|
;dfrf/ ;+If]k 
clen]vfno
df]Qmfgsf] /]i6'/]G6 :tl/otfdf u0fgf
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
lkmnf8]lNkmof, h'nfO{ ^, @))#
x/]s jif{ h'nfO{ rf/ tfl/vssf lbg lkmnf8]lNkmofdf x'g]u/]sf] lu|n /]i6'/]G6x?sf]
vfgf k|ltof]lutfdf kl;{onlu|n /]i6'/]G6sf ;~rfns ljdn df]Qmfg :tl/o /]i6'/]G6df
k/]sf 5g\ .
cf7 jif{cl3 cd]l/sf cfPsf df]Qmfg ;f]xL /]i6'/]G6df sfd ub}{ xfn ;f] /]i6'/]G6
ljut tLg jif{b]lv cfkm}+n] ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLx?4f/f jftf{s} kIfdf hf]8
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, h'g @(, @))#
;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL aLr zflGtjftf{dfkm{t\ ;d:of ;dfwfg xf];\ eGb} cfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf
ljleGg 7fpFdf ;/sf/L kIf / dfcf]jfbL aLr em8k kg{ yfn]kl5 dfcf]jfbLx?sf tkm{af6
cWoIf k|r08n] cfh Ps k|]; jStJo k|sflzt ub}{ cfkm"x? cem} ;+od ePsf] /
ljut jftf{df ePsf ;xdtLx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ cfkm\gf gof+ s'/f eP gof+ r/0fsf]
jftf{df /fVg] b[9tf ;QfkIfaf6 k|blz{t xf]cf];\ eGg] cfu|x ub}{ Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt
u/]sf] 5 .
k|r084f/f hf/L ul/Psf] lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5, b]zdf ljBdfg u[xo'4sf] ;d:ofnfO{
zflGtjftf{ dfkm{t ;dfwfg ug]{ p4]Zosf;fy o'4lj/fd eP/ jftf{k|lqmof cufl8 a9]sf]
cfh kf+r dlxgf k"/f ePsf] 5 . hg;d'bfosf] zflGtk|ltsf] ltj| cfs+IffnfO{
pRr ;Ddfg ub}{ Pj+ b]zdf a9\b} uPsf] j}b]lzs zlQms]Gb|x?sf] cgfjZos rnv]n /
x:tIf]ksf lj?4 jf:tljs b]zeQm / k|hftGqjfbL zlQmx?sf] alnof] Pstfsf] cfjZostf
/ ;+efjgfnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ g} xfdL cToGt lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s jftf{ k|ls|ofdf
;fd]n ePsf] tYo ;j{ljlbQ} 5 . b]zsf] cfjZostf / hgtfsf] rfxgfsf] olx dd{nfO{
cfwf/ agfP/ g} xfdLn] o; k6ssf] jftf{nfO{ /0fg}lts dxTjsf] jftf{sf?kdf kl/eflift
ul/ o;df k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ ;Dk"0f{ s[ofsnfk /f]Sg cfGtl/s / ;fj{hlgs?kdf
;d]t gLlt, lgb]{zg / ckLnx? hf/L u/]sf] tyf tbg';f/ cfr/0f ul/Psf] oyfy{ klg
s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . t/, xfd|f] of] lhDd]jf/Laf]w / u+eL/tfnfO{ ;QfkIfsf] tkm{af6
k|f/Deb]lv clxn];Dd slxNo} klg u+eL/tfk"j{s lnPsf] b]lvPg .
cf}krfl/s jftf{ k|ls|of z'? gx'+b} zfxL ;]gfn] s~rgk'/sf] Pp6f uf+pdf zflGtk"j{s
al;/x]sf] hg;]gfsf] Ps 6's'8LnfO{ 3]/f xfn]/ ;z:q sAhf ug]{b]lv b]zel/ g} r]lsË,
w/ks8nfO{ hf/L /fv]/ k|f/Ded} o'4lj/fd / jftf{sf] ;kmntfdf k|Zg lrGg v8f ug]{
sfd eof] . b]z / hgtfsf] j[xt/ lxtsf nflu ;QfkIf;+u To; k|sf/sf cjfl~5t s[ofsnfk
/f]Sg cfu|x ub}{ xfdL cfkm\gf] Wofg jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] s'/fdf g}
s]Gb|Lt ub}{ cfof}+ . jftf{ rln/x]s} a]nfdf ;d]t zfxL ;]gfaf6 bfr'{nf, cf]vn9'Ëf,
dsjfgk'/, /fd]5fk nufot b]zsf ljleGg efudf cToGt sfo/tf / lgn{Hhtfk"j{s
xfd|f] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x?sf] xTof ug]{ sfd eof] . Tof] l:yltdf :jefljs?kn] jftf{nfO{
;xh agfpg zfxL ;]gfsf pk/f]Qm s[ofsnfkdfly /f]s nufpg clgjfo{ lyof] . ctM bf];|f]
r/0fsf] jftf{df olx k|Zgdf 5nkmn s]Gb|Lt ul/ zfxL ;]gfsf ultljlwnfO{ Aof/]ssf]
kf+r ls=dL= jl/kl/ ;Lldt /fVg], xfd|f] kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? t'?Gt l/xf ug]{
Pj+ a]kQf kfl/Psfx?sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ug]{ / s|dzM l/xf ub}{ hfg] ;xdtL eof]
. bf;|f] r/0fsf] of] ;xdtL;+u} ;QfkIfleq pTkGg ljjfb, ;+s6 / ;/sf/ kl/j{tgsf
gf6sLo 36gfs|dn] cfh l;+uf] jftf{ k|ls|ofg} nfjfl/z aGg uPsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfn]
pQm ;xdtLsf] ;fj{hlgs lj/f]wdfq u/]sf] 5}g ckLt"M emg cfs|fds eP/ b]zsf
ljleGg efudf bdg / xTofsf] >[ªvnfnfO{ a9fO/x]sf] 5 . hfh/sf]6df ePsf]
;fd'lxs xTof / ef]hk'/sf] xTof o; s|dsf kl5Nnf pbfx/0fx? x'g\ . cflv/ s;sf]
lgb]{zg / O;f/fdf zfxL ;]gf cfh cd]l/sL xltof/n] b]zeQm g]kfnLx?sf] xTof ug{
/ jftf{ c;kmn kfg{ xtfl/Psf] 5 < cfh k|To]s :jfledfgL g]kfnL hgtfsf] Xbodf
of] u+eL/ k|Zg p7]sf] 5 . ;QfkIfaf6 of] k|Zgsf] ;d"lrt hjfkm cfd g]kfnL
hgtfn] rflx/x]sf 5g\ .
zfxL ;]gfsf tdfd pQ]hgfTds s[ofsnfksf afjh"b xfdL cem} klg jftf{nfO{ Pp6f
tfls{s lgisif{;Dd k'¥ofpg hf]8 ul//x]sf 5f}+ . b]zsf cufl8 ljBdfg d"ne"t
/fhg}lts d'4fx?df axz g} gul/ jftf{ e+u x'g' Pp6f 7"nf] lj8Dagf x'g] 5
. of] l:yltdf jftf{ k|ls|ofnfO{ gof+ ult k|bfg ug{ /fli6|o hLjgsf ;a} If]qaf6
tfstk"0f{ kxnsbdL clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . Jofks hgbafj lagf zflGtjftf{ cufl8
hfg c;+ej x'+b} hfg yfn]sf] 5 .
ctM of] ;+j]bgzLn 3l8df xfd|f] kf6L{ b]zleq / aflx/sf tdfd hgkIfLo Pj+ zflGtsfdL
/fhg}lts zlQm tyf cfd hg;d'bfo;+u jftf{ ef8\g] if8oGqsf lj?4 cfjfh p7fpg hf]8bf/
ckLn ub{5 . ljut jftf{df ePsf ;xdtLx?nfO{ sfof{GJog ub}{ cfkm\gf gof+ s'/f eP
gof+ r/0fsf] jftf{df /fVg] b[9tf ;QfkIfaf6 k|blz{t xf]cf];\ eGg] xfd|f] cfu|x
5 .
lj1lKtsf] cGtdf, dfcf]jfbL4f/f k|sflzt ckLn / cfu|xnfO{ sdhf]/Lsf?kdf a'em\g]
e"n s;}n] gu/f];\ eGg] csf]{ ljz]if cg'/f]w ;a} kIf;Fu k|r08n] ug'{ePsf]
5 .
ca cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? l/n] cg;gdf
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, h'g @(, @))#
k|ltufdL zfxL 3f]if0ff lj?4 zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] kfFrf}+ r/0fsf]
sfo{qmd cGtu{t cfh @$ 306]] clglZrt sfnLg l/n] cg;g k|f/De ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt Pj+ zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf sdf08/ lul/hfk|;fb
sf]O/fnfn] cfh ljxfg !)M#) ah] df]/Ë lhNnfdf l/n] cg;gdf a:g] cg;gsf/Lx?nfO{
km"ndfnf / cla/ nufO{ z'esfdgf lbg' e} cg;g z'ef/De u/fpg' eof] . df]/Ësf]
zxLb d}bfg cufl8 ePsf] pQm ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ sf]O/fnfn] eGg'eof]- æof]
cg;g b]zJofkL x'Fb}5 . clxn]sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] rl/q @)$^ ;fnsf] eGbf leGg 5 .
of] cfGbf]ng /fhfn] ;+ljwfg ljkl/t sfo{ u/]sfn] rflnPsf] cfGbf]ng xf] . /fhfsf]
lj?4 x/]s ju{ / tKsfnfO{ of] cfGbf]ngn] ;+rflnt u/]sf] 5 . l/n] cg;gnfO{ cfWoflTdsjfb;Fu
ufF;]/ ef}ltsjfbsf] pknlAw k|fKt x'g] x'Fbf oL b'j} sfo{ ;fy} lnP/ hfFbf dfq
;kmn eO{G5 . @))& ;fndf qmflGtsf] lju'n km's]sf] 7fpF lj/f6gu/ ePsf]n] d
cfh oxfF cfPsf] 5' . /fhfaf6 ePsf] e"n ;Rofpg' kb{5 . of] cfGbf]ng ta;Dd
lg/Gt/ rln/xG5 ha;Dd hgtfsf] clwsf/ kmls{b}g . of] d]/f] ;+sNk xf] .Æ
df]/Ëdf cfh l/n] cg;g a:g]x?df g]kfnL sfFu|]; df]/Ësf ;efklt tyf /fli6"o
;efsf ;f+;b czf]s sf]O/fnf, /fdaxfb'/ yfkf, s]zj a:g]t, dw'afa' ltjf/L, df]xdb
d'Vtf/ ldofF g]kfnL sfFu|];sf tkm{af6 x'g'x'G5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf tkm{af6 g/]z
kf]v/]n, df]xg pbf;, afa'/fd sfsL{, wdf{gGb ;+h]n, /d]z a:g]t x'g'x'G5, hgdf]rf{
g]kfnaf6 of]u]Gb| 9sfn, g]dlskfaf6 >LsfGt l3ld/] / g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{af6
afa'gGbg ofbj x'g'x'G5 .
sf7df8f}+sf] /Tgkfs{df g]kfnL sfFu|];sf dxfdGqL Pj+ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltsf
;+of]hs ;'zLn sf]O/fnfn] cfh ljxfg !!M#) ah]af6 l/n] cg;gsf] z'ef/De ug'{ePsf]
5 . cfhsf] l/n] cg;gdf a:g] cGo g]tfx?df g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;x-dxfdGqL uf]ljGb/fh
hf]zL, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fdrGb| kf}8]n, g]kfnL sfFu|]; sf7df8f}+sf ;efklt lty{/fd
8+uf]n, xl/af]n e§/fO{, dfz{nh'n'd zfSo, >L/fd >]i7 / g]skf -Pdfn]_
sf s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7 x'g'x'G5 .
nlntk'/df g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o g/xl/ cfrfo{sf] g]t[Tjdf cfh ljxfg (M))
ah]af6 l/n] cg;g k|f/De ePsf] 5 . cfhsf] l/n] cg;gdf ;xefuL x'g]x?df g]kfnL
sfFu|]; nlntk'/sf ;efklt hut/fh zfSo, >LdtL sdnf df:s], k|]ds[i0f dxh{g,
>LdtL zf/bf lrqsf/, cgGt >]i7 / lx/faxfb'/ kf}8]n x'g'x'G5 .
eQmk'/df g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nId0fk|;fb l3ld/]sf] g]t[Tjdf cfh ljxfg
(M)) ah] l/n] cg;g k|f/De ePsf] 5 . cfhsf] l/n] cg;gdf ;xefuL x'g]x?df g]kfnL
sfFu|]; eQmk'/sf ;efklt n]vgfy Gof}kfg], an/fd nfld5fg], /fhf/fd v8\sf, p4j
v8\sf, /fwf Gof}kfg], rl08sf /fo -cfrfo{_, sNkgf /fhynf, k|lj0f a'9fyf]sL, dfwjk|;fb
nfld5fg], uf]kfnk|;fb kf]v/]n, bL3{dfg >]i7 / lstL{axfb'/ v8\sf x'g'x'G5
. ;fy} pxfFx?nfO{ ;fy lbgsf lgldQ * 306] l/n] cg;gdf a:g] cGo dxfg'efjx?df ;'/yaxfb'/
s]=;L=, sdnaxfb'/ yfkf, zf/bf emf, dw';'bg Gof}kfg] / /Tgs'df/L /fgf x'g'x'G5
.
To;}u/L b]zsf cGo ljleGg efux?df klg l/n] cg;g z'? ul/Psf] hfgsf/L g]kfnL sf+u|];sf
tkm{af6 zf]efs/ k/fh'nL4f/f k|]l;t lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
l8=;Ldf g]kfnL rnlrq Æg'dfkm'u+Æ sf] k|bz{g
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, h'g @(, @))#
cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehg, ;':s]/f 86 sd, g]kfn
xf]/fOhg, / g]klnh :6'8]06 Pzf]l;o;g hh{ d];g o'lgel;{6Lsf] ;+o'Qm tTjfjwfgdf
h'g @*, zlgjf/sf lbg k|jf;L g]kfnLsf nflu ljZjAofkL g]kfnL efiff lzIf0f cleofgsf]
;xof]ufy{ g]kfnL rnlrq Æg'dfkm'u+Æ sf] k|bz{g u¥of] .
hh{d]zg o'lgel;{6Ldf k|b{zg ul/Psf] s/La !!) ldg]6 nfdf] pQm rnlrq x]g{ :yfgLo
g]kfnL ;d"bfosf ;fy} l/rdf]08 tyf gy{ Sof/f]lngfb]lv cd]l/sL bz{s ;d]t
pkl:yt ePsf lyP .
k|:t't rnlrq ;d;fdlos g]kfnL Jofj;flos rnlrq eGbf cToGt leGg, snfTds, g]kfnsf]
lnDa' hghfltsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ cGToGt oyfy{k/s 9+un] k|:t't ul/Psf] b]lvGYof] .
g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf] k|a4{gdf o; ls;dsf rnlrqx?sf] k|bz{gn] 7"nf]
6]jf k'Ug] ck]Iff cGt/f{li6|o ;flxTo ;dfhn] u/]sf] 5 .
rnlrq k|bz{g x'g' cl3 lgb]{zs gjLg ;'Aafn] rnlrqsf] kl/j]zaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg'
ePsf] lyof] eg] k|bz{g kl5 rnlrqn] lbg vf]h]sf] ;Gb]z Pj+ cGo ljljw kIfsfaf/]df
bz{sx?n] /fv]sf lh1f;fx?sf] hjfkm lgb]{zs ;'Aafn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f] qmddf bz{sx?n] o; k|sf/sf] pTs[i6 rnlrq agfPsf]df lgb]{zs ;'AafnfO{ xflb{s
awfO{ lbPsf lyP . k|:t't rnlrqsf] k|bz{g cg];f;Jbf/f ;+rflnt g]kfnL efiff /
;flxTo;DaGwL tLg lbg] ;d/ SofDksf] klxnf] lbgsf] sfo{qmd xf] . To;}u/L bf]>f]
/ t]>f] lbg klg g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL ljleGg z}lIfs k|ltof]lutfsf]
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] s'/f cg];f;sf cWoIf k'? ;'j]bLn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf]
5 .
k|ltudgsf] k'tnf hnfOof]
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, h'g @$, @))#
sf7df8f}+ . d'n'ssf kfFrj6f k|d'v /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] ;~rfng u/]sf] k|ltudgsf
lj?4sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] kfFrf} r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] lbg d+unaf/ d'n'se/L
g} k|ltudgsf la?4 k'tnf hnfpg] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ g]skf Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo
hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng ;ldlt4f/f k|sflzt hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/ a'n]l6gdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
/fhwfgLsf] k'tnL;8saf6 ;'? ePsf] k'Tnf hnfpg] sfo{qmddf g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf g]tfx?
cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, e/tdf]xg clwsf/L, O{Zj/ kf]v/]n, s]zj a8fn, ;'jf; g]Djfª,
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf g]tfx? s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nf, g/xl/ cfrfo{, /fdz/0f dxt, cfdf]bk|;fb
pkfWofo, hgdf]rf{sf g]tf lrqaxfb'/ s];L nufot kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ / hgtfsf] ;xeflutf
/x]sf] lyof] . k'tnf k'tnL;8saf6 hnfpg ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] . k|x/Lsf] ca/f]wsf
afah'b afuahf/, /Tgkfs{, ef]6flx6L, OGb|rf]s / Go"/f]8df h'n';n] leGgfleGg}
k'tnf hnfPsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L nlntk'/sf] nugv]naf6 ;fFem %=#) ah] ;'? ePsf] k'tnf-h'n'; hfjnfv]n;Dd
k'u]/ ljleGg 7fpFDff k|ltudgsf] k'tnf hnfPsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmddf Pdfn] g]tfx?
l;l4nfn l;+x, uf]kfn zfSo, /3' kGt, dw';'bg kf}8]n nufot kfFr} bnsf g]tf / sfo{stf{x?sf]
pkl:yt lyof] . To;}u/L cfh} eQmk'/ l7dLsf] afo\vf ahf/ / ;"o{d9Ldf k'tnf
hnfpg] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L wflbËdf vfgLvf]nf, dn]v', wflbËj];L
/ ;Nofg6f/df z+v km'Sb} h'n'zn] k'Tnf hnfpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .
b]zsf cGo efux?dWo] ag]kf, rf}tf/f, r/Lsf]6, vfFbjf/L, wgs'6f, rGb|u9L, lj/f6gu/,
Og?jf, /fhlj/fh, l;/xf, hgsk'/, uf}/, sn}of, aL/u~h, x]6f}8f, e/tk'/, a'6jn,
kfNkf, kf]v/f, uf]vf{, afUn'Ë, bfË, g]kfnu~h, ;'v]{t, wgu9L, l;nu9L,
dx]Gb|gu/ nufot clwsf+z lhNnf ;b/d'sfd / d'Vo zx/x?df k|ltudgsf] k'Tnf hnfO{
;"o{axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ k|wfgdGqLdf lgo'Qm ug'{ klg k|ltudgs} lg/Gt/tf ePsf]
7x/sf ;fy cfGbf]ngnfO{ cuf8L a9fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 .
o;}aLr g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;lrj /fh]Gb|k|;fb kf08]n]
Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ lj1lKtdf eGg'ePsf] 5, - ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo
k|hftGqdf 5' eGg] / cfkm'v'lz ug{ g5f]8\g] /fhfsf] :j]R5frf/L sbdnfO{ lgoGq0f
ug{ hgtfn] c? s7f]/ ;+3if{ ug}{ k5{ . To;}sf nflu kfFr kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 cl3
;fl/Psf kfFrf} r/0fsf sfo{qmdx? - c;f/ !# ut]sf] sf7df8f}+sf] ls;fg ¥ofnL,
c;f/ !^ ut]sf] b]zJofkL d;fn h'n'z, c;f/ @@ ut]sf] b]zJofkL o'jf- laBfyL{ h'n'z,
c;f/ @* ut]sf] b]zJofkL ?kdf a'l4hLjL tyf k]zfut ;+u7gx?sf] g]t[Tjdf x'g] lj/f]w
¥ofnLdf Aofks ;xeflutf a9fO{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmn agfpg ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{
xflb{s cfJxfg ul/G5 . ;fy} k|ltudgsf lj?4df / /fhfsf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs ug{ dfu
ug]{ laifodf b]zJofkL ?kdf ul/g] x:tfIf/ cleofgdf cfkm" klg ;fd]n x'g]
/ a9L eGbf a9L hg;d'bfonfO{ ;fd]n u/fpg e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;d]t sfo{stf{x?nfO{
jStJodfkm{t\ cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 .
cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df g]kfnL sfFu|];
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, h'g @$, @))#
cfGbf]ngsf/L kfFrbn dWosf] Ps g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] c;f/ * / ( ut] a;]sf] s]Gb|Lo
sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sn] zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng @)^) sf] k[i7e"ld,
b[li6sf]0f / cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] gLlt kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .
cu|ufdL ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf] d'Vo sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf g]kfnL sfFu|];n]
eg]sf] 5 -
cfh;Ddsf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df cf}lrTo, cfjZostf / jf:tljstfnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fvL
g]kfnL sf+u|]; nufot ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+o'Qm
cfXjfgdf k|f/De ePsf] jt{dfg hgcfGbf]ng dfk{mt\ g]kfnL hgtfsf] Jofks ;xeflutf
/ rfxgfcg'¿k g]kfnL sf+u|];, s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sn] @)%( ;fpg @%
ut] kfl/t u/]sf] cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf nflu kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmd Pj+ d'n'ssf]
hl6n ;+j}wflgs / /fhgLlts k/l:yltnfO{ ;d]t ulDe/tfk"j{s b[li6ut u/L ljljw
;dodf u/]sf kf6L{ lg0f{ox¿nfO{ PsLs[t ub}{ d'n'ssf] ;du| If]qdf cu|ufdL
lbzf k|bfg ug{ ljleGg ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf] d'Vo sfo{qmd to u/]sf] 5
.
8L;Ldf ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, h'g @$, @))#
Ps]8]dL ckm g]kfnL kf]O6\; P08 /fO6;{, jfl;+ª6g 8L;Lsf] cfof]hgfdf h'g
@! Tffl/v cfOtaf/ ;fFem g]kfnaf6 cfPsf snfsf/x?4f/f k|:t't ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd
8L;L d]6|f]kf]ln6g If]qsf] x'O6g xfO:s'ndf ;DkGg eof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf g]kfnaf6 cfOk'u]sf tyf :yfgLo snfsf/x? qmdzM ;'lSdt u'?ª,
;kgf kl/of/, z'e afxfb'/ nufotsf snfsf/x?n] dgf]/~hg k|bfg u/]sf lyP .
pQm ;fFem ;DkGg sfo{qmddf :yfgLo snfsf/ ;f/+uf >]i7n] cfkm\gf] g[Todfkm{t\
bz{sx?sf] dg lhTg ;kmn ePsL lyOg\ eg] snfsf/ ;'gLn pk|]tLn] cfkm\gf] uLt tyf
/fhf/fd kf}8]nn] cfkm\gf] xfF:o sljtf kf7 u/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmddf Go'of]s{df /x]sf g]kfnL snfsf/x? qmdzM /fhsk'/, g'R5] 8+uf]n, lzlz/
>]i7n] ;fy lbPsf lyP .
k|fljlws sf/0f b]vfO{ lgwf{l/t ;doeGbf sl/j b'O{ 306f l9nf] z'? ul/Psf] pQm
sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?sf] ;+Vof cfof]hsx?n] cfzf u/]eGbf lgSs} sdL /x]sf] b]lvGYof]
.
sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f]if0f /jL nfld5fg] u/]sf lyP .
g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] pQm 6f]nLn] o;cl3 Go'of]s{ / sf]nf]/f8f]df cfkm\gf] ;f+uLlts
sfo{qmd k|:t't ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] csf]{ sfo{qmd 6]S;f;df ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
g]kfn e|d0f ug{ ;lsg]
g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L h'g @$, @))#
cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6n] cfkm\gf gful/sx?nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf
sf/0f g]kfn e|d0f gug{ ;Nnfxf lbb}+ cfPsf] lyof] . cd]l/sfn] cfkm\gf gful/sx?
g]kfn ghfpg\ eg]/, g]kfn e|d0f ug{sf nflu hf]lvdk"0f{ ;"rLdf /fVb}
cfPsf] lyof] . xfn cfP/ cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] g]kfnnfO{ e|d0f ug{ ;lsg] ;"rLdf
/fv]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL tyf ;/sf/sftkm{af6 jftf{ k|lqmof yfngL ePotf cd]l/sL ;/sf/n]
cfkm\gf gful/sx?nfO{ g]kfn e|d0fsf nflu hfg s'g} ;d:of gePsf] s'/f cfOtaf/ k|sflzt
jfl;+ª6g kf]i6n] :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6nfO{ pb[t ub}{ pQm ;dfrf/ k|sflzt u/]sf]
5 .
k|jf;Lx? g]kfnsf nflu df]rf{ s:g yfn]
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
d'DaO{, h'g @@, @))#
g]kfndf /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;+o'Qm ?kdf kfFr /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;~rfng
ul//x]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ef/tdf /x]sf k|jf;L g]kfnLx? klg k|ltudgsf lj?4df pqg]
ePsf 5g\ .
pQm s'/f k|jf;L g]kfnL ;+3 ef/tsf] d'DaOl:yt s]Gb|Lo sfof{no d'n'08df k|jf;L
g]kfnL ;+3 -ef/t_, g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldlt / clvn ef/t g]kfnL :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf
k|ltlglwx?sf] ut h'g !% df a;]sf] ;+o'Qm a}7sn] pQm s'/f kfl/t u/]sf] xf] .
;f]xL a}7sn] k|jf;L g]kfnL ;+3 -ef/t_sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxfsf/ lji0f' lu/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
!* ;b:oLo ;ldlt ;d]t u7g u/]sf] 5 . o; ;ldltsf] ;lrjdf g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldltsf
s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ l;+x / sf]iffWoIfdf clvn ef/t g]kfnL :jtGq ljBfyL{
o'lgog klZrd ef/t If]qLo ;ldltsf cWoIf ;'lgn /fjn /xg'ePsf] s'/f ;ldltn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{
hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
o; ;ldltnfO{ ;zQm ?kdf n}hfgsf nflu tLgj6} ;+u7gsf ;b:ox? /xg'ePsf] 5 h;df a;Gt/fh
clwsf/L, 8Da/ /fjn, sdn sfsL{, dfltaxfb'/ s];L, afns[i0f 9sfn, lul//fh a]Naf;],
z'qm/fh ltjf/L, kb\daxfb'/ e§sfhL, uf]ljGb ltjf/L, wgaxfb'/ zfxL, b]jL
l;+x v8\sf, Clif/fd zdf{, v8\sl;+x ad, r]jg lu/L / cfgGb e§/fO{ /xg'ePsf]
5 .
pQm a}7sn] g]kfndf rln/x]sf] ;+3if{sf nflu cGo ;+3 ;+u7gx?sf] klg ;xof]usf]
ck]Iff ub}{ cfkm\gf] df]rf{aGbLdf ;b:o ;+Vof a9\g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
df]rf{df ;fd]n x'g ;a}nfO{ cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .
;f] a}7ssf] cWoIftf g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldltsf ;+:yfks kb\daxfb'/ e§sfhLn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] a}7ssf] ;~rfng ;ldltsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ l;+xn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
ljut @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf ;dodf klg k|jf;df a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7gs} k|of;df
ef/tsf] klZrdL e]udf a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} d'DaO{df !% xhf/ eGbf
a9Lsf] ;+Vofdf h'n'z u/L dxf/fi6| /fHosf tTsflng d'VodGqL zb/rGb|hL kjf/nfO{
g]kfnsf] k|hftGqsf nflu 1fkgkq lbPsf lyof] .
e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x? z;Qm cfGbf]ngdf pqg]
lu/Lz kf]v/]n
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, h'g @@, @))#
g]kfnsf] k"jL{ If]qdf ljut !@ jif{b]lv Ps nfveGbf a9L e"6fgLx?n] z/0ffyL{
hLjg latfO/x]sf e"6fgL gful/sx?dWo] s]xLnfO{ dfq e"6fgn] z/0ffyL{sf]
bhf{ lbPsf]df z/0ffyL{x?n] 5fgljgsf] Jofks lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ .
e"6fgsf cGo /fhgLlts tyf dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] klg z/0ffyL{ k|lqmofsf]
Jofks lj/f]w ub}{ cfGbf]ngdf ;fy lbg cGt/f{li6|o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yfx?;Fu
;d]t ckLn u/]sf 5g\ .
ptf e"6fgsf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf tyf e"6fgdf k|hftGq :yfkgf ug{sf nflu
lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;+3if{ ub}{ cfpg'ePsf g]tf 6]sgfy l/hfnn] æca xfdL k'gM cGt/f{li6|o
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yf tyf ljZjsf cGo g]tfx?;dIf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf
nflu cfjfh p7fpgsf nflu cg'/f]w ub}{ cfGbf]ngsf nflu cufl8 a9\g]Æ hfgsf/L
g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'eof] .
xfn ef/tsf] l;lnu'9Ldf pkrf/ u/fO/xg'ePsf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf 6]sgfy l/hfn g]kfn
;/sf/ / e"6fg ;/sf/aLr ePsf] jftf{af6 5flgPsf s]xL e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?nfO{
dfq e"6fg kmsf{pg] s'/fsf] lj/f]w ub}{ e"6fg ;/sf/ olb z/0ffyL{x?k|lt
;fRr} g} lrlGtt 5 eg] ;a} gful/sx?nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
ljutdf e"6fgaf6 wkfpg] JolQmnfO{ klg sf/jfxL x'g'kg]{ / e"6fgaf6 nv]l6Psf
;a}nfO{ ;dfg ?kdf z/0ffyL{sf ?kdf b]z kmsf{pg'kg]{ s'/f g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf
g]tf l/hfnn] atfpg'eof] .
cfkm"nfO{ ljutdf /fhfn] æ6]sgfy l/hfnn] blIf0f e"6fgdf ePsf
g]kfnLx?sf] hldg e"6fg ;/sf/n] vf];]/ ef]ln 8'SkfnfO{ lbG5 eGg] grflxbf]
s'/f u/]/ hgtf / ;/sf/aLr dte]b v8f ug{ nfu]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufpFb} sf/jfxL
u/]sf] xf}+ .Æ eGg] kq lbPsf] atfpFb} clxn] blIf0f e"6fgaf6 v]lbPsf
gful/sx?sf] 3/, hldg ;a} vf];]/ k"jL{ / pQ/L e"6fgLx?nfO{ lbPsf] k|i6
ePsf] s'/f pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
l/hfnn] ca xfdLnfO{ ljZjsf cGo cGt/f{li6|o ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] klg lg;fkm lbg x'g
cg'/f]w ug'{eof] .
b]zdf dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg eof] eGbf xfdLnfO{ cft+sjfbLsf] bhf{ lbP/ y'Gg], oftgf
lbg] / b]z lgsfnf ug]{ h:tf] sfd ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lyof] eg] cfh cfP/ lxhf]sf ltg}
v]b\g] JolQmx? hf] /fhfsf sfsf lyP clg xfnsf u[xdGqL hf] Tolta]nf u[x ;lrj lyP
To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ /fhfn] sf/jfxL gug]{ xf] / z/0ffyL{ kms{g] xf] eg] s;/L ljZjf;
ug]{ ls kms]{sf z/0ffyL{x? ;'/lIft x'G5g\ < eGg] k|Zg l/hfnn] /fVg'eof] .
olb b]zdf sfg'gL /fh 5 eg] v]b\g] JolQmnfO{ klg sf/jfxL x'g'k/\of] eGb} xfdLn]
o'ogPr;Lcf/ h:tf ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] klg o;sf af/]df af]lnlbg pxfFn] cfu|x ug'{eof]
.
g]tf l/hfnn], æof] xfd|f] dft[e"ld x/0f ePsf] d'4f xf] xfdL cfGbf]ng
cjZo u5}f{ eGb} of] ;fRr} egF' eg] k}t[s ynf] x/0f ug'{ eg]sf] r]nLa]6LnfO{
anTsf/ u/] h:tf] d'4f xf] eGg'eof] . s;}n] xfdLnfO{ e]8f afv|f h:tf] u/]/ juL{s/0f
u/]/ slxn] of] bhf{df k/\of} slxn] pm bhf{df k/\of] eg]/ s'g} ljkIfLn] xfdLnfO{
ljb]zL agfpg rfx]sf] d'4fnfO{ xfdL :jLsf/ ub}{gf} / xfdL ;a} dfgjclwsf/jfbL
;+:yf / /fhgLlts bnx? Ps eP/ cfGbf]ng ug]{ 5f}+ .Æ eGg'eof] .
cfGbf]ngsf] :j?k s:tf] x'G5 t < ls g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx?s} h:tf] cfGbf]g ug]{
xf] t eGg] k|Zgdf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf l/hfnn] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fu eGg'eof], dfcf]jfbL
eGg] ljifodf cfkm"nfO{ s]xL yfxf gePsf] atfpFg'eof] . l/hfnn] Psflt/ e"6fg
;/sf/n] cfkm}+n] b]zdf cft+s km}nfP/ blIf0f e'6fgaf6 Ps nfv dfG5] v]lbP eg]
csf{tkm{ lu|ga]N6 elgPsf] 7fpFdf cft+sjfbL a]N6 agfOof] . ef/tsf sltko cft+sjfbLx?nfO{
ToxFf a;f]af; u/fOPsf] cfhef]ln kqklqsfx?df cfO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
;/sf/ g} cft+sjfbL eO/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] h;/L xltof/ lnP/ hgtfdfly cft+s km}nfof]
xfdL To;/L g} cft+s km}nfP/ ToxfFsf] hghLjgdf s'g} cfFr cfpg] sfd ug{ eg] grfx]sf]
atfpg'eof] . t/ dfgjclwsf/sf] If]qdf kg]{ hlt klg cfGbf]ngx? 5g\ tL ;a} ug{
tof/ 5f}+ eGb} zflGtk"0f{ h'n'z, ljZjsf ljleGg /fi6| k|d'vx?sf] ;xof]u
dfUg], lj/f]w ug]{ h:tf sfdx? ug{ yfNg] hfgsf/L l/hfnn] lbg'eof] .
ca cfkm"x?n] e"6fgleq / aflx/lt/ ;a} vfn] cfGbf]ng ug]{ tof/L ul/x]sf]
s'/f klg pxfFn] 6]lnkmf]g jftf{sf qmddf atfpg'eof] .
z/0ffyL{ hLjg ljtfO/x]sf z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ z/0ffyL{;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6|o sfg'g
yfxf gx'gfn] ubf{ o;k|lt cGt/f{li6|o ;d'xx?n] ;xof]u ug]{ cf;f /fv]sf] klg pxfFn]
atfpg'eof] .
cd]l/sfsf] bjfj
o;}u/L ptf cd]l/sfn] klg g]kfndf /x]sf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] ;d:of ;'Nemfpgsf
nflu x/t/x k|oTg ul//x]sf] s'/f cd]l/sLl:ylt :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6af6 yfxf ePsf] 5
.
cd]l/sf nufot ljleGg cGo bft[ /fi6|x?n] af/Daf/ o'PgPr;Lcf/ nfO{ z/0ffyL{ ;d:of
;dfwfgsf nflu e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ lbg'k5{ eGg] bjfjnfO{ eg] e"6fg ;/sf/n]
cem};Dd klg ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0fn] x]l//x]sf] 5}g .
o;} lznlznfdf cfpFbf] dlxgfleqdf a'; k|zf;gsL blIf0f Pl;of dfldnf x]b}{ cfpg'ePsL
lqml:6gf /f]Ssfn] e"6fg e|d0f ug]{ of]hgf alg/x]sf] s'/f klg yfxf x'g cfPsf]
5 .
e"6fgdf Sofgl8og b"tfaf; v'Ng]
ptf e"6fgsf] bft[ /fi6| Sofgf8fn] eg] e"6fgdf cfkm\gf] /fhb"tfjf;
vf]Ng] tof/L ul//x]sf] s'/f yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .
e"6fgdf lsg o;/L Sofgf8fn] b"tfjf; vf]Ng] ePsf] xf] yfxf x'g ;s]sf]
5}g .
z/0ffyL{x? kms{g ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g
of] z/0ffyL{x?sf] juL{s/0f s;/L ul/of] s;}nfO{ klg yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eGb}
csf{ e"6fgL o'jf g]tf ljZj If]qL eGg'x'G5, clxn]sf] of] juL{s/0faf6 z/0ffyL{x?nfO{
s;/L nlug] xf] Tof] klg k|i6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;/L juL{s/0f ul/Psf z/0ffyL{x?
;d]t e"6fg kms{g ;Sg] l:ylt g/x]sf] s'/f ;d]t ljZj If]qLn] g]kfnLkf]i6;Fusf]
s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'eof] .
jif{el/sf] k9fO wfGgsf nflu ldlxg]t ub}{5g\ g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?
lu/Lz kf]v/]n
d]l/Nof08 -j;gl;6L_, h'g !*, @))#
jfl;+ª6g 8L;Laf6 k"j{ / em08} c9fO 306fsf] nfdf] 8"fOleª
b"/Ldf /x]sf] P6nflG6s dxf;fu/sf] lsgf/ j;gl;6L ;d'Gb|Lt6 udL{ofddf 5'l§
dgfpg hfg]x?sf nflu /dfOnf] ;d'Gb|Lt6sf ?kdf dflgG5 .
elh{lgof / 8]n]j/ /fHosf] ;Ldfgfdf /x]sf] pQm ;d'Gb|Lt6 d]l/Nof08 /fHodf k5{
.
 of] ;dGb|Lt6 k"jL{ cd]l/sL /fHosf afl;Gbfx?sf nflu udL{ofddf s]xL lbg kl/jf/;lxt
/dfOnf] ug{ hfg]x?sf nflu t Tolts} :ju{ 5 To;df klg xfd|f em08} Ps xhf/eGbf
a9L g]kfnL 5fq tyf 5fqfx?sf nflu cyf]{kfh{gsf] b[li6sf]0fn] Tolts} dxTjk"0f{
;d'Gb|Lt6sf ?kdf ljut 5 ;ft jif{b]lv lrlgb}+ cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfnL 5fq 5fqfx?sf nflu o; cy{df klg of] t6n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf]
5 ls oxfF tLg dlxgfsf] udL{ofdel/ sfd u/]/ Ps jif{ sn]h vr{ wfGg ;Sg] x'gfn]
of] ;d'Gb|L lsgf/;Fusf] ;DaGw g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?sf nflu cem uf9f x'Fb} uPsf] 5
.
5]p 5fpsf elh{lgof, jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, d]l/Nof08, 8]n]j/ /fHodf /x]sf g]kfnL
ljBfyL{x?dfq sfdsf] vf]hLdf ToxfF k'Ub}gg\ oxfF t Soflnkmf]lg{ofb]lv 6]S;f;
clg 6]g];L, cnfjfdf, cf]xfof] nufotsf ljleGg /fHodf /x]/ cWoog ul//x]sf ljBfyL{x?
jif]{gL cfP/ tLg dlxgf udL{ ofddf 9'Ss} sfd ug{ cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnLx? hxfF hfG5g\ ToxfF pgLx? sfddf OdfGbfl/tf b]vfpF5g\ To;}n] ubf{ ut ;fnsf]
udL{ofddf sfd u/]sf] 7fpFdf p;sf] OdfGbfl/tfsf sf/0f k'gM ;f]xL JolQmnfO{ k'/fg}
sfddf lng] / tnj klg ut jif{eGbf a9fP/ lbg] x'gfn] klg g]kfnLx? udL{ofddf cGoq
sfd ug{ hfg'sf] ;§fdf ;f]xL ;d'Gb|L lsgf/df cfP/ sfd ug{] ub{5g\ .
To;f] t ;f] If]qsf x/]s k;n / /dfOnf] ug]{ :yfgx?df g]kfnLx? gePsf k;n / :6nx?
sd} x'G5g\ . udL{ofddf em08} @$ ;} 306f v'Ng] ;f] If]qsf xf]6n tyf k;nx?df k'Ug]
hf]sf]xLn] klg g]kfnL e]6\g ;S5 .
Pp6f ljBfyL{n] tLg dlxgfdf sd;]sd klg 5 xhf/ 8n/b]lv cf7 xhf/ 8n/;Dd sdfpg]
u/]sf] x'G5 . h'g /sd jif{ el/sf] k9fOnfO{ e/y]u ug{sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ x'g
cfpF5 . cfkm\gf] vr{sf nflu Tof] ljBfyL{n] k'gM s]xL ;do ;DalGwt sn]hdf g} sfd
u/]/ cfkm\gf] k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf] x'G5 . To;f] t jif]{gL j;gl;6Ld} cfP/
sfd ub}{ sn]haf6 :gfts ug]{x?sf] ;+Vof klg cfhef]ln a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .
Toltdfq x}g sltko g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?n] eg] cfkm\gf] k9fO;d]t 5f8]/ ;f]xL j;gl;6Ld}
sfd} dfq u/]/ a;]sf klg e]l6G5g\ .
j;gl;6Ldf cfpg] ljBfyL{x?n] ToxfFsf] sfdnfO{ cfsf;] sfdsf ?kdf lnOPtf klg ToxfF
k'u]kl5 h'g;'s} ljBfyL{n] klg sfd kfpg Tolt uf/f] gx'g] x'gfn] klg udL{ofddf
g]kfnaf6 cfPsf gofF gofF ljBfyL{x? klg ToxL+ sfd ug{ k'u]sf kfOG5g\ .
g]kfndf :s'n] ljBfyL{sfndf 5'6]sf ldqx?dfq e]l6b}gg\ gofF gofF g]kfnL ldqx?sf]
e]63f6 x'g] / udL{sf] /dfOnf] ljt]s} yfxf gx'g] s'/f sf]nf]/f8f]af6 sfd ug{
cfPsf Ps ljBfyL{ atfpF5g\ .
a;fO s:tf] x'G5 <
ToxfF b'O6f sf]7fsf] tLg dlxgfsf] ef8f slDtdf cf7 xhf/ 8n/b]lv bz xhf/ 8n/;Dd
kg{ hfG5 . To;df !) b]lv !@ hgf;Dd a:g'kg]{ x'G5 . Ps ljBfyL{n] tLg dlxgfsf]
a;fO{df nueu ! xhf/b]lv !@ ;o;Dd sf]7f ef8fdf vr{ ug{ hfG5 eg] cGo vfgfsf] vr{
vf;} Tolt w]/} gkg]{ x'gfn] klg ToxfF sfd ug{ k'Ug]x?n] vr{ hf]ufpg] u/]sf]
s'/f :yfgLo Ps lkhf :6f]/df sfd ug]{ g]kfnL ljBfyL{n] g]kfnLkf]i6;Fusf] e]6df
atfP . Ps JolQmn] lbgdf b'O{6f sfd u/]sf] x'G5 . pgLx?n] hDdf lbgsf] !@ 306fb]lv
!^ 306f;Dd sfd ul//x]sf e]l6G5g\ .
sf]7fdf k|foM ;'Tg] ;do ;a}sf] cnu cnu x'g] x'gfn] klg sf]7fsf] a;fO{df pgLx?nfO{
vf;} cK7f/f] dx;'; x'Fb}g .
To;f] t g]kfnLx? hlt sfd v6]/ u5{g\ pgLx? df]h klg plQs} u/]sf x'G5g\ . ;ftfdf
Ps k6s g]kfnLx? Psfk;df e]63f6 x'g] / /dfOnf] klg ul/x]s} x'G5g\ .
d]xgtL g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?aLr Psfk;df d]nldnfksf] efjgf /x]sf] kfOG5 . oxfF sfd
ug{ k'Ug] ljBfyL{x?sf] :jf:Yo aLdf x'Fb}g tfklg cfkm\gf] Hofgsf] ljz]if Vofn
ub}{ pgLx?n] sfd ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . s]xL syd sfddf g} b'3{6gf eof] eg] klg g]kfnLx?
Psfk;df ldn]/ g} ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ;xof]u k'/\ofO/x]sf x'G5g\ .
To;f] t oxfF k'u]sf em08} %) hgf eGbf a9L g]kfnL 5fqfx?n] ;d]t w]/} ldlxg]t
ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf ;DkGg kl/jf/sf x'g\ jf dWod kl/jf/sf x'g\ pgLx? ;a}df
sfdk|lt lxgtfaf]w 5}g . cfkm\gf] nflu ldlxg]t ug'{kg]{ /x]5 eGg] /fd|f] 1fg
pgLx?n] cd]l/sf l5g]{ ljlQs}b]lv ef]lu/x]sf x'G5g\ To;}n] klg of] tLg dlxgfdf
pgLx? xQkQ sfd afx]s c? s'g} km';{bsf] ;do lgsfNb}gg\ .
oxfF cfpgsf nflu xjfO hxfhb]lv lnP/ u|]xfp08 a; jf cfkm}+ 8"fOleª
u/]/ k'Ug ;lsG5 . oxfF cfOk'Ugsf nflu /]n ;]jf eg] pknAw 5}g . To;f] t :yfgLo
oftfoftsf] ;fwfg ;d]t ;j{;'ne ePsf sf/0fn] ubf{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf sfd
ug{ hfgsf nflu ;d]t Hofb} ;lhnf] /x]sf] 5 .
oxfF Psfw g]kfnLx?n] cGo g]kfnLx?sf] ;d]t abgfd u/fpg vf]h]sf klg 5g\ æk};f
b]v]kl5 dxfb]jsf klg tLg g]qÆ eg]em}+ ut ;fn Ps g]kfnL ljBfyL{n] cfkm"
sfd ug]{ 7fpFaf6 rfnL; xhf/ 8n/ s]xL lbgs} aLrdf hDdf ug{ ;kmn eP5g\ t/ ;DalGwt
dflnsnfO{ z+sf nflu k|x/L NofO{ lghsf] vfgtnf;L ubf{ pgsf] sf]7af6 ;a} /sd lgl:sPsf]
36gfn] cGo g]kfnLx?nfO{ em08} em08} c;/ ;d]t kfg{ gvf]h]sf] klg x}g t/ g]kfnLx?
Psfw To:tf eP eGb}df ;a} x'Fb}gg\ eGg] ljZjf; c?n] lhTg ;s]sf sf/0f oxfF cfOk'Ug]
g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?n] ;lhn} sfd kfO/x]s} 5g\ .
To;f] t of] 7fpF g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?dfq sfd ug{ cfOk'Ug] 7fpF eg] x}g . udL{ofdsf]
5'§Ldf k};f sdfpgs} nflu eg]/ o'/f]kLog d'n'saf6 xHhf/f}+ ljBfyL{x? sfd
ug]{ le;f g} lnP/ cfOk'u]sf x'G5g\ . hf] tLg dlxgfe/ sfd u/]/ k'gM cfkm\gf]
cfkm\gf] d'n's kmls{G5g\ .
t/ df};dn] o;k6s eg] Tolt /fd|f] ;fy glbPsf sf/0f s]xL g]kfnL ljBfyL{x? ToxfF
3/sf] ef8f ltl/;s]sf sf/0fn] klg hj/h:tL a:g'kl//x]sf] u'gf;f] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\
. o;k6ssf] df};dsf] v/fjLn] ubf{ g]kfnL ljBfyL{x? Tolt ljut jif{x?em}+ ;Gt'i6
b]lvb}gg\ .
sf]nf]/f8f]af;L Gofgf] cfltYosf nflu k|ltIff/t
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g !* h'g, @))#
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7g æb P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kflnh\ Og b cd]l/sfh\Æ
-P=Pg=P_ sf] @! cf}+ ;Dd]ng cfufdL h'nfO{ dlxgfsf] $, % / ^ tfl/vsf lbg cd]l/sfsf]
;'Gb/ /fHo sf]nf]/f8f]sf] 8]ge/ zx/df x'g uO/x]sf] 5 .
em08} kfFr xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf cd]l/sf tyf Sofgf8fdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] ;xeflutf
x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] ;f] ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ug{ sf]nf]/f8f]af;L g]kfnLx?sf tkm{af6
/SsL dfpG6]g k|m]08;\ ckm g]kfn gfdsf] ;:yfn] ;Dk"0f{ t}of/L k"/f
ul/;s]sf] s'/f sf]nf]/f8f]af6 kqsf/, ;ld{nf zdf{n] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ k7fPsf]
;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
kqsf/, zdf{sf cg';f/ ToxfF x'g uO/x]sf] ;Dd]ngnfO{ ljz]if cfsif{s / /d0fLo agfpgsf
nflu /SsL dfpG6]g k|m]08;\ ckm g]kfnsf ;efklt gjLg bQsf cg';f/ ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL
x'g cfpg] g]kfnL cltlyx?sf nflu vfg, a:g / b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu s'g} emGem6 em]Ng'
gk/f];\ eGg] clek|fon] To;sf nflu 5'§f 5'§} :jo+;]jsx?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 .
;df/f]xnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf] nflu ;xefuLx?nfO{ xf]6nsf] k|j]z4f/d} /lh:6|]zgsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . /lh:6|]zgnfO{ clgjfo{ eg] ul/Psf] 5}g . /lhi6|]zg u/]df eg]
k|To]s sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL x'Fbf ;x'nLot k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
cfof]hsx?n] ;Dd]ngsf] cfsif{0fsf nflu g]kfnaf6 xfF:o snfsf/ dbgs[i0f >]i7
/ xl/a+z cfrfo{nfO{ k|xzg k|:t't ug{sf nflu af]nfPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L o'jf ufos
/fds[i0f 9sfn, gjLg e6[/fO{ / s'GtL df]Qfgsf uLtx?n] klg ;xefuLx?nfO{ cfgGb
k|bfg ug{]5g\ eGg] s'/fdf cfof]hsx? 9'Ss 5g\ .
To;}u/L g]kfnaf6 s]xL ;flxTosf/x?n] klg sfo{qmddf efu lng cfpg] ePsf 5g\ .
uLt ;+uLt , xf+:o k|x;g, ;flxTo uf]i7L , v]ns'b tyf jfn aRrfx?sf] nflu w]/}
g} cfsif{0f ag]sf] ls8\; SofDk o; ;Dd]ngsf] /dfOnf sfo{qmdx? x'g . o;k6ssf]
ls8\; SofDkdf afn aRrfx?sf] cfu|xnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ækmf]6f] ;];gÆ
sf] klg Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
;Dd]ngdf dlxnf kqsf/ zld{nf zdf{4f/f g]kfnL snf, ;+:s[tL / wd{sf] af/]df lvlrPsf
snfTds kmf]6f]x?sf] k|bz{gL ul/g] ePsf] 5 . kqsf/ >LdtL zdf{n] o;cl3 hfkfg
nufot d'n'sx?df k|bz{gL ul/ k'/:s[t tL kmf]6f]x? ;+d]ng sIf cuf8L /flvg] ePsf]
5 .
oxL ;Dd]ngn] cfpg] b'O{ jif{sf nflu æP=Pg=PÆ sf] g]t[Tj rogsf] klg
3f]if0ff ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
k|ltudgsf lj?4 gf/fafhL
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, h'g !#, @))#
kfFrj6f /fhgLlts kf6L{x?4f/f ;~rfng x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] k|ltudgsf lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngsf]
rf}yf] r/0fdf h'g !# ut] z'qmaf/sf lbg sf7df8f}+ nufot b]zsf ljleGg efudf /fhtGq
tyf jt{dfg ;/sf/sf lj?4 gf/fafhL ePsf] s'/f g]skf -Pdfn]_4f/f k|sflzt lj1lKtdf
hgfOPsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+sf] /Tgkfs{af6 ;'? ePsf] h'n'z afuahf/, k'tnL;8s, zxLbu]6, gofF;8s,
c;g, ef]6flx6L x'Fb} /Tgkfs{df k'u]/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . k|/fo';+3sf
dxf;lrj /ljGb| clwsf/Ln] æ/fhfn] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf cfjfhnfO{ s'Nrb} cem}
cl3 a9\5g\ eg] clGtddf g]kfnd} /xg ;Dej x'g] 5}g . To;}n] /fhgLltaf6 /fhf k"0f{
cnu eP/ /xg'k5{Æ eGb} ;efsf] ;dfkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm h'n';df g]skf Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/L,
cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, OZj/ kf]v/]n s]zj a8fn, /fh]Gb| kf08], ;'jfz g]Djfª,
/fh]Gb| >]i7, g]sfFsf ;'lzn sf]O/fnf, ch'{g g/l;+x s];L, / hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf
lrqaxfb'/ s];Lsf] klg ;xeflutfdf /Tgkfs{af6 ;'?ePsf] pQm h'n'zdf æ;+ljwfg
ldRg kfOb}g, lg/+s'z /fhtGq rflxb}gÆ, æ/fhkl/jf/sf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs
u/Æ, æcfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] ;/sf/ u7g u/Æ eGg] gf/f nufpFb} sl/a
kfFrxhf/sf] h'nzdf kfFrj6} kf6L{;Fu ;Da4 o'jf, t?0f, ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?sf] ;xeflutf
lyof] .
cfh} ptf hgsk'/df klg h'n'zn] ljxfg gu/ kl/qmdf u¥of] . ;f] :yfgdf cfGbf]ngsf/L
kf6L{x?sf] tkm{af6 kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L eflj sfo{qmd af/] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof]
. wgu9Ldf klg tLg :yfgaf6 h'n'z lg:sL Ps 7fpFdf uO{ ;ef ;DkGg eof] . To:t}u/L
kf]v/fdf ;d]t h'nzn] gu/ kl/qmdf u¥of] . /fhlj/fhdf ;Dk"0f{ SofDk;
/ ljBfno aGbu/L h'nzn] gu/kl/qmdf u¥of] . dx]Gb|gu/df cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?4f/f
lgsflnPsf] h'n'zdfly k|x/Ln] xdnf u/L k|/fo';+3 gu/ sld6L cWoIf / t?0f bnsf
lhNnf ;b:o ;lxt ;ft hgfnfO{ 3fOt] agfPsf] s'/f klg ;f]xL lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf]
5 .
o;}u/L b]zsf d'Vo zx/x? rGb|u9L, lj/f6gu/, wgs'6f, Og?jf, ufO3f6, l;/xf, jL/u~h,
x]6f}8f, gf/fo0fu9, a'6an, bfË, g]kfnu~h, l;nu9L nufot b]zsf ;a} lhNnfsf
;b/d'sfd / d'Vo d'Vo gu/x?df t?0f o'jf ljBfyL{sf] h'n'z ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_n]sf s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng ;ldltsf ;lrj /fh]Gb|
kf08]4f/f k|sflzt pQm lj1lKtdf cfGbf]ng/t kfFr kf6L{leqsf s]xL g]tfx?n] cfGbf]ngsf
lj?4 / k|ltufdL zfxL sbdnfO{ d2t k'Ug] u/L s]lx lbg otf jQmJo, efif0f cflb ul//x]sf]
;Gbe{df cfGbf]ng sld6L ;Dk"0f{ sfo{stf{, ;dy{s, z'e]R5'sx?nfO{ s]Gb|Lo
hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldltn] cl3 ;f/]sf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn agfpg / To:tf e|dk"0f{
cfGbf]ng lj/f]wL egfO{x?;Fu k|efljt geO cufl8 a9\g klg ;f]xL jQmJodfkm{t\ cfXjfg
u/]sf] 5 .
To:t} k|ltudgsf lj?4 b]pjf sf+u|];n] klg z'qmaf/s} lbg ¥of/L u/L lj/f]w
hgfPsf] 5 .
zdf{sf] d[To'
g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
Jffl;+ª6g 8L;L, h'g )*, @))#
gf/b zdf{ gfd u/]sf jif{ $@ sf Ps g]kfnL elh{lgofl:yt cfkm" a:b} cfPsf]
ef8fsf] sf]7fsf] :gfg?dleq d[ts cj:yfdf ut # tfl/v d++unaf/ km]nf k/]sf 5g\
.
Ps >LdtL / 5f]/fsf afa' zdf{sf] d[To'sf] sf/0f cem} v'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g . d[tssL
>LdtLsf cg';f/ zdf{ s]xL ;dootfb]lv cTolws dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{ / cfkm"nfO{
s'6lk6 ug]{ u/]sfn] cnUu} a:b} cfPsf] s'/f g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ atfOg\ .
cnUu} a:b} cfP klg slxn]sfxL+ nf]Ug];Fu e]63f6 ug]{ qmddf d+unaf/ nf]Ug]sf]
8]/fdf k'Ubf nf]Ug] afy?ddf nl8/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfkm"n] b]v]/ tTsfn} k|x/LnfO{
va/ u/]sf] s'/f d[tssL >LdtLn] atfOg\ .
g]kfnuGh 3/ eO{ ljut 5 ;ft ;fnb]lv cd]l/sfdf /xFb} cfPsf d[ts zdf{sf Ps 5f]/f
g]kfnd} 5g\ . zdf{sf] zjnfO{ kl/If0fsf nflu h'g ^ tfl/v;Dd elh{lgofs} cfln{ª6g
xl:k6ndf /flvPsf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbLx?4f/f ;8s / jftf{ cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg] cfu|x
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
h'g %, @))#
b]zsf] gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] j}wflgs / g}lts x}lzot nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGbsf] eGbf
km/s gx'g] s'/f g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfb_sf tkm{af6 k|r084f/f hf/L ul/Psf]
jQmJodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
h]7 @@ ut] hf/L ul/Psf] elgPsf] pQm lj1lKtdf k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf]
gfd ;d]t st} pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g .
To;}u/L jQmJodfkm{t\ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r08n] cfhsf] ;+j]bgzLn 3l8df
b]zsf k|d'v ;+;bjfbL Pj+ ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm / hgkIfLo zlQmx?;Fu ;QfkIfsf] s"6Ln
v]nsf] e|ddf gk/L gof+ ;+ljwfgdfkm{t\ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] Pp6} gf/f cGtu{t
;8s / jftf{sf] df]rf{df cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;a};Fu cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .
jQmJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æb]zdf tTsfn cu|ufdL / ;du| /fhg}lts lgsf; clgjfo{
ePsf] cfhsf] ;Gbe{df j}b]lzs zlQm s]Gb|x?sf] :jfy{ / lgb]{zgdf k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn]
k|wfgdGqL abNg] gf6s d~rg u/]/, sfo{sf/L clwsf/sf] sfg"gL s"ts{;lxt
k|ltudgnfO{ æ;"b[9Æ ug]{ / b]znfO{ clgi6sf/L 4Gb / d"7e]8
lt/ ws]Ng] if8oGqsf] k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 .Æ
;f]xL jQmJodfkm{t\ dfcf]jfbLx?n] k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn], hg;d'bfosf] zflGt / k|ultsf]
cfs+Iff cg';f/ cufl8 cfPsf] o'4lj/fd / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug]{ tyf jftf{df
ePsf ;xdltsf] sfof{GJog ub}{ ;du| jftf{ k|s[ofnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ cfjZos u+eL/tf
/ tbf?stfdf xf]O{g, pN6} ækm'6fp / ;fzg u/Æ sf] s'l6n v]ndf g} cfkm'nfO{
s]lGb|t ul//x]sf] cf/f]k klg nufPsf] 5 .
;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|hftflGqs ljlw4f/f gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ P]ltxfl;s?kn]
cfjZos eO;s]sf] cfhsf] l:yltdf b]z / b'lgofn] b]Vg] ul/ cfkm}n] xTof u/]sf]
;+ljwfgsf] nf;nfO{ k|ltudgsf] /Iff sarsf?kdf k|of]u ug]{ w[i6tf eGbf 7'nf] cg}ltstf
/ lj8Djgf c? s] x'g ;S5 < eGg] k|Zg ub}{ jQmJodf lj36Lt ;+;bsf] k"g:yfkgf
/ ;+ljwfgsf] s[oflzntfsf] s'/f u/]/ …uf]? Aofpg] cfzfdfÚ, gof+ ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fsf lgldQ cfGbf]ng clgjfo{ gb]v]sf k|d'v ;+;bjfbL bnx?sfnflu of] kl/36gf
Pp6f 7"nf] gsf/fTds lzIff aGg uPsf] pNn]v 5 .
36gfs|dn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] Go"gtd /fhg}lts k|:tfjsf] hgkIfLo cf}lrTo / dxTjnfO{
;zQm 9+un] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] s'/f klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
xfdLn] klxn] g} :ki6 u/]sf 5f}+ ls ljBdfg l:yltdf b/jf/n] hf] s;}nfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf]
6Lsf nufP klg tflTjs?kn] To;sf] j}wflgs / g}lts x}lzot nf]s]Gb| a= rGbsf] eGbf
km/s x'g] 5 }g . jftf{sf] 6]a"ndf p;k|ltsf] xfd|f] gLlt klg klxn]sf] h:t}
/xg]5 .
cGtdf, k|wfgdGqL abn]/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGt / k|ultsf] cfs+Iffdfly aGb]h nufpg]
;kgf b]Vg aGb u/]/ clanDj jftf{ ;kmn kfg]{ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ dfcf]jfbLx?n]
;QfkIf;Fu ljz]if cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .Æ
gofF ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g gug]{ Pdfn]sf] lg0f{o
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, 8L;L h'g %, @))#
hgcfGbf]ngsf/L k|d'v kf6L{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] k|wfgdGqL kbdf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf]
lgo'lQmnfO{ k|ltufdL sbds} lg/Gt/tf 7x/ u/]sf] s'/f g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng
;+rfng ;ldltåf/f k|sflzt hgcfGbf]ng a'n]l6gsf] ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . pQm
a'n]l6gsf] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ h'g % df ;DkGg Pdfn] :yfoL sld6Lsf] a}7sn] u/]sf] lg0f{odf
k|i6 elgPsf] 5 - æk|wfgdGqL rGbsf] /fhLgfdf kZrft\ kfFr /fhgLlts bnsf]
k|:tfj tyf yk Ps bnsf] ;dy{gnfO{ nTofP/ :j]R5frf/L 9+un] gofF k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm
ul/g' k|ltufdL sbds} lg/Gt/tf xf] .Æ
a}7s kZrft\ Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnosf ;lrj cd[ts'df/ af]x/fåf/f hf/L lj1lKtdf
pNn]v 5 - æg]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ bnx?sf] e"ldsfnfO{
pk]Iff ug]{ of] k|j[lQ ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq lj/f]wL :j]R5frf/L
xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g ug{ g;Sg] s''/f k|i6}
5 .Æ
jQmJodf hgcfGbf]ngsf] dfu / gf/fdf ca k'gM ;+of]hgsf] cfjZostf cf}NofpFb} elgPsf]
5 - k'/fgf] k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf / gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] lgo'lQm kZrft\ pTkGg ;fgfltgf
x]/km]/nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ cfGbf]ngsf dfu / gf/fsf] k'gM ;+of]hg cfjZos ePsf] 5
. cfGbf]ng/t kf6L{x?;Fusf] k/fdz{kl5 cfGbf]ngnfO{ emg\ Jofks / ;'b[9 t'Nofpg
k|ltudg lj/f]wL dfu / gf/f k'gM ;+of]hg ul/g] klg jQmJodf hgfOPsf] 5 .
kf6L{ dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] pQm a}7sn] zfxL k|ltudgsf
lj?4 lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efsf /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;+rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ngn] rGb ;/sf/sf]
/fhLgfdf u/fPsf] / k|ltufdLx?sf] e08fkmf]/ u/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ o;nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf]
pknlAwsf ?kdf a}7sn] lnPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ng/t kf6L{x? aLrsf] PstfnfO{ cem} ;'b[9
t'Nofpg k|hftGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf kIfw/ ;+ul7t zlQmx?nfO{ cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL
u/fpg ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ lgisif{ klg a}7sn] lgsfn]sf] hfgsf/L pQm a'n]l6gdf
k|sflzt ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 .
dxf;lrjnfO{ dft[zf]s
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, h'g %, @))#
g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnnfO{ dft[zf]s k/]sf] s'/f g]skf -Pdfn]_
s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltåf/f k|sflzt hgcfGbf]ng a'n]l6gdf df hgfOPsf]
5 . pxfFsL cfdf b'uf{b]jL g]kfnsf] h'g % tfl/v lbpF;f] !M%% ah] &* jif{sf]
pd]/df kz'klt cfo{3f6df lgwg ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf klt d+uns'df/ pkfWofo / tLg 5f]/f
tyf tLg 5f]/L x'g'x'G5 .
pxfFsf] cfh} kz'klt cfo{3f6df cGTo]li6 ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . cGTo]li6df g]skf -Pdfn]_
sf g]tf, sfo{stf{, ;dy{s-z'e]R5's / cGo kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] klg pkl:ylt lyof]
.
zf]ssf] o; 38Ldf g]kfnLkf]i6 kl/jf/ zf]s ;GtKt dxf;lrj kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf
JoQm ub}{ lbj+ut >LdtL b'uf{b]jL g]kfndf xflb{s >4f~hnL k|s6 ub{5 .
hfkfg / g]kfnsf ;dfrf/ ca j]a k]hdf
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
6f]lsof], h'g #, @))#
hfkfgdf cWoog/t tyf k"j{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] k|of;df g]kfn / hfkfg;Fu ;DalGwt
;dfrf/ OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 x]g{ ;lsg] j]a k]h vf]lnPsf] 5 . j]a k]hsf] 7]ufgf
g]kfnhfkfg 86 sd /flvPsf] 5 . ut cfOtaf/ z'? ePsf] pQm k]h hfkfgsf nflu sfo{jfxs
/fhb"t df]xgs[i0f >]i7n] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm k]hsf l8hfOg/
tyf ;Dkfbs s'df/ a:g]tsf cg';f/ pQm g]kfnhfkfg 86 sd ljZjsf h'g;'s} s'gfaf6
g]kfn / hfkfgsf ;dfrf/ x]g{ ;lsg]5 . pQm j]a k]hdf g]kfn-hfkfg ;DaGwsf af/]df
hfgsf/L, sl/a @) ;+:yfsf] kl/ro, ljBfyL{sf] lglDt 5fqa[lQ cflbsf] hfgsf/Lsf]
;lxt hfkfgdf g]kfnLx?sf] Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] hfgsf/L, n]v /rgf ;dfj]; ul/Psf] 5
. gofF c+sdf dfcf]jfbL g]tf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f / snfsf/ dgf]h uh'/]nsf] cGtjf{tf{klg
;d]t ;dfj]z 5 .
dNnsfnLg zx/sf] ;+/If0fdf P]ltxfl;skg hf]ufpg cfu|x
ljdn g]kfn
af]:6g h'g )!, @))#
ljZj ;Dkbfdf k/]sf] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf dNnsfnLg zx/x?sf] ;+/If0f / k'glgdf{0fdf
o;sf] P]ltxfl;skgnfO{ arfpg g;lsPsf]df ;Da4 Pjd\ cGt/f{li6|o JolQmTjn] lrGtf
JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3Lo, z}lIfs, j}1flgs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+u7g;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ ;g\
!(^@ b]lv sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;+/If0fdf s[ofzLn xfj{8{ o'lgel;{l6sf k|f]km];/ P8j8{
;]Sn/n] a'waf/ oxfF cfof]lht Ps 5nkmn sfo{qmddf ;f] s'/f JoQm ug'{ePsf] xf]
.
pxfFn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfx?nfO{ ljZjs} dxTjk"0f{ gLlw atfpFb}
o'g]:sf]sf] ljZj ;Dkbf sGe]G;gn] tof/ kf/]sf] gLltleq /x]/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf
zx/x?sf] ;+/If0f / k'gM lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] .
pxfFn] gAa] ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkkl5 k'gMlgdf{0f ul/Psf eQmk'/ tyf kf6g b/jf/
If]qdf o;sf] P]ltxfl;stfnfO{ cfFr k'Ug] u/L s]xL jf:t' ljlw ckgfPsf] s'/fsf]
:nfO8 k|bz{gLdfkm{t\ ;lrq JofVof u/L o:tf uNtL gbf]xf]l/g ;'emfj lbg'eof] .
oL b/jf/ If]q j/k/ ePsf lgdf{0f sfo{af6 o;sf] P]ltxfl;s d"Nodf cfFr cfPsf]
s'/ftkm{ ;r]t u/fpFb} cfw'lgs lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ klg Jojl:yt ul/g'kg]{ atfpg'eof]
.
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf o;sf] jf:t'snf, ;+:s[lt / lxdfn;Fusf] ;flgWotfsf] sf/0fn] klg
ljZjsf cGo ;DkbfeGbf cd"No /x]sf] l6Kk0fL ub}{ o;tkm{ ko{6g k|j4{g ug{
cfjZos k|rf/ k|zf/ gk'u]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
k|f]km];/ ;]Sn/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;+/If0f sf]ifsf Ps ;+:yfks tyf klxnf] cWoIf
x'g'x'G5 . o'g]:sf]sf ;Nnfxfsf/ tyf sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0f
u'?of]hgfsf 6f]nL k|d'v ;d]t /xg'ePsf k|f]km];/ ;]Sn/n] pkTosf ;+/If0f cleofgsf
qmddf !& k6s g]kfnsf] e|d0f ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] uf]/vfblIf0fafx" kbsaf6 ;d]t ;Ddflgt k|f]= ;]Sn/n] kf6g b/jf/
If]q k'gM lgdf{0fdf pNn]vgLo sfo{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
af]:6gl:yt g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:yf u|]6/ af]:6g g]kfnL sDo'lg6Ln] oxfFl:yt xfj{8{
o'lgel;{6Ldf dfl;s ?kdf g]kfn;Fu ;DalGwt o:tf 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ub}{
cfPsf] 5 .
;f] 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs z}n]z u+uf]nn] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zoaf/] k|sfz kfb}{
g]kfn / g]kfnL;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox?df jf}l4s cGt/lqmofsf] nflu ;f] sfo{qmd Ps
jif{b]lv rnfpFb} cfPsf] s'/f atfpg'eof] . k]zfn] l;len OlGhlgo/ u+uf]n s'g}
a]nf g]kfndf o'jf af}l4s ;d'x ædfl6{g rf}tf/LÆ;Fu ;DalGwt x'g'x'GYof]
.
g]kfn / g]kfnLk|lt ?rL /fVg] ljleGg k]zf / Joj;fosf dflg;x?sf] ;xeflutf /xFb}
cfPsf] ;f] 5nkmn sfo{qmd æukmÆdf dfq ;Lldt g/xL af}l4s JolQmTjx?aLr
1fg cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ ynf]sf ?kdf ljsl;t ePsf] cg'ej ;xefuLx?sf] /x]sf] 5 .
;+;bjfbL g]tf k|wfgdGqL ag]df abgfd Oltxf;sf] k'g/fj[lQ ug]{ dfcf]jfbLsf] 7x/
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, h'g )! @))#
ljleGg j}b]lzs zlQm s]Gb|x?sf] v'Nnf x:tIf]k / rnv]n Pj k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ljleGg
/fhgLlts u'6x?sf] /fli6|o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL rl/qsf sf/0f, b]zdf :jtGq /fhgLlts
lgsf;sf] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfsf lj?4 u+eL/ if8oGqx? eO/x]sf] s'/f g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf k|r084f/f x:tfIf/ /x]sf] d] #! sf lbg k|sflzt lj1lKtdf
hgfOPsf] 5 .
xfn} k|wfgdGqL rGbn] lbPsf] /fhLgfdfsf] k|ltlqmof :j?k ljtl/t pQm k|]; jQmJodf
cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æPp6f ;fj{ef}d b]zsf] :j lg0f{osf] clwsf/nfO{ :yflkt
u/L j}b]lzs rnv]n/ x:tIf]k /f]Sg] tyf jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 zflGtk"0f{ 9+un]
cfly{s, /fhgLlts / ;f+:s[lts cu|udg ;lxt jf:tljs cy{sf] /fli6|o Pstf / k|hftGq
xfl;n ug]{ cfd hg;d'bfosf] cfsf+Iff / xfd|f] kf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/ k"0f{ kxnsbdLsf
lj?4 ljb]zL zlQms]Gb|x?s} lgb]{zgdf slxn] zfxL ;]gfsf sdf08/x?sf] lj/f]wsf]
?kdf t slxn] k|wfgdGqL abNg] v]nsf ?kdf To; k|sf/sf] if8oGq eO/x]sf] tYo s;}af6
l5k]sf] 5}g .Æ
jQmJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æb]zdf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] ;du| /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg]
k|d'v sfo{;"rLnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfg]{ ul/ zfxL;]gfsf sdf08/x?sf] 8n/sf] jfGtf
jf k'/fgf] ;Qfdf k|wfgdGqL abNg] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df abgfd v]nsf] k'g/fj[lQ, @!cf}+
ztflAbsf ;r]t g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;}Xo x'g] 5}g .Æ
cTolws ax'dt hg;d'bfosf] cfjZostf, cfsf+Iff / efjgfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ cfkm\gf]
kf6L{n] ljBdfg l:yltdf b/jf/4f/f lgo'lQm ul/g] s'g] klg k|wfgdGqLsf] j}wflgs
/ g}lts x}l;ot nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] eGbf km/s gx'g] / Tof] ;/sf/k|ltsf] gLlt
klg rGbk|ltsf] gLlteGbf s'g} km/s gx'g] atfpFb} To;k|sf/sf] s';L{df ul/g] x]/km]/n]
b]z / hgtfsf ljs/fn ;d:ox?sf] s'g} klg ;dfwfg ug{ g;Sg] s'/f klg ;f]xL jQmJodf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jtGqtf / kl/jt{gsf] cfs+IffnfO{, ljb]zL zlQm
s]Gb|x?sf] bafj / O;f/fdf k"/fg} ;Qfdf ;+s6sfns} h:tf] /fhg}lts ;lds/0f4f/f
bafpg] w[i6tf, g]kfndf cem eofgs /Stkft dRrfpg] j}b]lzs if8oGq afx]s c? s]xL
x'g g;Sg] s'/f pNnv] ub}{ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] lgldQ hgcfGbf]ngsf] cem al9 cfjZostf
eO/x]sf] cfhsf] ;Gbe{df of] jf Tof] slyt ;+;bjfbL g]tf k|wfgdGqL aGg uPdf To;n]
abgfd Oltxf;sf] k'g/fj[lQ afx]s c? s]xL ug]{ 5}g, ckLt" To;af6 ;+;bjfbLx?sf]
cfGbf]ngsf] wDsLsf k5f8L n"s]sf] s";L{sf] v]nnfO{ dfq k|df0fLt ug]{
s'/f klg jQmJodf pNn]v5 .
pQm jQmJosf] cGtdf elgPsf] 5, æxfn b]zdf k|wfgdGqL abNg] v]n xf]Og, b]zn]
tTsfn ;du| /fhg}lts lgsf; rfx]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbsf] O;f/fdf rNg] cfTd;dk{0fjfbL
;Qf xf]Og, b]zn] cfd g]kfnLx?sf] zL/ 7f8f] ug]{ /fli6|\otf / k|hftGqsf] prfO
rfx]sf] 5 . cGtdf k|ltudg / oyfl:ylt xf]Og b]zn] cfd"n kl/jt{g rfx]sf]
5 . jftf{ / /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] sfo{;"rLnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfg]{ k"/fgf]
;Qfsf s'g} klg rfn g]kfnL hgtf / xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ dfGo x'g] 5}g . lglZrt\?kdf
xfdL jftf{ / ;du| /fhg}lts lgsf;k|lt u+eL/ 5f} t/, o;sf] cy{ jftf{ / /fhg}lts
lgsf;sf] sfo{;"rLnfO{ kl5 kfg]{ tyf To;nfO{ c;Lldt?kn] nDAofpg] rfnx?nfO{
r'krfk ;xG5f} eGg] klg xf]Og . ct M xfd|f] kf6L{, b]zsf] d"n /fhg}lts d'4fdf
k"/fgf] ;QfnfO{ s]Gb|Lt ug{ Jofks hgbafjsf lgldQ cfd hg;d'bfo ljz]iftM
zxl/of hg;d'bfo Pj+ ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm / hgklIfo zlQmx?;+u xflb{s ckLn ub{5
.Æ
Dof;]r';]6df w'dkfgdf k|ltaGw
ljdn g]kfn
af]:6g, h'g )! @))#
oxfFsf] /fHo ;+;bn] d] @( sf lbg Ps sfg'g kfl/t u/L Dof;]r';]6 /fHoe/Lsf sfd
ug]{ 7fpdf w'dkfgdfly k|ltaGw nufOlbPsf] 5 . o;cl3 ;fj{hlgs :yndf w'dkfgdfly
k|ltalGwt eP klg /]i6'/]G6 tyf af/df w'dkfg v'Nnf lyof] .
of] /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ /]i6'/]G6, af/ nufot s'g} klg sfd ug]{ 7fpFdf w'dkfg
u}/sfg'gL ePsf] 5 .
o;/L w'dkfgdfly k|ltaGw nufpg] cd]l/sL /fHox?df Dof;]r';]6 kfFrf}+ :yfgdf kg{
cfPsf] 5 . o;cl3 Soflnkmf]lg{of, Go'of]s{, 8]nj]o/ / sg]l6s6 /fHox?n] w'dkfgdfly
k|ltaGw nufO;s]sf] 5 .
o;af6 of] /fHosf xhf/f}+ /]i6'/]G6 tyf ljz]ifu/L af/x?sf] Jofkf/df g/fd|f] k|efj
kg]{ 7flgPsf] 5 . o; lg0f{oaf6 /]i6'/]G6 tyf af/df sfd ug]{x? :jfYosf] b[li6n]
v'zL eP klg cfly{s ?kdf g/fd|f];Fu k|efljt xf]Og] xf] ls eGg] lrGtfn] u|:t 5g\
. of] /fHodf w'dkfgnfO{ b'?T;flxt ug]{ p2]Zon] ut jif{b]lv ;"lt{hGo pTkfbgdf
lgSs} rsf]{ s/ nufOFb} cfPsf] 5 .
cd]l/sfaf6 w/ks8sf] lj/f]w
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, d] @*, @))#
g]kfndf kfFr /fhgLlts bnx? tyf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?4f/f ul/Psf] cfGbf]ngsf] lznlznfdf
h]7 !# ut] d+unaf/ sf7df8f}+l:ylt k'tnL ;8sdf ljBfyL{x?dfly ul/Psf] nf7L rfh{
tyf w/ks8sf] lj/f]w ub}{ w/ks8df k/]sfx?nfO{ t'?Gt l/xfO ul/g'sf ;fy} 3fOt]x?sf]
cf}ifwf]krf/ ul/g'kg]{ dfu g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 o'P;P OsfO{n] /fv]sf] 5 .
g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 o'P;P OsfO{sftkm{af6 Ps ljl1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ g]kfnsf ljBfyL{x?4f/f
ul/Psf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] cfkm"x? ;b}j ;dy{g hgfpFb} hfg] / 3fOt]x?sf]
;d]t ;L3| :jf:Yo nfesf] sfdgf g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 o'P;P OsfO{sf cWoIf ;f]dgfy
l3ld/]4f/f d] @& df k|sflzt lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
a]nfotL g]kfnLx?af6 cfGbf]ngk|lt ;dy{g
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;ª6g 8L;L, d] @*, @))#
a]nfotdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] g]kfndf kfFr /fhgLlts bnx?n] z'? u/]sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt
cfkm\gf] k"0f{ ;dy{g /x]sf] s'/f cfGbf]ng ;xof]u ;ldlt, a]nfotsf tkm{af6
k|sflzt
lj1lKtdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .
pQm lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5, b]zdf Pskl5 csf]{ hl6ntf ul/aL, c;'/Iff, a]/f]huf/L,
qmflGt h:tf] snx cflbn] ufh]sf] a]nfdf hgtfsf clwsf/x?nfO{ s'l07t ub}{ hgtfsf
k|ltlglw k|wfgdGqLnfO{ Ro"t u/L O;f/fdf rNg] dfG5] elt{ u/L /fh ug]{ h'g
kl/kf6L z'? ul/of] To;sf] lj/f]wdf b]zsf lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts bnx?n] z'? u/]sf]
cfGbf]ngk|lt j]nfotaf;L g]kfnLx?sf] g}lts, cfly{s, ef}lts ;xof]u tyf ;dy{g x'g]
jfrf klg lj1lKtdf ul/Psf] 5 .
of] cfGbf]ngn] @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf afFsL /x]sf sfo{x? ;d]t k"/f ug{]
5 eGb} cfGbf]ng ;fy{s /xg] s'/f lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] ljsNk cGo s'g} zf;g cfpg g;Sg] atfpFb} hgtfsf] clwsf/dfly
lu/ v]Ng s;}n] gkfpg] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ lj1lKtsf] Ps k|lt g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLnfO{
;d]t a'emfOPsf] 5 .
/fhb"t /f0ffsf] :jf:Yodf ;"wf/
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, @* d], @))#
;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffsf] :jf:Yodf
qmlds ;'wf/ eO/x]sf] s'/f kfl/jfl/s ;"qaf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .
/fhb"t /f0ffnfO{ ut Ps ;ftfb]lv 8L;Ll:yt jfl;+ª6g xl:k6nsf] g]zgn
l/xfj]l6;g ;]G6/df /flvPsf] / y]/flk:6x?4f/f qmdzM zf/Ll/s Jofofd u/fO/x]sf]
eP klg cem} sltlbgkl5 pQm ;]G6/af6 lgjf; kmsf{Og] xf] yfxf x'g g;s]sf] s'/f
kfl/jfl/s ;"qaf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .
/fhb"t /f0ffnfO{ Go"/f] ;h{g Dr. Zachary Levine sf] g]t[Tjdf a}zfv
* ut]sf lbg 6fpsfsf] klxnf] zNolqmof ul/Psf] lyof] eg] tLa| /Strfksf sf/0fn]
ubf{ zNolqmof ul/Psf] 7fpFdf /ut hDg uPsf x'gfn] ;f]xL lbg bf]>f] k6s klg
k'gM zNolqmof ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] .
/fhb"t /f0ffnfO{ ut a}zfv % ut] z'qmaf/ cfkm\g} lgjf; glhs} ljxfgLsf] lx8fOdf
crfgs a]xf]; ePkl5 pkrf/fy{ jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt hh{ jfl;+ª6g c:ktfn
egf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
snfsf/ dgf]h uh'/]n hfkfgdf xF;fpFb}
k|]ldnf uf}rg tyf /fd e08f/L
6f]lsof], hfkfg d] @^, @))#
g]kfnL ;dfh hfkfgsf] lgdGq0ffdf 6f]lsof] k'u]sf xfF:osnfsf/ dgf]h uh'/]nn] ut
d] # tfl/vb]lv hfkfgsf ljleGg :yfgdf Psn xfF:oJo+Uo sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf
5g\ .
ut d] # df Pa|f a'Gsf, @% tfl/vsf lbg cf]df]/L nufotsf ljleGg zx/df uh'/]nn]
Psn xfF:oJo+Uo sfo{qmd ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
snfsf/ dgf]h uh'/]nsf] sfo{qmd hfkfgdf /x]sf] g]kfnL ljBfyL{x? nufot cGo ;+3
;+:yfx?sf] ljz]if kxndf ;~rfng ul/b} cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfnnfO{ dfof gdf/f}+ eGg] ljz]if ;Gb]z ;lxt hfkfg cfOk'u]sf snfsf/ uh'/]nn]
tLg 306feGbf a9L ;do nuftf/ ?kdf bz{sx?nfO{ k]6 ldlrldrL xF;fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5g\
.
uh'/]nsf] sfo{qmdaf6 pT;flxt ePsf hfkfgdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] cGo zx/x?df ;d]t
pgsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ePsf 5g\ eg] cfpFbf] h'g & tfl/vsf lbg g]kfnL
ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7gn] / cf7 tfl/vsf lbg k"j uf]/vf ;}lgsx?aLr cfkm\gf] Psn
sfo{qmd k|:t'tL ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .
Ufh'/]nsf] hfkfgdf klxnf] k6s sfo{s|d x]/]sf bz{sx?n] 6f]lsof]sf]] sfo{s|d x]l/;s]kl5
gfuf]of / u'Gdf s]g h:tf cGo :yfgdf klg sfo{s|d cfof]hgf x'g] s'/f cfof]hs ;F:yfsf
;Nnfxsf/ ltns dNnn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
o; afx]s snfsf/ uh'/]n hfkfgL efiffsf xf:oAo+Uo snfsf/,n]vs / xf:ok|]dLx? ;Fu
cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg ul//x]sf] s'/f atfpb} g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf eg] -
efiff / leiff ePg eg] rfxL+ hfkfgdf lgs} ufxf/f] kbf]{ /x]5 .
hfkfgsf] klxnf] j]e klqsf g]kfn hfkfg 86 sdnfO{ cGt{jftf{ lbb} Ao+Uo n]vs tyf
snfsf/ dgf]h uh'/]nn] eg]sf 5g\, æd x;fpg dfq oxfF cfPsf] x}g . g]kfnL
snf / ;flxTosf] af/]df k|rf/ klg ug{ cfPsf] xF', Hf'g tkfO{x?sf] X[bodf HoFFFFFF'b}
/x]5 , o;nfO{ dg{ glbgxf]nf .Æ
snfsf/x? t k|foM ot} ufoa x'g] u/]sf5g\ lg . st} tkfO{+ klg =========of] ;+jfbbftfsf]
k|Zg 6'+lug gkfpb} pgn] eg] -w/f]wd{, @# tfl/vdf d}n] zfxL g]kfn afo' ;]jf lgudsf]
l6s6 sGkm{d ul/;s]sf] 5' ._
;du|df eGg'kbf{ nfdf] ;dob]lv hfkfg a:g] g]kfnLx?n] dx jf ;Gtf]if kGt afx]s
cGo xfF:osnfsf/x?sf] af/]df Tolt hfgsf/L /fVb}gg\ lyP . t/ xFf:oAo+Uosf] n]vg,
k|b{zg / k|zf/0f cfbL lzh{gzLn If]qdf ;lqmo dgf]h uh'/]n h:tf snfsf/sf] k|:t'tLaf6
hfkfgdf /x]sf g]kfNfLx?n] k|Zf:t dgf]/GHfg / ;Gb]z k|fKt u/]sf] cg'ej k|To]s
hfkfgdf /x]sf bz{sx?n] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
dgf]h eG5g\,
Gf/] g]b/Nof8 ,;"o{ :jLh/Nof8
d} df]/f]nfO{ Kof/f] nfU5 d]/} db/Nof08
bds ahf/ 8]gdfs{ d]/f] ,;'v{]t l;+ufk'/
sf7df8f} Sofgf8f xf] x}g lem+ufk'/
x]6f}8f g} x+us+u xf] ,a'6jn d]/f] aln{g
Df}n] klg b]z 5f]8] cfdf ?b} dln{g .
cfOt] cfo/Nof08, uf]/] lul/gNof08, d} df]/f]nfO{ Kof/f] nfU5 d]/} db/Nof08
Hf'4] hfkfg hfbf v]/L, d hgsk'/ hfG5'
s'j]t / stf/ sf]l/of, sflnsf]6nfO{ 7fG5'
/f]Nkf hfG5' /l;of eG5', c5fd cd]l/sf
k]l/; klg nfU5 dnfO, kfNkf eGbf lkmsf
OGb|] O+uNof08 ,k'g]{ kf]Nof08 d} df]/f]nfO{ Kof/f] nfU5 d]/} db/Nof8
Dflysf /fi6|k|]dn] cf]tk|f]t zAbx? x'''g xfF:oAo+Uosf n]vs tyf snfsf/ dgf]h
uh'/]nsf . bz{sx?sf] tfnL / dfbnsf] ;fydf of] / /dfOn]f uLt k|:t''t x'Fbf bZf{sx?n]
dgf]/Ghg / /fi6|\k|]dsf] efjgf Ps} ;fy k|:km'l6t ePsf] kfOYof]
hfkfgdf cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd k|Zt't ug]{ s|ddf cfkm\gf] t]>f] sfo{qmd d] @% cfOtaf/
6f]lsof]sf] ;]Oo' xndf uh'/]n ;fem gfds Psn xf:oAo+Uo sfo{s|d ;DkGg ;DkGg u/]sf
5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfh hfkfgsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{s|ddf dgf]h uh'/]nn] cfkm\gf
gofF / k'/fgf sfo{s|d ul/ b'O{3G6f ;Dd Sofl/s]r/, k|x;g / Kof/f]8L k|:t't u/]sf
lyP .
hfkfgaf;L g]kfnLn] ef]u]sf / hfkfgsf] af/]df tof/ agfPsf] pgsf] sfo{qmd :jb]zsf
ls lab]zsf n] bz{snfO{ cem} dgf]/Ghg u/fPsf] lyof] .
b''O{ ;o eGbf a9L bz{sx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] uh'/]]n ;fFemdf bz{sx?n] k|bfg u/]sf]
:j]lR5s /sd xf:oAo+Uo ;+:yf l;:g'kfgL g]kfnnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ s'/f uh'/]nn] bz{sx?nfO{
atfP .
g]kfnL kf]i64f/f g]kfndf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd
Zofd l/dfn -/f;;_
sf7df8f}+, d] !(, @))#
PSsfO;f}+ ztfJbLsf] ljB'tLo o'udf klg zx/L ;dfhdf dfq ;"rgf s]lGb|t /x]sf]
kl/k|]Iodf u|fdL0f ;dfhsf s'gfsfKrfdf /x]sf kf7sx?nfO{ klg nlIft u/L ;"rgf
k|jfx ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .
cfw'lgs ;~rf/ k|ljlw O-kqsfl/tf cyf{t OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]lift ug]{
kqsfl/tf clxn] cGo dfWodeGbf a9L k|efjsf/L x'g] s'/f sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht Ps
cGtlqm{ofdf jQmfx?n] atfP .
sDkgLx?n] OG6/g]6 z'Ns 36fO{ O-kqsfl/tfdf kx'Fr a9fpg d2t ug'{kg]{df ;a} jQmfx?n]
hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
g]kfn-cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3åf/f cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jflzª6g 8L;Laf6 k|sflzt
x'g] g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sd gfds OG6/g]6 klqsfåf/f sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht æg]kfnsf]
;Gbe{df O-kqsfl/tfsf] cfjZostf / cf}lrToÆ ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n]
;f] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf x'g\ .
sfo{qmddf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnosf ;lrj d's'Gb zdf{ kf}8\ofnn] ;/sf/n]
ljB't / 6]lnkmf]g nfOgh:tf cfwf/e"t k"jf{wf/x?sf] lj:tf/ u/L u|fdL0f
If]qdf ;"rgf ;dfhsf] lj:tf/ / O{-kqsfl/tf k|jfxsf nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f
lgdf{0f ug]{tkm{ ;f]Rg'kg]{ a]nf cfO;s]sf] pNn]v ug'{eof] .
g]kfnL kf]]i6 86 sdsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs tyf g]kfn-cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3sf cWoIf lu/Lz
kf]v/]nn] :jb]z / ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?aLr ;dfrf/ tyf efjgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{
;g\ @))! cu:6b]lv g]kfnL kf]i6n] e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L lb+b}
;fdflhs / cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu O-kqsfl/tfsf] dxTj /xg] atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L k|wfg ;Dkfbs kf]v/]nn] g]kfnsf kqklqsfx?sf nflu g]kfnL kf]i6df k|sflzt
;dfrf/x? k'gM k|sfzg ug{ 5'6 lbOPsf] t/ k'gM k|sfzg ubf{ g]kfnL kf]i6af6 ;fef/
egL k|sfzg ug{sf nflu ;d]t pxfFn] kqklqsfx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .
To;}u/L kf]v/]nn] g]kfnsf x/]s u|fdL0f If]qdf OG6/g]6 ;'ljwf k'/\ofpg / zx/L
If]qdf ;d]t ;]jf ;j{ ;'ne u/fpgsf nflu ;/sf/n] 6]lnkmf]g tyf OG6/g]6 ;'ljwfdf
ljz]if 5'6 ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;s]df ;a} ju{n] o;sf] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] lyP eGg'eof]
.
sfo{qmddf kqsf/x? kbdl;+x sfsL{, w'|jxl/ clwsf/L / uf]s'n kf]v/]nn] OG6/g]6sf]
dfWodaf6 ul/g] kqsfl/tf d'n'saflx/ /x]sf k|jf;L g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;";'lrt ug{
/ g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltnfO{ hLjGt /fVg pkof]uL x'g] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof]
.
g]skf Pdfn]sf k|bLk g]kfn, g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf 8f= k|sfzz/0f dxt,
ds{G6fOn sDkgLsf ;+hLj /fhe08f/L / of]d/L OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfos sDkgLsf lbk]z
k|wfgn] j]j;fO6dfkm{t k|sfzg ul/g] klqsfnfO{ ;do-;dodf cBfjlws ul/Pdf dfq klqsfsf]
ljZj;gLotf / nf]slk|otf sfod /xg] atfpg'eof] .
g]kfn dfgjflwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf s[i0f kxf8Ln] g]kfnL kqsfl/tf /fhb/jf/ 36gf,
;+s6sfn / ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf bnx?nfO{ k|wfgtf lbg] nufotsf ljifodf k|efjsf/L /
;fdlos ;dfrf/ k|sfzg ug{ r's]sf] cf/f]k nufpFb} g]kfnL kl/k|]Iodf o; lsl;dsf]
kqsfl/tfn] cfpFbf lbgdf cem dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ s'/f atfpg'eof]
.
sfo{qmddf g]kfn b"/;+rf/ k|flws/0fsf cWoIf ;'/]zs'df/ k'8f;}gL, k"j{
cWoIf e"k/fh kf08], dfgjclwsf/jfbL 8f= uf]kfns[i0f lzjfsf]6L, k|qsf/x?
xl/x/ lj/xL, zDe' >]i7, tLy{ sf]O/fnf, ljgo s;h', s]bf/ v8\sf, ch'{g lji6nufotsf
jQmfn] ljB'tLo kqsfl/tf If]qdf ljBdfg r'gf}ltx? cf+}Nofpg'ePsf] lyof] .
cfGbf]ng bjfpg ;]gf k|of]u gul/of];
g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ d], !%, @))#
jt{dfg cfGbf]ng u0ftGqsf lglDt x}g / of] /fhtGq x6fpg] cfGbf]ng klg x}g of]
cfGbf]ng @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] /Iff ug{sf lglDt ul/Psf] cfGbf]ng xf] .
pQm s'/f g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] dfgjclwsf/
tyf zflGt ;dfh4f/f /fhwfgLdf æjt{dfg ;Gbe{df k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ng / dfgj
clwsf/sf] ;jfnÆ ljifos k|jrng sfo{qmddf atfpg'ePsf] xf] .
h]i7 Ps ! ut] /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmdf zflGt ;dfhsf cWoIf s[i0f kxf8Ln]
cfkm"x? ;+;bjfbL dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yf ePsf] atfpFb} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n]
ug]{ cfGbf]ng zflGtk"0f{ x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . To;}u/L kxf8Ln]
jt{dfg /fhfsf af/]df hgtf tyf g]tfx?n] cfnf]rgf dfq u/]sf x}gg\ /fhfsf] lgGbf
x'g yfn]sf] atfpFb} l;+uf] g]kfnL hgtfx? ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kIfdf g/x]sf] atfpg'eof]
.
clxn] d'n's u0ftGqlt/ pGd'v ePsf] 5 eGb} ;/sf/n] /fhgLlt bnx?n] u/]sf cfGbf]ng
bjfpgsf nflu ;]gf k|of]u u/]sf]df To;sf] kxf8Ln] lj/f]w hgfpFb} s'g} klg kIfaf6
ul/g] lx+;fsf] lj?4df cfkm"x? /x]sf] / k|hftGq, dfgjclwsf/af6 slxNo} aflx/
/xg g;Sg] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]n] @)$^ ;fnkl5 dlNns
cfof]udf k/]sf x?dfly sf/jfxL ug{ ;s]gf} / ltg} JolQm;Fu ldn]/ xfdL ;Qfdf s;/L
k'Ug]dfq eGg] kIfdf /fhgLlt bnx? /x] eGb} cfkm" ;Qfdf xF'bf ul/Psf uNtLx?sf]
;Qfdf k'u]sf bnx?n] cfTdf cfnf]rgf ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ ljh'S5]n]
lbg'eof] .
;f]xL sfo{qmddf /fli6|o k|hftGq kf6L{sf k|jQmf sdn yfkfn] /fhgLlt kf6L{x?nfO{
clxn] /fhgLlt cfGbf]ng ug]{ cj:yf g/x]sf] ;Nnfxf lbb}+ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;xdlt
/ ;dembf/Lsf] ;dGjoaf6 dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
k|jQmf yfkfn] ;/sf/n] klg /fhgLlt kf6L{x?sf] ;xof]u glnO{ dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg
u5'{ eGg' lbjf :jKgdfq /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . oxfF s;}n] /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr
kmf6f] Nofpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g / dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ k'Nk'Nofpg] sfd ul/Psf] 5 eGg'eof]
.
yfkfn] k|wfgdGqLn] /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx?aLr cljnDa ;+jfb u/fpg'kg]{ gq of] dfcf]jfbL
;d:of nufot cGo s'g} klg ;d:of ;dfwfg gx'g] s'/f atfpg'eof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf tkm{af6 uf]kfn kxf8L, g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf
tkm{af6 xf]dgfy bfxfn, g]kfn ;b\efjgfsf dxf;lrj /fh]Gb| dxtf]n] klg af]Ng'ePsf]
lyof] eg] zflGt ;dfhsf ;Nnfxfsf/ k'?if]fQd bfxfnn] cfGbf]ng ;Qfsf nflu x}g ;+:s[ltsf
lglDt x'g'k5{ eGb} casf] cfGbf]ngn] k|hftflGqs ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ dfgjclwsf/sf]
;Ddfg ;a}af6 ul/of];\ eGg'eof] .
ca eg] /fxbfgL gjLs/0f ul/g]
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
d] ^, @))#
ut 5 ;ft dlxgfb]lv gjLs/0fx'g g;s]sf sl/a $ ;o /fxbfgLx? ca gofF Joj:yf cg';f/
gjLs/0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . pQm s'/f jfl;Ë6g 8L;L l:yt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;sf
k|yd ;lrj s[i0frGb| cof{nn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
cab]lv /fxbfgL gjLs/0f ul/bf /fxbfgLsf] cjlw bz jif{sf] sfod ul/g] ePsf] 5 eg]
gjLs/0f b:t'/ j[l4 u/]/ ^) 8n/af6 *) 8n/ k'-ofOPsf] 5 .
/fxbfgL gjLs/0fsf nflu 8L;L / Go"of]s{df b:t'/ a'emfO;Sg' ePsf g]kfnLx?n]
yk aL; 8n/sf] dlgc8/ of Sofl;o/ r]s k7fpg' kg]{ hfgsf/L kq ;d]t gjLs/0f ug{
k7fpg'ePsf dfg'efjx?nfO{ k7fO ;s]sf] s'/f klg k|yd ;lrj cof{nn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{
atfpg' ePsf] 5 . sf/0fj; kq k7fpg 5'6 x'g uPsf jf kq k|fKt x'g g;s]sf jf l9nfO
ePsf ;fy} gjLs/0fsf nflu ca cfj]bg lbg' x'g] dxfg'efjx?n] klg pNn]v ul/P adf]lhd\
gjLs/0f b:t'/ a'emfpg ;d]t pxfFn] g]kfnL kf]i6dfkm{t\ cfu|x ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
dxfdlxd /fhb"tsf] :jf:Yodf qmlds ;'wf/
jfl;Ë6g c:ktfndf s]xL ;docl3b]lv pkrf/ u/fO/xg'ePsf zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffsf] :j:Yodf qmlds ?kdf ;'wf/ x'Fb} uPsf] yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .
z'qmaf/ lrlsT;sn] la/fdLnfO{ æcfFvf vf]n]/ xftsf]
cf}+nf b]vfpg'xf];\Æ eGbf /fhb"tn] ;f] sfo{ :jfefljs ?kdf ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] .
dxfdlxdsf 5f]/f /lag /f0ff;Fu g]kfnLkf]i6sf k|ltlglwn] ;Dks{ ubf{ lbg k|ltlbg
jxf+sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ x'Fb} uPsf] s''/f atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
/fhb"tfjf;df gofF pklgof]u k|d'v
zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; jfl;+6g 8L;Ldf pklgof]u k|d'v / k|yd ;lrjsf kbdf
qmdzM ?b| g]kfn / s[i0f rGb| cof{n lgo'ltm eO{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 .
o;cl3 tL kbdf qmdzM lbg]z e§/fO{ / lbks clwsf/L sfo{/t x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFx?
cf-cfˆgf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ul/ g]kfn kmsL{ ;Sg' ePsf] 5 eg] Go"of]s{l:yt
g]kfnL ldzgdf klg b'jz' If]qL -;flxTosf/_ sd{rf/Lsf ?kdf cfpg' x'g] ePsf] 5
.
cd]l/sfdf ;d]t ;f/ËLsf] /\ofO{+ /\ofO{+
ljdn g]kfn
af]:6g, cd]l/sf d] $, @))#
…;f/ËLsf] tf/n] d]/f] dgsf] uLt ufpF5,
n]sb]lv j]+zL;Dd ufOg] uLt ufpF5,
/fh} ufOg] uLt ufpF5 ==============.Ú
g]kfnL nf]s ;+uLtsf] cleGg c+u ;f/ËLsf] w"gn] cj g]kfnL ufpF j]+zLdf
dfq l;dLt geO{ jflx/L ;+;f/nfO{klg k|jflet kfg{ yfn]sf] 5 . lxhf] oxfF l:yt
xfj{8 o'lgel;{6Lsf] Ps ;ef sIfdf g]kfnL nf]s ;+uLtdf uGwj{ ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f
ljifodf Ps ;+uLtdo 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] .
uGwj{ cyf{t ufOg]x?sf] ljifodf b'O{ jif{ g]kfndf j;]/ cg';Gwfg u/]sL :6]kmlg
:k|] (Stephanie spray) n] oL hftLsf] k/Dk/fut
;f+lults of]ubfg / ljZj ;+uLtdf pgLx?sf] klg dxTj /x]sf] ljifodf rrf{ ub}{ pgLx?sf]
ljlzi6 k/Dk/f / k|ltefnfO{ ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbOg\ . g]kfnjf6
/]s8{ u/]/ NofPsf] uGwj{ ;+uLt oxfFsf kl08tx?nfO{ ;'gfpFbf pgLx?klg cToGt k|efljt
ePsf] jtfpFb} :k|]n] klZrdL ;+uLtsf] nf]slk|o ljwf An'h ;Fu uGwj{ ;+uLt t'ngf
ug{ ;lsg] jtfOg\ .
g]kfnsf] kf]v/f / j/k/sf lhNnfdf :yfoL j;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf uGwj{ hfltx? sl/j
!) xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf ePklg o;nfO{ k]zf agfpg]x? Hofb} yf]/} /x]sf] s'/fklg
:6]kmlgn] hfgsf/L lbPsL lyOg\ . uGwj{x? g]kfn jfx]s ef/t, e"6fg / jdfsf{
g]kfnL ufpFx?df 8'n]/ uLt ufpFb} / ;f/ËL /]6\b} hLljsf] kfh{g ub}{ cfPsf
kfOG5g\ . ko{6g Joj;fosf] ljsf; ;+u;+u} logLx?n] klg xf]6n, /]:6'/f+df uLt ufp+g],
7d]ndf ;f/ËL jhfpg] tyf j]Rg] u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL o'jfx? ;+ul7t eO{ gf} jif{
klxn] uGwj{ ;+:s[lt tyf snf ;+u7g vf]n]/ of] Joj;fonfO{ cufl8 j9fpg] k|of; klg
u/]sf 5g\ . uGwj{x?nfO{ ;dfhdf c5"tsf] ?kdf lnOg] x'gfn] logLx? k9fOdf
cl3 j9\g g;s]sf] jtfpFb} logLx?kl5 k/]sf] s'/f cfkm'n] kfPsf] klg :k|]n] jtfOg\
. uLt ufpgsf nflu dfq logLx? vlKk; x'G5g\ eGg] hgwf/0ffnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub}{ pgn]
ylkg\-æpgLx? jL/ /;n] el/Psf b]zelQmk"0f{ uLt ufpg, 36gfnfO{ uLtdf
9fn]/ dfld{s 9+un] j0f{g ug{, b}jL k|sf]k, nfx'/]sf] Joyf, dfof k|Llt, lj5f]8
nufot g]kfnL ;dfhsf 36gfx?nfO{ b'?:t ;+uLtdf ptf/]/ g]kfnLx?sf] dg ;n{Ss} lhTg
;Sg] x'G5g\, uGwj{x?nfO{ ;fdfGodfq lng ;lsb}g Æ b/jf/sf08sf ljifodf klg
uGwj{x?n] uLt ufP/ nfvf}+ g]kfnLx?nfO{ ?jfPsf 5g\ . ;+uLtjf6} dfG5]sf cfFz'
jiff{pg, xfF;f] 5rNsfpg / hf]z jiff{pg ;Sg] uGwj{x? cem} g]kfndf kfOg'nfO{ pgn]
dxTjk"0f{ ?kdf lnPsL 5g\ .
g]kfndf /]l8of] g]kfn tyf 6lnlehg cfpg' eGbf klxn] dgf]/~hg tyf ;~rf/sdL{sf
?kdf /x]sf oL uGwj{x? cfw'lgstf ;Fu} k5fl8 kb}{ uPsf 5g\ . pgLx?sf ;f/ËL
jfx]s cGo jfhfx? Nff]k e};s]sf 5g\ . uGwj{x?sf] ;f/ËL eGbf 7"nf] /
nfdf] em08} lu6f/;+u d]n vfg] …cjf{hÚ gfdsf] jfhfklg nf]k x'g] cjZyfdf
5 . ;f/ËL /]6]/ jhfOG5 eg] cjf{h lu6f/ h:t} cf}+nfn] v]nfOG5 . cjf{h jhfpg]x?
kfO+b}g eg]klg x'G5 cfhef]ln uGwj{x?n] cjf{hsf] ;f6f] dfbn jhfpg yfn]sf 5g\
. dfbn g]kfnsf] csf]{ nf]slk|o jfhf xf], h'g r}+ jfbL ;d"xjf6 cfPsf] dflgG5
.
b'O{ jif{ ;Dd uGwj{x? ;Fusf] 3'nldnaf6 clt k|efljt eP/ cfPsL :k|]n] uGwj{x?sf]
;f+lults 6f]nLnfO{ cd]l/sfdf Nofpg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] klg hfgsf/L u/fOg\ . ;fy}
cd]l/sfsf ljleGg 7fpFdf uGwj{ ;f+lults sfo{qmd rnfpg] cfkm\gf] wf]sf] /x]sf]
klg :k|]n] 3f]if0ff ul/g\ . cd]l/sL ;+uLt If]qdf, blIf0f clk|msf, blIf0f cd]l/sf
cflbsf k/Dk/fut ;d"xx? cfP/ cfkm\gf] ;+uLt dfkm{t k|efljt u/]sf] pNn]v
ub}{ g]kfnL ;+uLtnfO{ klg NofOg] s'/f jtfPsL 5g\ . o; cl3 uGwj{x?sf] Ps 6f]nL
hfkfgdf sfo{qmd u/]/ kmls{ ;s]sf] 5 . uGwj{ dlxnfx? ;fj{hlgs gfrufgdf Tolt b]vf
gkg]{ kfOPklg k|z:t k|tLef ePsf] kfOg'sf ;fy} uGwj{x?n] df}sf / k|f]T;fxg kfPdf
7"nf] of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] wf/0ffklg :k|]n] JoQm ul/g\ .
:k|]n] uGwj{x?nfO{ NofP/ cd]l/sL jhf/df gofF ;+uLtsf] kl/ro u/fOg] / uGwj{ ;+uLt
k|lt gofF uGwj{ k':tfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g] p4]Zon] cfkm" nflu k/]sf] s'/f
klg pQm sfo{qmddf jtfOg\ .
dxfdlxd /fhb"t cem} c:ktfndf
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jflzª6g 8L;L, clk|n @&, @))#
;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsfnflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb't dxfdlxd >L hok|tfk /f0ffsf] jflzª6g
c:ktfndf cem} klg pkrf/ e} /x]sf] 5 .
Go"/f] ;h{g Dr. Zachary Levine sf]
g]t[Tjdf ut ;f]djf/ @! Tffl/vsf lbg ljxfg 6fpsfsf] klxnf] zNolqmof ul/Psf] lyof]
. tLa| /Strfksf sf/0fn] zNolqmof ul/Psf] 7fpFdf /ut hDg uPsf] x'gfn] ;f]xL lbg
bf]>f] k6s klg k'gM zNolqmof ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . zNolqmof u/]/ hd]sf] /ut
x6fOP kl5 j]nf j]nfdf xf]; cfpg] u/]sf] ;fy} :jf:Yodf klg ;'wf/ xF'b} uPsf]
s'/f dxfdlxdsf 5f]/f /lag /f0ffn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ jtfpg' eof] . :jf:Yodf x'Fb}uPsf]
;'wf/af6 ;DalGwt lrlsT;sx? klg ;Gt'i6 ePsf] s'/f klg 5f]/f /lagn] atfpg' ePsf]
5 . xfn dxfdlxd /f0ffsf] cfO{=l;=o"df /fv]/ g} pkrf/ e}/x]sf] 5 .
/fhb"t /f0ff ut z's|jf/ !* tfl/vsf lbg laxfg k}bn lx+8fOdf uPsf a]nf crfgs
a]xf];\ ePkl5 c:ktfndf egf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
cd]/Lsfdf l5d]sL ufpFsf] lks\lgs\
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
clk|n @$, @))#
o; aif{ klg … l5d]sL ufpF Ú n] ut cfOtjf/ @) clk|nsf lbg lks\lgs\sf]
cfof]hgf ul/ rf/ jif{ cl3 z'? ul/Psf] sfo{s|dnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 . …
l5d]sL ufpF Ú df clxn] g]kfnLx? !$ kl/jf/sf ^@ hfgf ;bZox? 5g\ .
8L= ;L=, elh{lgof / d]l/No08df /x]sf cfˆgf gft]bf/ b'O{ kl/jf/ ;DdnfO{
lgDtf] lbg kfpg] Joj:yfn] ubf{ ToxfF ePsf] nueu @)) hgfsf] pkl:ytL lyof] . ;b:o
tyf cfdlGqt kl/jf/n] cfof]hssf cg'/f]wdf tf]lsPsf] JoGhg 3/}af6 ksfO n}hfg'
kg]{ Joj:yfn] ubf{ vfgfdf kfOPsf] ljljw :jfbsf sf/0f k]6df 7fpF geP klg d'vn]
eg] xftnfO{ srsr ul/ /xGYof] eg] lks\lgs\sf] afxfgfdf ToxfF elnjn ;fy} km'6jn
h:tf v]nn] klg k|j]; kfPsf lyP eg] g]kfnL uLt / gfrn] 5'§} lks\lgs\ sfo{s|ddf
ToxfF uPsf c? cd]/Lsgx?nfO{ klg v'§f 3'dfpg hf]:ofPsf] lyof] .
g]kfnL\x?nfO{ k|To]s cfOtjf/ ljxfg g]kfn k'-ofpg]], ;ft lbg leq cd]l/sfsf ljleGg
efudf g]kfnLx?åf/f ul/Psf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] ;Dk|];0f ug{], s0f{k[o
uLt ;ËLt k|:t't ul/ xfd|f clttnfO{ Jo"FemfO /xg], æ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehgÆ
nfO{ yf]/} eP klg /fxft k'-ofpg] p2]Zoaf6 /fkmn lrÝf sfo{s|d ;Grfng ul/Psf]
lyof]. k|yd, / t[tLo x'g]x? sf] s|dz %) / @) ;fy} æl5d]sL ufpFÆ
n] &% 8n/ klg yk ul/ art x'g cfPsf] !$% 8n/ æl5d]sL ufpFÆ sf
cWoIf k|]d ;ª\u|f}nf / ljhoLx?n] ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehgsf cWoIf /fd v/]nnfO{
x:tfGt/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . cfkm'nfO{ lrf kl/ k|fKt x'g cfPsf] /sd lrf kg]{
dxfg'efjx?n] ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehgsf cWoIfnfO{g} k|bfg ub}{ ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehg k|lt
cfˆgf] dfofF bzf{Psf lyP .
;f] cj;/df ToxfF cfof]lht ljleGg dgf]/~hgsf k|lt:kwf{df k|yd, låtLo /
t[tLo x'g] afnafnLsfnfO{ cd]/Lsfnflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf;sf pk-lgof]u k|d'v
>L ?b| g]kfnn] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
s]xL dlxgf cd]/Lsfdf ljz]if sfo{s|ddf cfpg'ePsf g]kfnsf jl/i7 ;dfnf]rs Pj+ ;flxTosf/
k|fWofks 8f= tf/fgfy zdf{sf] ;xeflutfn] lks\lgs\nfO{ ulj{nf] agfPsf] lyof] .
gfr ufgsf sfo{s|ddf ;DnUg ;a}sf] k|of; ;x|flgo lyof] eg] dGh" ;ª\u|f}nf
/ l6sf k'gsf] of]ubfgn] ljz]if /f}gs yk]sf] lyof] .
ljz'4 ;fdflhs ;]jf Pj+ ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zo lnO u7g ul/Psf] æl5d]sL ufpFÆ
sf] cWoIf, dxf;lrj, sf]iffWoIfdf s|dzM- k|]d ;ª\u|f}nf, j;Gt >]i7 /
xif{ jh|frfo{ ;fy} ;bZox?df 8d? clwsf/L, ;'jf; hf]zL , ljj]s gsdL{ / ljBf v8\uL
/xg' ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] cfo>f]tsfnflu k|To]s ;b:o kl/jf/af6 dfl;s # 8n/ k|fKt
x'G5 . o; cltl/Qm ltxf/df b]p;L-e}nf] v]ln s]xL /sd hDdf kfl/G5 . t]x|y'd lhNnfdf
ePsf] cUgL sf08sf kLl8t kl/jf/x?sfnflu @%) 8n/ ;xof]u k|bfg ul/ pgLx?sf b'Mvdf
cfkm"nfO{ ;xeflu u/fPsf] 5 .
ljxfg sl/j !!jh] b]lv j]n'sf % ah] ;Dd An'dG6 kfs{df rn]sf] lks\lgs\df cfof]hgf
ul/Psf ljleGg sfo{s|dx?sf] ;Grfng ;fy} pb\3f]if0f j;Gt >]i7 / x]dGt >]i7n]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof]. hxfF afFr] klg g]kfnL eP/ afFrf}+, hxfF a;] klg g]kfnL eP/
a;f}+ eGg] dfld{s egfOnfO{ x[boËd ul/ dGh" ;ª\u|f}nfsf] ljz]if
kxndf z'? ePsf] e]63f6sf] sfo{s|d lks\lgs\sf dfWodaf6 g]kfnL jLr ;+w} /dfO/xf];\
eGg] ;xeflu ;a}sf rfxgf /x]sf] a'lemof] .
dxfdlxd /fhb"t c:ktfndf
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jflzË6g 8L;L, clk|n @!, @))#
;+o'Qm/fHo cd]/Lsfsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t dxfdlxd hok|tfk /f0ff ut z's|jf/
!* tfl/vsf lbg laxfg k}bn lx+8fOdf uPsf cj:yfdf crfgs a]xf]; ePkl5 ;fydf /xg'
ePsL >LdtLåf/f tTsfn} pkrf/fy{ 8L= ;L= l:yt hh{ jflzË6g\ c:ktfndf
egf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] c:ktfndf ul/Psf] cfkt\sflng pkrf/ åf/f :jf:Yodf
;fdfGo ;'wf/ ePkl5 jxfFnfO{ ljz]if pkrf/sf nflu 8L= ;L= s} jflzË6g c:ktfndf
nluPsf] lyof] .
c:ktfndf dxfdlxdsf] ljz]if pkrf/ :j?k 6fpsfsf] ;L= 6L= :Sofg ul/bf lbdfusf]
cl3Nnf] efusf] bflxg] tkm{sf] aflx/kl§ ;fgf] 6Ø"d/ b]lvPsf]
x'Fbf Go"/f] ;h{g Dr. Zachary Levine sf] g]t[Tjdf ef]ln ;f]djf/ @! Tffl/vsf
lbg ljxfg * jh] ;f] 6Ø"d/sf] zNolqmof ul/g] hfgsf/L
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . c:ktfn ;"qsf cg';f/ zNolqmof ;fwf/0f ePsf] xF'bf ;j} l:ylt
;fdfGo /x]df jxfFnfO{ ljlxjf/ @$ tfl/v ;Dddf c:ktfnaf6 lgjf;df k7fOg] 5 .
g]kfnLkf]i6 kl/jf/ dxfdlxdsf] zL3| :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf ub{5 .
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