;dfrf/ ;+If]k   clen]vfno

hd{gLsf] csf]{ zx/df klg b;}+

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
hd{g cS6f]a/ !^, @))#

hd{gLdf :yfoL tyf c:yfoL ?kn] a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 a8f b;}+sf] pknIodf dF'G:6/l:yt zx/df klg b;}+ sfo{qmd ut cS6f]a/ gf} tfl/vsf lbg ;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ .
o'/f]lkog lxdfnog P;f]l;Pg4f/f cfof]lht pQm b;+} sfo{qmddf k|d'v clylt pQd a:g]tn] ljhof bzdL h:tf rf8 kj{nfO{ lj;{g glbgsf nflu ljb]zdf /x]/ klg o;/L ljleGg sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/L nf]k x'g nfu]sf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ hf]ufg' xfdL ;a} g]kfnLx?sf] st{Jo xf] eGg'eof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf z'e sfdgf JoQm ug'{'x'g]x?df qmdzM dfwj n'OF6]n, lzjk|;fb 9sfn / dfgsfhL g]kfnL x'g'x'GYof] .
;f]xL ;fFem g]kfnL ;+fuLlts If]qsf o'jf kk ufos / hd{gl:yt lxdfnog Oo/ Aof08sf lbks nfdfn] cfkm\gf] Pnadsf] uLt æltd|} g} x'F dÆ uLt k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm uLtdf cfuGt's hd{gL tyf g]kfnLx? cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] :yfgaf6 pl7 g[To ;d]t u/]sf lyP .
;f]xL cj;/df snfsf/ ;f]gL t'nfrgn] zf:qLo -sTys_ g[To k|:t't u/]/ bz{x?nfO{ dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df lxdfnog cfOh Jof08sf] g[To ;d'xsf xfGsfdf /fO{, /Ltf -/]gf_ g]kfnLn] nfv]gfr k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ptf ljho nfdfsf] gfrn] klg bz{sx?nfO{ dgf]/Ghg lbg ;kmn ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng lxdfnog cfOh Jof08sf ;b:o z/0f s];Ln] pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ ljhof bzdLsf] pknIodf z'esfdgf lbb}+ z'? ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfnL vfgfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] pQm b;}+ sfo{qmddf em08} b'O{ ;o krf; hgf g]kfnL / g]kfnLx?nfO{ dfof ug]{ s]xL hd{gLx?sf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
;f] lbgsf] b;}+ sfo{qmdnfO{ :yfgLo hd{gL 6]lnlehgn] ;d]t k|zf/0f u/]sf] lyof] .

hfkfgsf g]kfnLx?sf] b;}+

ltns dNn
hfkfg -6f]lsof]_ !^ cS6'a/, @))#

g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 lahof bzdLsf] pknIfdf hfkfgdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L xiff]{Nnf;sf ;fy dgfP .
o;} ;Gbe{df o;}u/L ut cS6'a/ !! tfl/vsf lbg hfkfgdf cWoog/t g]kfnL laBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7g g];fh4f/f cfof]lht b;}+ e]63f6 sfo{qmd kz'klt /]i6'/]G6 uf]tfGbfdf ;DkGg eof] . g];fhsf cWoIf uf]laGb/fh kf08]sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf hfkfgsf nflu sfo{afxs /fhb"t df]xgs[i0f >]i7 k|d'v cltly /xg' ePsf] lyof] . k|d'v cltlyaf6 6Lsf tyf hd/f u|x0f ul/g'sf;fy} /dfO{nf] gfrufg, sljtf, d'Qms jfrg, la+uf] / z'esfdgf cfbfg-k|bfg u/L o; aif{sf] b;}+nfO{ xiff]{Nnf;sf;fy dgfOof] .
sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf kz'klt /]i6'/]G6sf] :jflbi6 ef]hg lnb}+ ;xefuLx?n] bz}+sf] a]nf cfˆgf dfGohg, ;fyLefO{ nufot ;du| :jb]zsf] ;Demgf u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L lahof bzdL @)^) sf] pknIfdf hfkfgaf;L g]kfnLx?sf] d}qLk"0f{ e]63f6, z'esfdgf cfbfg-k|bfg ug]{ u/fpg] tyf pTs[i6 dgf]/~hg lbnfpg] pb]Zon] 6f]lsof] Os]ufdL l:yt Os]ufdL vfOsfgdf xl/j+z cfrfo{, e'jg s]=;L= lakgf yfkf cfbL snfsf/ /x]sf] g]kfnL syfgs xf:o rnlrq ætF t ;fx|} lalu|; lg alb|Æ sf] k|bz{g ul/of] . pQm rnlrq k|bz{g sfo{qmddf zfxL g]kfnL sfo{afxs /fhb"t df]xgs[i0f >]i7 nufot ;a{;fwf/0f g]kfnLx?sf] pT;fxhgs pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
;f] rnlrq k|bz{g sfo{qmd ltns dNn / lbnk|sfz z]/rg4osf] ;+of]hgdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . hfkfgsf bz{sx?sf] cTolws dg lhTg ;kmn pQm rnlrq lgs6 elaiod} cyf{t cfufdL l8;]Da/ @! sf lbg hfkfgsf] bf];|f] zx/ gfuf]ofdf k|bz{g ul/g] ePsf] 5 . o;/L hfkfgdf ;DkGg ePsf o; jif{sf] b;}+ sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL clws g]kfnLx?n] :jb]zsf] jt{dfg cj:yfk|lt ulx/f] lrGtf AoQm ub}{ b]zdf lz3| :yfoL zflGt :yfkgfsf] sfdgf u/]sf lyP .
To:t} ut cS6'a/ $ tfl/vsf lbg ef]hk'/ ldng Sna hfkfg4f/f cfof]lht a8f bz}+ e]63f6 sfo{qmddf gjb'uf{ ejfgLsf] k"hf cf/fwgf / l6sf, hd/f u|x0f, z'esfdgf cfbfg-k|bfg / /dfO{nf] gfrufg u/L g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 b;}+nfO{ w'dwfd;Fu dgfP . Snjsf cWoIf eLd;]g /fO{sf] cWoIftfdf ;kGg pQm sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltlydf 8f= O{Gb| ltjf/L /xg' ePsf] lyof] / sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?nfO{ Snjsf ;Nnfxsf/ Pn= la= >]i7n] xflb{s :jfut cleafbg ub]{ lahof bzdLsf] d+undo z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
k|d'v cltly 8f= ltjf/Ln] g]kfnL ;d'bfodf bz}+ kj{sf] dxTjaf/] k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L Snjsf csf{ ;Nnfxsf/ s]= kL= >]i7n] ;xefuLx?nfO{ lahof bzdLsf] k|;fb:j?k 6Lsf tyf hd/f nufO{ blIf0ff k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
hfkfgsf] Ao:t ;dodf klg 6f9f 6f9faf6 laleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglw nufot ;a{;fwf/0f g]kfnLx?sf] pT;fxhgs pkl:ylt /x]sf] pQm bz}+ sfo{qmdnfO{ klxnf] / bf]>f] u/L b'O{{ r/0fdf ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] .
klxnf] r/0fsf] cf}krfl/s ;df/f]x kl5 bf]>f] r/0fsf] dgf]/~hgfTds sfo{qmddf ljleGg nf]s tyf em\ofp/] uLt, d'Qms, sljtf / g]kfnL l8:sf]df ;xefuLx? /dfPsf lyP .
ef]hk'/ ldng Snjn] x/]s aif{ g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 a8f bz}+df /dfOnf] ;f+uLlts sfo{qmd;lxt e]63f6 tyf z'esfdgf cfbfg-k|bfg sfo{qmd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf Snjsf cWoIf eLd;]g /fO{n] pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ a8f bz}+sf] z'esfdgf AoQm ug'{ x'b}{ sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ xflb{s wGoafb 1fkg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
6f]lsof] lxlskm'g] l:yt Pl;og lsr]g P08 af/ ækf]v/f gfdsÆ g]kfnL /]i6'/]G6df ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdsf ;~rfns4o gog yfkf / xl/axfb'/ sfsL{ /xg' ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L a8f b;}+sf] pknIfdf ut cS6'a/ $ tfl/vsf lbg hfkfgdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?4f/f cGo laleGg 7fpFx?df klg /dfOnf] e]63f6 tyf z'esfdgf kf6L{x? ;DkGg ePsf 5g . h;cg';f/ kz'klt /]i6'/]G6 6f]lsof], uf]tfGbfdf bz}+ e]63f6 sfo{qmd /dfOnf]sf;fy ;DkGg ul/of] eg] ptf 6f]lsof], Os]a's'/f] l:yt a'4 /]i6'/]G6df klg xfn} g]kfnaf6 cfPsf rlr{t snfsf/x? >Ls[i0f >]i7, ;Ltf u'?ª, /fh' nfdf / ;Ltf yfkf du/sf] ;f+uLlts k|:t'tL /x]sf] /dfO{nf] b;}+ e]63f6 sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] .

jfl;+ª6gdf bz}+ d]nf

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cS6f]a/ !$, @))#

cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L, jfl;+ª6g 8L;Lsf] cfof]hgfdf elh{lgofl:yt Uofnf]h/f]8sf] Ps xndf b;+} d]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm d]nfdf :yfgLo kz'klt tyf a'4 dlGb/sf u'? >Lw/ 1fjnLn] b;}+sf] dxTjdfly k|sf; kfb}{ d]nfsf] cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd z'?cft ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df b;}+sf] z'esfdgf lbb}+ zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf tkm{af6 lgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnn] g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 b;}+sf] pknIodf ;a}nfO{ z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . :yfgLo g]kfnL dfgjclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yf Xo'dg/fO;{ ;f];fO6Lsf cWoIf 8f= an/fd cof{n, cd]l/sf g]kfn kf;fk'rsf cWoIf /fd dfnfsf/, P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ Og cd]l/sfsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nf / cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L, jfl;+ª6g 8L;Lsf cWoIf /fh]Gb| jnLn] d]nfdf cfuGt's ;a}nfO{ ljhof bzdLsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f] cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf dxf;lrj k|]d ;+u|f}nfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f] d]nfdf sljtf uf]i7Lsf] klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . :yfgLo sljx? qmdzM 8LjL tfdfª, uf]ljGb lu/L, afdf 9'+ufgf, ;/nf >]i7, sNkgf ;'j]bL, l6sf k'g, CifL vgfn, k|]d ;+u|f}nf, a;Gt >]i7, eLd /]UdL tyf /fhf/fd kf}8]nn] cfcfkm\gf sljtf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
d]nfdf :yfgLo afnaflnsfx?nfO{ g]kfn / g]kfn;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg k|Zgx? /fVb} xfFlh/L hjfkm k|ltof]uLtf g]kfnL kf]i6sf tkm{af6 ls/0f l;6f}nfn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]uLtfdf ;fhg df]Qmfg k|yd, k'sf/ >]i7 l4tLo / cf]hZjL clwsf/L t[tLo ePsf lyP .
d]nfdf g]kfnL efiff :s'nsf afnaflnsfx?4f/f aGbgf g[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP eg] k'sf/ >]i7, k"hf tfdfª, dgZjL ;+u|f}nf nufotsf :yfgLo snfsf/x?n] cfkm\gf g[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
To;}u/L /ljg e08f/L, ljhof ;fx, d~h' ;+u|f}nf tyf ;'h' cfrfo{n] Ps ehg k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
b'uf{ v/]n, hLjg kl08t, /fg' /fO{ lszf]/ kl08t, /jLg e08f/L tyf d~h' ;+u|f}nfn] cfcfkm\gf uLt k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;fydf /f]zg k|tfk /f0ffn] afF;'/L, k|df]b l3l;ªn] uLtf/df nf]suLt w'g, ;dL/ vs'/nsf] Psn uLtsf] k|:t'tn] ;a} ;|f]tfx?nfO{ /dOnf] t'NofPsf b]lvGYof] .
To;}u/L :yfgLo sfnLu08sL ;d'xsf tkm{af6 l6sf k'g, /fd yfkf, /Ltf yfkf, lgnd k'g tyf gf/fo0f v/]nn] klg uLt k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
;u/dfyf 6]lnlehgsf tkm{af6 /fd v/]nn] b]p;L uLt tyf cGo s]xL g]kfnL uLt ;+uLtsf lSnkx? k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ljleGg g]kfnL ;fdfg tyf k':tsx?sf] a'yx? d]nfdf /flvPsf] lyof] .
kz'klt a'4 dlGb/sf] ;xof]ufy{ h]/L, :jf/L k'/Lsf] laqmL lgSs} ePsf] b]lvGYof] eg] ptf dfpG6 Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6 8L;Ln] d]nfsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ df;' lrp/f e'6g h:tf bz}+ kl/sf/sf] laqmLljt/0f u/]sf] lyof] .
:yfgLo em08} tLg ;oeGbf a9L g]kfnLx? ;lDdlnt pQm d]nfn] g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 b;}+ kj{ cfkm\gf] cg'sn kf/]/ ljb]zdf a;]/ klg plQs} /dfOnf] u/L dgfpFb} cfPsf]df ;a} d]nfsf ;xefuLx? /dfOnf] dflg/x]sf b]lvGy] eg] s]6fs]6Lsf nflu ljz]if v]Ng] :yfg pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] .
ljut s]xL jif{b]lv cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Ln] b;}+ d]nf sfo{qmd ul/ dgfpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

8fFuLxf6b]lv xf8{a8{;Dd

lu/Lz kf]v/]n
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cS6f]a/ !#, @))#

cWofkgsf] k]zf df]/ªsf] 8fFuLxf6df /x]sf] Pp6f k|fylds ljBfnoaf6 z'? u/]/ ;+;f/s} k|l;4 sn]hdWo] cd]l/sfl:yt af]:6gdf /x]sf] xf8{j8{ ljZjljBfno;Dd cWofkg ug{ cfOk'Ug'x'g] 8f= lzj uf}td clxn] g]kfn / g]kfnLx?s} nflu uf}/jflGjt JolQm x'g'ePsf] 5 .
pxfF ;fob xf8{j8{df k"0f{sflng ?kdf k9fpg] klxnf] g]kfnL JolQm xf] .
ef]hk'/sf] l;:g]/Ldf ljqmd ;Dat\ @)!) ;fn sflQs @( ut] cfdf ltnf]Qdfsf sfvaf6 rf/ bfh' efOdf dfOnf 5f]/f eP/ hGdg'ePsf uf}td cfˆgf lktf :j= nIdL uf}td lhNnfel/s} :s'n lg/LIfs eP klg cfˆg} ufpFdf eg] :s'n gePsf sf/0f cfkm\gf] afNosfnsf] k9fO 3/d} u/]/ cf7 jif{sf] pd]/df dfq aNn ljBfno 6]Sg kfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
;fob cfkm\gf] lktfhLsf] hfuL/ !* ;fndf gvf]l;Psf] eP pxfFn] To;a]nf ljBfno 6]Sg kfpg' x'g] lyPg xf]nf t/ ha lktfsf] hfuL/ /fhgLlts sf/0fn] vf]l;of] To;kl5 ufpFsf ;a} ldn]/ ufpFdf pxfFsf lktfnfO{ g} x]8df:6/ agfP/ Pp6f :s'n vf]n] To;kl5 pxfFn] Ps} k6s sIff rf/df egf{ eP/ Ps jif{ k9]kl5 ljqmd ;Dat\ @)!( ;fndf lj/f6gu/ dfdf3/lt/ emg'{eof] .
lj/f6gu/ cfPkl5 cfkm"nfO{ P;Pn;L;Dd kf; ug{ kfP x'GYof] eGg] 7fg]sfn] cfkm\gf] cWoognfO{ hgtf xfO:s'naf6 cufl8 a9fPsf] / geGb} @)@$ ;fndf P;Pn;L pQL0f{ u/]kl5 cfkm\gf] v'6\6fdf cfkm}+ pleg'k5{ eGg] nfu]/ df]/ªsf] 8fFuLxf6df pxfFn] df:6/L k]zf ug{ yfNg'eof] .
df]/ªdf ljz]if u/]/ To;a]nf sf+u|]; / sDo'lg:6sf] cv8f ePsfn] k9\g] jftfj/0f gb]v]kl5 3/kl/jf/n] pxfFnfO{ cfO{P;L k9fpgsf nflu agf/; k7fpg] ePkl5 Ps jif{ k9fPsf] vr{ar{ lnP/ pxfF agf/;lt/ nfUg'eof] . pxfFn] agf/;af6 cfO{P;L kf; u/]kl5 k'gM g]kfn kms{g'eof] . ljb]zdf k9]/ cfPsfx?nfO{ ljb]z k9\g] sf]6f klg glbPsf sf/0f pxfFn] Ps jif{ k'gM 8fFuLxf6d} uP/ k9fpg' 'eof] . Ps jif{kl5 pxfFn] x}g cem} k9\g'kg]{ /x]5 eGg] nfu]/ sf7df8f}+lt/ xflgg'eof] / tTsflng /fHodGqL pk]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{sf] lghL ;lrjfnodf hfuL/ vfFb} jLP;L k9\g yfNg'eof] . pxfFn] dGqLsf] lghL ;lrjfnodf sfd u/]kl5 sltk6s t sIff lng ;d]t hfg gkfP klg aLP;L kf; ug'{eof] . uf}td ha ha cfkm\gf] k9fO ;Sg'x'GYof] ta ta Ps jif{ k9fO /f]Sg'x'GYof] lsgsL cufl8 k9\g] ls gk9\g] eGb} k'gM pxfF hfuL/ vfg yfNg'x'GYof] . aLP;L kf; u/]kl5 pxfFn] lj/f6gu/l:yt h'6 ljsf;df s]xL ;do hfuL/ vfg'eof] . To;kl5 pxfF cfkm\g} hGdynf] ef]hk'/sf] KofpnLdf uP/ aLP;L lzIfs eP/ lj1fg / ul0ft ljifo k9fpg yfNg'eof] . Ps jif{sf] sdfOkl5 k'gM pxfF sf7df8f}+df PdP k9\g hfg''eof] / @)## ;fndf Ps jif{sf nflu 8f]Nkfdf xfnsf g]kfnsf d'Vo ;lrj ljdn sf]O/fnfsf ;fy /fli6|o ljsf; ;]jfdf /x]/ cWofkg k]zfnfO{ g} lg/Gt/tf lbg'eof] .
uf}tdn] @)#$ ;fndf kf]v/fl:yt k[YjL gf/fo0f SofDk;df k9fpg k'Ug'eof] / Ps jif{kl5 pxfF sLlt{k'/l:yt lqe'jg ljZj ljBfnodf k9fpg cfOk'Ug'eof] . tYofs+ zf:qdf PdP u/]kl5 pxfFnfO{ k9fpgdf eGbf ;/sf/L hfuL/ vfg kfP x'GYof] eGg] nfu]sfn] / k9fpg]x?nfO{ st} hfuL/ vfg g;s]/ k9fpg yfNof] eGg]x?nfO{ d'v a'emf] nufpgsf nflu klg pxfFn] nf]s;]jf cfof]u lbg'eof] geGb} zfvf clws[t kf; u/]kl5 uf}tdn] klxn] /fli6|o of]hgf cfof]u To;kl5 tYof+s ljefudf zfvf clws[tsf ?kdf sfd ug'{eof] . hfuL/ vfP klg pxfFsf] k9fpg] k]zf eg] slxNo} 5'6]g pxfF slxn] dLg ejgdf t slxn] sLlt{k'/df cf+lzs sIffx? lnP/ k9fpFb} g} x'g'x'GYof] .
ha uf}td zfvf clws[tdf kf; x'g'eof] clg eg] pxfFnfO{ ljb]z k9\g hfg] /x/ knfP/ cfof] geGb} ætF lrtf d k'/\ofpF5'Æ eg] h:t} pxfFn] ;g\ !(*% df cd]l/sfsf] 6]S;f;l:yt 8fNnf;df /x]sf] o'lgel;{6L ckm 6]S;f;df tYof+szf:qd} kLPr8L k9\gsf nflu cfOk'Ug'eof] / ;g\ !(() df cfkm\gf] kLPr8L klg ;Sg'eof] .
pxfFdf klxn] cd]l/sf cfpFbf cfkm" kLPr8L u/]s} ef]lnkN6 g]kfn hfG5' eGg] OR5f lyof] t/ a:b} ub}{ n}hfbf cfkm"n] eg]h:tf] gx'g] /x]5 To;kl5 k'gM uf}tdn] d]l8sn o'lgel;{6L ckm ;fpy Sof/f]nfgfaf6 kf]i6 8S6/]6 ;Sg'eof] .
kf]i6 8S6/]6 u/]kl5 eg] pxfFn] ;g\ !((@ b]lv ($ ;Dd o'lgel;{6L ckm e/dG6df d]l8sn :6fl6l:6s l8kf6{d]G6df l/;r{ Pl;:6]G6 k|f]km];/ eP/ b'O{ jif{ latfpg'eof] .
To;kl5 !(($ b]lv (* ;Dd gy{ O:6g{ cf]xfof] o'lgel;{6L sn]h ckm d]l8l;gdf klg Pl;:6]G6 k|f]km];/ eP/ k9fpg k'Ug'eof] .
To;kl5 cfP/ ;g\ !((* b]lv cd]l/sfs} d]l8l;g cWoogdf pTs[i6 sxlnPsf] sn]hdWo] Dofg/leN6 o'lgel;{6L 6]g];Ldf ;g\ @))# sf] ;]K6]Da/ dlxgf;Dd P;f]l;P6 k|f]km];/ eP/ /xg'eof] .
uf}td oxL cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] z'?b]lv af]:6gl:yt xfj8{ j]6 Oh/fon l8sg]G; d]l8sn ;]G6/sf] hg/n lSnlgs l/;r{ ;]G6/sf] jfof] :6fl6l:6ssf] 8fO/]S6/ / xf8{j8{ d]l8sn :s'nsf] cWofkssf ?kdf /xg'ePsf] 5 .
@)#^ ;fndf ef/tL kf]v/]nsf ;fy bfDkTo hLjg z'? ug'{ePsf] uf}tdsf b'O{ 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/L l5g\ . uf}td cfkm\gf] hLjgdf cfkm"n] slxNo} klg 7"nf] uf]n g/fv]sf] atfpg'x'G5 .
xf8{j8{df k'Ubfsf] If0fsf af/]df pxfF eGg'x'G5, æcfkm" cd]l/sfs} /fli6"o k|lt:kwf{af6 5flgP/ k'u]sf] x'gfn] of] d]/f] nflu dfq geP/ b]zs} nflu k|lti7fsf] s'/f ePsf]n] cfkm\gf] k]zfsf dfWodaf6 cfkm" Pp6f g]kfnL ePsf] gftfn] g]kfn / g]kfnLs} xf8{a8{df /x]/ OHht wfGg sf]lz; ug]{5' .Æ
g]kfnsf af/]df pxfF eGg'x'G5, b]zdf cg';Gwfg / k9fpg] sfddf cfkm"n] ;s]sf] ;xof]u clxn] klg ul//x]sf] / eljiodf klg o:tf ;xof]u ub}{ hfg] pxfFsf] ljrf/ 5 . pxfF s]xL jif{cl3b]lv ljutdf cfkm"n] k9fpb} cfPsf] Dof08/len sn]h 6]g];Laf6 cfkm\gf] ;fydf s]xL cd]l/sL :jo\d;]jsx?nfO{ sf7df8f}+ o'lgel;{6Ldf nu]/ k9fpFb} cfpg'ePsf] lyof] cfpFbf lbgx?df klg o; sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+ejtM lg/Gt/tf lbg] pxfFsf] ;f]rfO/x]sf] 5 .
To;f] t pxfFdf g]kfnL efiff tyf ;flxTok|lt klg plQs} nufj b]lvG5 pxfF sljtf, syf, lgjGw, n]v /rgf klg n]Vg Tolts} ?rfpg'x'G5 . uf}tdsf] Pp6f æ;kgfsf /x/x?Æ gfds sljtf ;+u|x ;g\ !((( df k|sflzt eO;s]sf] 5 eg] csf]{ k|sfzg x'g] tof/L /x]sf] 5 eg] km"6s/ n]v /rgfx? ;do ;dodf k|sflzt eOg} /xG5g\ .
uf}td g]kfndf zflGt :yfkgf ug{sf nflu cd]l/sfaf6 s:tf] ;xof]u k'/\ofpg ;lsG5 eg]/ To;sf nflu klg lqmofzLn x'g'x'G5 . zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu ljut s]xL ;dob]lv s'nrGb| uf}tdsf ;fy g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr jftf{ u/fpg ;d]t pxfF lqmofzLn x'g'x'GYof] . cWofkg k]zf xf8{j8{df eP klg pxfF g]kfnsf] zflGtsf nflu klg Tolts} lrlGtt x'g'x'G5 . zflGt :yfkgf x'g] xf] eg] g]kfn hlt :juL{o 7fpF ;+;f/df st} g/x]sf] atfpg'x'g] uf}td cfkm\gf] l/6f8o{ hLjg g]kfnd} latfpg] ;f]rfO/x]sf] atfpg'x'G5 .

l5d]sL ufpFdf bz}+

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
cfln{+8)6g, elh{lgof cS6f]a/ (, @))#

l5d]sL ufpFn] cS6f]a/ % cfOtaf/ ljhof bzdLsf lbg cfof]hgf u/]sf] cfkm" cfkm"n] agfP/ NofPsf ljleGg kl/sf/ -k6ns_ lbjfef]hdf uf+pmsf jof]j[4 hf]8L /fwfs[i0f hf]zL tyf >LdtL hf]zLsf xftaf6 l5d]sL uf+pm j/k/ a;f]af; ug]{ !& kl/jf/sf sl/a &) hgf hltn] nfOgdf a;]/ ;fd'lxs 6Lsf u|x0f u/] .
;fd'lxs 6Lsf u|x0fsf] sfo{qmd ;Fu;u} pkl:yt ;a} kl/jf/x?n] bz}+sf] z'esfdgf tyf cfcfkm\gf] kl/ro cfbfg k|bfg u/]sf lyP . ljutdf l5d]sL ufpFn] bz}+ ltxf/ h:tf rf8kj{df ljljw k|sf/sf sfo{qmd ub}{ cfPsf] ;+be{df o;k6ssf] ;fd'lxs 6Lsf u|x0fsf] sfo{qmd cfkm}df gofF x'g'sf ;fy} cfsif{s tyf pT;fxaw{s /x]sf] s'/f ;xefuL ;b:ox?af6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .
a;fO{ ;/fO{;Fu} cfPsf] cfkm\gf] ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fnfO{ kl/l:ylt cg';f/ kl/:s[t ?kdf ;dfof]hg u/L dgfOPsf] o; k|sf/sf] bz}+n] gof+ k':tfsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;d]t cfsif{0f u/]sf] lyof] . cfkm\gf] ufpF7fpF / b]z eGbf leGb} cj:yfdf klg o; k|sf/sf] sfo{qmdaf6 cfkm\gf] ;+:s[lt tyf ;+:sf/x?sf] af/]df gof+lk+9LnfO{ bLlIft u/fpg k|efjsf/L / ;lhnf] x'bf]/x]5 eGg] k|efj 5f8]sf] s'/f Ps ;xefuLn] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfP .

hd{gLdf bz}+ o;/L dgfP

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
hd{g, cS6f]a/ (, @))#

hd{gLdf /x]sf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfof]hgfdf :yfgLo jL;\Jof8]gdf ut cS6fa/ $ tfl/vsf lbg Ps sfo{qmd u/L bz}+ dgfPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
pQm bz}+ sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltlysf ?kdf hd{gLsf nflu sG;'n/ /fd yfkf /xg'ePsf] lyof] . yfkfn] hxfF /x]sf g]kfnLx? eP klg Psfk;df ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?;Fu ldn]/ sfd ug{ ;s] g]kfnsf nflu klg s]xL ug{ ;lsg] wf/0ff JoQm ub}{ pkl:yt ;a} g]kfnLx?nfO{ bz}+sf] pknIodf xflb{s z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{eof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf hdg{l:yt g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;efklt lgt]z >]i7n] cfuGt's ;a} g]kfnLx?nfO{ pkl:yltsf nflu xflb{s :jfut ub}{ ;a} g]kfnLx?df bz}+sf] z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf] / cfufdL lbgx?df ;dfhn] cGo ljljw sfo{qmdx? u/]/ g]kfnLx?nfO{ Psfk;df e]nf u/fpFb} n}hfg] ljZjf; klg lbnfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df ;dfhsf ;efklt4f/f of] bz}+ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/fpg ;xof]u k'/\ofpg'x'g] bLks /fO{ / rGb| >]i7nfO{ ljz]if wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
v;Lsf] df;', cfn'sf] crf/, k'nfp / vL/ ljz]if cfs{ifs vfgfsf ?kdf /x]sf] pQm bz}+ sfo{qmddf g]kfnL rnlrq æafa' ;fx]jÆ sf] klg 7"nf] kbf{df k|b{zg ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf hd{gl:yt g]kfnL ;dfhsf] sfd / :yfkgfsf af/]df lzjz+s/ clwsf/L4f/f tof/ kfl/Psf] j[Q lrq klg pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ b]vfP/ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df Do'lgvaf6 cfPsf g]kfnL snfsf/x? / :yfgLo k|mof+skm6{ jl/kl/ a:g] g]kfnL snfsf/x?4f/f ljleGg @) j6f g]kfnL uLt k|:t't ul/Psf lyP . To;dWo] snfsf/ v8\sf Gof}kfg]n] ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] b'MvnfO{ ;d]6]/ k|:t't ug'{ePsf] uLtn] pkl:ylt ;a}nfO{ efj's agfPsf] lyof] eg] ptf snfsf/x?, /f]zgL >]i7, rGb| >]i7sf] g[Ton] ;a}nfO{ gfFr' gfFr' kf/]sf] lyof] . clg rGb| >]i7sf] xfF:oJo+Uon] lgSs} dgf]/Ghg u/fPsf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf snfsf/x? bLks /fO{, dw' Gof}kfg], lbj]z >]i7, /]zd u'?ª, ch{'g u'?ª, lk|td Gof}kfg], /f]lxt b]j/fh u'?ª / cg'k /fO{sf] k|:t'tLn] g]kfnLx?nfO{ Psl5gsf nflu eP klg g]kfndf g} ePsf] h:tf] efg kfl/lbPsf] lyof] .
ljut 5 dlxgfcl3dfq :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg pQm bz}+ sfo{qmdn] g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]kfnaf6 6f8f eP klg bz}+ h:tf] rf8df cfkm\g} g]kfnd} 5' ls eGg] efg kfg{ pQm bz}+ sfo{qmdn] ;kmn t'NofPsf] lyof] .

uf8L b"3{6gf k/L d[To'

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, cS6f]a/ &, @))#

d]l/Nof08l:yt u]y];ju{df a;f]af; ub}{ cfpg'ePsL $@ jlif{of ls/0f k'/Lsf] cS6f]a/ % tfl/v cfOtaf/ laxfg} sl/j #M!% ah] df]6/ b"3{6gfdf kl/ d[To'ePsf] 5 .
>Ldfg u0f]z k'/Ln] rnfO/x]sf] uf8L ˆNofl;ª nfO6df /f]sL x]/L cufl8 a9]kl5 k5fl8af6 b|'tultdf cfO/x]sf] jL Pd 8ANo' uf8Ln] uf8Lsf] bfofF efudf xfg]sf sf/0f pQm b'3{6gf x'g k'u]sf] s'/f d[tssf gft]bf/x?af6 yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .
b"3{6gfdf kg'{x'g] ls/0f k'/L k5fl8 l;6df a:g'ePsf] t/ ;f]xL kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox?nfO{ eg] ;fdfGo rf]6 nfu]sf] s'/f kfl/jfl/s ;"qaf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 . d[tssL Ps 5f]/LnfO{ eg] ;f]daf/ ljxfg :yfgLo c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ ul/Psf] hfgsf/L klg kfl/jfl/s ;"qn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
zlgaf/ ;fFem gft]bf/sf]df bz}+ ef]h vfP/ kmls{b} ubf{ pQm b"3{6gf x'g k'u]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 .
d[ts k'/Lsf] zjnfO{ d+unaf/ lbpF;f] Ps ah] d]l/Nof08l:yt Ps qmLof3/df clGtd ;+:sf/ ul/g nfluPsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+l:yt alQzk'tnL lgjf;L k'/L kl/jf/ s]xL jif{otfb]lv cd]l/sfdf g} a;f]af; ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 .

Sofgf8fdf o;kfnLsf] bz}+

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
Sofgf8f -6f]/f]G6f]_ cS6f]a/ &, @))#

Sofgf8f, 6f]/f]G6f]df /x]sf] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:yf æg]klnh\ Sofgfl8og sDo'lg6L ;le{;]; -Pg=;L=;L=P;_Æ n] x/]s jif{ em}+ o; jif{ klg k/Dk/fut rf8 a8f bz}+sf] 6Lsfsf] lbg kf/]/ bz}+ /dfOnf] ;fFem sfo{qmd cS6f]a/ % tfl/vsf lbg 6f]/f]G6f]df dgfPsf] 5 .
bz} 6Lsf u|x0f Pj+ ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf ;fy ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf Sofgf8fsf nflu g]kfnL dxfjfl0fHob"t 8f=s'~h/ zdf{ / Pg=;L=;L=P;= sf ;efklt Zofd dxqfn] a8f bz}+sf] pknIodf oxfFl:yt g]kfnL hg ;d"xnfO{ bz}+sf] z'esfdgf lbb}+ g]kfn aflx/ a;]/ klg xfdL g]kfnLx?n] cfk\mgf] k/Dk/f Pj+ ;+:s[ltnfO{ la;{g x'b}g / o;/L g} ;a} ldn]/ cfk\mgf] rf8kj{ dgfpg] k/Dk/f sfod /fVg' k5{ eGg' eof] .
pkl:yt g]kfnLdWo]sf aof]j[4 >LdtL /Ltf s6\6f]hn] ;a}nfO{ bz}+sf] 6Lsf nufOlbg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm /dfOnf] sfo{qmddf snfsf/ uf]laGbl;+x /fjtn] dgf]/~hgfTds xfF:oAoª\o v'/fs lbb} ;~rfng ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] 6f]/f]G6f]df a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnL o'jfx?n] ljljw dgf]/~hgfTds k|:t'ltdf g]kfnL uLt, g[To Pj+ xf:oAoª\o ;u} sljtf / d'Qmsx? k|:t't u/]/ pkl:yt bz{sx?nfO{ dgf]/~hg u/fPsf lyP .
pQm cj;/df g]kfnL vfgfsf kl/sf/ ;+u} df;' lrp/f vfP/ /dfOnf] ub}{ pkl:yt bz{sx? ;a} ldn]/ g]kfnL uLtsf] nodf ;fd'lxs gfr gfr]/ dgf]/~hg lnPsf lyP .
;fFemsf] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmddf ldng sfsL{, lbk s]=;L, dx]z, Ph], ljwfg >]i7, s'zn k|wfg, ;'/h >]i7, :jod\ kf]v/]n, lbKne ;fksf]6f, c+;'n df]Qmfg, x/L l;jfsf]6L , o;:jL l;jfsf]6Lsf uLtx?n] bz{snfO{ d"Uw kf/]sf] lyof] eg] /Lgf zdf{, ?dL >]i7, ;'hftf kf]v/]n, :j]R5f kf]v/]n, b[i6L /fjt, k|lti7f e08f/L, :jod\ kf]v/]n, lalkg kf]v/]n, PgL zdf{, Oef zdf{, uf]laGb /fjt, /fh s]=;L=, kNnjL e08f/L, :j0fL{df u'?ª, cg' uf}td, 5]jfu+ z]kf{, oz:jL l;jfsf]6L cfbLsf g[Ton] bz{sx?nfO{ e/k'/ dgf]/~hg lbnfPsf] lyof] .

le;f lgz'Ns kfpg]

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cS6f]a/ @, @))#

æg]kfnLåf/f g]kfnLsf nfluÆ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy >L % sf] ;/sf/, g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo dxf;+3 / ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx¿sf] …cfk|jf;L g]kfnL cGt/f{li6|o ;dGjo ;ldltÚ -cfO;L;L_ sf] cfof]hgfdf cfufdL cS6f]a/ !! b]lv !$ tfl/v;Dd sf7df8f}Fdf x'g uO/x]sf] cfk|jf;L g]kfnLx¿sf] ;Dd]ngdf efu lng hfg]x?sf nflu ;/sf/n] lgMz'Ns le;fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sf, c:6|]lnof, a]nfot nufot ;+;f/sf w]/} efudf /x]sf g]kfnLd"nsf t/ g]kfnL gful/stf Toflu;s]sf / ljb]zs} gful/s alg;s]sfx?nfO{ ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL x'g]x?nfO{ ;/sf/n] le;f z'Ns glng] lg0f{o u/]sf] hfgsf/L cd]l/sfl:ylt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf k|yd ;lrj s[i0frGb| cof{nn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ lbg'ePsf] 5 .

cd]l/sfsf g]kfnLn] bz}+ cfcfkm\g} cg's'n kf/]/ dgfpF5g\

lu/Lz kf]v/]n
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, cS6f]a/ !, @))#

ljutsf jif{x?df h:t} o; k6ssf] bz}+sf] pknIodf jfl;+ª6g 8L;L nufotsf cd]l/sfsf ljleGg /fHodf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] cfˆgfcfˆgf tl/sfn] bz}+ dgfpg] ePsf 5g\ .
o;} ;Gbe{df 8L;Lsf g]kfnLx?sf nflu cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L, jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ln] Ps d]nfsf] sfo{qmd u/L bz}+ dgfpg] ePsf] 5 .
pQm d]nf cS6f]a/ !@ tfl/v cfOtaf/sf lbg elh{lgofl:yt Ps ;efsIfdf ul/g]]] hfgsf/L cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Ln] lbPsf] 5 .
cfof]hssf cg';f/ d]nfdf ;s];Dd bz}+sf] dxTjnfO{ emNsfOg'sf ;fy} g]kfnL snf ;+:s[ltnfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbOg] ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL vfgfsf kl/sf/ tyf sljtfsf] sfo{qmdb]lv lnP/ g]kfnL gfr ufg / s]6fs]6Lsf nflu ljz]if v]nsf] Joj:yf ul/g] pQm bz}+ d]nfn] ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnL lxGb"x?nfO{ cfkm" g]kfnaf6 6f8f ePklg xfdL g]kfnLx? hxfF x'G5f}+ cfkm\gf] ;+:s[lt klg af]s]/} NofPsf x'G5f}+ eGg] k/f];\ eGgsf nflu klg o;n] ;xof]u k'Ug] x'gfn] o:tf] d]nfsf] cfof]hgf ul/g nfu]sf] s'/f cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf sf]iffWoIf 8Da? clwsf/Ln] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'eof] .
ljz]if u/]/ o:tf d]nf sfo{qmdn] bf];|f] k':tfsf s]6fs]6Lx?n] bz}+ eg]sf] s] xf] lsg dgfpg] ul/G5 eGg] s]xL c+z hfGgsf nflu ;d]t d2t k'Ug] x'gfn] klg o:tf] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hg ul/g' ;fGble{s b]lvG5 .
o;}u/L x/]s jif{ bz}+sf] pknIodf 8L;Ll:yt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] /fhb"tsf] lgjf;df :yfgLo g]kfnLx?nfO{ lgdGq0ff u/L bz}+ ef]h ug]{ k/Dk/fnfO{ o;k6s eg] o;k6s /fhb"tsf] :jfYol:ylt cem} l7s gePsf sf/0f bz}+ s;/L dgfpg] eGg] lg0f{o ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f b"tfaf;af6 yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 eg] bz}+sf] pknIodf cd]l/sf tyf Sofgf8fdf a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnL / g]kfnL ldqx?sf nflu a8f bz}+sf] z'esfdgf eg] b"tfjf;n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
ptf bz}+ dgfpg] lznlznfdf Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf g]kfnLx?n] t cS6f]a/ !), !! / !@ tfl/vsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L bz}+ dgfpg] tof/L ul/x]sf 5g\ .
To;}u/L bz}+ dgfpg] lznlznfdf Go'of]s{sf g]kfnLx?n] klg cfpFbf] cS6f]a/ # tfl/vsf lbg Ps ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmd /fvL cfkm" cfkm"n] k};f p7fP/ lkpg] ufpg] / /dfOnf] ug]{ sfo{qmd to ul/;s]sf] s'/f Go'of]s{l:yt ;Gtf]if yklnofn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
To:t}u/L g]kfnL P08 k|m]08;\ P;f]l;P;gsf] cfof]hgfdf Pl/hf]gf If]qdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] klg ljutsf jif{x?df em}+ o;kfnL klg cS6f]a/ $ tfl/vsf lbg g]ef8f, Go'd]lS;sf] / Pl/hf]gfdf /x]sf em08} @ ;o %) hgf g]kfnLx? lkmlgS;df e]nf eO{ bz}+ sfo{qmd dgfpg nfluPsf] s'/f 8f= clDasf clwsf/Ln] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L Go'XofD;fo/l:yt sf]dn kf]v/]nsf cg';f/ ToxfF a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf em08} tLg ;osf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] cS6f]a/ !* tfl/vdf bz}+ kf6L{ u/]/ bz}+ dgfpg nfluPsf] hfgsf/L g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ lbg'ePsf] 5 . pQm kf6L{df glhs /x]sf kmfd{x?af6 v;Lsf] df;' Nofpg] / kSs' agfP/ vfg] g]kfnL gfrufg ug]{ h:tf ljljw sfo{qm u/]/ Psfk;df bz}+ tyf ltxf/sf] z'esfdgf cfbfgk|bfg ul/g] 5 .
To:t} af]:6gdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7g u|]6/ af]:6g g]kfnL sDo'lg6Ln] eg] ;]K6]Da/ @* s} lbg bz}+ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/;s]sf] s'/f af]:6gl:yt ljdn g]kfnn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . em08} kfFr ;o g]kfnLx? pkl:yt /x]sf] pQm sfo{qmddf g]kfnL kl/sf/n] bz}+ lgDTofOPsf] lyof] eg] cGtdf ;fd'lxs gfr sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;f]xL g]kfnL sDo'lg6Lsf] cfufdL Ps jif{sf nflu k|zGg 9'+u]nsf] cWoIftfdf Ps gofF sfo{;ldlt rog ul/Psf] 5 .
ptf sf]nf]/f8f]l:yt /SsL dfpG6]G6sf] cfof]hgfdf cS6f]a/ !) tfl/vsf lbg bz}+ e]nf ul/g] ePsf] s'/f sf]nf]/f8f]l:yt u+uf rf}nfufO{+n] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 .
To:t} k]lG;ne]lgofl:yt u|]6/ lkmnf8]lNkmof If]qsf g]kfnx?n] cS6f]a/ !! tfl/vsf] ;fFem :yfgLo Ps sDo'lg6L xndf ljutsf jif{x? em}+ bz}+sf] pknIodf bz}+ sfo{qmd ug]{ ePsf] s'/f ;'dg ltdlN;gfn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
o;/L cd]l/sf tyf Sofgf8fdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] bz}+sf] cj;/df ;dofg's'n kf/]/ ;a}n] Psfk;df bz}+sf] z'esfdgf ;f6f;f6 ub}{ bz}+ dgfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
ptf 6]S;f;l:yt g]kfnL ;f];fO6L 6]S;f;sf] cfof]hgfdf cS6f]a/ # tfl/v zlgaf/ ;fFem bz}+ sfo{qmd dgfpg] tof/Ldf /x]sf] s'/f 6]S;f;l:yt eLd sfsL{n] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 . 6]S;f;l:yt /x]sf] g]kfnL ;f];fO6Lsf] ljutsf jif{x?df r'gfjL k|lqmofaf6 kbflwsf/Lx? /xFb} cfPsf]df o;k6s eg] ;j{;Ddltdf a}s'07 yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo ;ldlt ;d]t rog ePsf] s'/f klg sfsL{n] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
o;/L st} g]kfnL ;dfhs} cu|;/tfdf o:tf bz}+ sfo{qmd x'g]ePsf 5g\ t st} tLg rf/ kl/jf/ ldn]/ Psfk;df bz}+ ef]h ug]{ sfo{qmd cGo ljleGg /fHox?df ul/g] k/Dk/f g]kfnLx?sf] al;;s]sf] 5 .

bz}+df v;L g} vfG5g\

k|foh;f] cd]l/sfsf ;a} /fHosf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf g]kfnLx? bz}+sf] cj;/df v;Ls} df;' h'6fpg nfu]sf x'G5g\ . tLg rf/ 306fsf] df]6/ 8|fOleª u/]/ eP klg v;L lng hfg] g]kfnLx?sf] eL8 :yfgLo kmfd{x?df lgSs} b]lvG5 . v;L sf6\g nufP/ cfGw|fe'F8L / /lQm ;d]t lnP/ 3/ 3/df cfpg] g]kfnLx?n] ;fFRr} g} g]kfndf bz}+df v;L af]sf sf6] em} u/]/ cfˆg} xftn] v;L af]sfsf] e'F8L w'g]b]lv lnP/ ;Dk"{0f sfd u/]/ 3/ 3/df df;' leq\ofpg] k/Dk/f cd]l/sfsf x/]s /fHodf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] al;;s]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] ;Ldf ljjfbaf/] 8L;Ldf uf]i7L

k|]d ;+u|f}nf
Jffl;+u6g 8L;L, cS6f]a/ !, @))#

cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L Jffl;+u6g 8L;Lsf] cfof]hgfdf Jffl;+u6g 8L;Ll:yt dfpG6 Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6df g]kfnsf] ;Ldfgf ;DaGwL ljifodf ljrf/ uf]i7L ;+kGg eof] . g]kfnsf] ;Ldfgf gfds lstfadf dbg k/:sf/ k|fKt a'l4gf/fo0f >]i7n] g]kfnsf] ;Ldfgf ;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"dL, cGt/fli6|o ;Ldf Joj:yfkg, sfnfkfgL;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s tYox? Nfufot g]kfn rLg tyf g]kfn ef/t ;Ldf ljjfb jf/] k|sfz kfb}{ ;Ldf Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIox?df cfkm\gf egfOx? /fVg' eof] .
cfheGbf @)) jif{ cl3 g]kfnsf] ;Ldfgf k"j{df l6i6fb]lv klZrddf sf+u8f;Dd /x]sf] h;nfO{ u|]6/ g]kfnsf gfdn] lrlgG5 eGb} ;'uf}nL ;GwL kl5 u|]6/ g]kfn v'lDrP/ k"j{df d]rL / klZrddf dxfsfnL;Dd dfq ;Lldt ePsf] k|sfz kfb}{ g]kfn / ef/t aLrdf ;'uf}nL ;lGwb]lv g} ;Ldf ljjfb /xb} cfPsf] tYo cf}+Nofpg' eof] . g]kfn / rLg aLrdf #@ j6f ;Ldf If]qdf ljjfb lyof] / ;a} ljjfb kf}g] # jif{sf] cjlwdf /fhg}lts tyf k|fljlws txaf6 ;'lNemPsf] lyof] eg] g]kfn ef/t aLrdf ;Ldf ljjfb cem;Dd ;'Nemg g;s]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] . # jif{ cufl8 ;Dd g]kfn ef/t aLr %# j6f ;Ldf If]qdf ljjfb lyof] eg] xfn %$ j6f If]qdf ljjfb /x]sf] s'/f pxf+n] k|i6 kfg'{ eof] . To;f] t g]kfnsf @^ lhNnf;Fu ef/tsf] ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf] 5 .
sfnfkfgLsf] ljjfbsf af/]df ef/t, j]nfot, ?;, hd{gL, cd]l/sf nufotsf b]zx?n] lgsfn]sf gS;fsf] xjfnf lb+b} ;'uf}nL ;lGwdf pNn]v ePsf] klZrd g]kfnsf] ;Ldfgf sfnL gbL g} cflwsfl/s P]ltxfl;s tYo ePsf] hgfpb} ;'uf}nL ;lGwb]lv !*%) ;DDfsf ;a} gS;fdf sfnL gbL k|i6 pNn]v ePsf] t/ To;kl5sf gS;fdf z'?df leGb} gfdfs/0f u/L kl5 cfP/ tL gS;fx?df sfnL gbLsf] gfd g} pNn]v gul/Psf] tYo b]vf+pb} ;g\ !*&( kl5 k|i6 ?kdf sf6f]{u|flkms Pu|];g ePsf] atfpg' eof] . To;a]nfsf] j[l6z ;fd|fHosf] o'udf sfnfkfgL If]q rLg;Fusf] ;'/Iffsf] b[li6df cToGt pkof]uL lyof] eg] :jtGq ef/tsf] nflu klg ;fdl/s tyf Jofkf/ jfl0fHo h:tf If]qsf] nflu pkof]uL b]lvG5 . ;'/Iffsf] lx;fan] lnlDkofw'/fsf] 8f+8faf6 rLg / ef/tsf] ;Ldfgfdf cfjt hfjt ug]{sf] /]s8{ /fVg ;lsG5 eg] lbNnLaf6 sfnfkfgL x'b} rLg hfg cfp+g ;d]t ;'ud / glhs kg]{ ePsfn] klg sfnfkfgL ljjfb 6'+lugdf ef/tsf] tkm{af6 l9nfO ePsf] cGbfh ug{ ;lsg] pxfFsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] lyof] .
;Ldf ljjfb ;'Nemfpg] k|of;df g]kfnsf tkm{af6 kof{Kt u[xsfo{ gk'u]sf] :d/0f ub}{ >]i7n] +eGg'eof], sfnfkfgLdf g]kfnsf] bfjLnfO{ ef/tn] gsfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o;df ef/tn] hlxn] klg ljleGg jxfgfdf l9nfO{ ug]{, Jo'/f]qm]l6s kmGbfdf km;f+pg] u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ o; ljjfbnfO{ l56f] ;dfwfg ug{ hg:t/af6, k|fljlws :t/af6, s"6g}lts tyf /fhg}lts :t/af6 bjfj >[hgf u/]/dfq ;+ej b]lvG5 eGg' eof] .
g]kfnsf] ;Ldf Joj:yfkgsf] af/]df pNn]v ub}{ >]i7n] g]kfn rLg aLrdf /]u'n]6]8 jf]8{/ tyf @) lsnf]ld6/ If]q leq s;}n] klg ;}lgs ultljlw ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yfdf cfwfl/t 5 eg] g]kfn ef/t aLrsf] ;Ldf Joj:yfkgdf ljljw k|sf/sf cj:yfx? /xb} cfPsf] cf}+Nofpg' eof] . g]kfn ef/t aLr ;'uf}nL ;lGw cufl8 Snf]H8 jf]8{/ l;:6d lyof] eg] To;kl5sf] s]xL ;do;Dd /]u'n]6]8 jf]8{/ l;:6d /x]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !*^) kl5 -ef/tLo l;kfxL ljb|f]x kl5_ g]kfn ef/t aLr v'nf ;Ldfgf Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 eg] ef/t :jtGq ePkl5 / @))& ;fn -;g !(%!_ kl5 ;Ldfgf cem v'nf ePsf], jL/u+h sf7df8f}+ hf]8g] lqe"jg /fhky ag]kl5 v'nf ;Ldfgf Xjf+Uu} ePsf] atfpb} ;]K6]Dj/ !! kl5 ef/tLo ;Ldfdf kf/f ldln6/L kmf];{ /fVg'n] Jojxf/t=+ ;Ldfgf k"0f{ ?kdf v'nf ug'{x'Gg eGg] cfzo ef/tsf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 eGb} g]kfnn] klg xfn dlN6 OlG6| kld{6 nfu" u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .
xfn} cfP/ ef/tn] g]kfn ef/t ;LdfnfO{ ;]s'l/l6e ;]lG;l6e, c08/ cJh/e]zg / gd{n u/L # efudf af+8]/ ;Ldf Joj:yfkg ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 eGg'x'b} >]i7n] v'nf ;Ldfgfsf kmfObf, j]kmfObsf] pNn]v ug'{sf ;fy} ;Ldf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL j}slNks ;'emfj ;d]t k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf 8f= lrq ltjf/L, gu]Gb| kf}8]n, /fh]Gb| cf]nL, lji0f' yfkf, s[i0f cof{n, v]d e§rg, slkn l;6f}nf, k|]d ;+u|f}nf nufotn] ljleGg k|Zg tyf lh1f;f /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] z'?df cd]]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf cWoIo /fh]Gb| cf]nLn] ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] k|]d ;+u|f}nfn] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

hd{gLdf g]kfnLx?sf] sfo{qmd

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
hd{gL, cS6f]a/ !, @))#

hd{gLdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:yf æg]kfn kl/jf/Æn] cfkm\gf] jflif{s sfo{qmd ;]K6]Da/ @* tfl/vsf lbg hd{gLdf ljljw sfo{qmd u/L ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
hd{gLsf nflu g]kfnL dxfjfl0fHob"t /fdk|tfk yfkfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf dxfjfl0fHob"t yfkfn] g]kfndf x'g uO/x]sf] cfk|jf;L g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ngnfO{ hd{gLdf /x]sf k|jf;L g]kfnLx?n] klg efu lnP/ ;kmn kfl/lbg x'g cg'/f]w ub}{ hd{gLdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf nflu cfkm\gf] jfl0fHob"tfaf;n] s] ;xof]u ug'{k5{ To;sf nflu b"tfaf; tof/ /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3sf dxfdGqL uugs'df/ yfkfn] clxn] b]zleqsf] ;jf{lws dxTjsf] ljifo eg]sf] zflGt xf] / zflGt :yfkgfsf lglDt b]zleq / aflx/ /x]sf ;a} g]kfnLx?n] oyf;So lsl;dn] OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s ;fy lbg'kg]{ atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm jflif{s sfo{qmddf lbn u'?ª, lbg]z dfgGw/ / pQd a:g]tn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng z/0f s]=;L=n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . em08} b'O{ ;o hgfsf] pkl:yltdf ;~rfng ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf hd{gLx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

cg];f; ;+;f/sf rf}jL; If]qdf

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, cS6f]a/ !, @))#

cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhsf] ljZj sfo{hfnf] ;+;f/sf @$ If]qdf lj:tf/ePsf] hfgsf/L cGt/f{li6|o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
;dfhsf dxf;lrj uf]kfn /]UdL4f/f k|]l;t pQm lj1lKtsf cg';f/ cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhn] cd]l/sfsf sf]nf]/f8f], Pl/hf]gf, g]efbf, g]a|f:sf, gy{ Sof/f]lngf / sg]lS6s /fHox?df tyf cGo d'n'sx? hfkfg, ?;, a]lNhod, kf]r'{un, ci6"]lnof / ;fpbL c/]laofdf u/L yk !! RofK6/x? u7g u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf ljutb]lv g} ul7t g]kfn RofK6/ ;lxt ;dfhsf RofK6/x?sf] ;+Vof ca !@ k'u]sf] 5 . o; afx]s RofK6/ u7g x'g] qmddf /x]sf cd]l/sfsf cGo & /fHox? tyf % cGo /fi6"x?df k|ltlglwx?sf] Joa:yf u/]sf] 5 . yk RofK6/x? / k|ltlglw dfkm{t ;dfhsf] ljZj sfo{hfnf] ;+;f/sf @$ If]qdf lj:tfl/t ePsf] 5 .
o;/L ;+;f/ e/ lj:tfl/t g]kfnL dfqsf] k|d'v ;+:yfsf] ?kdf :yflkt o; ;dfh g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ Ps ;"qdf NofO{ g]kfnL klxrfgnfO{ hLjGttf lbg]] cleofgnfO{ cem b[9tfsf ;fy tLa| agfpg lqmofzLn /x]sf] 5 .
;dfhn] g]kfnL klxrfgnfO{ cIf'00f /fVg] lbzfdf ;+;f/sf ljleGg efudf /x]sf ;d:t g]kfnL ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?nfO{ cled'v ug{sf] nflu Æx/]s ;fd'bfodf g]kfnL klxrfgnfO{ hLjGt / bLuf] /fVg h'6F}Æ eGg] cleofg cl3 a9fPsf] 5 .

hfkfgdf g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhsf] :yfkgf

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
hfkfg -6f]lsof]_, cS6f]a/ !, @))#

hfkfgdf /x]sf ;flxTosdL{, ;flxTofg'/fuL g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;d]6L ;flxTo;DaGwL ljljw s[ofsnfk ;+rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, hfkfg s]Gb|sf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
pQm s]Gb|sf] kbflwsf/Lx?df, cWoIf s'df/ a:g]t, pkfWoIf x]dgfy l3ld/], dxf;lrj kf08j/fh sfsL{, ;lrj ;'a]z l3ld/] / sf]iffWoIf lbkf /fhe08f/L /xg' ePsf] kfFr ;b:oLo sfo{sf/L ;ldlt ljlwjt btf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
;dfhn] g]kfnL tyf hfkfgL ;flxTosf/x?sf aLr ;flxlTos sfo{qmdsf] cfbfg k|bfgdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgefpg] s'/f ;dfhsf cWoIf a:g]tn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 . hfkfg ;dfhn] cfufdL lbgx?df Vofltk|fKt g]kfnL ;flxTosf/sf] :d[tLdf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? klg ;+rfng ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
klxnf] sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf cfufdL nIdLk"hfsf] cj;/ kf/]/ cS6f]a/ @% tfl/vsf lbg 6f]Sof]l:yt dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] :d[tLdf Ps slj ;Dd]ng ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . s]Gb|n] cfkm\gf] cfly{s sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L eljiodf g]kfnL ;flxTosf/nfO{ hfkfg e|d0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg sf]lz; ug]{ 5 eg] hfkfgL ;flxTosf/nfO{ klg g]kfndf ;flxlTos cfbg k|bfgsf] nflu k|]l/t ug]{5 . g]kfnL Pj+ hfkfgL ;flxlTos /rgfnfO{ Ps csf]{ efiffdf cg'jfbsf] nflu kxn ug{' o; hfkfg s]Gb|sf] csf]{ p2]Zo /xg] 5 . o; ;+:yfsf] d'Vo sfof{no eg] cd]l/sfsf] jfl;+6g l8;Ldf cjl:yt 5 .

gu/sf]6df r+uf Ro]6

/fh]z 9'+ufgf
sf7df8f}+ ;]K6]Da/ @&, @))#

;w}+sf] o'4 / g]kfn aGbn] ubf{ lbgk|ltlbg g]kfnsf] ko{6g Joj;fo dfly p7\g g;:sg] cj:yf 5Fbf 5Fb} klg ko{6sx?sf] Wofgdf /fv]/ Sna lxdfnog l/;f]6{, gu/sf]6n] ær+uf Ro]6Æ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/\of] .
pQm ær+uf Ro]6Æ sfo{qmd ko{6sLo b[i6Lsf]0fn] w]/} g} ;x|fgLo lyof] . :jb]zL Pj+ ljb]zL ko{6ssf] pQm sfo{qmdf pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfn l:yt ljb]zL s"6gLlts1x? klg pkl:yt ePsf lyP . ;f] r+uf Ro]6 sfo{qmdn] g]kfnLsf] dxfg rf8 bz}+sf] z'?cftsf] ;+s]t klg ub{5 .
cfhsf] r+uf Ro]6 sfo{qmddf olt 6"fen k|yd, OGe]i6d]06 a}+s låtLo / cdfTo u|'k t[tLo ePsf 5g\ . ;f] r+uf Ro]6 sfo{qmddf #@ j6f Joj;foLsx?n] efu lnPsf lyP .

dfcf]jfbL4f/f bz}+sf nflu hgo'4 :ylut

g]kfnL kf]i6, ;]K6]Da/ @^, @))#

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{+ -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r08n] ;]K6]Da/ @^ df Ps jStJo k|sflzt ub}{ bz}+ cjlwe/sf nflu cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf tkm{af6 o'4 lj/fd ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ . pQm lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
æhg;d'bfosf] efjgf Pj+ ljleGg /fhg}lts / dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3, ;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ckLn;d]tnfO{ u+eL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ul/ xfd|f] kf6L{n] bz}+sf ;Gbe{df olx cflZjg !% ut] b]lv @# ut];Dd cyf{t\ ;KtdLb]lv k"l0f{df;Ddsf] ( lbgsfnflu cfkm\gf tkm{af6 ;a} k|sf/sf cfs|ds sfo{jfxLx? :ylut ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{n] PstkmL{?kdf u/]sf] of] :yugsf] cjlwdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] slyt ;'/Iff lgsfo4f/f hgtf Pj+ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] s'g} klg OsfO{dfly xdnf ul/Pdf To;sf] ;zQm k|ltsf/sfnflu ;ls|o /Iffsf] cj:yfdf /xg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no4f/f l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQm, hgd'lQm ;]gf / gof+ hg;Qfsf ;a} c+ux?nfO{ lgb]{lzt ul/Psf] 5 .
cfh j}b]lzs zlQm s]Gb|x? d'Vot cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] xftdf v]ln/x]sf] k|ltufdL k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] xfd|f lj?4 o'4lj/fd / jftf{ e+u u/]sf] em'§f] / lgof]lht cf/f]k v8f ul/ To;nfO{ hgtf dfg]{ nfO{;]G; agfpg sz/t ul//x]sf] 5 . t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{;Dd cfp+bf gof+ /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] 9f]sf aGb ug]{, cfkm\gf] efUo / eljiosf] km}znf ug]{ ;fj{ef}d clwsf/af6 hg;d'bfonfO{ jl~rt ug]{ tyf o'4lj/fd eP b]lvg} To;sf] 7f8f] pNnª3g ub}{ xTof / cft+ssf] >[+vnf a9fp+b} nu]/ jftf{ rln/x]s} a]nf bf]/Dafdf sfo/tf / kfzljstfn] el/Psf] g/;+xf/ dRrfP/ k|lt/f]wsf lgldQ xfd|f] kf6L{ / hg;d'bfonfO{ jfWo kfg]{ tTjx?n] To; lsl;dsf] k|rf/ ug'{ ;'o{nfO{ xTs]nfn] 5f]Kg vf]Hg] d"v{tf dfq xf] . hg;d'bfoaf6 k"/} cnu-ynu ePsf] cfkm\gf] k|ltufdL ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] cfo' nDAofpg] xltof/sf?kdf o'4lj/fd / jftf{nfO{ k|of]u ug{ vf]Hg' eGbf 7"nf] if8oGq c? s]xL x'g g;Sg] tYo cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] /fd|f];+u a'em]sf] s'/f tLg lbgsf] g]kfn aGb / b]zJoflk k|lt/f]wsf] ;kmntfn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gof+ /0fgLlt cGtu{tsf k|f/lDes k|lt/f]waf6 g} xf]; u'dfPsf slyt zfxL ;]gfsf gfOs]x?n] Psflt/ rf/}lt/ eO/x]sf] k/fhodfly kbf{ xfNg ljz'4 em'§f] k|rf/sf] ;xf/f lnO/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ cfkm\gf b}lgs sfo{df ;+nUg uf+p3/sf lgbf]{if / lgxTyf hgtfsf] xTof u/]/ d"7e]8sf e'§f aofg hfl/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfn} xfd|f] gof+ /0fgLltaf6 ddf{xt ePsf] t/m To;sf] c;ln dd{ a'emg\ k"0f{tM c;kmn ePsf] k|df0f k|:t"t ub}{ g]kfnu+hdf slyt zfxL ;]gfsf] Pp6f gfOs]n] u/]sf] sfnf] afGtf, pbok'/df 3fF;bfp/f ug{ uPsf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]/ tyf cf5fddf ;fgfltgf Jofkf/ ug]{ :yflgo hgtfsf] xTof u/]/ æd"7e]8df w]/} dfcf]jfbL dfl/Psf]Æ k|rf/ b]lv ;nf{xLdf 8f+sfx?sf] lu/f]xnfO{ dfcf]jfbL eg]/ k|rf/ ug'{;Ddn] pQm tYonfO{ :ki6 ub{5g\ . cd]l/sf nufotsf j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbLx?n] lbPsf @ . $ j6f gofF xltof/sf andf g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jfledfgdfly v]njf8 ug]{, k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ef8fsf l;kfxLx?sf s[ofsnfk of] eGbf csf]{ /x]sf] 5}g . k'/fgf] ;Qf / p;sf] slyt ;]gf cfh /fi6"3ft, hgxTof, cft+s / anfTsf/sf] dfq k|ltlglw aGg k'u]sf] 5 / olx jf:tljstfn] ljb|f]x / k|lt/f]wnfO{ clgjfo{ agfPsf] 5 .
lglZrog} b]z k'gM u[xo'4df ws]lnPsf]df xfdL cToGt ;+j]bglzn 5f}+ . xfdL b]zdf jf:tljs o'4lj/fd, zflGt / k|ult rfxfG5f}+ . b]zsf] :jtGqtf / k|ultsf lgldQ ;Dk"0f{?kn] ;dlk{t hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/L x'g'sf] gftfn] j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbLx?sf] cf8 / lgb]{zgdf g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] cl:dtfdfly eO/x]sf v]njf8sf] lj?4 cGt;Dd n8\g] xfd|f] P]ltxfl;s sQ{Jojf]w klg Tolx ;+j]bglzntfsf] pRrtd cleJolQm xf] . @! cf}+ ztflAbsf dxfg g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] eljiosf] km}znf cfkm}+ ug]{ ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ k|fKt gx'+bf;Dd ljb|f]xsf] g]t[Tj ug{ xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ . ljut o'4lj/fd / jftf{ k|ls|of4f/f zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] lgsf; vf]Hg] xfd|f] / hgtfsf] pT;fx, lhDd]jf/Ljf]w / nrstfsf lj?4 k'/fgf] ;Qfn] 7"nf] ljZjf;3ft u/]sf]] 5 . To;af6 xfdLn] dfq o'4lj/fd u/]/ tyf To;sf] kfng u/]/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg] oyf{y k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qf / slyt zfxL ;]gfsf ck/flws s[ofsnfksf sf/0fg} xfdLn] rfx]/klg ljleGg hfthftL, efiff, eflif / ;fF:s[lts lj/fzt;lxtsf g]kfnL hgtfsf k/Dk/fut rf8 kj{x?df Ps kIfLo?kdf o'4lj/fd ul//xg' cGttM plgx?nfO{ g} cgfjZos cj;/ lbg'dfq x'g k'Ub5 . To;sf/0f ljb]zL k|lts[ofjfbsf] a'O{ r9]/ g]kfnL hgtfdfly cTofrf/ ug]{ k'/fgf] ;Qfdflyg} bafj s]Gb|Lt ug{ xfdL b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ hgkIfLo /fhg}lts zlQm dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3. ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh nufot cfd hg;d'bfo;+u xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/nfO{ jf:tljs cy{df ;Ddfg ug{ k'/fgf] ;Qf tof/ x'g] lalQs} xfdL :yfoL o'4lj/fd ug{ ;d]t tof/ 5f}+ . cGoyf k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ a9f/]/ gkmfn];Dd nl8/xg k|lta4 /x]sf] s'/f k'gM :ki6 ug{ rfxfG5f}+ .Æ

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;fO{ afafsf] zlQm / cflz{jfb kfPsL oL dlxnfsf af/]df g]kfnd} klg w]/}nfO{ yfxf gx'g ;S5 .
o;k6ssf] cd]l/sf e|d0fsf qmddf ljleGg 7fpFx?df ePsf ehg ;df/f]xx?df pxfFsf] vfnL xftaf6 lje"tL -v/fgL_ cfpg], eQmx?nfO{ cf}+7L Pj+ ns]6 k|fKt x'g] 36gfx? eO{ g} /x]sf] kfOof] . ;]K6]Da/ $ b]lv !! ;Dd ;fO{ alxgL d]l/Nof08l:yt 8f= ab|L nfld5fg]sf] lgjf;df x'g'x'GYof] . ;f] cj;/df pxfFn] ljleGg >4fn' eQmhgx?n] /fv]sf ehg sfo{qmddf ;l/s x'g'ePsf] lyof] . o;} qmddf d]l/Nof08l:yt g]kfnLx?sf] kz'klt a'4 dlGb/df cfof]lht ehg sfo{qmddf k]lG;ne]lgofaf6 cfPsf Ps ef/tLo eQmhgnfO{ ns]6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . To:t} elh{lgof lgjf;L ;'/]z ;fksf]6f / d]l/Nof08 lgjf;L l8gf nfld5fg]nfO{ ns]6 k|fKt ePsf] lyof] eg] ;]K6]Da/ % tfl/vsf] ljxfg lrGtfdl0f nfld5fg]n] rfFbLsf] v/fp k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . tL ;a} cb\e"t lnnfx? ;fO{ alxgLsf xftaf6 ePsf x'g\ . o;} lznlznfdf ;]K6]Da/ * tfl/v ;fFem ehg sLt{g eO/x]sf a]nf k|l;4 nf]s ufos k|]d/fhf dxtnfO{ ;of}+ eQmhgx?sf dfem ns]6 ;[hgf ePsf] of] k+lQmsf/ cfkm}+n] b]Vg] z'ecj;/ kfPsf] lyof] . o;cl3 klg ufos k|]d/fhf dxtnfO{ ;fO{ alxgLn] Ps cf}+7L k|bfg ul/;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL lbg ;fFemsf] cf/tLsf] tof/Lsf qmddf /]g' nfld5fg]nfO{ klg ns]6 k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .
o;cl3 s[i0fhGdi6dLsf lbg 6]g];Ll:yt Gof;lendf /x]sf] u0f]z dlGb/df hxfF x/]s !@ jif{df s'Decleif]sdf k"hf x'G5 ;f]xL cj;/df /fwfafa' gfds Ps ef/tLonfO{ nIdLsf] d"lt{ / /d]zg/l;+x cdfTonfO{ ;fO{ alxgLaf6 lzjln+u k|fKt ePsf] s'/f u0f]z >]i7n] o; k+lQmsf/nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
o;}u/L s[i0fhGdfi6dLs} lbg 6]g];Lsf /d]z cdfTosf] 3/df eujfg >Ls[i0fsf] 9nf]6sf] d"lt{ pTkGg ePsf] 5 .
PssfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] of] clt ef}lts o'udf ;fdfGo n]vk9;Dd ghfGg] dlxnfdf cnf}lss b}jL zlQm k|fKt x'g' / To;sf] ;fIfft cg'e"t cd]l/sL e"lddf ;d]t x'g' cfkm}+df /f]dfGrsf/L ag]sf] 5 . o;k6s pxfFsf g]kfnL eQmx?df dfq geO{ ef/tLo, clk|msL Pj+ cd]l/sL ;d]t kfOPsf 5g\ .
;fO{ alxgLsf af/]df 8f= ab|L nfld5fg] eGg'x'G5, pxfFnfO{ e]6]kl5 eujfg x'g'x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] HjnGt cg'ej cfkm"nfO{ ePsf] 5 . d ;fg}b]lv z+s/ eujfgsf] eQm lyPF a]nfa]nfdf ;fO{ rdTsf/ klg ;'Gy]+ t/ clxn] cfkm\g} cfFvfsf cufl8 ;fO{ alxgLsf] rdTsf/ b]v]kl5 eujfgk|lt k"0f{ ljZjf; a9]/ uPsf] pxfF atfpg'x'G5 .
;fO{ alxgL cfufdL ltxf/;Dd cd]l/sfdf a:g'x'g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 . cfufdL bz}+df ;fO{ alxgLsf] ;Ddfgdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf x'g] ePsf] hfgsf/L klg 6]g];Lsf ;fO{ eQmx?n] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .

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;fOa/ ck/fw cGt/ut kg]{ o:tf u}/ s[ofnfkk|lt g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sd kl/jf/ cfklQ hgfpFb} cfufdL lbgdf s'g} ;d'xaf6 klg o; k|sf/sf sfd gug{ ;d]t cfu|x ub{5 .
g]kfnL ;~rf/ If]qdfly k|ToIf ?kd} clxn] ;/sf/ / hgo'4sf/Lx? b'j}n] wfjf af]ln/x]sf a]nf ;~rf/dflysf] ;fOa/ cfqmd0f ul/g' lgGbgLo sfo{ xf] . o;y{ o; sfo{k|lt cfd ;~rf/ ;d'bfon] Ps eP/ cfjfh p7fpg ;d]t g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sd ;a} ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ cfu|x ub{5 .

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o;sf] lhDd]jf/L s;n] lng] < oxL ;Gbe{df afnaflnsf zflGt If]q x'g\ eGg] cfXjfgsf ;fy cGt/f{li6"o zflGt lbj; @))# sf] pknIodf zflGtsf nflu b]zel/ 306L ahfcf}+sf] cleofg cGt/ut ;]K6]Da/ @! sf lbg sf7df8f}+df lbp+;f] !@ ah] @ ldg]6 306L ahfpg] qmddf /fhwfgLdf cfh adsf] ;§fdf :s"nsf afnaflnsf, a[4a4f, sfdbf/, sd{rf/L Pj+ cGon] klg dgdf]xs tl/sfn] 3/3/df /x]sf 306L, clkm;sf] 306L, l;6L, ;fOsnsf] 306L, oftfoft ;fwgsf] xg{, d7dlGb/df /x]sf z+v / 306Lx? Pj+ ;a} h;f] 306Lx? ahfP/ zflGtsf] k'sf/sf] u'~hfdo u/] .

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k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qf / p;sf e/f}6]x?sf] s"ts{ ljkl/t aGbsf] of] ;kmntf cft+ssf lj?4 k|lt/f]wsf] kl/0ffd xf] eGb} clxn] tLg lbg nfdf] g]kfn aGbnfO{ k"0f{?kn] ;kmn kf/]/ hg;d'bfo4f/f, j:t"tM cu|ufdL lgsf;sf lgldQ cfkm"x?n] cl3 ;f/]sf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg-;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] Go"gtd sfo{;"rLnfO{ Ps k6s k'gM Jofks?kdf cg'df]lbt ul/Psf] bfjL klg pgLx?sf] /x]sf] 5 . aGbdf ;fy lbg] / zfxL ;}lgs cft+ssf] jL/tfk"0f{ k|lt/f]wsf qmddf zfxbt k|fKt ug}{ cd/ zxLbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >|4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ aGb ;kmn kfg{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] tdfd qmflGtsf/L Pj+ cfd hg;d'bfodf Gofgf] clejfbg ;lxt dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf / ;+of]hsn] xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ .
;f]xL jStJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, 36gfqmdx?n] :ki6 ul//x]sf 5g\ ls j}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfb, d'VotM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] a'O{ r9]/ b]zsf] /fli6"o :jtGqtf Pj+ hgtfsf] lxt / kl/jt{gsf] cfs+fIffsf lj?4 uO/x]sf] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qf hg;d'bfoaf6 k'/} cnu-ynu eO;s]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbsf] /f]6Lsf] 6'qmf / O;f/fdf rNg] ef8fsf l;kfxLdf ktg ePsf] slyt zfxL ;]gfsf] sfd cfh b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf ;dlk{t of]4fx?sf] sfo/tfk"j{s xTof ug'{ ePsf] 5 . Oltxf;sf] of] ;+j]bgz:n 3l8df b]z / hgtfsf] /Iff, d'lQm, zflGt / k|ultsf nflu zfxL ;}lgs cft+snfO{ k/f:t ug{ clgjfo{ 5 / To;sf nflu hgo'4sf] csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . cfkm\gf] efUo / eljiosf] km};nf ug]{ hg;d'bfosf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ :yflkt gx'Fbf;Dd hgo'4 lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\g] s'/f klg pgLx?n] aStJodfkm{t\ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .
of] dxfg hgo'4, ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfn] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|of]u ub}{ ;~rfng u/]sf] P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]x xf] eGb} Oltxf;sf tdfd dxfg ljb|f]x / qmflGt h:t} of] klg sltko e"n, sdL / b'3{6gf ;d]tsf aLraf6 cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 eGb} ljsf; / ljhosf] ;fy ;fy} qmflGtsf/L zlQm cem kl/kSj aGb} hfg] s'/f ;"lglZrt 5 . of] P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]xdf cem b[9tfk"j{s nfda4 eO{ gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf Psh"6 x'g xfdL ;Dk"0f{ jfdk+yL, k|ultzLn, b]zeQm / hgjfbL zlQm Pj+ cfd hg;d'bfo;Fu ;f]xL jStJodfkm{t\ ckLn ul/Psf] 5 .

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ljut s]xL ;dob]lv sf7df8f}+df k|j]; u/]sf] cGt/f{li6|o ck/fwLsf ?kdf lrlgg] k|mfG;]nL gful/s rfN;{ ;f]e/fh u'/d"nnfO{ g]kfn k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 .
;f]e/fhnfO{ nfu" cf}ifw, xTofsf08 / t:s/ h:tf ck/fw sfo{ ug]{sf ?kdf lrlgg] ul/G5 . ;f]e/fh u'/d'vn] @)#@ ;fn k'; ^ ut] Sofg]l8og gful/s ld= n/]G6 cf/dG6 Sofl/o/ / ;f]xL jif{sf] k'; * ut] cd]l/sL gful/s ld; sf]lghf] a|f]lghfsf] xTofdf ;+nUg /x]sf] cleof]udf sf/afxL cufl8 a9fOg]5 hfgsf/L klg k|x/L gfoj dxflg/LIfs s]zj a/fnn] kqsf/x?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . a/fnsf cg';f/, zf]e/fhn] g]kfn k|j]z ubf{ xNofG8sf] kf;kf]6{ gDa/ P; $@*(@( k|of]u u/]sf] / xfn pgL;Fu k|m]~r /fxbfgL g+= )@ jfO{cfO{ *^^& a/fdb ul/Psf] 5 .
k|x/Lsf] sAhfdf /x]sf ;f]e/fhn] k|x/L cg';Gwfgdf cfkm" g]kfndf XoflG8qmØfˆ6 / klZdgfsf] Jofkf/ ug{ cfPsf] aofg lbPsf 5g\ . pgfG;f7L jif{sf ;f]e/fhn] ef/t, yfONofG8, ckmuflg:tfg, 6sL{, g]kfn, O/fg, xªsªnufotsf d'n'sx¿df ;g\ !(&@ b]lv !(*@ sf aLrdf sl/a b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L dflg;nfO{ df/]sf] / bh{gf}F 8s}tL tyf n'6kf6sf] 36gfdf ;+nUg /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . pgnfO{ …;fFk ;]/k]G6Ú gfdn] ;d]t lrlgG5 @) jif{ ef/tl:yt clt;'/lIft ltxf8 h]ndf ;hfo ef]u]sf / ;g\ !((& df 5'6]sf lyP . lghnfO{ olx ;f]daf/ cbfntdf k]z ug]{ ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 .
k]l/;df a:b} cfPsf u'/d'vn] ljutdf cfkm"n] u/]sf uNtLsf] kZrQfk ub}{ c;n gful/s aGg] k|lt1f ub}{ cfPsf lyP . cfkm\g} ljutsf af/]df lkmNd agfpg] tof/Ldf /x]sf] u'/d'v g]kfnsf] e|d0f ;lsPkl5 lkmNd lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg /xg] tof/Ldf lyP . t/ s]xL lbgb]lv ;f]e/fh sf7df8f}+sf Sofl;gf]df h'jf v]Nb} u/]sf] cj:yfdf b]vfk/]sf lyP .

/f]Nkfdf ;ft hgfsf] dfq d[To' ePsf]] bfjL

sf7df8f} ;]K6]Da/ !(, @))#
g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw

dfcf]jfbLåf/f 3f]lift tLg lbg] g]kfn aGbsf] klxnf] / bf];|f] lbgsf] c;/ g]kfn el/g} k¥of]{ . ljxLaf/, z'qmaf/ lbge/ sf7df8f+}sf] hLjg c:tJo:t /x]sf] b]lvGYof] .
/fhwfgL nufotsf ljleGg zx/x?df k;n tyf ;jf/L ;fwfgx? aGb /x] . aGbsf] ;fFem;Dd pkTosfdf s'g} clk|o 36gf eg] 36]sf] 5}g . ptf /fhwfgL aflx/ aGbsf] klxnf] lbg kf]v/fdf lj/fdL af]Sg] PDa'n]G;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] hnfOlbPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
aGb cem} Ps lbg afFsL g} /x]sf] 5 eg] clxn];Dd /fhwfgLsf] l/ª/f]8 j/k/;Dd ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fd} /fVg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
/fhwfgLsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf cToGt s8f x'Fbf x'Fb} klg a'waf/ ;fFem dfcf]jfbLx?n] zx/df aGbsf] krf{ eg] 5g{ ;kmn ePsf b]lvGy] . olx qmddf sfe|] / lj/f6gu/df ad ljikmf]6 ePsf] 5 eg] /f]Nkfdf dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr o'4 hf/L /x]sf] ;dfrf/x? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
/f]Nkfdf %& hgfeGbf a9L dfcf]jfbLx?sf] xtfxt ePsf] ;'/Iff kmf}hn] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 k|r08n] aGbsf] bf;|f] lbg Ps jQmJo k|sflzt ub}{ pQm d"7e]8sf s|ddf dfcf]jfbLtkm{ Ps sDkgL sdf08/ dlxnf Ps ;lxt & hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] / !% hgf 3fOt] ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g . ptf ;]gftkm{ b'O{ hgfsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] / @% hgfeGbf a9L 3fOt] ePsf] hfgsf/L klg pQm lj1lKtdfkm{t\ u/fOPsf] 5 .
k|r084f/f ;]K6]Da/ !( df k|sflzt jStJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, clxn] ;fFRr} g} b'Zdgn] olb %& hgfsf] nf; e]6]sf] 5 eg] of t p;n] ljut ;+s6sfndf em}+ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf /x]sf s|flGtsf/Lx?sf] sTn]cfd u/]sf] 5 jf lgbf]{if / lgxTof hgtfsf] u'kr'k xTof u/]/ cfkm\gf] sfo/tfsf] kl/ro lbPsf] 5 . Tof] l:yltdf xfdL b]zsf tdfd hgkIfLo ;+rf/ dfWod;Fu k'/fgf ;QfkIfsf k|fof]hLt xNnfx?sf] kl5 bu'/]/ jf:tljstf hg;dIf Nofpg] cfkm\gf] sQ{Joaf6 ljd'v gx'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . b]zsf tdfd a'l4hLjL Pj+ dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3, ;+:yfx?;+u /fd]5fksf] bf]/Dafdf h:t} /f]Nkfsf] efjf8)sf] jf:tljstf ;d]t kTtf nufpg ;d]t k|r08n] cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ .
;f]xL jStJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, of] jf:tljstfsf lj?4 slyt zfxL ;]gfn] %& hgf dfcf]jfbL dfl/Psf] tyf ;of}+ 3fOt] ePsf] eGg] h:tf] em'§f] k|rf/4f/f g]kfn aGbsf] d'vdf hg;d'bfonfO{ e|ldt / cft+lst kfg]{ tyf cfkm\gf] k/fhodfly kbf{ xfNg] b'Zk|ofz ul//x]sf] 5 . s]lx lbg klxn] /f]Nkfs} sf]rf{jf8)df cfkm'n] k'/} k/fho / /Iffsf] l:ylt ef]Ug afWo ePsf] df]rf{a4 d"7e]8 - h'g d"7e]8df hgd'lQm ;]gfn] M-16 sf t]x| xhf/ / SLR sf rf/ xhf/ uf]nL ;d]t 7"nf] dfqfdf nlhl:6s;+u ;DalGwt ;fdu|Lx? sAhf u/]sf] lyof] _ sf] klg pN6f] k|rf/ u/]/ cfkm\gf hjfgx?sf] ædgf]anÆ sfod /fVg] cfTd/tL u/]sf] s'/f pQm jStJodfkm{t\ ul/Psf] 5 .

cfh pkTosfdf qf;n] ubf{ ;jf/L ;fwgn] gDa/ Kn]6 ;d]t lems]sf] kfOof] .	;'/Iffsf] s8f Joj:yf ;'/Iff qmdLn] hf+r ub}{
af6f] v'Nnf ePsf]n] :s]6L+u / ;fOsn rnfpg lgs} dHhf cfof] .	ljb]zL ko{6s ;d]t v'Nnf af6f]df ;fOsn rnfp+b} u/]sf] .

/]l8of] bf]efg tLg jif{df

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, ;]K6]Da/ !^, @))#

tLg jif{cl3b]lv x/]s cfOtaf/ Ps ah] lbpF;f] cfwf306fsf] g]kfnL efiffdf /]l8of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] /]l8of] bf]efgn] cfkm\gf] t]:f|f] jflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmd Ps agef]h sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ dgfof] .
d]l/Nof08l:yt Ps kfs{df ;DkGg pQm agef]h sfo{qmdsf cj;/df /]l8of] bf]efgn] Ps ;+lIfKt cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd ;d]t /fv]sf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf pklgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnn] /]l8of]sf] pQ/f]pQ/ k|ultsf] sfdgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
/]l8of] bf]efgsf ;~rfns gu]Gb| kf}8]nsf] ;efkltTjdf ;~rflnt pQm sfo{qmddf pkl:yt g]kfnLx?nfO{ lg/~hgdfg l;+x /]UdLn] :jfut ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf ;efkltsf] cf;gaf6 gu]Gb| kf}8]nn], To:t} /]l8of] bf]efgsf ;+:yfks ;b:odWo] 8LjL tfdfª / lg/~hgdfgl;+x /]UdLn] /]l8of] ;~rfngsf nflu cfkm"x?nfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpgsf nflu ;a} g]kfnLx?;Fu cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]jf cu{gfOh]zgsf a]b k|wfg, b P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ Og b cd]l/sfsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nf, l5d]sL ufpFsf cWoIf k|]d ;+u|f}nfn] ;xof]u :j?k /]l8of] ;~rfngsf nflu Ps Ps ;o 8n/sf] r]s k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df xfF:osnfsf/ /fhf/fd kf}8]nn] Jo+UofTds z}nLdf Ps sljtf kf7 ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng x]dGt >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .