n] ! *^^ &#& (!!# df ;d]t ;Dks{ /fVg ;Sg'x'g]5 .
pQm Soflk6n n ;]G6/4f/f 7uLdf k/]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 egL cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnL ;dfh;]jL / clwjQmfx?n] klg 5nkmn ul//x]sf] s'/f g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ kz'klt a'4 dlGb/sf k+l08t >Lw/ 1jfnLn] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnL sljtf ;+u|x nf]sfk{0f

cg'/Qm >]i7
cf]dfxf g]j|f:sf,
km]j|'c/L !%, @))#

cf]dfxf g]a|f:sfl:yt g]a|f:sf ljZj ljBfnodf g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ultljlw / cfofd gfds Ps sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf eof] .
ut km]j|'c/L ( tfl/vdf ;DkGg ePsf] pQm uf]i7L ;flxTosf/ z}n]Gb| ;fsf/sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ul/Psf] lyof] .
pQm uf]i7Ldf slj ;fsf/4f/f lnlvt sljtf ;+u|x æsljtfdf cd]l/sfÆ gfds k':tssf] ;d]t nf]sfk{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
k':tssf] nf]sfk{0f g]j|f:sf ljZj ljBfnosf cGt/f{li6|o ;+of]hs /f]g ;f]6fnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g]j|f:sf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] tTjfjwfgdf OG6/g]6 klqsf k/b]z 8s sdsf] ;lqmotfdf cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmddf slj z}n]Gb| ;fsf/n] æg]kfnL ;flxTosf] jt{dfg l:ylt / gof cfofdÆ ljifodf af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL ;dodf ;fsf/n] cfkm\gf gofF sljtf ;+u|xaf6 cfkm\gf tLg sljtfx? Kff7 ug'{eof] .
To;}u/L e"ldsf ;fKtflxssf k|wfg ;Dkfbs eLd k|;fb >]i7n] æjt{dfg g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of / r'gf}ltx?Æ ljifodf k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf g]j|f:sf g]kfnL ;dfhsf kbflwsf/Lx? qmdzM ;efklt 1fg]Gb| e08f/L4f/f ;Ddfgkq ljt/0f / pk ;efklt ;fdL jlzi7n] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf g]j|f:sf g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;lrj ;'gLn vgfn, k/b]z klqsfsf ;Dkfbs d08nsf cWoIf sfd e";fn, lzn' l3ld/] / cg'/Qm >]i7n] cfkm\gf sljtfx? Jffrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . nf]slk{t k':ts æsljtfdf cd]l/sfÆ sfnrqm k|sfzg sf7df8f}+n] k|sfzg u/]sf] xf] .
pQm nf]sfk{0f ;df/f]xdf k|d'v cltly z}n]Gb| ;fsf/n] cd]l/sfdf /xFbf xf];\ jf g]kfndf /xFbf xf];\ cfkm" ;bf ;j{bf g]kfnL ;flxTosf] pTyfgdf ;dlk{t /xg] k|0f ug'{eof] . cd]l/sL ljZjljBfnosf cGt/f{li6|o ;+of]hs /f]g ;f]6fnn] slj ;fsf/sf] ;lqmotfsf] k|;+zf ub}{ pxfFn] b'O{ wf/ ePsf] t/jf/ lnP/ b'j} b]zsf] oyfy{tfnfO{ dfld{s cleJolQm lbg' ePsf] rrf{ ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmd ;+of]hs ;ldltdf /]zd yfkf, sdn e";fn, ;fdL jlzi7, z'lgn vgfn / cg'/Qm >]i7 x'g'x'G5 .

s]kL zdf{sf] pd]b\jf/L lkmtf{

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;ª6g 8L;L, km]j|'c/L %, @))#

hgsk'/df ;DkGg eO/x]sf] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgdf lgjt{dfg dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfnsf lj?4df dxf;lrj kbsf nflu pDd]bjf/L lbg'x'g] s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] cfkm\gf] pd]b\jf/L lkmtf{ lng'ePsf] s'/f hgsk'/ l:ylt xfd|f k|ltlglwn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .
dfwj g]kfn k'gM dxf;lrjdf lglj{/f]w x'g'x'g] ePsf] 5 .
o;cl3 g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] ;ftf}+ /fli6"o dxflwj]zgn] d'n'ssf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ /fli6"o ;xdlt / /fli6"o ;xdltsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ljsNkx¿nfO{ v'nf /fv]/ cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ lgisif{sf ;fy lgjt{dfg dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] d"n b:tfj]h /fhgLlts / ;+u7gfTds k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;'emfj;lxt ;j{;Ddt ¿kdf kfl/t ul/;s]sf] 5 .

o'4 lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff kl5 dfcf]jfbLx? eG5g\

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L km]j|'c/L @, @))#

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] df3 !( ut] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . pQm lj1lKt kf7sx?sf nflu xfdLn] h:tfsf] t:t} k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ .

o'4-lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] :yfoL ;ldltsf] lj:tfl/t j}7s cWoIf s= k|r08sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg eof] . a}7ssf lg0f{ox?sf] ;f/;+If]k ;fj{hlgs ug{ of] k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
!-hgo'4 / To; k"j{sf tdfd 1ft-c1ft zxLbx?k|lt ;Ddfg JoQm ub{} cufl8 a9]sf] o; a}7sdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ sd/]8x?af6 jt{dfg kl/l:yltaf/] cg'e"lthGo ;sf/fTds l/kf]6{ k|:t't ul/of] .
@-b]zsf] jt{dfg ;Gbe{df o'4-lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofsf] /0fg}lts dxTjjf/] s= k|r08åf/f k|:t't ljZn]if0fnfO{ j}7såf/f Psdtn] kfl/t ul/Psf] 5 . To; cg';f/ of] o'4-lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;sf/fTds lgsf; ;lxt ;kmn kfg{ kf6L{ k"0f{ lhDd]jf/L / u+eL/tfsf ;fy k|:t't x'g] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 .
#- j}7sn] b]zdf ljBdfg u[xo'4sf] cj:yfnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg ul/g' kb{5 egL cfjfh p7fpg] tyf To;sf nflu kxn / of]ubfg ug{] b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjclwsf/jfbL nufotsf ;+3-;+:yf, af}l4s JolQmTj, /fhg}lts bn Pj+ cfd hg;d'bfok|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{} wGojfb 1fkg u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} of] lbzfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg lg/Gt/ k|of//t sltko cGt/f{li6"o ;+3-;+:yfx?k|lt klg a}7sn] cfef/ k|s6 u/]sf] 5 .
$- jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ lhDd]jf/L k"j{s cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu a}7sn] s]Gb|Lo jftf{ 6f]nLsf] k"gu{7g u/]sf] 5 . gjlgld{t jftf{ 6f]nL lgDgcg';f/ /x]sf] 5M- s=afa'/fd e§/fO{- ;+of]hs, s=/fdaxfb'/ yfkf -s=jfbn_-;b:o, s= b]j u'?ª ;b:o, s= s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f-;b:o / s=dft[sfk|;fb ofbj-;b:o .
%- clxn]sf] ablnPsf] ;Gbe{df a}7sn] kf6L{, ;]gf / df]rf{åf/f ;+o'Qm ?kdf 3f]lift cfufdL kmfNu'0f ! / @ ut]sf] æg]kfn aGbÆnufot Tof];+u ;DalGwt ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lkmtf{ lng] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . hgo'4sf] cfufdL jflif{sf]T;j, zxLb ;Ktfx nufotsf lgoldt sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cf-cfkm\gf] l:yltcg';f/ zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] pT;jsf ?kdf dgfpg ;a} If]q Pj+ lhNnfx?nfO{ lgb{]zg ug{] 7]ufg ePsf] 5 .
^- jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh / u+eL/tfk"j{s cufl8 a9fpg lglZrt af}l4s / /fhg}lts JolQmTjx?nfO{ ;xhstf{sf ?kdf ;xof]u u/L lbg cg'/f]w ug{] ;d]t a}7sn] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
&- o'4-lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff / To;sf] jl/kl/ rn]sf s}of}+ ckmjfx / e|d k|lt j}7ssf] Wofg cfslif{t ePsf] 5 . j}7s :ki6 ug{ rfxG5 ls o'4-lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff / cfh;Dd klg xfd|f] kf6L{sf s'g} s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?sf] b/afl/of ;QfkIfsf s;};Fu klg s'g} k|sf/sf] e]63f6, uf]Ko ;DaGw /x]sf] eGg] k|rf/ ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] em'§f] xf] . jftf{sf] lgldQ jftfj/0f agfpg kxn ug{{] s]xL lglZrt dfgjclwsf/jfbL / /fhgLlts JolQmTjx?;+u k/f]If ;DaGwafx]s xfd|f] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] s;};Fu s'g} ckfblz{ ;DaGw g/x]sf] tYo :ki6 ub{} a}7s To; k|sf/sf ckmjfxk|lt ;fjwfg /xg hg;d'bfo;Fu cg'/f]w ub{5 . jftf{sf lgldQ ljleGg kIf / sf]0faf6 kxn x'Fb} cfPsf] ;QfkIfaf6 klg s]xL ;dob]lv jftf{sf] rfxgf JoQm eO/x]sf] tyf xfd|f] kf6L{n] ;d]t lglZrt Go"gtd ;t{ k"/f u/L jftfj/0f agfOPdf jftf{df a:g tof/ /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ffsf ;Gbe{ / k[i7e"lddf jt{dfg o'4-lj/fd s'g} cfsl:ds kl/36gf gePsf]s'/f :ki6 x'G5 .
of] a}7s oxfF of] s'/f klg :ki6 ug{ rfxG5 ls ljleGg /fhg}lts bn / af}l4s JolQmTjx?sf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;ef dfkm{t k|ltudgsf lj?4 cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf nflu ;+3if{/t tyf To;sf nflu b]zsf k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx?sf k|d'v g]tfx?;+u lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ / cGt/lqmofdf /xFb} cfPsf] xfd|f] kf6L{n] jftf{ k|lqmofdf /fhg}lts bnx?sf] dxTj / e"ldsfnfO{ cjd"Nog ug{] s'/fsf] cfz+sf st}af6 gul/of];\ . xfdL b]znfO{ cfhsf] hl6n /fhgLlts l:yltaf6 d'Qm ug{ k"jf{u|x/lxt 9+un] of] jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;Qf kIf / xfd|f] kf6L{sf] dfq geP/ ;Dk"0f{ /fhg}lts bn, af}l4s JolQmTj / cfd hg;d'bfosf] jftf{ k|lqmof agf]; / To; k|lqmofaf6 gofF zfGt / k|ultzLn g]kfnsf] hGd xf]cf];\ eGg] rfxG5f}+ . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngs]f xfd|f] dd{ / cf}lrTo eg]sf] g} oxL xf] . :jefljs ?kn] xfdL ;Qf kIf, ;a} /fhg}lts bn / af}l4s JolQmTjx?af6 ToxL u+eL/tfsf] ck]Iff ub{5f}+ .
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g]kfn sDolg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLsf afudtL gf/fo0fL If]qLoJo"/f] ;b:o tyf tfdfª /fli6|o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo g]tf ?b| kflv|gnfO{ s]xL ;docl3 x]6f}8fsf] 5ltjg eGg] 7fpFdf z'/Iff km}fhn] xTof u/]sf] lj/f]wdf tfdfª d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnn] df3 @! ut] cfd x8\tfn ug]{ePsf] 5 .
pQm s'/f tfdfª /fli6|o df]rf{, g]kfn s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldltsf cWoIf uuf+axfb'/ tfdfªn] df3 % ut] Ps ckLn k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .
;/sf/n] ?b| kflv|gnfO{ x]6f}8fl:yt 5ltjg eGg] 7fpFdf lx8\bf lx8\b} e]6]/ xft afFw]/ oftgf lb+b} pxfFdfly uf]nL k|xf/ u/L df/]sf] s'/f klg ckLndf pNn]v 5 .
o;cl3 klg tfdfª d'lQm df]rf{ g'jfsf]6 lhNnf cWoIf aL/axfb'/ tfdfª ;lxt cf7 hgfnfO{ ;/sf/L z'/Iff kmf}hn] lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]sf] / wflbª, /;'jf, g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, sfe|], dsjfgk'/, nlntk'/, l;Gw'nL, bf]nvf, /fd]5fk nufotsf tfdfª a:tLx?df ul/Psf] xTof tyf bdgsf] zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abNg] / b[9tfk"j{s abnf lng] ;d]t pQm df]rf{n] lg0f{o u/]sf] s'/f ckLndf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .
df]rf{n] cfpFbf] df3 !# ut] tf/fd'df] g]kfnsf] em08f cfwf em'sfpg], df3 !$ ut]b]lv @) ut];Dd xTof/fdflysf] ef}lts sf/jfxLsf] clN6d]6d lbg] / df3 @! ut] tfdfª :jfoQ OnfsfJofkL cfd x8\tfn ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
pQm ckLndf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/, ;+ljwfg;efsf] nflu ;+3if{ ug{;d]t ;a} hg;d'bf ;dIf cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 .

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ljut em08} tLg dlxgfb]lv jfl;ª6g 8L;Ll:yt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] kf;kf]6{ gjLs/0f ug{ cfpg] g]kfnLx?nfO{ xfn kf;kf]6{ gePsf sf/0f kf;kf]6{ gjLs/0f gul/lbPsf] u'gf;f] cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
;]K6]Da/ !! b]lv z'/Iffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] cd]l/sfsf /fHox?n] lbb}+ cfPsf] :yfgLo kl/ro kq lelh6/ le;f nufot cGo k|fjwfgaf6 3'Dg cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf hf] sf]xLnfO{ klg kl/ro kq gagfOlbgfn] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] kf;kf]6{ g} p;sf] kl/ro kq x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf cfkm\gf] z'/Iffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;d]t cfkm\gf] kf;kf]6{ ;w}+ af]s]/ lx8\g'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf]df zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] eg] Dofb gf3]sf] kf;kf]6{nfO{ gjLs/0fsf nflu k7fpFbf ;d]t k6s k6s xfdL;Fu kf;kf]6{ 5}g eGg] hjfkm k7fPsf] u'gf;f] g]kfnLx?n] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
o;} kf;kf]6{ gjLs/0f ug{ gkfPs} sf/0f cg' s];L gfds Ps g]kfnLn] kf;kf]6{s} sf/0f cfkm\gf ljljw sfd x'g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ Od]ndf k7fPsf 5g\ .
o;af/]df b"tfjf;df ;Dks{ /fVbf b"tfaf;sf pk-lgof]u k|d'v lbg]z e§/fO{ eGg'x'G5, æ xf] xfdLl;t kf;kf]6{ ;lsPsf] 5 . xfdLn] clt g} cfjZos ePsf JolQm h:tf] b]z 5f8]/ cGoq hfg]x?sf nflu cd]l/sLl:yt cWofudgdf hfg} kg]{x?sf nflu eg] t'?Gt} agfOlbg] u/]sf 5f}+ t/ vf; cfjZos eO gxfn]sf JolQmsf nflu eg] xfdL;Fu kof{Kt dfqfdf kf;kf]6{ gePsf sf/0f kf;kf]6{ lbg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ .Æ eGb} pxfF cufl8 eGg'x'G5, æof] ;d:ofnfO{ xfdL hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] ;dfwfg ug]{ kIfdf ;f]lr/x]sf 5f}+ / g]kfndf g} kf;kf]6{ 5flkP/ gcfPsf sf/0f xfdLn] oxfF kf;kf]6{ gjLs/0f ul/lbg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ .Æ eGb} pxfFn] o;sf af/]df u'gf;f] cfpg' :jefljs} xf] / ca ;s];Dd kf;kf]6{ rf8}+ g} b"tfaf;df cfOk'Ug] s'/f atfpg'eof] . t/ kf;kf]6{ slxn] cfOk'U5 eGg]af/] cem} yfxf x'g g;s]sf] hfgsf/L g]kfnLkf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf pk-lgof]u k|d'v e§/fO{n] lbg''eof] .