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g]kfnL cfGbf]ngsf] lbNnLdf ;dy{g

Od]naf6
km]j'|c/L !%, @))$

g]kfndf e}/x]sf]n ;fd|fHoafbL x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w, hgo'4 / u0ftGqsf] kIfdf e}/x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;d{ygdf lbNnLsf] hGt/ dGt/ rf]saf6 km]j|'c/L !% sf lbg lj;f}+ xhf/ hgtfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] k|bz{g ;lxtsf] ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt ef/tsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ;f] hgk|bz{g kl5sf] ;efnfO{ ;+af]wg ub}{ hgjfbL df]rf{ g]kfnsf cWoIf /fd/fhf k|;fb l;+xn] g]kfndf u0ftGq :yfkgf hgtfn] l5§} ug]{ atfpg' eof] . pxf"n] hgo'4n] n}; ePsf hgtfnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbn] x/fpg g;Sg] jtfpg' eof] . ;efnfO{ hgclwsf/sf cWoIf nId0f kGt / pkfWoIf ldq z/0fn] g]kfndf rln/x]sf] hgo'4 / u0ftGqsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;d{yg ub}{ hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]ngdf nfda4 x'g cfXjfg ug'{ eof] . ;efdf al/i7 a'l4hLjL uf}td gf}n]vf, k"j{d+qL dy'/f >]i7, ljwfyL{ g]tf n]vgfy Gof}kfg], ls;fg g]tf lrqaxfb'/ >]i7, P=cfO{=lk=cf/=Pkm=sf c~hnL, e/tLo dhb'/ g]tf hubLz, e/tLo h:6Ls kf6L{sf k/ldGb/, bfh{lnªsf l8=lj= yfkf, ef/t gf}hjfgsf dLbF{ª, blnt g]tf h]=jL=/;fO{nL / hghftLaf6 u0f]z yfkfn] klg af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfndf rln/x]sf] hgo'4n] gf} jif{ k|j]z u/]sf] cj;/df ePsf] of] ;ef / k|bz{g clxn];Ddsf] ;j}eGbf 7'nf] dflgPsf] 5 .
o;}ul/ km/j/L !@ sf lbg lbNnLsf] cfO{=6L=cf]=sf] /fhejgdf g]kfndf /fhtGqsf] cf}lrTo ljifos ljrf/ uf]i7L eof] . uf]i7Ldf hgafbL df]r{f g]kfnsf cWoIf /fd/fhf k|;fb l;+xn] g]kfndf /fhtGqsf] cf}lrTo gePsf] atfpb}+ hgo'4/t dfcf]afbLsf] ;d{yg ub}{ dfcf]afbL lhGbfafb eGg' eof] . uf]i7Ldf k"j{d+qL dy'/f >]i7n] hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ s;}n] klg x/fpg g;Sg] atfpg' eof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf k|f]km];/ P;=6L= d'lg, kqsf/ cfgGb :j?k jdf{, uf}td gf}n]vf nufPtn] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .

dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf k|r08sf] uh{g

O{d]naf6
km]j|'c/L !$, @))$

kmfu'g Ps ut] cyf{t\ km]j'|c/L !# tfl/vsf lbg g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_n] cfkm\gf] hgo'4 yfn]sf] gj}f jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] pknIodf pQm kf6L{sf cWoIf k|r08n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\ . lj1lKt ;a} vfn] kf7sx?nfO{ ts{ / ax;sf nflu plrt xf]nf egL xfdLn] h:tfsf] t:t} k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ .
æ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 g]kfnL ;dfhsf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf nflu rflnPsf] b"/ufdL P]ltxfl;s sbd dxfg\ hgo'4sf] kxnn] oxL kmfNu'0f ! ut] cf7 jif{ k"/f u/L gjf}+ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . ;fdGt, gf]s/zfx / bnfn k"FhLkltju{sf lxtx?sf] /Ifs k'/fgf] /fHo;QfnfO{ Wj+z ug]{ tyf pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]q / ln+usf hgtfsf] hgjfbL gofF ;Qf lgdf{0f ug]{ :ki6 p2]Zosf ;fy kxn ul/Psf] hgo'4n] ljut cf7 jif{sf] cjlwdf cfZro{hgs tLa|tfsf ;fy l;+uf] g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ på]lnt, t/lu+t / ?kfGtl/t ub}{ cfh ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 ;d]t cfkm"nfO{ Pp6f r'gf}ltk"0f{ zlQmsf ?kdf ljsl;t u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
cf7 jif{sf] of] t'kmfgL k|lqmofdf g]kfnL hgtfsf >]i7td\ 5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] k|bz{g u/]sf / ul//x]sf ce"tk"j{ jL/tf, alnbfg / tk:ofsf P]ltxfl;s sLlt{dfgx?n] @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgtfsf] gofF g]kfn / gofF ljZj lgdf{0fdf cgGt k|]/0ff;|f]tsf] ;jf]{Rr :yfg xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] gofF jflif{sf]T;jsf] o; P]ltxfl;s cj;/df ;j{k|yd xfd|f] kf6L{ gofF g]kfn / gofF ljZj lgdf{0fsf] pRrtd\ sfo{ef/df cfkm\gf] k|f0fsf] cfx'lt lbP/ qmflGtsf] dzfnnfO{ k|HHjlnt ug]{ dxfg\ cd/ zxLbx?k|lt xflb{s qmflGtsf/L clejfbg;lxt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5 . / tL dxfg\ zxLbx?sf] ;kgf k"/f ug{ cGt;Dd nl8/xg] kf6L{sf] b[9 ;+sNk / k|lta4tfnfO{ klg o; cj;/df xfdL ljz]if?kn] bf]xf]¥ofpg rfxG5f}+ . b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm / k|ultsf lgldQ b'Zdgsf h]n-g]n, oftgf / anfTsf/nufotsf kfzljs cTofrf/sf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf tdfd qmflGtsf/L of]4f / cfd hg;d'bfodf xfd|f] kf6L{ h'emf? P]Soa4tf / clejfbg k|s6 ub{5 . jflif{sf]T;jsf] o; P]ltxfl;s cj;/df g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;xof]u, ;dy{g / k|/]0ff k|bfg ug]{ xfd|f] kf6L{ ;d]t ;xefuL /x]sf] l/d (RIM) nufot ljZjsf tdfd sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/L Pjd\ ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL hg;d'bfok|lt ;j{xf/f cGt/f{i6"jfbsf] dxfg\ efjgf;lxt kf6L{ xflb{s clejfbg JoQm ub{5 .
dfn]dfsf ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtx?sf] g]kfnL ljlzi6tfdf l;h{gfTds k|of]usf] k|lqmofsf ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4n] cf7 jif{sf] cjlwdf ax'cfoflds, u'0ffTds / lglZrt?kn] b"/ufdL pknlAwx? xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df klxnf]k6s b]zsf] ;du| u|fdL0f Onfsfaf6 k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/ Wj:t ePsf] 5 . cfh u|fdL0f Onfsfdf ;fdGtL km6fxfx?sf] hfnem]n, zf]if0f, cTofrf/, Jolerf/ / ljs[ltsf] cGt ePsf] 5 . cGwljZjf;, ?l9jfb, 5'jf5't h:tf ;fdGtL ;F:s[ltsf h/fx?nfO{ hgo'4n] pv]Nb} / 89fpFb} nu]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ cfPsf] /fhf, /fhtGq / p;sf] b}jL …l;4fGtÚ k|lt cfd hgtfdf plrt 3[0ff, cfqmf]z / c:jLs[lt dfq xfjL ePsf] 5}g clkt' cfkm\gf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug]{ hgjfbL ljrf/, ;F:s[lt / ;Qfsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 . cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/, hftLo / If]qLo :jzf;g, blnt / dlxnfx?sf nflu ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf ;dfg clwsf/sf ;fy} /fhg}lts ;Qfdf ljz]ifflwsf/, :yfgLo / :jfoQ k|b]z:t/Lo hg;/sf/x?sf] lgjf{rg / 3f]if0ff, ljsf;-lgdf{0f nufotsf tdfd lqmofsnfkdfkm{t\ hgjfbL gofF cfwf/df gofF /fli6"o Pstfsf] lgdf{0f cfh u|fdL0f hg;d'bfosf b}lgs lqmofsnfk aGb} uPsf 5g\ . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] aLraf6 ljsl;t x'Fb} uPsf oL gjLg / hgjfbL lqmofsnfk / r]tgfnfO{ kf6L{åf/f ul/Psf] æk|r08kyÆ sf] j}rfl/s ;+Zn]if0fn] :ki6 j}rfl/s g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljlzi6 ljrf/->[+vnfsf ?kdf ;+Zn]lift æk|r08kyÆ / @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;;Dd To;sf] kl/dfh{gn] ljrf/wf/fsf] If]qdf dxfg\ hgo'4n] xfl;n u/]sf] u'0ffTds pknlAwnfO{ JoQm u/]sf] 5 .
kmf}hL b[li6n] /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] g]kfnL hgo'4 cfh /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Ldf 3gLe"t?kn] s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] 5 . aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejx?sf] ;f/ lvRb} / o'4af6 o'4 l;Sg] k|lqmofdf b'Zdg;Fusf k|ToIf d'7e]8x?sf] ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ kf6L{n] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljlzi6 kmf}hL /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;z:q hg;d'bfosf] ;fu/ v8f ug]{ bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / cfd ;z:q ljb|f]xsf /0fgLltx?sf] plrt ;dfof]hg ug]{, b'Zdgn] hxfF 6]S5 ToxL+ k8\sg], s]lGb|t ug]{, ljs]lGb|t ug]{ / :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;d'lrt ljsf; u/]/ g} hgd'lQm ;]gfn] b'Zdgsf k|To]s /0fgLltnfO{ k/f:t / w'nf]kL7f] kfb}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfh xhf/f}+ lgoldt / nfvf}+ ldlnl;ofsf ?kdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] h'g ljzfn ;+oGqsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5, To;sf k5fl8 hgo'4sf ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtx?sf] g]kfnL ljz]iftfdf k|of]u / ljsf; ug]{ æk|r08kyÆsf] ljlzi6 kmf}hL /0fgLltn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgd'lQm ;]gfn] 7"N7"nf o'4df]rf{x?df k|bz{g ub}{ cfPsf] zf}o{, jL/tf, alnbfg tyf /0fgsf}znsf] pRrtf Pjd\ o;sf] ljsf;sf] tLa|tfn] ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf 7"N7"nf ;}Go ljz]if1x?nfO{ ;d]t cfZro{rlst t'NofPsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . cfh of] tYo b'lgofFnfO{ yfxf eO;s]sf] 5 ls ;fdGtL b/af/sf] k/Dk/fut zfxL ;]gfnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] j:t'tM k/f:t ul/;s]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfbL / d'VotM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] s's'/nfO{ …snf]Ú lbP em}+ ;fdGtL b/af/ / p;sf] e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ cfly{s, /fhg}lts / k|fljlws ;xof]u lbO/x]sfn] g} cfh;Dd Tof] l6Sg ;s]sf] 5 . oxL jf:tljstfsf sf/0f g} xfd|f] kf6L{n] slyt zfxL ;]gfnfO{ zfxL-cd]l/sL ;]gf eGg] u/]sf] xf] . ljut ^ dlxgfsf cg'ejx?n] :ki6 ul/;s]sf 5g\ ls prfn]sf] s's'/ ag]sf] …zfxL ;]gfÚ Pskl5 csf]{ k/fho ef}Ub} cGttM ktg / lj36gsf] ;+3f/lt/ k'lu/x]sf] 5 . ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbsf] h'7f]k'/f]df afFlr/xg vf]Hg] ;fdGtL b/af/ / p;sf e/f}6]x?n] dxfg\ g]kfnL hgtfsf] P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]xnfO{ sbflk bafpg ;Sg] 5}gg\, a? lgs6 eljiodf tf;sf] 3/em}+ 9Ng pgLx? afWo 5g\ .
/0fg}lts b[9tf / sfo{g}lts nrstfsf] k|of]u ub}{ cfh kf6L{, hgd'lQm ;]gf / ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\sf s]Gb|sf tkm{af6 /fli6"o / cGt/f{li6"o b'a} :t/df eO/x]sf] Jofks kxnsbdL ;j{ljlbt} 5 . /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] ljlzi6 l:ylt Pjd\ cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf lgldQ ;s];Dd sd /ut auf];\ eGg] kf6L{sf] b]z / hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf sf/0f ljutdf xfdLn] k'/fgf] ;Qf;Fu jftf{åf/f ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ uDeL/ k|oTg u¥of}+ . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg h:tf] Go"gtd k|hftflGqs ljlwdfkm{t\ hg;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] eljiosf] km};nf ug]{ ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ k|bfg ug{ dfu ubf{ ;d]t ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf] e"t ;jf/ ePsf] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] 7f8} c:jLsf/ u¥of] . ;fd|fHojfbL ;xof]usf] wfs lbP/ ;fdGtL xTof/fx?n] jftf{ rln/x]s} a]nf ;}Go ;'b[9Ls/0f dfq u/]gg\ a? b]zJofkL cft+s dRrfpg] / bf]/Daf xTofsf08h:tf] g/;+xf/sf] tf08j ;d]t k|bz{g u/] . o;af6 lgz+sf]r :ki6 x'g uof] ls b/af/ xTofsf08sf gfOs]x?n] jftf{nfO{ cfkm\gf] k|ltufdL zf;g nDAofpg] if8\oGqsf ?kdf dfq k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . Tof] l:yltdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] hgtfsf cfwf/e"t lxtx?sf] kIfdf / ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfsf lj?4 ljb|f]xnfO{ gofF /0fg}lts of]hgfcg';f/ cufl8 a9fpg] km};nf u¥of] . s]Gb|Ls[t of]hgf / ljs]lGb|t sfo{jfxLsf ?kdf cl3 a9]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] gofF /0fg}lts of]hgf / o;sf] sfof{Gjog k|lqmofn] cfh ;}Go kmf;LjfbnfO{ ;j{q w/fkdf kfb}{, c:tJo:t agfpFb} / /IffTds l:yltdf ws]Nb} nu]sf] 5 .
Oltxf;sf] cfjZostf / hgtfsf] kl/jt{gsf] cfsf+IffnfO{ k"/} a]jf:tf ub}{ b/af/ xTofsf08kl5sf] s[lqd /fhtGqn] cToGt e2f / gf+uf] ?kdf )$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx?sf] ;d]t ckx/0f ug]{ d"v{tf ul//x]sf] 5 . k|d'v ;+;bjfbL bnx?sf tdfd cg'go-ljgonfO{ nft xfGb} p;n] j:t'tM g]kfnL hgtfdfly ;}Go kmf;Ljfb yf]kg]{ / cfkm\gf] k|ltufdL zf;g ;'b[9 ug]{ lbjf;kgf b]lv/x]sf] 5 5 . ;fdGtL tTjx?sf] oxL cx+sf/sf] kl/0ffd cfh /fhwfgLb]lv b]zsf ljleGg zx/x?df o'jf ljBfyL{x?n] v'n]cfd u0ftGqsf] gf/f 3GsfO/x]sf 5g\ . r/d csd{0otfsf afah'b ;+;bjfbL bnx? u0ftGqsf] k|Zgdf ax; ug{ afWo eO/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{n] Oltxf;af6 lzIff lnP/ ;fdGtL b/af/sf t'R5 rfnjfhLx?df gkm;L u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg0ff{os / tfls{s lgisif{;Dd k'¥ofpg ;DalGwt ;a};Fu ckLn ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] :ki6 ul//x]sf 5f}+ ls ;+ljwfg;ef / u0ftGqsf] kIfdf hf]-s;};Fu jftf{, tfnd]n / Go"gtd\ ;xdlt sfod u/]/ hfg xfd|f] kf6L{ tof/ /lxcfPsf] 5 .
Oltxf;sf lzIff / hLjgsf] jf:tljstfn] :ki6 ub}{ cfPsf] 5 ls ;fdGtL b/af/k|lt akmfbf/ ;}Go oGqnfO{ lj36g gu/fO{ hgtfsf lxtx?sf] /Iff x'g} ;Qm}g . ;fdGtjfbsf n7}tx?af6 k|hftGqsf] /Iffsf] ck]Iff ug'{df g} g]kfnL ;+;bjfbsf] eofgs e"n /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . oxL e"nsf] b'ikl/0ffd %% jif{df k6sk6s pgLx?n] ef]Ug' kl//x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{n] j:t'tM / cGttM o;} jf:tljstfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]/ g} hgo'4sf dfWodaf6 ;fdGtjfbsf n7}tsf ?kdf /x]sf] ;}lgs lu/f]xnfO{ lj36g u/fpg] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fPsf] xf] . cfh of] k|lqmof cfkm\gf] ljsf;sf] clGtd r/0flt/ cu|;/ eO/x]sf] 5 . hgo'4, Pp6f P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]x ePsf] x'gfn] o; qmddf x'ghfg] sof}+ ptf/r9fj, sdLsdhf]/Laf6 of] k"0f{tM d'Qm x'g ;Qm}g . t/, hgo'4sf] g]t[TjbfoL kf6L{sf] x}l;otn] xfdLn] ljb|f]xsf qmddf b]vfk/]sf jf b]vfkg]{ sdLsdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;Rofpg lg/Gt/ k|oTg ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . s]xL ;doklxn] dfq xfd|f] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] kf]ln6 Ao"/f]n] kfl/t u/]sf] k|:tfjn] Tof] lbzfdf xfd|f] uDeL/tf / lrGtfnfO{ JoQm u/]sf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ b]zsf cfd hgtf / ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbL zlQmx?sf] ;Rrf kx/]bf/ agfpgdf g} xfd|f] hf]8 /lxcfPsf] 5 . xfdL rfxG5f}+ ls ;a} ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbLx?n] ;fdGtL b/af/sf e/f}6]x?k|lt xf]Og, ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 hLjg-d/0fsf] o'4 nl8/x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gfk|lt cfkm\gf] ljZjf; hfx]/ u¿g\ . o;af6 hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ cem lhDd]jf/ aGg / slyt zfxL ;]gfdf /x]sf ;fdfGo hjfgx?nfO{ hgtfsf] kIfdf ljb|f]x u/fpg k|]l/t ug]{5 .
cGtdf, dxfg\ hgo'4sf] gjf}+ jif{ cem 7"N7"nf pknlAw, alnbfg / ljhosf] jif{ x'g]5 eGg] ljZjf; xfdLn] lnPsf 5f}+ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] zflGt / k|ultdf k|d'v afws /lxcfPsf] ;fdGtjfbnfO{ ;bfsf lgldQ a9f/]/ kmfNg' cem b[9tfk"j{s, cem uDeL/tfk"j{s cem Pstfa4 / cem ;fx;k"j{s cufl8 a9\g' g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . gofF u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] hGd x'g] qmdsf] jt{dfg ;+qmd0fsfnLg k|;j kL8f l5§} gofF g]kfnsf] hGdkl5 cgGt ;'vb cg'e"ltdf kl/0ft x'g]5 . ctM xfd|f] kf6L{ o; P]ltxfl;s cj;/df, gofF o'usf lgdf{tf tdfd qmflGtsf/L of]4f / cfd hg;d'bfodf xflb{s awfO 1fkg ub}{ gofF ljhosf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5 . b'lgofFsf] s'g} klg tfutn] hgtf / hgo'4sf] ljhonfO{ /f]Sg ;Sg] 5}g .Æ

;fpbL c/adf ;]ˆ6L cjf8{ g]kfnLnfO{

dw"af6
;fpbL c/j, km]a|'c/L !!, @))$

ut jif{ @))# hgj/L ! / d] (, @))@ df ljb]zdf sfd ug{ cfPsf nlntk'/, y]Rj xf]rn j8f g+-! sf lgng s'df/ dxh{g / :ofËhf, k'tnLahf/ u}/Lv]t j8f-$ sf w'j{ xdfnnfO{ æ;fpbL cf/fdsf] sDkgLÆ -cd]l/sL ;/sf/ / ;fpbL c/a ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf ;+rflnt sDkgL_] ;fpbL c/asf] UofF; k|8S;g OlGhlgol/Ë l8kf6{d]G6 / pydflgof k|8S;g l8lehg, pB]lnofaf6 o; jif{ @))# sf] æ;]ˆ6L cjf{8Æ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pQm cjf8{ g]kfnLx?n] klxnf]kN6 k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf x'\g\ .
ljb]zL sDkgLx?df sfd ug{ s'g} klg sfdbf/x?nfO{ ;j{k|yd ;]ˆ6L cyjf ;'/IffnfO{ k|fyldtf lbOg] x'Fbf s'g} klg JolQm s'g} klg sfddf ;]ˆ6L tyf ;'/Iff;fy sDkgLsf] ;docjwL clgjfo{ ?kdf ;lx 9+Ëdf d]xgtsf ;fy sfd ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . pgLx? b'j} clxn] ;f] sDkgLdf sfof{no ;xfossf ?kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .
k'/:sf/ k|fKt kl5 lgng tyf w'j{ eG5g\, g]kfnLn] klg o:tf] k'/:sf/ kfpg' ;fy} xfdL dfq} x}g\ xfdL h:tf /f]huf/sf] nflu k/b]zLPsf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?sf] v'lzsf] s'/f xf] . /, xfdL ;a} g]kfnLx?n] hxfF eP klg sfd /fd|f];Fu ug{'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .
pgLx? b'j}sf] Pp6} egfO/x]sf] 5, æxfdL g]kfnLx? ljb]zdf sfd l;Sg, hfGg / a'‰gsf] lgldQ cfPsf xf}] . To;}n] ;Dk"0f{ k/b]zLPsf g]kfnLx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ug{ rfxG5f} ls, tkfO{ st} hfFb} x'g'x'G5, st} s]lx sfd ub}{ x'g'x'G5 eg] ;aeGbf klxn] cfˆgf] :jf:Yo, Ho'-Hofgsf] Vofn ug'{;\, 3/sf kl/jf/nfO{ ;Demg'; / ;fpbL c/asf] lgod sfg'gdf /lx ;fpbL cf/fdsf] sDkgLx?sf] lgoddf /lx sfd ug'{xf];\ / lgodx? kfngf ug'{;\ xfdL tkfO{ dfq} x}g\ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] o:tf] cjf8{ kfpg]5g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; nfUb5 .Æ
ljut s]xL jif{x?df g]kfnLx? sfd ubf{ cfkm\gf] Hofgsf] ;'/Iff lagf ug]{ x'+bf sof}+ g]kfnLx? ljb]zL e"lddf csfndf cfˆgf] Hofg kmfln/x]sf 5g\ . o; ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnLx? ljb]z k:g' cl3 ljleGg Dofgkfj/ Ph]G;Lx?n] cfˆgf sfdbf/x?nfO{ ljb]zsf] lgod, sfg'g / s'g} klg sfddf ;]ˆ6L tyf cfˆgf] Ho'-Hofg sf] ;'/Iff s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/] ;fdfGo k|lzIf0f lbg ;s] ljb]zdf cfP/ g]kfnLx?n] csfndf Hofg ˆofSg' gkg]{ s'/fdf b'j} k'/:sf/ ljh]tf atfpF5g\ .

/fi6|klto r'gfjL rxnkxn

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
elh{lgof, km]j|'c/L !!, @))$

cd]l/sfdf cfufdL x'g uO/x]sf] /fi6|kltsf] r'gfjsf] pDd]bjf/sf nflu 8]d]fqm\ofl6s kf6L{sf pDd]bjf/ hf]g s]/L k|f/lDes dtdf lgSs} cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . elh{lgofl:yt hh{d]zg sn]hdf km]j'|c/L !) tfl/v ;fFem hf]g s]/L dfq x}g pgsL >LdtL 6]/];f s]/L cfkm\gf kltsf ;fy . r'gfjL SofDkdf pkl:yt cfkm\gf dtbftfx? EffjL /fi6|klt tyf efjL k|yd n]8Lsf] x:tfIf/ lng lgSs} xtfl//x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
t:jL/M g]kfnL kf]i6

cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL kf;kf]6{ rf]g]{ a]Rg] lu/f]x

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L km]j|'c/L !), @))$

;fjwfg, tkfO{+sf] kf;kf]6{ x/fP/ st} cNsfObf h:tf ;+u7gx?sf ;b:ox?sf] xftdf gk/f];\ . xfn cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnL nufotsf s]xL JolQmx?sf] lu/f]xn] cfˆgf glhssf gft]bf/ tyf ;fyLx?sxfF k'uL pgLx?sf] kf;kf]6{ rf]/L u/L cGo d"nsf gful/sx?nfO{ lgSs} 7"nf] /sddf laqmL ljt/0f ug{ yfn]sf] s'/f z+sf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .
;f]xL ljifonfO{ lnP/ 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL b"tfaf;;Fu ;Dks{ ubf{ b"tfaf;sf Ps clwsf/Ln] g]kfnLx?nfO{ cfcfkm\gf kf;kf]6{x? ;'/lIft /fVg cfu|x ub}{ x/fPsf] v08df t'?Gt :yfgLo k|x/LnfO{ va/ ug'{x'g cfu|x u/]sf] 5g\ .
kf;kf]6{ rf]/L ug]{ lu/f]x ;lqmo /x]sf] / sltkox?n] eg] cfkm\gf] kf;kf]6{ x/fPsf] eGb} gjLs/0f u/L gofF kf;kf]6{ klg laqmL ug{ yfn]sf] z+sf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .
obL o:tf JolQmx?n] g]kfnL kf;kf]6{ rf]/L u/L ckmufgL, O/fsL, d"nsf cft+sjfbL ;+:yfx?sf] xftdf k/]/ g]kfnsf] kf;kf]6{ af]s]sf] 7x/fOPdf cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?k|lt cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] /fVg] b[li6sf]0f s] s:tf] xf]nf egL ca g]kfnL klg lrlGtt x'g'kg]{ cj:yf cfO;s]sf]df :yfgLo g]kfnLx? lrlGtt x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .

cGt/f{li6|o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx? b"tfaf;df

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, km]j|'c/L !), @))$

ut hgj/L !# tfl/v /flt sf7df8f}+df dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfo{stf{ lbg]z k|;fO{+nfO{ z'/IffsdL{x?4f/f s'6lk6 u/]sf] ;Gbe{nfO{ lnP/ cd]l/sfl:yt ljleGg cGt/f{li6|o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfsf sfo{stf{x?n] cfjfh p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
k"j{ ljBfyL{ ;+u7g ;]A; pQ/ cd]l/sfn] o; ljifonfO{ lnP/ OG6/g]6dfkm{t\ x:tfIf/ cleofg z'? u/]sf] lyof] eg] æP8\ef]s];L g]6 86 cu{Æn] cfkm\gf] j]j ;fO6df lbg]z k|;fO{+sf] t:jL/ ;lxt pgL dfly z'/IffsdL{4f/f ul/Psf] b"Jo{jxf/sf] ljj/0f k|ltj]bg /fv]sf] 5 . pQm ;+:yfn] klg æk]l6;g cgnfO{g 86sdÆdfkm{t\ x:tfIf/ cleofg z'? u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L OlG:6Ro'6 km/ dlN66|o|fs l8Knf]d];L ;+:yfsf sfo{stf{x?n] jfl;ª6g 8L;Ll:yt cd]l/sg o'lgel;{6Ldf klg k|;fO{+sf] 36\gfsf] 5fglag xf];\ eGb} x:tfIf/ ;+sng u/]sf lyP .
km]j'c/L ( tfl/v ljxfg oL ltg}j6f ;+:yf ldn]/ jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt zfxL g]kfnL b"tfaf;df pklgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnnfO{ e]6L dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfo{stf{ k|;fO{+dfly ePsf] b"Jo{jxf/sf] 5fgljg u/L k|lta]bg ;s];Dd ;/sf/n] rfF8f] k|sfz kfg{ dfu ub}{ cfˆgf ;+:yfx?n] ;+sng u/]sf sl/a Ps xhf/ x:tfIf/x? ;lxtsf] ljj/0f pklgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnnfO{ a'emfPsf 5g\ .
;f] cj;/df P8\ef]s];L g]6sf ;+:yfks tyf ;+of]hs a]nfotL gful/s Pg u]i6n] cfkm"nfO{ g]kfn / g]kfnLk|lt Hofb} dfof /x]sf] / b]zsf] eljZo lbg]z k|;fO{+x?h:tf dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?df /x]sf] s'/f atfpFb} pxfFn] lbg]z k|;fO{+ klZrdL hutdf rlr{t dfgjclwsf/jfbLsf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . of] ;d:ofsf] ;/sf/4f/f 5fglag gePdf ;+;f/e/sf dfgjclwsf/jfbLx? 5fglag gu/];Dd kl5 gx6\g] / o; sfo{qmdnfO{ lta| ?kdf cufl8 a9fpFb} hfg] s'/f pklgof]u k|d'vnfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
Pgn] PDg]i6L OG6/Gofzgn / o'gfO6]8 g]zgnfO{ klg pQm 36gfsf] hfg/sf/L u/fO;lsPsf] s'/f atfpFb} o; dfdnfnfO{ ;s];Dd rf8f]+ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;'Nemfpg' plrt x'g] atfP .
;f]xL cj;/df pklgof]u k|d'v g]kfnn], jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]kfn Hofb} u+eL/ cj:yfdf u'lh|/x]sf] 5 eGb} xfd|f dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL sfg'gL k|fjwfgx? klg /x]sf 5g\ / o; ;DaGwdf ;/sf/ / z'/IffsdL{ b'j}n] cfkm\gf] 7fpFaf6 Wofg k'/\ofpg] k|of; ubf{ ub}{ klg o:tf 36gfx? 5'6km"6 x'g ;Sg] atfpFb} cfkm"n] o; x:tfIf/ ;lxtsf] dfunfO{ k//fi6| dGqfnodfkm{t\ ;DalGwt lgsfodf k'¥ofpg] cfZjf;g lbg'eof] .
pQm cj;/df ;]A; pQ/ cd]l/sfsf tkm{af6 cWoIf ls/0f l;6f}nf, P8\ef]s];L k|f]h]S6sf tkm{af6 Pg u]i6, jLn sf]eL, Pef]lngf 6f]8f]/f]ef / OlG:6Ro"6 km/ dlN66|ofs l8Dnf]d];Lsf Pg8|' d'/]nsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

a]nfotdf cGt/f{li6|o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh

O{d]naf6
km]j|'c/L )(, @))$

a]nfot el/ 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnLnfO{ Psj¢ u/L g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt / snfsf] hu]gf{, ;+j4{g / ljsf; ug]{ x]t'n]] oxL km]a|'c/L *, @))$ sf lbg cGt/f{li6|o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, a]nfot zfvfsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
Æcg]stfdf Pstf g]kfnLsf] ljif]ztfÆ sf] d"n dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{
:yfkgf ul/Psf] ;+:yfsf] cWoIf, pkfWoIf, dxf;lrj, ;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / ;bZox?df qmdzM kf]if]Gb| ;Tofn, k|Efft rGb| k|sfz b]jsf]6f, euL/y of]uL, 8f= Odfgl;+x u'?Ë, ntf uf}td, lbks s'df/ dNn / v]d 9sfn /xg'ePsf] hfgsf/L jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt cGt/f{li6|o ;flxTo ;dfh4f/f k|]l;t ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
ljleGg pb]Zo / afWotfn] k|af;df /xg' k/]klg cfˆgf] b]z, efiff / ;+:s[lt ;a} g]kfnLnfO Kof/f] nfU5 . t;y{ o;sf] hu]gf{ Pjd\ pTyfg ug{' cfd g]kfnLsf] st{Jo xf] . o;sf nflu Psflt/ o; If]qdf nfuL k/]sf g]kfnLsf] l;h{g\zLntfnfO{ dg{ glbg] / csf{lt/ gofF k|ltefx?nfO{ cfˆgf] dgsf] efjgfnfO{ ;flxTosf] dfWofdaf6 kf]Vg k|f]T;fxg ub}{ hfg] gLlt pQm ;+:yfn] lnPsf] s'/f klg lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g tyf ljsf; u/L o;nfO{ cem ;d'Ggt Pj+ Jofks agfpg]tkm{ cu|;/ x'g' g} ;+:yfsf] k|d'v nIo /x]sf] s'/f pNn]v 5 .
g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] pGgltsf lglDt pQm gj ul7t ;+:yfn] lgs6 eljiodf ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ hfg] s'/f gj ul7t ;+:yfsf cWoIf kf]if]Gb| ;Tofnsf gfdaf6 k|]l;t lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

kf]v/fdf kj{tLo ;+u|xfno v'nf

gf/fo0f kxf/L
kf]v/f km]j|'c/L *, @))$

g]kfnn] ;u/dfyf :j0f{ hoGtL dgfPsf] cf7 dlxgf glaTb} cf7 jif{ nufP/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] cGt/f{li6"o kj{tLo ;+u|xfno k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] cfh pb\3f6g ul/ k"0f{ ?kdf v'nf ul/Psf] 5 .
sl/a !) s/f]8 vr{df ! ;o /f]kgL hUufdf kf]v/fsf] /ftf] k}x|f] eGg] 7fpFdf agfOPsf] pQm ;+u|xfno ljZjs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kj{tLo ;+u|xfno ePsf] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . kj{tLo ;+u|xfnoleq kj{tLo hflt sIf, kj{tLo sIf, kj{tLo ultljlw sIf / c:yfO ;d;fdlos sIf :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
o;leq /x]sf] nvfª\ u'Daf, oltsf] df]8]n / ;u/dfyfsf] klxnf] dlxnf cf/f]xL h'Gsf] tfa]xLn] k|of]u u/]sf ;fdfu|Ln] w]/}sf] Wofg tfg]sf] 5 . o; ;+u|xfnosf] pb\3f6g k"j{ ;GWofdf g]kfn kj{tf/f]x0f ;+3 cGgk"0f{ zfvf klg u7g ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf] cWoIfdf xl/Wjh t'nfrg /xg'ePsf] 5 .
lxhf] df3 @! ut] cyf{t\ km]j|'c/L $ tfl/vsf lbg nfdf wd{ u'?x?n] ljz]if k"hf u/]kl5 dfq kfFr tfl/vsf lbg ljZjsf Vofltk|fKt ;o hgf eGbf al9 dxfg'efjx?nfO lgdGq0ff ul/ pb\3f6g ul/Psf] lyof] . pb\3f6gs} lbgdf :s'nsf ljBfyL{x?sf] klg 7'nf] le8 nfu]sf] lyof] . ;u/dfyf :j0f{ hoGtLsf] a]nf pQm ;+u|xfnodf wd{ u'?x?af6 ljZj zflGt k"hf ;DkGg ul/ cf+lzs ?kdf v'Nnf ul/Psf] lyof] . o; ;+u|xfnosf] lgdf{0fnfO{ g]kfn tyf kf]v/fs} ko{6g ljsf;sf] nflu sf]z]9'+uf ;fljt x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnL k|]; b'Ovfn] aGb'ssf] df/df

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, $ km]j|'c/L @))$

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;efklt tf/fgfy bfxfnn] kqsf/sf] xTof u/]/ k|]; :jtGqtfdfly wfjf af]Ng] dfcf]jfbLsf] rfxfgf slxNo} k'/f gx'g] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 l;Gw'kfNrf]s zfvf4f/f !* df3df cfof]lht 5nkmn sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ;fefklt bfxfnn] clxn] g]kfnL k|]; b'Ovfn] aGb'ssf] df/df k/]sf] atfpg' eof] .sfo{qmddf cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3 tyf Soflnkmf]lg{of l:ylt dft[e"ld g]kfnsf tkm{af6 cgLn kf08] tyf z]v/ 9'+u]nsf] ;lqmotfdf ;+sng ul/Psf] g]kfnL ?k}ofF &@ xhf/ % ;o &@ / kqsf/ dxf;+3 s]lGb|o sfof{no / lhNnf zfvfn] ;+sng u/]sf] %* xhf/ ;d]t ! nfv #! xhf/ ?k}ofsf] r]s x:tfGt/0f ub{} ;efklt bfxfnn] ;+;f/sf ljleGg d'n'sdf a;]/ klg g]kfnL kqsf/ k|lt ;xof]u u/]sf]df ;a}nfO wGojfb lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf cgf}krfl/s lzIff ;]jf s]Gb| OG;]ssf cWoIf ;'jf]w Kofs'/]nn] dfcf]jfbLn] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;j{dfGo lz4fGtsf] pNn3+g u/]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . Kofs'/]nn] eGg'eof], d'vn] dfgj clwsf/sf s'/f ug{] dfcf]jfbLn] Jojfxf/df dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{' k5{ eGg' eof] . sfo{qmddf :jlu{o kqsf/ v8\sfsf afa' lai0f'axfb'/ v8\sfn] cfkm\gf] 5f]/f d/]klg g]kfnL kqsf/x?n] slxNo} o:tf] b'v Jofxf]g"{ gk/f];\ eGg'eof] . v8\sfn] eGg'eof], 5f]/fsf] ;flns agfpg] sfddf ;xof]u kfP x'GYof] . sfo{qmddf kqsf/ dxf;wsf ;lrj dx]Gb| lji6, k|]; sfplG;nsf k'j{ cWoIf x/Lx/ lj/xL k|]; o'lgogsf dxf;lrj ;dL/hu zfx tyf kqsf/ dxf;+w sfe|]sf ;efklt ef]h/fh ltldlN;gfn] klg kqsf/ xTof ug{] dfcf]jfbLsf] lgGbf ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj dxf;+w l;Gw'kfNrf]s zfvfsf ;efklt Clif/fd kf}8]nn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . :juL{o v8sfsf >LdtL, afa', cfdf / tLg ;Gtfg 5g\ .o;} aLr g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;3 s]lGb|o sfof{non] cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg ;xof]u ug{] ;a}nfO wGojfb lbPsf] 5 . ljif]zul/ dft[e"ld g]kfnsf tkm{af6 cgLn kf08] tyf z]v/ 9'+u]n / cGo ;xof]uLx? u+uf rf}nfufO{+, bfdf]b/ x'dfufO{+, cg'k >Ljf:tj, s[i0f dNn, 8f= bLks v8\sf, uf]s0f{ ltjf/L, cgLn k|wfg, ;'gLn s'df/ s];L, Pj/fh ltldlN;gf, sljGb| l;6f}nf / g]kfn cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3 jfl;+ª6g 8L;LnfO{ dxf;+3n] wGojfb 1fkg u/]sf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /fi6| ;+3sf] dWo:ytf :jLsfo{

O{d]naf6
km]j'|c/L $, @))$

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] df3 @! ut] cyf{t\ km]j|'c/L $ sf lbg Ps lj1lKt k|sflz ub}{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] jftf{sf] 9f]sf slxNo} aGb gu/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
æb]zdf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] /fhg}lts lgsf;sf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] cledt hfx]/ ug]{ hg-;d'bfosf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/sf ;Dk"0f{ j}wflgs ljlwx?nfO{ nTofP/ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf gfOs]x?n] ljz'4 kmf}hL clwgfosjfbsf] cEof; ul//x]sf] tYo ca s|dzM cGt/f{li6"o :t/df ;d]t :ki6 x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . cfh b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ u|fld0f Onfsfx?df hg;d'bfon] :jtGq hg;Qfsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; ub}{ uO/x]sf] tyf /fhwfgL / ;a} 7"nf zx/x?df o'jf ljwfyL{x?n] lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?å u0ftGqsf] cfjfh a'nGb ul//x]sf] hLljt oyfy{ ;a}sf ;fd' :ki6 5 . t/, k'/fgf] ;Qfsf gfOs]x? j}wflgs?kn] hg-cledt lng] ljlw lt/ xf]Og ;fd|fHojfbL ;}lgs ;xof]usf andf xTof, cft+s / bdgrs|df g} d"v{tfk"0f{ hf]8 ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] ;Gbe{ / k[i7e"lddf plgx?n] hgtfsf lxtx?sf] b'xfO lbg' cfkm\gf] ;}Go kmflzjfbdfly kbf{ xfNg] kfv08L rfn l;jfo c? s]xL gePsf] tYo :jtM :ki6 5 .
xfd|f] kf6L{n] hgtfsf] zflGt / k|ultsf] cfs+IffnfO{ pRr ;Ddfg ub}{ jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;+s6sf] lgsf; vf]Hg clwstd k|of; u/]sf] oyfy{ s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] jftf{sf] ;f] cjlwnfO{ /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg geP/ cfkm\gf] ;fdGtL k|ltudgnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ / kmf}hL tof/L a9fpgdfq if8oGqd"ns 9+un] pkof]u u/]sf] tYo jftf{ rln/x]s} a]nf ePsf] bf]/Daf xTofsf08;Dd k'Ubf ;j{q :ki6 ePsf] s'/f klg oxfF :d/0fLo 5 . o;/L ;"lgof]lrt?kn] jftf{sf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt kfg]{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] slyt zfxL ;]gfn] kl5Nnf lbgx?df cToGt aj{/ 9+un] hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?sf] xTof ug]{, ufpFsf ul/a al:tx? hnfpg], n"6kf6 / anTsf/sf h3Go ck/fwx? ug]{, /fhg}lts sfo{stf{x?nfO{ a]kQf kfg]{ h:tf 3f]/ cdfgjLo cTofrf/ ul//x]sf] s'/fklg ;a}n] ef]lu/x]sf] oyfy{ xf] .
pk/f]Qm l:yltdf dWoo'lug ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfsf lj?å rf/}lt/af6 k|lt/f]w / ljb|f]xsf] nx/ p7\g' P]ltxfl;s?kn] cjZo+efjL Gofof]lrt s'/f xf] . )$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx?nfO{ tx;-gx; u/]/ ;+;bLo /fhg}lts bnx?dfly ;d]t lg/+s'ztfsf] a'6 ahfg]{ b'Zzfx; ug]{ ;fdGtL tTjx?sf lj?å ljb|f]xsf] csf]{ ljsNk /xs} 5}g .
otf s]xL ;dob]lv g]kfnsf] l:yltk|lt lrGtf JoQm ub}{ ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3, o'/f]k]nL o'lgog, nufotsf cGt/f{li6"o dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3, ;+:yf / JolQmTjx?åf/f ;d:ofsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf lgldQ cleJoQm x'Fb} cfPsf] rf;f]nfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] u+eL/tfk"j{s lnO/x]sf] 5 / To;sf] :jfut ul//x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] cToGt :ki6 zAbdf eg]sf 5f}+ ls zflGtk"0f{9+un] hgtfsf] cledt a'em\g] jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsfnflu ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] dWo:ytf / ko{j]If0f xfd|f]nflu :jLsfo{ 5 . xfdLn] jftf{sf] 9f]sf aGb ePsf] s'/f slxNo} u/]sf 5}+gf} . 9fF65n / if8oGq l;jfo c? s]xL ghfGg] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;fdGtL gfOs]x? g} o; ;Gbe{df k|d'v jfws /x]sf] oyfy{nfO{ ;a}n] a'em\g' dxTjk"0f{ s'/f x'g] 5 .
hg;d'bfosf] zflGt / k|ultsf] cfs+IffnfO{ xfdL pRr ;Ddfg ub{5f}+ . k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] ;}Go pGdfb g} g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGt / k|ultsf] af6f]df /x]sf] k|d'v afws xf] . Tof] jfwf cGo s'g} j}wflgs tl/sfaf6 gx6\g] l:yltsf] cfjZostfn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]xsf?kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] dxfg hgo'4sf] cf}lrTo l;4 ul//x]sf] 5 / Tof] jfwf gx6];Dd nl8/xg xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ . hgtfsf] cledt, :jtGq / j}wflgs?kn] cleJoQm x'g] l:yltsfnflu xfdL tof/ /xFb} cfPsf] s'/fk|lt s;}df b'ljwf g/xf];\ eGg] xfd|f] xflb{s cfu|x 5 .Æ

k|hftGqsf kIfdf ;ft lbj;Lo sfo{qmd

O{d]naf6
sf7df8f}+, $ km]j|'c/L @))$

dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltn] k|hftGqsf kIfdf a[xt cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf k|yd r/0fsf] sfo{qmd cGtu{t sf7df8f}df df3 @@ ut]b]lv & lbj;Lo sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?åf/f ;~rflnt zflGtk"0f{ sfo{qmdx?df lg/+s'z 9+un] bdg k|f/De ePsf] 36gfsf] lj/f]w ub{}, ;/sf/sf] ;Qfsf] cfwf/ hgtfsf] OR5f x'g'kg]{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjAofkL dfGotfdf s]lGb|t /lx ;~rfng ul/g] k|yd r/0fsf] sfo{qmd cGtu{t sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf Jo:t :ynx?df cfof]hgf ul/g] ;efx?df zflGt ;dfhsf s]Gb|Lo ;efklt s[i0f kxf8L nufotsf JolQmx?n] ;+jf]wg ug'{x'g]5 . & lbj;Lo sfo{qmd o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
pQm ;ft lbj;Lo sfo{qmd df3 @@ ut] cyf{t\ km]j|'c/L % b]lv z'? x'g] klxnf] lbgsf] sfo{qmdcg';f/ lbgsf] Ps ah] ef]6flx6Lb]lv z'? ul/g] / df3 @( ut] cyf{t\ km]j|'c/L !@ tfl/vsf lbg /Tgkfs{df pQm sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] s'/f ;dfhsftkm{af6 ;'/]zrGb| kf]v/]n4f/f k|]l;t lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

k"j{ ;f+;b xTofdf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+nUgtf g/x]sf]

O{d]naf6
sf7df8f}+ km]j|'c/L $, @))$

l;/fxf lhNnf If]q gDa/ $ sf Pdfn]sf lgjt{dfg ;f+;b x]dgf/fo0f ofbjsf] xTofdf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] egL k|rfl/t ;dfrf/nfO{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o Pjd\ k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] k|fof]lht if8\oGq eGg'ePsf] 5 .
k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, zfxL ;]gfx?n] ofbjnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L 6fpsf]df uf]nL xfgL xTof ug'{ / To;df xfd|f] kf6L{ ;+nUgtf /x]sf] k|fof]lht xNnf ul/g'n] ;fdGtL ;}lgs ;Qfsf] /fhg}lts if8\oGqsf] kbf{kmf; dfq ePsf] 5}g o;n] p;sf] k/fhLt Pjd\ xtf]T;fxL dfgl;stf /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] 5 .
Pdfn]sf k"j{ ;f+;b x]dgf/fo0f ofbjsf] l;/fxf xg'dfggu/df uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ k|sfzdf cfPsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L dfcf]jfbLsf k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] c5fddf cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] ljBfyL{nfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] egL k|rfl/t ;dfrf/af/] klg ;a}nfO{ Wofsif{0f u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . pQm ;dfrf/sf] jf:tljstf s] xf] eg] hg;fIf/tf cleofgdf :jtGq / lgM:jfy{ ;]jfsf ?kdf ljBfyL{sf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf] / To;nfO{ gofF hg;Qfn] ;xof]u dfq ul//x]sf] xf] eGb} k'/fgf] ;Qfn] k|fof]lht u/]sf o:tf ;dfrf/x? lagf 5fgljg h:tfsf]t:t} k|sflzt ubf{ o;n] k|rf/ / ;~rf/sf] ljZj;gLotfdf k|ZglrGx dfq v8f ub{5 ug]{ s'/f jStJodf pNn]v 5 .