;dfrf/ ;+If]k   clen]vfno

;Dkfbssf kl/jf/dfly cfqmd0f

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, dfr{ !*, @))$

g]kfnL kf]i6sf j]j ;Dkfbs u0f]z ltdN;]gfsf kl/jf/dfly dfcf]jfbLx?4f/f k6s k6s cfqmd0f eO/x]sf] 5 . o;} cfqmd0fsf sf/0f ltdN;]gf kl/jf/ kfFry/sf] ;b/d'sfd lkmlbdaf6 emfkfsf] ljtf{df]8 lj:yflkt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ .
ltdN;]gfsf bfh' g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{ k|sfz ltdN;]gfdfly dfcf]jfbLx?n] ut kmfu'g #) ut] lkmlbd glhs} ;f+3flts xdnf u/]sf 5g\ .
lkmlbddf Jofkf/ Joj;fo u/L a;]sf ltdN;]gf lj:yflkt ePkl5 k'gM emfkf ljtf{df]8df ;fgf] Jofkf/ Joj;fo ub}{ cfPsf lyP . Jofkf/s} lznlznfdf cfkm"nfO{ ;'/lIft 7fgL cfkm\gf] 3/ lkmlbd k'Ubf gk'Ub} ltdN;]gfdfly :yfgLo dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;f+3flts xdnf u/L d/0ff;Gg cj:yfdf k'¥ofPsf 5g\ .
d/0ff;Gg cj:yfdf /x]sf k|sfznfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] 5f8]/ uPkl5 :yfgLo s]xL JolQmx?n] lghnfO{ ;b/d'sfdl:yt lkmlbd c:ktfndf k'¥ofPsf lyP .
lghdfly cfqmd0f ug'{sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg] dfcf]jfbLx?n] t]/f] efO u0f]z ltdN;]gf cd]l/sfdf a;]/ dfcf]jfbL lj?4 n]Vg] u/]sf] k|d'v sf/0f b]vfPsf 5g\ eg] pgLx?n] tLg nfv ?k}ofFsf] dfu ug'{sf ;fy} cfkm\gf] efOnfO{ dfcf]jfbL lj?4 n]Vg / af]Ng aGb ug]{ r]tfjgL ;d]t lbPsf 5g\ .
o;cl3 klg k|sfzsf efO u0f]z cd]l/sfdf /xL kqklqsfdf dfcf]jfbL lj?4 n]v /rgf k|sflzt ub}{ cfPsf] / :yfgLo g]kfnL sf++u|];sf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cd]l/sfaf6 dfcf]jfbL lj?4 nfUg ;Nnfxf lbb}+ kqfrf/ u/]sf] egL efO u0f]zn] n]v]sf] kq ;d]t dfcf]jfbLx?n] hkmt u/L u0f]z ltdN;]gf kl/jf/dfly k6s k6s cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP .
o;}sf sf/0fn] xfn ltdN;]gf kl/jf/ cfkm\gf] 3/ lkmlbdaf6 lj:yflkt eO{ emfkf ljtf{df]8df a:g k'u]sf 5g\ .
:d/0f /xf];\ k|sfz tyf u0f]zsf a'jf OZj/L ltdN;]gf lkmlbdsf k'/fgf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{sf ?kdf @)#^ ;fnb]lv g} lrlgb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 .

/fhb"t /f0ffsf] lgwg

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, dfr{ !&, @))$

cd]l/sfsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t /xFb} cfpg'ePsf /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffsf] dfr{ !^ tfl/v d+unaf/ ck/fGX # ah]/ $% ldg]6 hfFbf ^& jif{sf] pd]/df hf]g xlKsG; c:ktfn, aflN6df]/df lgwg ePsf] 5 .
/fhb"t /f0ff ut jif{sf] clk|n !* tfl/v ljxfg k}bn ofqfdf crfgs n8\g' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL lbgb]lv pkrf/sf nflu :yfgLo 8L;Ll:yt jfl;+ª6g d]l8sn c:ktfndf egf{ x'g'ePsf /f0ffsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ gePkl5 pxfFnfO{ ljut s]xL dlxgfb]lv hf]g xlKsG; c:ktfn aflN6df]/df pkrf/ ul/+b} cfPsf] lyof] .
:juL{o /f0ffsf] >LdtL /]0f' /f0ff, h]7f 5f]/f /jLg /f0ff / 5f]/L tyf HjfOF ;+emgf / cho l;+x xfn cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5 eg] pxfFsf sfG5f 5f]/f zfxL ;]gfsf d]h/ ;lag /f0ff xfn ;]/f]lngdf zflGt ;]gfdf sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 .
;g\ @))! sf] l8;]Da/b]lv cd]l/sfsf nflu /fhb"t lgo'Qm x'g'ePsf :juL{o /f0ffn] o;cl3 ;g\ !(^! df k//fi6| ;]jfdf k|j]z u/L ;g\ !((@ ;Dd :juL{o /f0ffn] gofF lbNnLb]lv Go"of]s{;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/sftkm{af6 ljleGg dxTjk"0f{ kbdf /xL sfo{ ul/;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . #) jif{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k//fi6| ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/L lgj[Q x'g'ePsf /f0ff dx]Gb| k|s[lt sf]ifdf ;b:o ;lrj /x]/ klg sfo{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
kfNkfsf] tfg;]gdf ljqmd ;Djt\ !(($ h]i7 @$ ut] cfOtaf/ hGdg'ePsf h+uk|tfk /f0ffsf dflxnf 5f]/f :j= /f0ffn] /fhgLlt zf:qdf :gfsf]Q/, a]nfotsf] o'lgel;{6L ckm n08gaf6 cGt/f{li6|o dfldnf;DaGwL cWoog / cd]l/sfsf] km\n]r/ :s'n ckm n af6 s"6gLlts zf:q;DaGwL cWoog k"/f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
:juL{o /f0ff /fi6|sf] ;]jf u/]jfkt ;'k|l;4 uf]vf{ blIf0f afx' k|yd / ;'ljVoft lq;lQm k§ bf];|faf6 lje"l;t x'g'x'GYof] .
:juL{o /f0ffsf] kfly{j zl//nfO{ s]xL lbgleq} g]kfn n}hfg] s'/f pxfFsf h]7f 5f]/f /jLg /f0ffn] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'eof] .
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L j/k/sf g]kfnL ;dfhsf nflu pxfFk|lt clGtd >4fGhnLsf nflu elh{lgofl:yt cfln{ª6g zj u[xdf zf]s;ef ul/g] s'/f 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;af6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .
ljut P3f/ dlxgfb]lv æsf]dfÆdf /xL pkrf/ eO/x]sf] /fhb"t /f0ffsf] :jf:Yo l:ylt s]xL lbgb]lv otfb]lv cToGt gfh's b]lvPsf] lyof] .

dfcf]jfbL4f/f /fi6|;+3sf] dWo:ttfdf jftf{sf nflu k'gM hf]8

O{d]naf6
dfr{ !^, @))$

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r084f/f dfr{ !^ df Ps ckLn k|sflzt ub}{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3-;+:yf Pj+ hgklIfo /fhg}lts zlQmx?sf] ckLn / rfxgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] dWo:ytfdf jftf{ ug{ cfkm"x? tof/ /x]sf] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ Ps ckLn k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ckLndf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
æg]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_, g]kfndf k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf jlu{o, hftLo, If]qLo / lnlËo zf]if0f-cTofrf/sf lj?å ljb|f]x ug]{ hg-;d'bfosf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/nfO{ pRr ;Ddfg ub}{, hgtfsf] jf:tljs k|hftGq :yfkgfsfnflu cu|k+lQmdf /x]/ ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] Pp6f lhDd]jf/ kf6L{ xf] . zflGtk"0f{ / sfg'gL ;+3if{åf/f /fli6"otf, k|hftGq / hghLljsf;+u ;DalGwt hgtfsf cfjZostf / cfs+Iffsf kIfdf cfjfh p7fpFbf k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] ljutdf b]zsf ul/a ufpFa:tLb]lv /fhwfgL;Dd slyt /f]ldof] nufotsf ck/]zgsf gfddf cToGt s|'/9+un] lgxTyf hgtfsf] xTof ug]{, cfuhgL / n"6kf6 dRrfpg], anTsf/, s"6kL6 / cft+s km}nfpg] h:tf cdfgjLo cTofrf/sf] l;nl;nf rnfof] . Tof] l:yltdf ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] cTofrf/af6 cfkm\gf] /Iff / d'lQmsfnflu ljb|f]xdf pqg' afx]s hgtfsf cufl8 csf]{ ljsNk /x]g . :ki6 5 ls, hg;d'bfosf] ljb|f]xsf] clwsf/nfO{ ljZjsf] s'g} klg ;Rrf dfgj clwsf/jfbL / k|hftGqjfbLn] c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Qm}g . hgtfsf] Tolx P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]xsf] s]Gb|Ls[t cleJolQmsf?kdf g} xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf hgo'4sf] kxn / ljsf; x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
hgtfsf lgldQ u0ftGqsf] :ki6 j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts / kmf}hL sfo{lbzfsf;fy kf6L{n] b[9tfk"j{s g]t[Tj k|bfg u/]sfn] g} cToGt ltj| ultdf hgo'4sf] ljsf; x'Fb} cfof] . cfh cf7 jif{ k'/f x'Fbf gx'Fb} b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ u|fdL0f Onfsf / hg-;d'bfosf] cToflws 7"nf] lx:;f hgo'4sf] jl/kl/ uf]naGb ePsf] tYoklg s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . clxn] s]xL j}b]lzs zlQm s]Gb|x? d'VotM ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfaf6 k|fKt cfly{s / ;}lgs ;xof]usf andfdfq k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] /fhwfgL / lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?nfO{ kmf}hL 5fpgLdf kl/0ft u/]/ cfkm\gf] cl:tTj k|bz{g ul//x]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] kf6L{n] hgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s kxn b]lvg} o'4 ;DalGw h]g]ef ;+emf}tf nufot dfgj clwsf/sf cfwf/e"t d"No-dfGotfk|lt cfkm\gf] k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . hgo'4sf cf7 jif{sf tYofÍx?nfO{ k"jf{u|x/lxt 9+un] x]g]{ hf], s;}n] klg ;lhn} b]Vg ;Sb5 ls d'7e]8kl5 cfkm\gf] sAhffdf cfPsf b'Zdgsf ;]gf / k|x/LnfO{ xfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] pkrf/ ug]{, o'4alGbsf] ;Ddfghgs Jojxf/ ug]{ / ;s"zn d'Qm ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . hg;d'bfosf lj?å k|ToIf ck/fwdf ;+nUg tTj afx]s j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts, wld{s, ;fF:s[lts, cf:yf Pj+ hftL, /+u / bnut cfwf/df s;}dfly klg e]befj / cfs|d0f gug]{ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] :ki6 gLlt / cfr/0f /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . o'4sfs|ddf x'g hfg] sltko sdL, sdhf]/LnfO{ xfdLn] ;fj{hlgs?kdf cfTdfnf]rgf;lxt ;Rofpg] k|ls|ofklg cufl8 a9fpFb} cfPsf 5f}+ .
cf7 jif{sf] u[xo'4nfO{ glhsaf6 x]g]{ hf] s;}n] oL tYox?nfO{ klg ;lhn} b]Vg] 5 ls k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] slyt ;}Goann] xhf/f}+ lgxTyf /fhg}lts sfo{stf{ / hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnP/ a]kQf kfb}{ cfPsf] 5, ufpFal:tsf xhf/f}+ ls;fgsf 3/uf]7x? hnfpFb} cfPsf] 5, d"7e]8sf em'§f aofg hf/L u/]/ xhf/f}+ lgbf]{if hgtfsf] xTof ub}{ cfPsf] 5, xhf/f}+ hgtfdfly s"6lk6 / oftgfsf] >[+vnf rnfpb} cfPsf] 5, ufpF3/sf xhf/f}+ dlxnfx?sf] anTsf/ u/]sf] 5 / ;of}+nfO{ anTsf/kl5 xTof ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;k|sf/sf dWoo'lug cTofrf/sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ k'/fgf] ;Qfn] cGt/fli6"o ;d'bfosf cufl8 cfkm" dfgjclwsf/k|lt k|lta4 /x]sf] s'/f ug'{ oyfy{df cfkm\gf ck/fw n'sfpg] ;fdGtL kfv08 / if8oGqsf] k/fsfi7dfq xf] . of] ;fdGtL kfv08sf] e|ddf gkg{ ;a};+u ckLn ug{' xfdL cfkm\gf] st{Jo 7fGb5f}+ .
cf7 jif{sf] aLrdf b]zleq / aflx/sf dfgjclwsf/L ;+3, ;+:yf Pj+ u[xo'4sf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg vf]hg] b]zleq / aflx/sf /fhg}lts Pj+ u}X /fhg}lts ;+3-;+:yfx?sf] kxn / rfxgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] k'/fgf] ;Qf;+u b'Ok6s;Dd o'4lj/fd;lxt jftf{sf] 6]andf a;]sf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . kl5Nnf] jftf{df ;fj{ef}d hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] eljiosf] km}znf ug{ lbg] ;j{dfGo k|hftflGqs ljlw ;+ljwfg-;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] j:t'jfbL dfu xfdLn] cufl8 ;f¥of}+ . t/, hg-cfwf/ / ljZJff; k"0f{tM u'dfO;s]sf] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf gfOs]x?n] hgtfnfO{ km}znfsf] clwsf/ lbg ;xdt x'g'sf] ;§f pN6} jftf{ rln/x]s} a]nf xTof / cft+s a9fpFb} nu]/ bf]/Daf g/;+xf/sf] dRrg ug{ k'u] . 36gfs|dn] :ki6 u¥of] ls k'/fgf] ;Qf g hgtfdf ljZjf; u5{, g u[xo'4sf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg g} rfxfG5 . p j}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfbsf] cfly{s / ;}lgs ;xof]usf andf g]kfnL hgtfdfly ;}lgs clwgfosjfbdfq nfb\g rfxG5 . Tof] cj:yfdf xfd|f] kf6L{ / g]kfnL hgtfsf cufl8 lg/+s'z ;fdGtL tTjx?sf] ;}lgs clwgfosjfbsf] k|lt/f]w ug'{ eGbf csf]{ ljsNk /x]g .
clxn] k'gM cufl8 al9/x]sf] u[xo'4s} aLrdfklg xfd|f] kf6L{n] ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3-;+:yf Pj+ hgklIfo /fhg}lts zlQmx?sf] ckLn / rfxgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] dWo:ytfdf jftf{ ug{ tof/ /x]sf] s'/f :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . t/, cGt/fli6"o ;d'bfonfO{ u'd/fxdf /fVg if8oGq ug]{ k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] To; k|sf/sf] dWo:ytf dfkm{t ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;xdt x'g'sf] ;§f tyfslyt lgjf{rgsf] xNnf u/]/ ;}lgs clwgfosjfbnfO{ lg/Gt/tflbg] rfn rln/x]sf] 5 . cfh ljleGg cGt/fli6"o dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3-;+:yfx?sf] ;d]t lg/Gt/ bafj k/]kl5 k'/fgf] ;Qfsf gfOs]x? dfgj clwsf/k|ltsf] slyt k|lta4tfsf] sfuhsf] vf]:6f] af]s]/ h]g]ef hfFb}5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfsf] afFRg] clwsf/sf lj?4 k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f eO/x]sf] dWoo'lug cTofrf/dfly kbf{ xfNg] if8oGq l;jfo Tof] slyt k|lta4tf c? s]xL gePsf] s'/fdf xfdL ;Rrf dfgjclwsf/jfbL / k|hftGqjfbLx?sf] Wofgsif{0f u/fpg rfxfG5f}+ .
xfdL ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3 nufot cGt/fli6"o dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3-;+:yfx?;+u g]kfnsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ a'em\g 7f]; kxnsf lgldQ ckLn ub{5f}+ . xfd|f] tkm{af6 To;sfnflu cfjZos ;xof]usf] k|lta4tf klg JoQm ub{5f}+ . g]kfnsf ufpFal:tdf ul/a g]kfnL hgtfdfly eO/x]sf] cdfgjLo cTofrf/sf] k|ToIf cg'udg gul/ k'/fg} ;Qfsf k|ltlglwx?sf cf}krfl/s egfOx?nfO{dfq Wofg lbOof] eg] Tof] g]kfnL hgtf / :jo+ dfgjclwsf/s} 3f]/ ckdfg x'g] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{n] o'4;DalGw h]g]ef ;+emf}tfk|lt dfq xf]Og dfgjclwsf/ ;DalGw cGt/fli6"o 3f]if0ffx?k|lt klg cfkmgf] k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . / clxn]sf] 7f]; l:yltdf cGt/fli6"o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;Dd]ng dfkm{t xfd|fnflu s'g} 7f]; k|:tfj cfPdf To;k|lt xfd|f] ;sf/fTds k|To'Q/ x'g] s'/fklg :ki6 ug{ rfxfG5f}+ .Æ

zflGt ;dfh ofbj xTofsf08af/] eG5

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, dfr{ !%, @))$

k"j{ ;f+;b x]dgf/fo0f ofbj xTofsf08sf ;DaGwdf dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhn] s]Gb|Lo ;efklt s[i0f kxf8Lsf] g]t[Tjdf k"0f{gfy l3ld/] / k'is/ uf}td ;lDdlnt cWoog÷cg';Gwfg 6f]nL u7g u/]sf] lyof] . % lbgsf] :ynut e|d0fkl5 r}q @ ut] zflGt ;dfhn] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bg :yfgLo ;a} kIf;Fu s'/fsfgL u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] s'/f ;dfhn] cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
xTofaf/] dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf] wf/0ff o:tf] /x]sf] 5 .
-s_ k"j{ ;f+;b ofbjsf] xTofsf08df w]/} rrf{÷kl/rrf{ x'Fbf klg pRr :t/Lo ;ldlt u7g gx'g' / ;/sf/L pbfl;gtf b]lvg' /x:odo 5 eg] o; % ;ftfsf] cjlwdf u'd/fx ug]{ / e|d l;h{gf ug]{ y'k|} k|oTg ePsf] 5 . To:tf k|of;, 36gfnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug]{ if8oGqsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . tL ;a} k|;Ësf] oxfF rrf{ ul/Psf] 5}g . k|fKt tYox?af6 ofbj xTofsf08 lgof]lht k|fof]lht jf cfsl:ds s] xf] eGg] af/]df rrf{ rln/x]sf] ;Gbe{df pQm 36gf cfsl:ds geP/ lgof]lht lyof] eGg] lgisif{df zflGt ;dfh k'u]sf] 5 . ofbjsf] ckx/0f / xTofdf ;+nUg JolQmx? ;+ul7t 5g . ckx/0f, xTof, df]6/;fOsn xfFSg] / pmv'af/Ldf ˆofSg], sDKo"6/ 6fO{k ug]{, em08f agfpg] nufot l;/xf ahf/b]lv g} ofbjsf] ofqfsf] cg'udg ug]{ ;j} sfo{df u/L slDtdf !@-!% hgf ;+nUg /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . pgLx?;Fu cfw'lgs ;~rf/ ;Dks{ pks/0f ePsf] b]lvG5 . sfg"gL bfpk]rsf] sf/0fg} kl5 uP/ l;/xfdf ckxl/t ofbjnfO{ lhNnfsf] ;Ldfgf aflx/ nuL xTof ePsf] k|tLt x'G5 . ckx/0fdf k|of]u ePsf] uf8L lbpF;f] @& gDa/ sne6{ 5]pm / ufug vf]nfdf ufpFn]n] b]v]sf] sf/0f g} xTof rf]xjf{af6 klZrdkl§ sdnf lsgf/df nu]/ ePsf] x'g ;S5 t/ of] 36gfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' eg] rf]xjf{ g} /x]sf] 5 . t/ xTofsf] sf/0f s]Gb|Ls[t gLlt geP/ :yfgLo :t/df ePsf] 6s/fj, c+xsf/ jf s;}sf] k|of]hg klg x'g ;S5 .
-v_ ofbj xTofsf08df ;'/Iff lgsfo ljz]if u/]/ :yfgLo zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+nUgtf 5 eGg] z+sf / rrf{ To;If]qdf JofKt 5 . t/ o; k|s/0fdf s]lx u}/ ;}lgs (Civilian) x?sf] ;xof]usf] ;+efjgfnfO{ klg gsfg{ ;lsb}g . ofbj xTofsf08df s'g} ;d"x jf cfk/flws lu/f]xsf] xft 5 eGg] ;+efjgfdf ljZjf; ug]{ xf] eg] klg To:tf] ;d"x jf cfk/flws lu/f]xn] ;'/Iff lgsfodf k"0f{ ks8 hdfO;s]sf] 5 eGg] ;Gb]z k|jflxt x'g' b'ef{Uok"0f{ 5 .
-u_ of] 36gfdf ;+nUg bf]ifLx?nfO{ sfg"gL sf/jfxL x'g g;s] ;'/Iff lgsfox?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg / e"ldsf dfly eljiodf 7"nf] z+sf÷pkz+sf pAhg] x'Fbf, o; 36gfsf bf]ifLx?dfly sfg"gL sf/jfxL x'g' kb{5 .
zflGt ;dfhn] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bgsf] clGtddf ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ ;'emfj klg lbPsf] 5 . ;'emfjdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
-s_ 36gfsf] s]Gb| laGb' /x]sf] l;/xf lhNnfsf] nfxfgb]lv rf]xjf{af6 sdnf k'n;Ddsf] Onfsfdf ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] afSnf] pkl:ylt aLr ePsf] ofbj xTofsf] 36gfdf ;+nUg bf]ifLx? dfly sfg"gL sf/jfxL x]t' zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfs} pRr :t/Lo ;ldlt u7g eO{ cfjZos sf/jfxL k|f/De ug'{ kb{5 . 36gfsf] k|df0f gi6 ug]{ / ;fIfLx?sf] hLjg dfly ;d]t vt/f ePsf] kl/k|]Ifdf cfjZostf k/] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] :yfgLo s]lx clwsf/LnfO{ lgnDag ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
-v_ ljleGg cleof]udf kqmfp ul/Psf gful/ssf uf8Lx?nfO{ ;}Go k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ug]{qmd aGb ug'{ kb{5 . uf8L dflnssf] :jLs[tL / hfgsf/L ljgf ;}Go k|of]hgdf To:tf uf8Lsf] k|of]u cfklQhgs /x]sf] 5 .

;flxlTos k':tssf] nf]sfk0f{

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L dfr{ !%, @))$

dfr{ !$ tfl/vsf lbg :yfgLo hh{d]zg sn]hdf cGt/f{li6|o ;flxTo ;dfhn] ;dfh4f/f k|sfzg ul/Psf s]xL k':tsx?sf] nf]sfk{0f / g]kfnaf6 k|fKt s]xL k':tsx?sf] k|b{zg tyf uhn n]vg sfo{zfnf sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
pklgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnaf6 ul/Psf] pQm nf]sfk0f{ x'g] k':tsx?df sljoqL dw' zdf{sf] ædfG5] 9'+uf / O{Zj/Æ sljtf ;+u|x, /d]z ;Tofnsf] æk|]d k/fuÆ sljtf ;+u|x / /fO6;{ Snj4f/f k|sflzt uf]ljGb lu/L Æk|]/0ffÆsf] ækfpnL a'n'Æ lgaGw ;+u|x klg nf]sfk0f{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df cGt/f{li6|o ;flxTo ;dfh jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ln] g]kfnL efiff ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt h:tf ljifoa:t'df k|jf;af6 k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ g]kfnL kf]i6 86sd, /]l8of] bf]efg / ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehg, g]kfn xf]/fOhg 86sdnfO{ sb/kq k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . pQm sb/kq /fhb"tfaf;sf pklgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L cg];f; hfkfg zfvfsf cWoIf s'df/ a:g]tnfO{ o; jif{sf] cg];f;sf] pTs[i6 zfvf hfkfgnfO{ Pj+ cg];f; k':tsfnosf nflu g]kfnaf6 k':ts NofP/ of]ubfg k'/\ofP jfkt sjloqL dw' zdf{nfO{ ;d]t sb/ kq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
o;} sfo{qmdsf nflu ;flxTosf/ uf]ljGb lu/L æk|]/0ffÆ / dw' zdf{ xfn jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cfOk'u]sf 5g\ .
pQm cj;/df nf]sfk0f{ ul/Psf k':tsx?dWo] lu/Lsf] lgaGw ;+u|xdfly k|fWofks df]xg l;6f}nfn], ædfG5] 9'+uf / O{Zj/Æ sljtf ;+u|xdfly uf]ljGb lu/L æk|]/0ffn]Æ æk|]d k/fuÆdfly xf]dgfy ;'j]bLn] / sdnf ;?ksf] syf ;+u|xdfly xl/ e§/fO{n] ;dfnf]rgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf cg];f;sf cWoIf k'? ;'a]bLn] ;dfhsf ultlalwsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df :yfgLo slj sljoqLx? qmdzM x]dGt >]i7, k|]d ;+u|f}nf, lg/Ghgdfgl;+x /]UdL, 8LjL tfdfª, bLks v8\sf, df]xg l;6f}nf, xl/ e§/fO{, k'? ;'j]bL, sNkgf ;Tofn, sNkgf ;'j]bL, d+h' lg/f}nf,, d+h' /]UdL, uf]kfn /]UdL, 6Lsf k'g nufotn] cfkm\gf cfkm\gf sljtf ;d]t afrg u/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmddf 6Lsf k'g / b'uf{ v/]nn] Ps /fli6|o uLt k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
;f]xL lbg 8f= bLks v8\sfn] uhn n]vg snf;DaGwL s]xL :yfgLo uhn n]Vg sf]lzif ug]{x?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
;df/f]xdf 8L=;L, elh{lgof, d]l/Nof08sf nflu cg];f;n] :yfgLo:t/df sfd ug{sf nflu cfkm\gf] 5'§} zfvfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 3f]if0ff ul/of] . ;f] zfvfsf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, dxf;lrj, ;lrj / sf]iffWoIfx?df qmdzM df]xg l;6f}nf, af;' >]i7, uf]ljGb lu/L k|]/0ff, 6Lsf k'g, ;Ltf /]UdL tyf ;b:ox? gu]Gb| kf}8]n / d~h' lg/f}nf /xg' ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fOof] .
sfo{qmd cg];f;sf ;+:yfks cWoIf xf]dgfy ;'j]bLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] eg] ;~rfng cg];f;sf k"j{ cWoIf eLd /]UdLn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] .

8L;Lsf o'jfx?sf] gofF ;d"x

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L dfr{ !%, @))$

8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL o'jfx?sf] ;+:yf g]kfn o'js ;+u7gsf] kbflwsf/Lx? cfufdL b'O{ jif{sf nflu lglj{/f]w ePsf 5g\ .
:yfgLo hh{d]zgl:yt sn]hdf ;DkGg Ps sfo{qmdsf cj;/df
pQm ;+u7gsf] gofF kbflwsf/Lx?sf] gfd lgjf{rg u/fpg] lhDdf lng'x'g] k'?iff]Qd ;'j]bLn] ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] h;sf] cWoIf, z+e'dfg ;}+h', pkfWoIf sNkgf ;Tofn, dxf;lrj ljho /]UdL, sf]iffWoIf lxdfn laqmd s];L, ;+u7gsf] ;+of]hsdf xl/a+z b'nfn / ;b:odf cr{gf hf]zL /xg'ePsf] 5 .
o'js ;+u7gsf nflu cGo bz j6f kbx? vfnL g} /x]sf] 5 . s]xL dlxgf cl3b]lv g} ;a} kbx?sf nflu b/vf:t cfXjfg ul/Psf] eP klg cGo kbx?df eg] s;}n] a:g] rf;f] gb]vfPsf sf/0f afFsL /x]sf kbx?sf nflu gofF kbflwsf/Lx?n] g} rog u/L k"/f ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
gj cWoIf z+e'dfg ;}+h'n] s]xL ;fdflhs sfo{ klg ug{ ;sf}+ eg]/ of] ;+:yfsf] cWoIfdf cfpg kfPsf]df v'zL JoQm ub}{ cfufdL lbgx?df cfkm\gf] ;+:yfn] ;+;f/e/sf g]kfnL o'jfx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} hfg] k|of; ug'{sf ;fy} cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 bz ldlnog 8n/ hDdf u/]/ g]kfnsf nflu ;xof]u /sd p7fpg] atfpFb} cfufdL of]hgfx?sf] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP .
To;}u/L cGo gj kbflwsf/Lx?n] klg cfkm"x?n] ug{ ;Sg] ;xof]u ;+:yfdf /xL ub}{ hfg] s'/f atfPsf lyP .
sfo{qmddf pQm ;+u7gsf k"j{ cWoIfx? l;df]g 9'+ufgf, sljGb| l;6f}nf tyf lgjt{dfg cWoIf dlgif kf]v/]nn] klg cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP .
pQm ;+u7gsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] lhDdf eg] k'?iff]Qd ;'j]bL / ls/0f l;6f}nfn] lnPsf lyP .

/fhb"tsf] :jf:Yo ;'lw|g ;s]g

jfl;+ª6g 8L;L
dfr{ !$, @))$

cd]l/sfsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t /xFb} cfpg'ePsf /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffnfO{ cem} pkrf/fy{ hf]g xlKsG; lzIf0f c:ktfn, aflN6df]/df /flvPsf] 5 .
/fhb"t /f0ff ut jif{sf] clk|n !* tfl/v ljxfg k}bn ofqfdf crfgs n8\g' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL lbgb]lv pkrf/sf nflu :yfgLo 8L;Ll:yt jfl;+ª6g d]l8sn c:ktfndf egf{ x'g'ePsf /f0ffsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ gePkl5 pxfFnfO{ ljut s]xL dlxgfb]lv hf]g xlKsG; lzIf0f c:ktfn aflN6df]/df pkrf/ ul/+b} cfPsf] xf] .
/f0ffsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g / pxfF cr]t cj:yfdf g} x'g'x'G5 . oltsf dlxgfb]lv æsf]dfÆdf /flvg'ePsf /fhb"t /f0ffsf] :jf:Yo l:ylt ;'lw|g'eGbf klg lbgk|ltlbg gfh's x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .

e"6fgdf klg cg];f;

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L dfr{ !@, @))$

8L;Ldf cfkm\gf] k|wfg sfof{no /x]sf] cGt/f{li6|o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhn] cd]l/sfsf ljleGg /fHo nufot ljb]zdf /x]sf cGo g]kfnL ;flxTok|]dLx?nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] k|of; :j?k xfn cfP/ e"6fgdf cg];f;sf] zfvf v'n]sf] s'/f cg];f; jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ln] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L hgfPsf] 5 .
oxL dfr{ ( tfl/vsf lbg u7g ul/Psf] e"6fg zfvfsf] cWoIfdf cfO{kL clwsf/L, pkfWoIfdf l8NnL/fd zdf{ -cfrfo{_, dxf;lrjdf xl/k|;fb sfkm\n], ;lrjdf kb\daxfb'/ n'+u]nL -du/_, sf]iffWoIfdf ofbjk|;fb clwsf/L / ;b:odf ljBfklt ld> /xg'ePsf] 5 .
pQm e"6fg zfvfn] klg g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf; / pTyfgdf nfUg / g]kfnL efiff tyf ;flxTonfO{ cem Jofks ;d'Ggt agfpg]tkm{ nfUg] s'/f ;f] ;+:yfsf cWoIf cfO{kL clwsf/L4f/f k|]l;t lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

cd]l/sLdfem k|]d/fhfsf] nf]suLt

s[i0f sF8]n
cf];gl;6L d]l/Nof08 , dfr{ !), @))$

d]l/Nof08sf] j;gl;6Ll:yt ;}N;a/L ljZjljBfno4f/f dfr{ # tfl/vsf lbg g]kfnL nf]s ufos k|]d/fhf dxtsf] ;Ddfgdf Ps ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] .
nf]s ufos k|]d/fhf dxtsf af/]df ljut s]xL dlxgfotf cd]l/sL ;+rf/ dfWodx? g]zgn klAns /]l8of], jfl;+ª6g kf]i6 tyf P;f]l;o6 k|];n] dxtn] sfd ug]{ :yfg / pgL a:g] 3/;d]t k'u]/ pgsf] cGt/+u cGt/jftf{ lnPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 dxt g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] Pp6f Vofltk|fKt g]kfnL nf]s ufos eP/ cd]l/sL ;~rf/dfWoddf ljz]iftfsf ;fy kl/lrt x'g k'u]sf lyP .
pgn] ufPsf nf]suLt cd]l/sL klAns /]l8of]df ;d]t aHg k'u]sf] lyof] .
g]kfnaf6 sdfpg cfPsf] Pp6f nf]s ufosn] cd]l/sf cfP/ /]i6'/]G6df sfd u/]/ sdfpFb} 3/kl/jf/dfq kfNb}g p;n] cfkm\gf] ar]sf] ;donfO{ cd]l/sfd} /x]sf] eP klg g]kfn / g]kfnL ;+uLtnfO{ ljZjdf lr/kl/lrt u/fpg nflu k/]sf] x'G5 eg] To;sf] kl/ro cd]l/sL ;+rf/ dfWodx?dfkm{t\ cd]l/sgx? ;dIf ;d]t k'u]kl5 cfh g]kfnL nf]s ufos k|]d/fhf dxtnfO{ cd]l/sLx?n] klg ;Ddfg ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ / pgsf uLt ;'Gg cd]l/sLx? klg nfnflot b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ .
log} ;~rf/ dfWodx?dfkm{t\ g]kfnL nf]suLtsf x:tL cd]l/sfdf /x]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 j;gl;6Ll:yt ;]N;a/L ljZjljBfnodf k|]d/fhf dxtnfO{ ljz]if cltlysf ?kdf cfdGq0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/df dxtn] g]kfnL nf]s afhfx?sf] ;fydf ufOPsf] g]kfnL nf]suLtsf] k|:t'ltaf6 sfo{qmddf pkl:yt cd]l/sL k|fWofks tyf ljBfyL{x?n] lgSs} /fd|f];Fu g]kfnL nf]suLtaf6 dgf]/Ghg lnPsf b]lvGy] .
pQm ljZjljBfnon] ljZj ;+uLt ;+:yf k'6'dfof]sf cWoIf Pj+ ;+:yfks 8g :6f]k/nfO{ klg ;f] sfo{qmddf cfdGq0f u/]sf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf ljrf/x? JoQm ub}{ :6f]k/n] eGg'eof], æ;+uLt hLjgsf] Pp6f cleGg c+u xf] cem egf}+ ;+uLt xfd|f] ef]hg h:t} xf] cyf{t\ 5'§f5§} :jfbsf] vfgf vfFbf h:tf] :jfb cfpF5 To:t} ljleGg b]zsf ;+uLt >j0fn] klg To:t} :jfb lbnfpF5 .Æ
pQm k'6'dfof] ljZj ;+uLt ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf @% jif{cl3 ePsf] xf] / xfn;Dd ljZjsf rfnL; b]zdf o;sf zfvf / Jofkfl/s sfof{nox? /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf k|ltlglwx? ;od;dodf ;f+:s[lts cfbfgk|bfg ug{ Pj+ hLjg / ;+:s[ltnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNgsf nflu ljZjsf ljleGg efudf k'Ug] ub{5g\ .
sfo{qmddf pQm ljZjljBfnosf ;+uLt ljefusf k|fWofks h]sL r'O{ y]ª lnpn] lgs6 eljZod} nf]s ufos k|]d/fhf dxtsf] Psn ufog k|b{zg ul/g] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L klg ;f]xL cj;/df u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
dxtn] pQm sfo{qmddf ;f/+uL, xf/df]lgod, dfbn, v}+h8L Pj+ 9f]nssf] k|of]u ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf dxtnfO{ ;+uLt Pj+ jfBjfbgdf csf{ g]kfnL snfsf/ /fhsk'/n] ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . snfsf/ /fhsk'/ klg cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL snf;+:s[ltnfO{ hLaGt /fVg ljleGg 7fpFdf sfo{qmd b]vfpFb} cfPsf Pp6f z;Qm snfsf/sf ?kdf lrlgG5g\ .
k|]d/fhf dxt xfn s]xL jif{ otfb]lv ;kl/jf/ d]l/Nof08sf] aflN6df]/df a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ eg] xfn Do'lhs g]kfn4f/f ljt/0f ul/g nfu]sf] Do'lhs cjf8{ k'/:sf/ lngsf nflu dfr{ * tfl/vsf lbg pgL g]kfntkm{ nfu]sf 5g\ .

cd]l/sL gful/s Sof/f]n h]lg6nfO{ clegGbg

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ dfr{ )&, )$

cd]l/sfsf] cf]l/ug ljZj ljBfnoaf6 æ4fNvf g]kfn efiffÆdf ljBfjfl/wL u/]sL cd]l/sL gful/s Sof/f]n h]lg6 tyf ;f]xL ljifodf !) jif{ cl3 lqe"jg ljZj ljBfnoaf6 ljBfjfl/lw u/]sL kf6g lgjf;L ?b| nIdL >]i7nfO{ 4fNvf g]kfn efiff vns n] # dfr{ )$ -!( kmfu'0f @)^)_ df sf7df8f}+df Ps ;df/f]xsf aLr ;Ddfg tyf clegGbg u/]sf] 5 .
pgLx? b'j}n] lnlR5jL sfnd} cl:tTjdf cfPsf] dNnsfnLg :jl0f{d /fHosf] ?kdf rlr{t g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f xg'k"j{ :jtGq /fHosf bf]nvfaf;L g]jf/ hfltx?n] af]lng] 4fNvf g]kfn efiffdf ljBfjfl/wL u/]sf x'g\ .
efiffljb\ sflzgfy tdf]6sf] egfO{ cg';f/ k|frLg g]kfn d08n xfnsf] g]kfnsf] dWodfGrnsf] !@ lhNnf g]jf/x?sf] k|frLg j:tL xf] . olx g]kfnd08naf6 g} g]jf/x? g]kfnsf ljleGg efudf Jofkf/ / gf]s/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf g]kfnd08n aflx/ uPsf x'g\ . g]kfnd08n leq af]lng] efiff g]kfn efiff xf] . h;sf] k|frLg cl:tTj bf]nvfdf af]lng] efiff xf] .
nueu % ;o jif{ cl3;Dd g]kfnd08ndf af]lng] efiff Pp6} lyof] . h'g xfn bf]nvfdf af]lng] / sf7df8f+}df af]lng] efiffdf ;dfgtf lyof] . t/ cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ljb]zL ;Dks{sf sf/0fn] g]kfn d08nleq af]lng] efiffx?sf] df}lnstfdf qmdzM leGgtf cfpFb} xfn cfP/ 4fNvf g]kfn efiff / sf7df8f}+df af]lng] g]kfn efiffsf] Jofs/0f leqsf] lqmofx?df s]xL df}lns leGgtf b]lvP klg gfd / ;j{gfd cWofkL Pp6} 5 .
xfn;Dd klg 4fNvf, tf}ynL, ln:tL / b'lt g]kfnd08ns} k"jL{ efu cyf{t\ bf]nvf lhNnfsf 4fNvf zx/, l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf kg]{ tL tLg :yfgsf] efiff Pp6} b]lvG5 . t/ sf7df8f}+ nufot g]kfnsf] klZrdL efudf af]lng] efiffx? cnL km/s b]lvb} uPsf] 5 .
Sof/f]n h]lg6n] cd]l/sf b]lv cfP/ k|frLg g]kfn efiffsf] ?kdf cWofkL k|rnLt /x]sf] efiffsf] dxTjsf] af/] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/]/ h'g d]xgt / >d u/]/ 4fNvf efifLx?nfO{ efiffsf] dxTj af/] r]tgf hufpg'eof] , of] g]kfnsf] nflu u/]sf] 7"nf] of]ubfg xf] . g]jf/ hfltsf] ;Ddfg / uf}/jsf] nflu u/]sf] 7"nf] P]ltxfl;s yfngL klg xf] . To;}n] Sof/f]n h]lg6n] ljb]zL r]nL e}sg klg g]kfnsf cfbLaf;L hghfltx?sf] efifLs df}nLs kIfnfO{ klxNofP/ h'g jf}l4s ;DktL g]kfnnfO{ k|bfg ug'{ eof] o;nfO{ xfdLn] uf}/jsf;fy sb/ ub}{ kf6g lgjf;L g]kfnd"ns} cls{ r]nL ?b| nIdL >]i7n] 4fNvf efiffdf ug'{ ePsf] ljBfjfl/lw tyf pxf+n] ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] 4fNvf efiff;DaGwL ljljw k|sfzgx?nfO{ ;d]t ;Ddfgk"j{ sb/ ug]{ p2]Zon] cfof]lht pQm ;Ddfg tyf clegGbg sfo{qmddf 4fNvfsf jof]j[4 ;dfh;]jL cSsn axfb'/ >]i7af6 ;Ddfg tyf clegGbg kq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf ;Ddfg dGtJo lbg]x?df g]kfn efiff d+sfvnsf cWoIf k4d/Tg t'nfw/, g]kfn efiff Ps]8]dLsf rfG;n/ ;Todf]xg hf]zL, g]jfM b] bj'sf dxf;lrj kljq ah|frfo{ ,g]kfn hghflt dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj 8f=cf]d u'?8=,cfbLaf;L :yfoL dGr o"=Pg sf pkfWoIf k+|f=k/z'/fd tfdf8=, kz'klt rf}nfufO{+, 4fNvf u'7Lsf cWoIf s]bf/dfg l;+x nufotsf cltlyx?n] 4fNvf g]kfn efiffsf] dxTj af/] rrf{ ub}{ dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
cfof]hs ;+:yf 4fNvf g]kfn efiff vnssf cWoIf gx]Gb| k|wfgsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf xfn} ;+o'Qm /fi6|\ ;+3sf] cfbLjf;L hghflt :yfoL dGrsf] pkfWoIfdf Plzof If]qjf6 lgjf{lrt k|f=k/z'/fd tfdfª ;d]tnfO{ ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 ;efklt gx]Gb| k|wfgn] jwfO{ 1fkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf efifLs cfGbf]ngdf nfdf] ;do b]lv of]ubfg k'¥ofp+b} cfpg' ePsf /fli6|o ;efsf ;b:o nIdL bf; dfgGw/ nufotsf efiffljb\x?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
cfof]hs ;+:yf 4fNvf g]kfn efiff vnssf ;b:o d'lQm k|wfg4f/f ;+rfng ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;+:yfs} ;b:o xl/ bz{g >]i7n] :jfut dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] . Sof/f]n h]lg6sf] of]ubfg af/] g]kfnsf] ;+rf/ dfWofddf nueu !$ jif{kl5 eP klg Sof/f]nsf] >d d]xgt / pgn] g]kfnsf] cfbLaf;L hghfltx?sf] efiffsf] ;+/If0fsf] kIfdf ub}{ cfPsL sfd k|lt ljif]z rrf{ / dxTj k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . xfn Sof/]fn h]lg6 l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] tf}ynL, b'tL / ln:tLdf af]lng] 4fNvfdf af]lng] h:t} g]kfn efiffsf] cWoogdf /x]sL 5g\ . pgn] tf}ynLsf] uf]ljGb >]i7 / ;fljqL >]i7sf] ;xof]udf tf}ynL efiffsf] af/]df cfkm\gf] cWoog sfo{nfO{ hf/L /fv]sL l5g\

k"j{ dfcf]jfbLsf] d[To'

Od]naf6 dfr{ %, @))$

dfcf]jfbL lqmofsnfkdf ;lqmo ?kdf ;+nUg /x]sf afUn'ª lhNnf lgl;/]gf 3/ eO{ xfn nlntk"/ pkdxfgu/kfnLsf s';'GtL a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf v/saxfb'/ du/sf] pkrf/sf] qmddf xfn} lgwg ePsf] hfgsf/L ;'/Iff kmf}h4f/f k|fKt lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
lghnfO{ kmfu"g & ut] cs:dft la/fdL ePsf]n] jL/]Gb| c:ktfn 5fpgLdf pkrf/fy{ egf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
s]xL ;do cl3 lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf v/s axfb'/ du/n] kqmfp k/]kl5 cfk"m ljutdf dfcf]jfbLsf] xltof/ cf];f/k;f/df ;lqmo ?kdf ;+nUg /x]sf] / xfn zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L pknJw u/fO{ ;xof]u u/L /x]sf] x'Fbf t"?Gt} zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 d"Qm u/L aflx/ uPdf cfk"m c;"/lIft x"g] x'Fbf cfk\mgf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs gu/L ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ cg"/f]w u/]sf] x''Fbf lghnfO{ ;"/Iff k|bfg u/L lgoGq0fdf /flvPsf] lyof] .

ef]hk'/ cfqmd0fkl5 dfcf]jfbL eG5g\

Od]naf6
dfr{ %, @))$

@)^) kmfu'g !( ut] /ftL ef]hk'/ lhNnf l:yt ;b/d'sfdsf] b"/ ;+rf/ ;+:yfg l/lk6/ 6fj/df /x]sf] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] kf]i6dfly k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08df sfo{/t hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] l8ljhgsf] g]t[Tjdf ul/Psf] kmf}hL sfj{fxL lgwf{l/t nIo cg'?k zfgbf/ ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . of] jL/tfk"0f{, ;fxl;s / ;kmn sfjf{xLdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf zfxL ;]gf / ;z:q k|x/L u/L $) hgf eGbf a9L d/]sf / @# hgf eGbf a9L uDeL/ ?kdf 3fOt] ePsf] s'/f g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08sf tkm{af6 OGrfh{ cudsf gfdaf6 kmfu'g @!df k|sflzt lj1lKtd pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
pQm cj;/df sfj{fxLdf OG;f;, 6' OGr df]6f{/, P;=Pn=cf/, Pn=Pd=hL=, P;=Pd=hL=, #)# /fOkmn ;lxt %) yfg eGbf a9L cTofw'lgs / ;fwf/0f xltof/, ltgsf !) xhf/ eGbf a9L uf]nL / cGo ljljw o'4 ;fdu|Lx? sAhf ug{ / lhNnf k|zf;g nufotsf sfof{nox? IFtljIft kfg{ hgd'lQm ;]gf ;kmn ePsf] s'/f klg pQm lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . o;sf ;fy} s]xL zfxL ;]gf / ;z:q k|x/LnfO{ ;d]t sAhfdf lnO{ pgLx?;+u h]g]ef ;lGw cg';f/sf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf] 5 . of] kmf}hL sfjf{xLnfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg] k|lqmofdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf Ps bh{g eGbf a9L of]4fx?sf] d[To"ePsf] / cfkm\gf tkm{af6 @% hgfeGbf a9L 3fOt] ePsf] s'/f klg lj1lKtdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
dxfg\ hgo'4n] /0fgLlts ;Gt'ngaf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] clxn]sf] ljlzi6 ;Gbe{df ;DkGg of] ;fxl;s / ;kmn sfjf{xLsf] /fhgLlts / kmf}hL b'a} b[li6n] ljz]if dxTj /x]sf] 5 eGb} lj1lKtdfkm{t . of] ;kmn sfjf{xLn] Psflt/ dfcf]jfbLsf] o'4Ifdtf sdhf]/ aGb} uPsf] 5 eGg] b'Zdgsf] b'ik|rf/nfO{ lr/]/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cf8df g]kfnL hg;d'bfodfly lgd{d bdg,hgxTof / /fHocft+s yf]kb}{ tyf /fi6`3ft ub}{ cfPsf] ;fdGtL zfxL ;}lgs clwgfosjfbdfly ultnf] emfk8 lbPsf] s'/f lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
ef]hk'/ cfqmd0fsf af/]df ;/sf/n] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd sAhf ug]{ dfcf]jfbL of]hgfnfO{ c;kmn kfl/of] egL lgs[i6 b'M:k|rf/ u/]sf] 5 . jf:tljstf s] xf] eg] xfd|f] of]hgf ;b/d'sfd sAhf ug]{ ge} ToxfF l:yt ;}lgs Aof/]s / cGo ;'/Iff kmf];{nfO{ /IffTds l:yltdf /fvL l/lk6/ 6fj/df l:yt ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] kf]i6 sAhf ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] / Tof] zfgbf/ ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] s'/f Od]n4f/f k7fOPsf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .

dfcf]jfbL4f/f ef]hk'/ cfqmd0f

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
dfr{ $, @))$

ef]hk'/sf] ;b/d'sfd glhs}sf] ;+rf/ 6fj/ sAhf ug{ k'u]sf dfcf]jfbL / z'/IffsdL{ aLr dfr{ @ tfl/v d+unaf/ /flt ePsf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf k/L tLg bh{g hlt ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To' ePsf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLx?4f/f ;~rlfnt s[i0f;]g ;Djfb ;ldlt4f/f k|sflzt ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
k|f/lDes l/kf]6{ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] pQm ;dfrf/sf cg';f/ ToxfF sl/j kfFr bh{ghlt ;'/IffsdL{ /x]sf] df tLg bh{ghltsf] d[To'ePsf] s'/f ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnn] ToxfFaf6 sl/j $) yfg cTofw'lgs xltof/ sAhf u/]/ nu]sf] s'/f klg ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf]] 5 . le8Gtdf k/L Ps bh{g hg;]gfn] ;d]t Hofg u'dfPsf] s'/f ;dfrf/df pNn]v 5 .
hg;]gfn] 6fj/ sAhf ug{] qmddf ;b/d'sfdaf6 cGo zlQm gk'uf];\ eg]/ ;]gfsf] Aof/]s, lhNnf k|zf;gsf] sfof{no / /fli6"o jfl0fHosf] sfof{nodf k|xf/ u/]/ /f]s]sf lyP .
To;}u/L ;]gfn] ;d]t sf7df8f}+df Ps kqsf/ ;Dd]ng dfkm{t\ ef]hk'/ cfqmd0faf6 @( hgf ;'/IffsdL{x?sf] d[To' ePsf] / c? slt xtfxt ePsf] xf] k"0f{ hfgsf/L gcfO;s]sf] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

k'is/n] ;f7L b]zsf] ofqf k"/f u/]

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L km]j|'c/L @*, @))$

o'jf ljZj ;fOsn ofqL k'is/ zfxn] xfn;Dd a|flhn ;d]t u/]/ ;f7L b]zsf] e|d0f k'/f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . Pl;ofsf @! d'n's, Kofl;lkmssf % d'n's, pQ/ cd]l/sf o'P; P, Sofgf8f, d]lS;sf], s/]ljog !$ d'n's, ;]G6|n cd]l/sf ^ d'n's / ;fpy cd]l/sfsf !@ d'n's u/L xfn clGtd b]z a|flhndf k'uL cfkm\gf] ofqf /f]s]sf 5g\ .
;g\ !((* sf] gf]e]Da/b]lv cfkm\gf] ljZj ;fOsn ofqf z'? u/]sf zfxn] ljZjdf a9\b} u/]sf] xTof, lx+;f / cft+ssf] lj?4 ;+;f/e/ zflGtsf] ;Gb]z lbgsf nflu of] ofqf z'? u/]sf x'g\ . zfxn] cfkm\gf] ljZjdf zflGtsf] ;Gb]z lbg'sf] ;fy} g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ ;+;f/e/ lrgfpFb} ;d]t lx8]sf 5g\ .

ljZj e|d0fsf lznlznfdf zfx lrn]sf] /fhwfgL ;flG6ofuf]df

ofqfsf af/]df g]kfnL kf]i6;Fu pgn] eg], ;+;f/ e/ g} clxn]sf] cj:yfdf yf]/}dfqfdf zflGt afFr]sf] 5 / oxL zflGtnfO{ xfdL ;a} ldn]/ arfpg' k5{ / xfdL zflGtsf] ;+jfxs aGg'k5{ xTof, lx+;f / cft+saf6 zflGtsf] ;[hgf x'Fb}g . To;}u/L zflGt lagf ;+;f/df s'g} s'/f klg ;kmn gx'g] cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /x]sf] zfx atfpF5g\ .
zflGt s] xf] t eGg] k|Zgdf zfx eG5g\, æzflGt eg]sf] df}gtf xf]Og hLjgsf x/]s kIfdf v'lzofnL cfpg' g} zflGt xf] .Æ
zfx cfkm\gf] ljZj ofqfkl5sf] ;dflKtkl5 ;g\ @)!) df cfkm"n] ;+;f/e/ 3'd]sf b]zx?sf] em08f af]sL ;u/dfyfsf] r'r'/f]df k'Ug] pgsf] nIo/x]sf] 5 .
;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fkl5sf] afFsL hLjg ufpF kmls{g] / To;kl5 ufpFd} cfkm"n] ;+;f/ 3'd]sf] syf k9fpg] ljrf/ pgsf] /x]sf] 5 .
zfx oltv]/ eg] clk|msf hfgsf nflu cfly{s ;xof]usf] vf]hLdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cfkm\gL a'9L cfdfn] lbPsf] Ps ;o ?k}ofF af]s]/ ;fOsnaf6 ;+;f/ 3'Dg lgl:sPsf zfxn] Tof] ;o ?k}ofF ;fyd} /fv]/ lx8]sf 5g\ . pgL hxfF k'U5g\ clg laxfg} p7]/ eujfg;Fu Pp6} s'/fsf] k|fy{gf u5{g\ æcfh dnfO{ c;n dfG5] e]§fOb]pmÆ .
geGb} pgn] clxn];Dd s]xL 7fpFdf afx]s k|fo ;+;f/sf ;a} b]zx?df c;n dfG5] g} e]§fPsf sf/0f ^) b]zsf] ofqf k'/f ul/;s]sf 5g\ eg] ca s]xL c;n dfG5]sf] vf]lhdf pgL clk|msL b]zx? 3'Dg] z'/ s:b} 5g\ . pgsf] of] ofqf ;g\ @))( ;Dd hf/L /xg] 5 .
ekloyatri@yahoo.com

Hffkfgdf g]kfnL k|ltefn] b]z lrgfP

dLg u'?ª
;fO{tfdfs]g-hfkfg km]j|'c/L @&, @))$

g]kfnL ;f+uLlts ofqfdf nfdf] ;dob]lv cgj/t?kdf ;dlk{t x'b}+ laleGg /+ud~rx?df x[bo:kzL{ afF;'/Lsf] nf]sw'g ;'gfP/ :jb]zL tyf lab]zL >f]tfx?aLr nf]slk|o ag]sf O{Gb| u'?ªsf] ut km]a|'c/L @$ tfl/v laxfg hfkfgsf] k|l;4 /]l8of] Rofgn l6laP;n] afF;'/Lsf w'g ;dflji6 ul/Psf]] cGtjf{tf{ lnPsf] 5 .
sl/a rfnL; ldg]6 nfdf] cGt/jf{tf{ sfo{qmd clt /f]rs 9+un] k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf u'?ªn] cfˆgf] cleAolQmx? dfkm{t\ ;flRrs} g]kfnnfO{ lab]zLx?dfem lrgfpg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgaf{x u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] dgdf]xs k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{, g]kfnL snf, ;+:s[lt / ;f+uLlts k[i7e"ldsf af/]df pTs[i6 kl/ro u/fO{ g]kfnsf] zL/ cem pRr agfPsf 5g\ .
pQm sfo{qmdaf6 u'?ªn] ;du|df b]zk|ltsf] dfof kf]v]sf 5g\ / dft[e"ldsf]] cg'xf/ plhNofpg] cyf{t ko{6g k|a4{gdf yk 6]jf k'¥ofpg] sfddf csf]{ Ps cfofd yk]sf 5g\ . ;do ;dodf laleGg ;f+uLlts sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf snfsf/ u'?ª hfkfgL ;d'bfodf klg Toltg} lr/kl/lrt dflgG5g\ . u'?ªn] lgs6 elaiod} Pp6f ;f+uLlts sfo{qmd k|:t't ub}{5g\ . o;/L Pp6f g]kfnL k|ltefn] lab]zL ;~rf/dfWodaf6 g]kfnsf] uf}/a a9fpg] sfddf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf]df o; sfo{sf] ;a{q pRr d"Nof+sg ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] k|hftGq w/fkdf 5

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L km]j|'c/L @@, @))$

lqe'jg hoGtL Pj+ %$ cf}+ /fli6|o k|hftGq lbj; 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] cfh zlgaf/ Ps hnkfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L dgfof] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf tkm{af6 pklgof]u k|d'v ?b|s'df/ g]kfnn] k|hftGq / JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] cfwf/ynf]sf] ?kdf /x]sf] cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; ug'{x'g] ;Dk"0f{ bfh'efO lbbLalxgLx?nfO{ ;/sf/sf] zflGt;'/Iff k'g{:yfkgf ug]{ / cfd lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fpg] ;Tk|of;df cfkm\cfkm\gf] :yfgaf6 ;Sbf] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfu|x ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ Og cd]l/sfsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nf, cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf /fh]Gb| cf]nL, g]jf cu{gfOh]zgsf cWoIf j]b k|wfg / cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf pkfWoIf xfG; ;f]o/n] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng b"tfaf;sf k|yd ;lrj s[i0f cof{nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf 8L;L j/k/sf :yfgLo g]kfnL ;+3 ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L tyf b"tfjf;sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd 8L;Ll:yt dfpG6Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6df ul/Psf] lyof] .

k|hftGqaf/] 8L;Lsf a'l4hLjL s] eG5g\ <
sfo{qmdkZrft\ cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfpg'ePsf k'/fgf s]xL JolQmx?;Fu g]kfnL kf]i6sf tkm{af6 g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts cj:yfsf af/]df s'/fsfgL ul/Psf] lyof] .
s'/fsfgLs} ;Gbe{df P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ Og cd]l/sfsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nf eGg'x'G5, g]kfndf clxn] k|hftGq eOlbPsf] eP hgtfn] r'g]sf] dfG5] ;Qfdf x'g'kg]{ lyof] To;n] klg b]vfPsf] 5 ls g]kfndf k|hftGq 5}g . clxn] hgtfsf] 7"nf] ;d'x lsg /fhfsf] lj?4df 5g\ < To;k|lt ;a} b]zeQmn] ;f]Rg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 eGb} xfdL cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] cd]l/sL ;/sf/dfkm{t\ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|hftGq :yfkgfsf nflu bjfj lbg'kg]{ s'/f lg/f}nf atfpg'x'G5 .
To;}u/L a'l4hLjL 8f= lrqs[i0f ltjf/L k|hftGqsf af/]df xfdLn] s]xL elg/xg} gkg]{ t g]kfnsf] ;8s cfGbf]ngn] g} k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 clxn] g]kfnsf] k|hftGq z+s6df 5 . b]zdf lgjf{lrt k2ltsf] zf;g Joj:yf gePsf sf/0f g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s 4G4sf sf/0f ;a} /fhgLlts lgsfox? e+u u/]/ o;af6 kmfObf lnP/ h;/L Pp6f ju{n] zf;g cflwkTo hdfpg vf]lh/x]sf] 5 o;n] d'n'ssf] eljio /fd|f] g/x]sf] s'/f 8f= ltjf/L atfpg'x'G5 .
ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] clxn]sf] /fhgLlts ;Gbe{df s] e"ldsf x'g ;Snf t eGg] k|Zgdf 8f= ltjf/L eGg'x'G5, xfdLn] g]kfndf eO/x]sf] 36gfqmdnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf lglDt cGt/f{li6|o bjfj lbg;Sg] atfpFb} h;/L cfGtl/s 4G4nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{ gfddf ljb]zL xftxltof/sf] ;xfotf uO/x]sf] 5 Tof] k|of; cg'Tkfbs x'G5 eGg] s'/f zf;s ju{nfO{ r]tgf lbg] sfd xfdL ljb]zdf a:g]x?n] ug{ ;Sg] /, ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] ljb]zaf6 xftxltof/ uPsf] s'/fnfO{ /dfOnf] dfGg gx'g] pxfFsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L a'l4hLjL 8f= lszf]/ pk|]tLsf] ljrf/df g]kfnsf] k|hftGq clxn] vt/fdf /x]sf] 5 . of] vt/fdf /x]sf] k|hftGqnfO{ l7s 7fpFdf Nofpgsf nflu /fhgLlts bnsf gfosx?n] dfq x}g a'l4hLjLx? klg ldn]/ cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf Nofpg'kg]{ atfpg'x'G5 .
ax; x'g'k5{ t/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ufnL unf}h x}g eGb} xfdLnfO{ s:tf] k|hftGq rflxPsf] xf], xfd|f] ;d:of klxNo}b]lv ;'lNemPsf] 5}g xfdLn] clxn];Dd kfPsf] k|hftGqnfO{ lsg bLuf] agfpg ;s]gf} o;nfO{ bLuf] agfpg s] ug'{k5{ To;sf nflu ;a} kIfn] 5nkmn u/]/ Pp6f lgZsif{ lgsfNg'kg]{ 8f= pk|]tLsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .
clxn]sf] cj:yfdf /fhfn] klg ;fjwfg x'g'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] atfpFb} /fhfn] clxn];Dd lbPsf aStJodf ædlN6kf6LÆs} s'/f cfPsf] 5 To;}n] of] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu /fhgLlts g]tfx? ;a} ldn]/ 5nkmndf hfg'kg]{ s'/fdf pxfF hf]8 lbg'x'G5 .
clxn];Dd o:tf] x'g'df 5nkmnsf] sdL xf] / To:tf] sdL sdhf]/Ln] ubf{ k|hftGq bLuf] aGg g;s]sf] 8f= pk|]tL atfpg'x'G5 .
csf{ a'l4hLjL k|]d ;+u|f}nf eGg'x'G5, jf:tjdf g]kfnsf] k|hftGq clxn] w/fkdf 5 /, k|hftGq lg/+s'ztGqsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df c8\lsPsf] 5 eGb} lg/+s'ztGqsf] d'lQmljgf g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] ;+ej g/x]sf] pxfFsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx? x'g\ jf ljZjsf cGo s'g} efudf a:g] g]kfnLx? x'g\ ;a}n] g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] k|d'v ;jfn eg]sf] dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg eO/x]sf] 5 To;sf lj?4df xfdL ;a}n] h;/L cfjfh p7fpg'kg]{ xf] Tof] ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gf} o;sf nflu xfdL ;a}n] cGt/f{li6|o bjfj lbgsf nflu nfUg'kg]{ s'/fdf ;+u|f}nf hf]8 lbg'x'G5 .
To;}u/L 8L;Ll:yt /]l8of] bf]efgsf ;~rfns gu]Gb| kf}8]nsf] ljrf/df g]kfnsf] k|hftGq cj;fgsf] lbzflt/ uO;s]sf] 5 eGb} ca k|hftflGqs k'gM hfu/0fsf nflu g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx?n] lgSs} nfdf] ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{ pxfFsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .
xfdL xfdL aflx/ a:g] g]kfnLx?n] zflGtk"0f{ lsl;dn] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] s8feGbf s8f g}lts lj/f]w ug'{kg]{ pxfFsf] ljrf/ /x]sf] 5 .

sf]nf]/f8f]df gf/fo0fl;+x k'gsf] d[To'

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L km]j|'c/L @!, @))$

kf]v/f 3/ eO{ ljut Ps jif{cl3b]lv sf]nf]/f8f]l:yt af]N8/df a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf %# jlif{o gf/fo0fl;+x k'gsf] b"3{6gfdf k/L d[To' ePsf] 5 . ut ;f]daf/ cyf{t\ km]j|'c/L !^ tfl/v ;fFem kfFr ah]lt/ ;fOsn r9L sfdaf6 sf]7fdf kms{+b} ubf{ tLj|ultdf cfO/x]sf] hLkn] k'gnfO{ 7Ss/ lb+bf k'gsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To" ePsf] 5 .
ef/tLo cd]l/sg4f/f ;+rflnt UofF; :6]zg -k]6|f]nkDk_df sfd ub}{ cfPsf k'gMnfO{ af]N8/ / nªdG6 l;6Lsf] aLrsf] #^ d'Vo ;8sdf ;fOsnaf6 3/ kms{+bf hLkn] 7Ss/ lbPsf] hfgsf/L sf]nf]/f8f]l:yt g]kfnL kf]i6sf k|ltlglwn] cfkm\gf] ;dfrf/df pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
k'gn] cfkm"n] rnfPsf] ;fOsndf cufl8 k5f8L st} klg alQ gafln ;fOsn d'Vo ;8sdf rnfPsf sf/0f hLkn] 7Ss/ lbg k'u]sf] z+sf u/L To;af/] :yfgLo k|x/Ln] 5fglag ul//x]sf] 5 .
k'gsf] zjnfO{ g]kfn n}hfg] tof/Lsf nflu jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL b"tfaf;4f/f sfd sf/jfxL eO/x]sf] s'/f b"taf;af6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .
zanfO{ g]kfn n}hfgsf nflu sf]nf]/f8f]l:yt :yfgLo g]kfnL u'?ª ;dfhn] tof/L ul/x]sf] eP klg pgsf kl/jf/nfO{ cGTo]i6Lsf nflu cd]l/sf cfpg lbPsf v08df cd]l/sfd} ug{ ;lsg] ePsf] gq g]kfn k7fpgsf nflu $ xhf/ # ;o cd]l/sL 8n/ nfUg] x'gfn] cem} s] ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o eOg;s]sf] / zanfO{ af]N8/l:yt :yfgLo c:ktfndf /flvPsf] 5 .
d[tssf Ps 5f]/f, 5f]/L / >LdtL kf]v/fd} 5g\ .

lzj/flqdf o'jfx?sf] ef]n]k|]d

ljkZjL
sf7df8f}+, km]a|'c/L !(, @))$

lxGb'x?sf] dxfg kj{ lzj/flq ;w}+em} o;kfnL klg ;DkGg eof] . cl3Nnf] lbgsf] g]kfn aGbsf] afah'b klg kz'kltgfydf eQmhgsf] 3'FOrf] b]lvGYof] . cl3Nnf jif{x?dfem}+ s]lxlbg cl3b]lv g} kz'klt If]q j/k/ ;fw';Gt, gfª\uf afaf, uh8L afafx?, dfUg]x? tyf cGo eQmhgx? cfˆgf] c8\8f hdfP/ a;]sf] b]lvGYof] . :yfgLo ufhf kf/vL o"jfx?sf] ef]n]k|]d klg kz'klt If]qdf s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f] xf]Og, of] ;+:sf/ o;kfln klg sfod} lyof] .
;w}+ eGbf o; jif{ lzj/flq sf} /f}gs leGg} lyof] kz'kltdf, uf}zfnfb]lv kz'klt;Dd / j/k/sf If]qx? s}nfz, d[u:ynL lt/ klg emsfems jlQ aflnPsf] lyof] .
cl3Nnf] lbgb]lv g} laleGg k/f]ksf/ tyf :jo+;]js ;+:yfx? eQmhgx?sf] ;]jfsf] nflu tDtof/ a;]sf b]lvGy] . bz{gfyL{x?sf] nflu vfglkg, cfsl:ds pkrf/sf} nflu lgz'Ns ;]jfsf] Aoj:yf lyof] / 7fpF 7fpFdf cf/fd ug{sf] nflu 6}06 6f+luPsf] lyof]. /flt cj]/;Dd klg kz'klt lt/ dflg;x?sf] cfjthfjt b]lvGYof] . ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd, gfrufg / /dfOnf]sf] qmd /fte/ g} rln/Xof] .
o;}lar a|Xds'df/L /fhof]u ;]af s]Gb|n] lxhf] dfgj sNof0f kz'kltgfy /y ofqfsf] cfof]hgf u¥of]{ . pQm /yofqf laxfg (M#) ah] /fhb/jf/ blIf0f 9f]sf af6 z'? eO{ sflGtky, c;g, OGb|rf]s, wd{ky, cf}daxfn, nug, 6]s', lqk'/]Zj/ x'Fb} bz/y /+uzfnf k'u]/ ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
cfWoflTds zflGtsf] ;Gb]z lbgsf] nflu cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm /yofqfdf xflQdf ;jf/ a|Xd s'df/Lx?, ;+:yfsf a|Xds'df/-s'df/Lx?, cGo cfj4 AolQmx?, :s'n] laBfyL{x?, leIf'x?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] b]lvGYof] .

cd]l/sfdf d'gfdbg

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, km]j|'c/L !&, @))$

xfn} xlnj'8df ;DkGg cf]:s/ cjf8{sf nflu ;+;f/e/ u/]/ Ps ;o @ j6f rnlrqn] efu lnPsf]df g]kfnL rnlrqsftkm{af6 Ps dfq rnlrq æd'gfdbgÆn] efu lnPsf] lyof] .
pQm cjf8{df efu lng] rnlrqdWo] ;a}eGbf sd nfut &@ nfv g]kfnLdf ag]sf] rnlrq d'gfdbg k/]sf] lyof] . cjf8{df efu lng]dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L nfut ^ ;o ldlnog 8n/df ag]sf] rnlrq æu'8jfO{ n]lngÆ /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL rnlrq æd'gfdbgÆn] Ps ;o b'O{dWo]df #& cf}+ :yfg k|fKt u/]sf] s'/f rnlrqsf lgdf{tf gj/fh 9sfnn] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] e]6df atfpg'eof] .
pQm rnlrqnfO{ cf]:s/ cjf8{df efulnPkl5 klxnf]k6s jfl;+ª6g 8L;L If]qsf g]kfnLx?dfem cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L 8L;Lsf] tTjfjwfgdf km]j|'c/L !% tfl/vsf lbg em08} tLg ;o g]kfnL dfem rnlrq k|bz{g ul/of] .
o;kl5 cfpFbf] dlxgfsf] ;ft tfl/v Go'of]s{df b]vfOg] s'/f klg lgdf{tf 9sfnn] atfpg'eof] .
9sfnsf cg';f/ @)%& ;fnsf] nIdL k"hfsf] lbg z'ed'x't{ ul/Psf] pQm rnlrq tof/ x'gnfO{ rf/ jif{ nfu]sf] lyof] .
5fof+sgsf nflu !& xhf/ # ;o lkm6;Dd k'u]sf] / o; rnlrqdf d'Vo snfsf/sf] clegosf nflu gofF snfsf/x?nfO{ lnOPsf]df lgdf{tf 9sfn snfsfx? gofF k'/fgf hf] eP klg cfkm" syf a:t'sf] k|:t'ltdf ljZjf; ug]{ ePsfn] klg gofF snfsf/x? /flvPsf] atfpg'x'G5 .
rnlrqsf] 5fof+sg u0f]z lxdfn j/k/ ul/Psf] 5 h'g ef]6 hfg] ;fFRr}sf] af6f] klg kg]{ s'/f 9sfn atfpg'x'G5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg kl/l:yltn] ubf{ ;fFem k/\of] ls sˆo"{ nfUg] x'gfn] klg rnlrq xnx?df k|bz{g ug{ ;Sg] kl/l:ylt gePsf]df pxfF lvGgtf JoQm ub}{ of] rnlrqnfO{ ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?dfem b]vfpg kfPsf]df cfkm" lgSs} xlif{t ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 .
ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnL bfh'efO lbbL alxgLx?n] rnlrq dgk/fOlbg'ePsf]df v'zL k|s6 ub}{ o:tf oyfy{ syfa:t'df cfwfl/t g]kfnL rnlrqx? agfpg] yk xf};nf cfkm"nfO{ ldn]sf] atfpFb} cfkm"n] km]/L o:t} k|sf/sf] rnlrq u'? k|;fb d}gfnLsf] ægf;f]ÆnfO{ csf]{ gfd æw/f]w/Æ lbP/ agfpg] clg jLkLsf] ;'lDgdfnfO{ eg] c+u|]hLdf agfpg] cfkm\gf] ;f]rfO/x]sf] s'/f g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] e]6df lgdf{tf 9sfnn] atfpg'eof] .
of] rnlrqnfO{ hfkfgdf x'g uO/x]sf] km'hL lkmNd km]l:6andf ;d]t cfkm"nfO{ lgDtf] cfPsf]n] ToxfF klg n}hfg] ;f]rfO/x]sf] s'/f 9sfnn] atfpg'eof] .

h}ljs g}ltstf;DaGwL PlzofnL ;Dd]ng

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
r's'jf hfkfg, km]j|'c/L !&, @))$

kfr}f h}ljs g}ltstf ;DaGwL ;Dd]ng hfkfgsf] lj1fg zx/ r's'jfdf ;DkGg eof] .
#% b]zsf !)% hgfn] efu lnPsf] ;Dd]ngdf h}ljs g}ltstf, h}ljs lzIff / d]l8sn g}ltstf nufotsf] ljifodf !)) j6f zf]wkqx? k:t't ePsf] ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 al/i7 kqsf/ k]|d s}bL, z'ez+s/ s+8]nn] g]kfnL afnaflnsf / g]kfndf r]nLa]6L cf];f/k;f./ ;DaGwL ldl8ofsf] e"ldsf ljifdf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
Pl;of h}ljs g}ltstf ;DaGwL ;+3sf cWoIf em'n] jt{dfg ljZjdf h}ljs g}ltstfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ g;s] eljio cGwsf/ x'g] r]tfjgL lbg' eof] . k|f]km];/ 8]l/n df;]/n] nuftf/ rf/lbg;dd ;+rfng ug'{ePsf] ;Dd]ndf ljZjsf a}1flgs lj1 tyf ljz]if1x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd r's'jf ljZjljBfnosf] xftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngdf Pl;ofsf hfkfg, rLg, ef/t, lkmlnlkG;, O/fg, 6sL{, blIf0f sf]l/of, tfOjfg, cd]l/sf, a]nfot, kf]Nof08 nufotsf ljleGg b]zsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cfufdL @))% sf] ;Dd]ng 6sL{df gf]e]Dj/df x'g] ePsf] 5 .

z'/Iff kmf}h4f/f ljleGg 7fpFdf ad lgl:qmo

Od]naf6
km]j|'c/L !%, @))$

;r]t gful/sx?af6 k|fKt va/sf] cfwf/df km]j'|c/L !% tfl/v laxfg s/Lj %=#) ah]lt/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] x]6f}F8f gu/kflnsf j8f g+=$ sdn8fF8fl:yt $ g+= j8f ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] 9f]sf kmf]8L 6]jn d'gL h8fg u/]sf] Ps÷Ps j6f ;s]6 / k|]z/ s's/ ad ;Fo'Qm ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] ad l8:kf]hn 6f]nLn] lgis[o kf/]sf] 5 .
pQm s'/f ;'/Iffkmf}h4f/f k|]lift ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
;f] If]q j/k/sf ;r]t gful/sx?n] ;dod} pQm sfof{no leq tL ;s]6 / k|]z/ s's/ ad h8fg ul/Psf] va/ ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ pknJw u/fPsf] x'Fbf ad lgis[o kfg{ ;'/Iff lgsfo ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] / ;+efljt 7"nf] b'3{6gfaf6 pQm If]q ;'/lIft aGg ;s]sf] s'/f ;dfrf/df pNn]v 5 .
JolQmut / ;fj{hlgs ;DklQnfO{ nlIft ub}{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] 7fpF 7fpFdf ad tyf ljB'lto w/fk h8fg ug]{ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf]n] To:tf 36gfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu ;'/Iff kmf}hn] o; k|sf/n] ;r]t gful/sx?af6 lg/Gt/ ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fVb} ;dod} va/ ul/ ;xof]u ug]{ :yflgoaf;Lx?k|lt cfef/ k|s6 u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L km]j'|c/L !$ tfl/v ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] dl0fu|fd, g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf] lqz'nL ;fd/L /f]8 PlS;; cGt/ut kg]{ /fO{l;Fx ahf/df ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] u:tL 6f]nLnfO{ nlIft u/L /fv]sf] l/lnh l;:6dsf] k|];/ s's/ ad, gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] /fhdfu{ / ;f]xLlbg s}nfnL lhNnfsf] ;f8]kfgL uf=lj=;=sf] a]nf / ansf]6 O{nfsfx?df dfcf]jfbLx?n] /fv]sf] laleGg lsl;dsf adx? ;'/Iffkmf}hn] lgis[o kf/]sf] s'/f klg ;'/Iffkmf}h4f/f k|]l;t ;dfrf/df pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .