;dfrf/ ;+If]k   clen]vfno

;8sdf cfGbf]ngsf/L le8\b}5g\

Od]naf6
clk|n !), @))$

cfh zlgaf/ klg hgcfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx?sf] 7'nf] h'n';n] pkTosfsf ltg} gu/sf d'Vo-d'Vo efux? uuge]bL em08f / gf/fsf ;fy kl/qmdf ub}{ pQm 3f]if0ffnfO{ ljkmn kfl/lbPsf] 5 . ;os8f}+ g]tf sfo{stf{sf] lu/\kmtf/L / c+>'Uof; tyf nf7Lrfh{ x'+bfx'+b} klg eb| cj1f cfGbf]ng k"0f{tM ;kmn /x]sf] s'/f g]kfn 6|]8 o'lgog dxf;+3n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
h'n';sf] g]t[Tj ul//xg' ePsf g]skf-Pdfn]sf :yfoL ;ldltsf g]tf e/t df]xg clwsf/L / s]zj j8fn, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf dxfdGqL ;'l;n sf]O/fnf, ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{sf pkfWoIf nLnfd0fL kf]v/]n, g]dlskfsf k|]d ;'jfn / g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf /fh]Gb| dxtf] nufot ;os8f}+ g]tf sfo{stf{x? cj1f cfGbf]ngsf qmddf c;+j}wflgs zfxL ;/sf/n] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfn 6"]8 o"lgog dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj lji0f' l/dfn, sf]iffWoIf ljgf]b >]i7, lzIff ljefu k|d'v ljGbf kf08], ;8s Jofkf/ >lds ;+3sf cWoIf gf/fo0f Gof}kfg] nufotsf g]tf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;d]t dfgj clwsf/ / 6"]8 o"lgog clwsf/nfO{ nTofp+b}+ zfxL ;/sf/n] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn 6"]8 o"lgog dxf;+3 cfkm\gf g]tf sfo{stf{sf ;fy} cGo >lds ;+u7g / ;a} kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{sf] ;-;Ddfg t'?Gt l/xfOsf] dfu ub{5 . ljgfsf/0f ul/Psf] slyt b+ufu|:t If]qsf] 3f]if0ff t'?Gt lkmtf{ lnb}+ cg}lts / c;+j}wflgs yfkf ;/sf/sf] cljnDa /flhgfdfsf] dfu klg pQm dxf;+3sf ljb]z ljefusf k|d'v pd]z pkfWofo4f/f k|]l;t lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5.

cflbaf;L hghflt klg cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ clk|n !), @))$

c;f]h !* sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 b]zsf] k|hftflGqs xs clwsf/af6 g]kfnL hgtfn] alGrt /xFb} cfPsf]df clxn] cfP/ of] l:ylt emg} ;+j]bgzLn / u+eL/ df]8df k'u]sf] 7x/ cflbaf;L hghflt ;+o'Qm df]rf{n] u/]s]f 5 .
clk|n !) tfl/vdf cflbjf;L hghflt ;+o'Qm df]rf{ tof/L ;ldltsf ;+of]hs s]jL u'?ª4f/f Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ jt{dfg /fli6|o ;+s6sf] xn vf]Hg] qmddf /fhgLlts bnx?af6 x'Fb} cfPsf] k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ng / k|hftGqsf] kIfdf df]rf{n] cfGbf]ng / k|hftGqsf] kIfdf v'n]/ ;dy{g u/]sf] 5 hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
pQm lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æo; ;Gbe{df ;j{k|yd xfdL g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df oxfFsf cflbjf;L hghfltx? cfkm}df rf}yf] zlQmsf] ?kdf /x]sf] s'/f hfx]/ ub{5f}+ . d'n'ssf] rf}yf] zlQmsf ?kdf /x]sf cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] ;d:ofnfO{ xn ug]{ d'4f g} cfhsf] ;a} sf]0faf6 s]Gb|ljGb"df /xb} cfPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ xn ug]{ s'/f d'n'ssf ;a} zlQmx?sf aLr x'g] ;j{klIfo ;Dd]ngsf] dfWodaf6 a9\g ;lsG5 eGg] xfd|f] dt 5 . t;y{ xfdL jt{dfg /fli6"o ;+s6sf] xn vf]Hg ;j{klIfo ;Dd]ng x'Fb} ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf hfg /fhgLlts bn Pj+ ;a} ;DaGwLt kIfx?nfO{ ckLn ub{5f}+ / s]jn jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] 3]/fdf /x]/ dfq jt{dfg ;+s6sf] xn x'G5 eGg] e|ddf g/xL /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf g} hf]8 lbg klg cfu|x ub{5f}+ . o; ;Gbe{df xfdL cflbjf;L hghflt zflGtjftf{ ;dGjo ;ldltn] cl3 ;f/]sf] $@ z'qLo sfo{qmddf Wofg lbg klg cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
;fy} ;f] e]nfn] cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] k|hftGqsf] kIfdf /x]sf] cfkm\gf] dt hfx]/ ug{ / cfkm\gf] xs clwsf/sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ p7fpg olx r}q #) ut] ljxfg * ah] td' af}4 ;]jf ;ldlt, cgfdgu/sf] xndf æjt{dfg kl/l:yltdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] e"ldsfÆ ljifos Ps cGt{lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug{ uO/x]sf] tyf ljleGg ;8s sfo{qmd agfPsf] klg lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

ob'sf]xfdf rf/ dfcf]jfbLsf] nf; e]l6of]

/jL zfx
hgsk'/wfd, clk|n !), @))$

ob'sf]xf cfqmd0fdf rf/ hgf dfcf]jfbLsf] d[To' ePsf] s'/f cfh r}t @& ut] k|i6 x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
ut cfOtaf/ /ftL kf}g] gf} ah] dfcf]jfbLn] ob'sf]xf Onfsf k|x/L rf}sL dfly cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP . ;f] cfqmd0fdf ( hgf ;'/IffsdL{sf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLtkm{ ;d]t dfl/Psf] cfz+sf ul/Pklg nf; eg] cfh kfKt ePsf] 5 . 36gfsf lbg ;''/Iff >f]tn] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf dfcf]jfbLtkm{ ;d]t xtfxt ePsf] eg]sf] lyof] .
ptf 36gfsf] t]>f] lbg d+unjf/ dfcf]jfbL tkm{af6 $ hgf dfl/Psf] ;+rf/sdL{x?nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] 6]lnkmf]gdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP .
xfn km]nf k/]sf nf;x? gg'k§L / ob'sf]xfsf] aLrsf] efudf hldg d'lg k'l/Psf cj:yfdf e]l6Psf] 5 / nf;x? lrlgg ;lsg] cj:yfdf gePsf eP klg dfcf]jfbLsf] egfOcg';f/ tL rf/ nf;x? dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
nf;x?nfO{ hldgd'gL cToGt} cJojl:yt tl/sfn] k'l/Psf sf/0f pQm If]q g} b'3{lGwt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ;f] nf;x? ;gfvt x'g ;Sg] cj:yfdf ;d]t /x]sf 5}gg\ .
xfn ;f] If]qdf o"lgkmfO8 sdf08 kl/rfng ul/Psf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] ob'sf]xf cfqmd0fnfO{ cfkmgf] 7"nf] pknAwL atfPsf lyP .
;'/lIft ;'/IffsdL{x?n] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] cfkmgf] j]e ;fO6df atfPsf] 5 . ptf dfgj clwsf/jfbLn] dfcf]jfbLåf/f cfTd;dk{0f ul/;s]sf @ ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ xTofu/]sf] atfPsf] 5 .
cfOtjf/ @@ ut] /ftL dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] cfqmd0fdf Jofks Iflt ePsf] lyof] . ;f] qmddf ;'/IffsdL{ tkm{ d[tsx?
gfd kb 7]ufgf
uDeL/ rGb k|=lg= j}t8L,cf+krf}/
/fd afns ofbj k|=;=lg= ;nf{xL, ;'bfdf-#
a]rg s'df/ /fpt k|=x= dxf]Q/L, k;f{ kt}nL- %
;xif{ pkfWofo k|=h= sf:sL ;Tofg- &
/fdan/fd ofbj k|=h= /f}tx6, dof{bfk'/ - $
r]tk|;fb e§/fO{ k|=h= emfkf, bds gkf-&
lblnk s'df/ l;+x k|=h= ;nf{xL, ;'bfdf-#
lgd{n s'df/ s'nfdL du/ k|=h= l;Gw'nL, eb|sfnL-%
anaxfb'/ /fo k|=h= ef]hk'/, g]kfn8f+8f-#
3fOt]x? M z'qm axfb'/ nfdf- k|=;=lg=, 3gZofd kf]v/]n- k|=h=, /fdgfy dxt- k|=h=, l;kfxL ldof- k|=h=, /fdpbuf/ ofbj - k|=h, zDe' l;+x wfdL, k|=h, ljbfdf kf+r hgf, !$ hgf ;s'zn
;fy} Pp6f hLk, # df]t/ ;fOsn / cfwf bh{g ;fOsnnfO{ ad ljikmf]tdf Wo:t kfl/Psf] lyof] .

/fhwfgLdf htftt} cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf h'n'z

Od]naf6
sf7df8f}+, clk|n (, @))$

k|ltudglj?4 kfFrj6f cfGbf]ngsf/L kf6L{x?sf] zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gaf6 cflQP/ /fHon] l;+uf] /fhwfgLnfO{ b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]fif0ff u/L kfFr hgfeGbf a9L JolQmx? lx+88'n ug{ ;d]t lgif]w u/]sf]df To;sf] Jofks cj1f ul/Psf] 5 . slyt lgif]lwt If]qsf] pn+3g ug{ plqg' ePsf g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf cdLs z]/rg, g]dlskfsf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] / ;befjgfsf e/tljdn ofbj ;lxt hDdf ! xhf/ % ;o @ hgf cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ /fHon] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{x?n] n5f/k5f/ ubf{ j]xf]; x'g' ePsf] 5 .
/fHon] dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf ;efklt s[i0f kxf8L, g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7gsf cWoIf ;'bLk kf7s nufotsf dfgjclwsf/sdL{, g]kfn jf/ Pzf]l;o;gsf cWoIf z+e' yfkf ;lxt sl/a % ;o sfg"g Joj;foLx?nfO{ klg kqmfp u/L lx;f;tdf lnPsf] lyof] . zflGtk"0f{ cj1fdf plqPsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?dfly bdg / w/ks8 ubf{ /fHon] k|hftGq kfs{ If]qdf bh{gf}+ /fp08 ljiffQm UofF; k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] . cfh} lqrGb| sn]haf6 k|fWofksx?n] lgif]lwt If]qsf] pNn+3g ub}{ h'n'z lgsfn]/ wgf{ lbPsf lyP .
/fHon] Ps ljb]zL dfgj clwsf/ ko{j]Ifs ;d]tnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . /fHon] kqmfp u/]sf cfGbf]ngsf/L g]tf sfo{stf{x? dWo] dxf;lrj g]kfn, g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fdrGb| kf}8]n / gf]gf sf]O/fnf;lxt @^ hgfnfO{ k|x/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg dxf/fhuGhdf /flvPsf] lyof] . o;}u/L (%^ hgfnfO{ g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgsf] s]Gb|Lo uf]bfd yfkfynLdf, $%) hgfnfO{ dx]Gb| k'ln; Snjdf / &) hgfnfO{ bz/y /+uzfnfdf /flvPsf] 5 . lu/ˆtf/ x'g] g]skf -Pdfn]_sf g]tfx?df lqnf]rg 9sfn, k|bLk 1jfnL, eLd cfrfo{, ;'/]Gb| kf08], pld{nf cof{n / k|sfz Hjfnf x'g'x'G5 eg] g]skf -Pdfn]_ ?s'dsf ;lrj z]/axfb'/ s]=;L=nfO{ em08f af]s]/ ;8sdf lxl8/x]sf] a]nf ;'/IffsdLn] aa/dxnaf6 kqmfp u/]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
o;}aLr g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] cfh Ps k|]; lj1KtL hf/L ug'{ eO{ k"0f{ ljho geP;Dd cfGbf]ngdf h'l6/xg xflb{s cfXjfg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . lj1KtLdf pxfFn] eGg' ePsf] 5 - æhgtfsf] cfGbf]ng ck/fh]o 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ cfGbf]ngdf ;/Ls ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfok|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 / of] cfGbf]ngsf] k"0f{ ljho geP;Dd cfGbf]ngdf h'l6/xg xflb{s cfx\jfg ub{5 . ;/sf/sf] lg/+s'z,
/fHon] lu/ˆtf/ cleofg rnfP/ s]xL g]tf sfo{stf{nfO{ dx]Gb| k'ln; Snj k'¥ofpFbf ;jf tLg ah] k|bz{gL dfu{df xhf/f}+sf] h'n'z lgl:s/x]s]f lyof] eg] ef]6flx6Ldf $ ah] cfGbf]ngsf/L / k|x/LaLr le8Gt ePsf] lyof] . Go"/f]8, afuahf/ / k'tnL;8s If]q cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] lyof] . o;qmddf If]qkf6Laf6 lg:s]sf] h'n'z OGb|rf]s x'Fb} Go"/f]8 k'u]sf] lyof] eg] kBdf]bo xfO{:s"naf6 /Tgkfs{;Dd g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj nufotsf k|d'v g]tfx?sf] g]t[Tjdf h'n'z lg:s]sf] lyof] . /Tgkfs{df dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn / sfFu|]; ;efklt sf]O/fnf ;lxt sl/a kfFr xhf/ cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] kf}g] Ps 306f hlt wgf{ lbPsf lyP . h;n] ubf{ k|d'v g]tfx?nfO{ kqmg ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ lgs} ufx|f] k/]sf] lyof] . To;} qmddf dxf;lrj g]kfnnfO{ lbpF;f] @M$% ah] k|x/L kqmfp u/]s]f lyof] eg] s/La 8]9 306fkl5 pxfFnfO{ gofF afg]Zj/ l:yt Pdfn] sfo{stf{ ljb'/ d}gfnLsf] 3/df k'¥ofP/ ;f9] rf/ ah]lt/ d'Qm u/]sf] lyof] .
dfgj clwsf/sdL{x?nfO{ lx/f;t d'Qm u/]kl5 k'gM /Tgkfs{df k'u]/ lgif]lwt If]q / lu/ˆtf/Lsf] lj/f]wdf pgLx?n] cfd ;ef ;DkGg u/]sf lyP t/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ k|x/Lsf] 6"sdf /fvL jf0fe~ofª, blIf0fsfnL, yfgsf]6, ;Nnf3f/L eQmk'/ / afnfh' jfO{kf;eGbf dfly k'¥ofO{ ;'/IffsdL{x?n] cnkq kfg]{ cdfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]sf] kLl8tx?n] hgfPsf 5g\ .

l;+xb/jf/ u]6df bz ld6/sf] Jofg/
sf7df8f} . k|ltudg lj/f]wL ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngk|lt ;dy{g hgfpFb} /fli6"o jfl0fHo a}ssf sd{rf/Lx?n] l;+xb/jf/ u]6df bz ld6/ 7"nf] Jofg/ em'08fPsf 5g\ .
a}ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no l;+xb/jf/af6 /fli6"o jfl0fHo a}s sd{rf/L ;+3 / g]kfn ljQLo ;+:yf sd{rf/L ;3n] ;+o'Qm?kdf pQm k|bz{g u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . o;} u/L k]zfut dxf;+3 g]kfnn] k|ltudg lj/f]wL ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng k|lt P}Soj4tf hgfpb} cfh /fhwfgLdf xhf/f}+sf] h'n'; k|bz{g u/]s]f 5 .

;'/Iff P]g cfuf]df
kf]v/f . k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; kf]v/fsf ljBfyL{x?n] ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g @)$^ hnfP/ lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . k|ltufdL ;/sf/n] pQm P]gsf] cf8 lnP/ hgtfsf] hg cfGbf]ngdfly bdg ug{ /fhwfgLnfO{ b+ufu|:t / lgif]lwt If]q 3f]if0ff u/]s]fdf ljBfyL{x?n] lj/f]wdf pQm P]g hnfOPsf] atfP . cfh kf]v/fdf # xhf/ eGbf j9Lsf] h'n'z lg:s]/ lj/f]w ;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 .
:of+hfdf ;of}+sf] h'n'zn] k|ltudgsf] k'Tnf c/f}6L vf]nfdf k'¥ofO{ bfx;+:sf/ u/]]sf] 5 . tgx'Fdf ;of}+sf] h'n'z lg:s]]sf] 5 eg] a'6jndf b'O{ xhf/sf] h'n'z lgsflnPsf] 5 .

kfFr ;o GofosdL{ lu/ˆtf/
sf7df08f}+ . k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf P]Soj4tf hgfpg g]kfn af/ P;f]lzP;gsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 lg:s]sf] sl/a Ps xhf/ sfg"g Joj;foLsf] h'n'znfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] /f]Sbf l;+xb/jf/ cufl8 lgif]lwt If]qdf 306f}+ nfdf] wgf{ lbPsf 5g\ .
tt\kZrft, af/sf cWoIf z+De' yfkf, al/i7 clwjQmf af;'b]j 9'+ufgf nufot\ % ;oeGbf a9L sfg"g Joj;foLx?nfO{ k|x/Ln] wgf{ :ynaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L vfB ;+:yfgsf] s]Gb|Lo uf]bfddf nu]sf] lyof] . ;fFem 5'6]kl5 sfg"g Joj;foLx? k'gM lj/f]w h'n'z ;lxt jf/sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no k'u]/ sfo{qmd ;dfkg u/] .

lj/f]w tyf cj1f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ cfx\jfg
sf7df08f} . cfGbf]ng/t kfFr kf6L{sf pRr:t/Lo g]tfx?sf] cfhsf] ;j{bnLo a}7sn] /fhfsf] k|ltufdL ;/sf/n] /fhwfgLnfO{ if8oGqk"j{s b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]if0ff u/]s]fdf 3f]/ lgGbf / eT;{gf u/]sf] 5 . pQm a}7sn] lgDg cg';f/ lg0f{ox? u/]sf] 5-

;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] h'n'z k|bz{g tyf lj/f]wsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+oldt tj/n] ;+rflnt eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ljljw k]zf, Joj;fo / jf}l4s JolQmTjx? ;d]tsf] Jofks hg;d'bfo k|ltudgsf lj?4 zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf kIfdf ;8sdf plqPkl5 /fhwfgLnfO{ b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]if0ff ub}{ k|ltufdL ;/sf/n] c;+j}wlgs, ck|hftflGqs / hglj/f]wL cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] 5 . nfvf}+ hgtfsf] lj/f]w tyf cj1f sfo{qmddf ePsf] hg;xeflutfaf6 cflQP/ xtf;, ljrlnt / k/flht dgl:yltsf] kl/0ffd:j?k /fhfsf] k|ltufdL ;/sf/n] if8oGqk"j{s hf/L u/]sf] o:tf] cfb]znfO{ xfdL eT;{gf ub{5f}+ / o;nfO{ c:jLsf/ tyf cj1f ug]{ 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .

t;y{ k|ltudg lj?4 cfh lbgsf] @ ah] /Tgkfs{af6 z'? x'g] elgPsf] lj/f]w sfo{qmd oyfjt ;+rfng x'g] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} pQm sfo{qmddf ;dy{g ;xof]u tyf ;xeflutfsf nflu ;+Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfodf xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5f}+ .

ef]nL @)^) r}q @* ut] lbgsf] @ ah] /Tgkfs{af6 lj/f]w k|bz{gLsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .


k|ltudg / cj}wflgs bdgsf/L cfb]z tyf sfdsf/jfxLsf lj?4 cfh}b]lv b]zJofkL?kdf lj/f]w tyf cj1fsf ljljw sfo{qmdx? ;zQm 9+un] ;+rfng ug{ ;+Dk"0f{ hg;d"bfodf xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5f}+ .

zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]gndf dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] 3';k}7 egL c;+j}wflgs ;/sf/åf/f eO{/x]s]f k|fof]lht / if8oGqk"0f{ k|rf/sf] xfdL eT;{gf ub{5f}+ . of] skf]slNkt / cfwf/xLg cf/f]k ePsf] k'i6L ub}{} o:tf] i8oGqsf/L cfwf/xLg nfG5gfaf6 pTkGg x/]s kl/l:yltsf] nflu ;/sf/ lhDd]jf/ x'g] s'/f k|i6 ub{5f}+ .

zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng hgtfnfO{ k"0f{tM ;fj{ef}d agfpg], k|hftflGqs clwsf/ k'gj{xfnLsf] cfGbf]ng ePsf]n] o;nfO{ clxn];Dd ;xof]u, ;dy{g tyf ;xeflutf hgfpg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{ gful/s ;dfh, hg;d'bfo ;+3÷;+:yf tyf pBdL Joj;foL / cGt/f{li6"o ;d'bfonfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lb+b} cfufdL lbgdf cem k|efjsf/L?kn] ;xof]u ;dy{g ug'{x'g xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5f}+ .

g]sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf cWoIf clds z]/rg , g]dlskfsf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] / g];kf -cfgGbb]jL_sf pkfWoIf e/tljdn ofbjåf/f cfh hf/L ;+o'Qm k|]; lj1lKtdf pQm lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] xf] .
;dfrf/ ;|f]tM g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefuåf/f k|sflzt hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/af6

cfGbf]ng g/f]lsg]

Od]naf6
clk|n )(, @))$

t:jL/M ljkZjL

k|ltufdL /fhfsf] ;/sf/sf lj?4 cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? kl5 gx6\g] 3f]if0ff cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] u/]sf 5g\ .
;/sf/n] clk|n * tfl/v /fltb]lv u/]sf] lgif]wf1fsf] hgtfx?n] wHhL p8fpFb} clk|n ( tfl/vsf lbg /fhwfgLdf xHhf/f}+sf] h'n'; lgl:sPsf] s'/f g]skf -Pdfn]_4f/f k|]lift lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
;/sf/n] cfGbf]ngdf ;fd]n ePsf g]tf dfwjs'/df/ g]kfn nufot Pdfn]sf s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?, ljleGg k]zfut ;+u7gsf sfo{stf{x?, dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfo{stf{x? / ;j{;fwf/0f u/]/ ! xhf/ % ;o b'O{ hgf eGbf a9LnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ cfkm\gf] k|hftflGqs cg'xf/ k|i6 ?kdf b]vfPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L cfGbf]ngsf] ko{j]If0f ul//x]sf dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf cWoIf s[i0f kxf8L, g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7gsf cWoIf ;'bLk kf7s nufot Ps ;o eGbf a9L dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;/sf/n] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 .
hgtfsf] of] cfGbf]ng hf/L /xg] 5 . ef]ln r}q @* ut] cyf{t\ clk|n !) tfl/vsf lbg @ ah] cfhsf] h;/L g} hgtfsf] lj/f]w k|bz{g hf/L /xg] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ Gofok|]dL hgtfnfO{ cfcfkm\gf] 7fpFsf] lj/f]w k|bz{gdf ;fd]n x'g cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx?sftkm{af6 s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng ;ldltsf k|d'v e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] xflb{s cfXjfg ug'{ePsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLn] ef/tlj/f]wL ultljlw /f]Sg]

Od]naf6
clk|n )(, @))$

g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf jl/i7 g]tfx?nfO{ ef/tLo ;/sf/n] kqmfp u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x?n] ef/tlj/f]wL cleofg lgSs} t]h ultdf cufl8 a9fO/s} a]nf pQm kf6L{sf k|jQmf s[i0f axfb'/ dx/fn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L cfkm"x?n] To:tf k|sf/sf ultljlwnfO{ lgoGq0f ul/g] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . clk|n * tfl/v k|sflzt Ps jStJodfkm{t\ pQm s'/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] xf] .
xfn} dfq dfcf]jfbLx?n] s]xL ef/tLo 6|s hnfpg] / ef/tLo gful/sx?nfO{ nv]6\g] h:tf sfo{x? ub}{ cfPsf lyP .
pQm kf6L{sf k|jQmf dx/fn] ;f]xL jStJodfkm{t\ cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] /fv]sf] r}q @$, @% / @^ ut]sf] tLg lbg] g]kfn aGb ;fgbf/ ?kdf ;kmn ePsf]] / o; sfo{df ;kmn k'/\ofpg'x'g] ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbOPsf] 5 .

k|jf;L g]kfnL e]nf

Od]naf6
clk|n ^, @))%

ef/tsf] dxf/fi6| /fHo cGtu{t eLj08L tfn'sfsf] 6fs'/ kf8f gflzs 8foj]df/x]sf k|jf;L g]kfnL ;+3sf ;b:ox?sf] e]nf oxL clk|n kfFr tfl/vsf lbg ;DkGg ePsf] s'/f pQm ;+3n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
e]nfn] g]kfndf kfFr kf6L{x?4f/f ;+rfng ul/Psf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf af/]df lji0f' lu/L tyf eujt\ l;x+ g]kfnLn] rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL ;dodf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf] hgo'4n] g]kfndf kf/]sf] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds k|efjsf af/]df klg rrf{ kl/rrf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
pQm g]kfnL e]nfn] g]skf -Pdfn]_n] k|:t't u/]sf] /fli6|o ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] gf} ;"qLo d;f}bf ;xL ljsNk x'g ;Sg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] .
pQm e]nfnfO{ lji0f' lu/L tyf dxf/fi6| u'h/ft ;+o'Qm /fHo ;ldltsf ;b:o Pj+ lej08L lghfdk'/ gu/ ;ldltsf OGrfh{ eujt\ l;+x g]kfnLn] ;+jf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

DofUbLaf6 ckx/0f ul/Psfx? d'Qm

Od]naf6
clk|n ^, @))$

DofUbL lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd a]gLsf] cfqmd0fdf dfcf]jfbLx?4f/f ckx/0f ul/Psf DofUbLsf k|d'v lhNnfclwsf/L, k|x/L pkl/Ifs nufot #$ hgf ;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] cGt/f{li6|o /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf] /f]xj/df clk|n ^ tfl/v ljxfg !) ah] /f]Nkfsf] yjfªdf d'Qm ul/lbPsf] 5g\ .
d'Qm ul/Psf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L nufotsf ;a}nfO{ cfh} x]lnsK6/af6 sf7df8f}+ NofOPsf] / /]8qm;n] u[xdGqfnosf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ a'emfPsf] 5 .
o;cl3 dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo kf]ln6Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf hghfltsf k|d'v k|f1 ;'/]z cfn]du/ / If]qLo Jo'/f] ;b:o ltns zdf{sf] l/xfOsf] dfu ub}{ ;/sf/;Fu ;f}bfafhL ub}{ cfPsf lyP .
l/xfOsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08 OGrfh{ bLjfs/n] Ps k|]; jStJo k|sflzt ub}{ ckx/0f ul/Psf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx?sf] l/xfOsf nflu dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh / pxfFx?sf kl/jf/hgx?n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ u/]sf] cfu|xsf] sb/ ub}{ kf6L{sf cWoIf k|r08sf] lgb]{zgdf cfkm\gf] lx/f;taf6 l/xfO ul/Psf] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L cfkm\gf ;+u7gsf z'elrGts / hg;d'bfonfO{ ckx/0f u/L ;/sfsf tkm{af6 j]kQf kfg]{, cdfg'lifs oftgf lbg] / xTof ug]{ jj{/ ;[+vnf aGb u/L o'4aGbL / /fhaGbLsf] Jojxf/ ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{df ;Dk"0f{ dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yfx? / gful/s ;dfhaf6 cem} k|efjsf/L kxn eO/xg] 5 eGg] ljZjf; klg cfkm"x?n] u/]sf] s'/f pQm k|]l;t lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

hg cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf hfx]/ x'Fb}5

clk|n %, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . r}q !( ut]b]lv ;'¿ ePsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] pef/ cfh ;f]daf/ clk|n % tfl/v klg /fhwfgLdf sfod /x\of] . cfGbf]ngsf/L k|d'v kfFr bnsf zLif{:y g]tfx¿ wgf{df /x]sf lyP eg] bzf}+ xhf/sf] h'n'zn] k|ltudg tyf ;/sf/L bdgsf lj¿4 cfjfh p7fPsf] lyof] . cfGbf]ngsf] cfhsf] sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;+3, ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 Jofks P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ul/Psf] lyof] . dfgjclwsf/jfbLx¿sf tkm{af6 s[i0f kxf8L, k|fWofksx¿sf] tkm{af6 vu]Gb| e§/fO{, sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf tkm{af6 zDe' yfkf, :jf:YosdL{x¿sf] tkm{af6 8f= dy'/f >]i7, n]vs, ;flxTosf/x¿sf tkm{af6 cfgGbb]j e§ / kqsf/x¿sf tkm{af6 lgd{nf zdf{n] P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cfGbf]ngsf] cfhsf] sfo{qmddf g]skf -Pdfn]_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /3' kGt, g]sfsf g]tf dxGy 7fs'/, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf g]tf 3gZofd kf}8]n, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{sL g]t[ ;l/tf lu/L / g]dlskfsf g]tf l8NnLk|;fb sfkm\n]n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf :yfoL sld6L ;b:o emngfy vgfn, g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o rqmk|;fb af:tf]nf, g]kfnL sfFu|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;fu/zD;]/ hj/f / hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kl/ yfkfn] hf/L ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf cGt/f{li6"o P]Soa4tfsf nflu ;+o'Qm ckLn ug'{ePsf] 5 .
zflGt, k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] nflu e}/x]sf] cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] hgfpFb} pQm ckLndf P]Soa4tf tyf ;dy{gsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ k|hftflGqs ;+:yf, hgtf, cGt/f{li6"o ;d'bfonfO{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .
;~rf/sdL{ klg pqg afWo x'g] r]tfjgL
;+ljwfgsf] lqmofzLntf / k|hftflGqs xs, clwsf/sf] axfnLsf nflu r}q !( ut]b]lv kfFr /fhgLlts bnåf/f ;~rflnt ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf ;/sf/åf/f eO/x]sf] Jofks bdgsf] k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfnn] 3f]/ lgGbf Pj+ eT;{gf u/]sf] 5 .
æzflGtk"0f{ lj/f]w k|bz{gsf/Lx¿dfly ;fbf kf]zfssf ;'/IffsdL{x¿ / cfkm"åf/f kf]lift d08n]x¿nfO{ cfqmd0f ug{ nufpg] ;/sf/sf] lqmofsnfk 3f]/ ck|hftflGqs Pj+ ck/fwk"0f{ /x]sf] dx;'; k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfnn] u/]sf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿dfly /a/sf] uf]nL, c>'Uof; / nf7L k|xf/ u/L uDeL/ 3fOt] t'Nofpg] tyf c:ktfnleq ;d]t k|j]z u/L 3fOt] Pj+ lrlsT;sx¿ / ;dfrf/ ;+sngdf sfo{/t ;~rf/sdL{nfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ sfo{sf] ;d]t k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfn lj/f]w ub{5 Æ dxf;lrj k|d]fb bxfnåf/f cfh k|sflzt lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 .
;/sf/sf o:tf 3f]/ ck|hftflGqs tyf ;+ljwfg lj/f]wL lqmofskfn ;+jfb / ;xdltsf lgldQ afws ag]sf] lgZsif{ lgsfNb} zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly cfqmd0f gug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbb} To; ;+:yfn] cGoyf To;af6 pTkGg h'g;'s} kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/ jt{dfg ;/sf/ g} x'g'kg]{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] o:t} /j}of /lx/x]df To;sf lj¿4 k|]; :jtGqtfsf kIfw/ cfd kqsf/ Pj+ ;~rf/sdL{x¿ ;d]t ;8sdf pqg afWo x'g] s'/f ;d]t lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
zflGt ;dfh4f/f ;/sf/L bdgsf] lgGbf
o;}u/L, dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf ;efklt s[i0f kxf8Ln] lxhf] Ps k|]; jQmJo hf/L ub}{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf lxhf] /Tgkfs{df ePsf] k|x/L aa{/tf / ;/sf/L bdgsf] lgGbf ug'{ePsf] 5 .
k|]; jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 - æk|hftGqsf] d'2f cl3 ;f/]/ zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ aa{/tfsf ;fy lk6\g', hyfefjL l6o/ UofF; 5f8\g' / uf]nL -Knfli6s_ rnfpg' tyf hgcfGbf]ng lj¿4 /fHos} ;+/If0fdf lu/f]x v8f u/]/ ck/flws rl/qnfO{ canDag ug'{h:tf lqmofsnfksf] zflGt ;dfh eT;{gf ub{5 . o;}u/L r}q @! ut] zlgjf/ ;fFem zflGt ;dfhsf k|ltlglw df]8]n c:ktfndf /x]s} a]nf k|x/Lx¿sf] Ps 6f]nLn] pQm c:ktfnleq k;L vfgtnf;L ug]{ h:tf] sfo{ u/]sf] k|ToIf b]lvPsf] lyof] . 3fOt]x¿sf] pkrf/df ;+nUg lgsfodf k;L k|ltzf]wfTds Jojxf/ cjnDag ug'{ / k|hftflGqs ;dfhsf ;f/f dof{bfnfO{ tf]8]/ qm'/ Pj+ cdfg'lifs cfr/0f b]vfpg' b'Mvb Pj+ nHhf:kb ljifo xf] . o:tf] k|j[lQ lj¿4 zflGt ;dfhn] rf8} g} cleofg ;~rfng ug]{5 .Æ
bf]ifLnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ ;/sf/;dIf dfu
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;+u7gsf dxf;lrj ef]nfgfy kf]v/]nn] cfh Ps k]|; lj1lKt hf/L ug'{ eO{ ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] sfd ;s]/ lxhf] a]n'sf 3/ kms{g nfUbf cWoIf d'/f/L e§/fO{ / pkfWoIf lji0f'k|;fb nfld5fg]nfO{ kl/ro kq b]vfpFbf klg ^ hgf k|x/Ln] 3]/]/ lgd{dtfk"j{s nf7L k|xf/ u/]sf] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 .
kf]v/]nn] ;'/IffsdL{x¿ ck/flws / lgb{oL aGb} uPsf] k'i6L ePsf] atfpFb} o;sf] 5fgljg u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/;dIf dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 .
ank|of]usf] 36gf gbf]xf]¥ofpg dfu
sf7df8f}+ . lj3l6t ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj u/]sf kfFr k|d'v bnx¿åf/f ut r}t !(, @)^) b]lv yflnPsf] zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gdf vf;u/L ut @) / @! ut]sf] ;'/IffsdL{åf/f ul/Psf] u}/ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ sf/afxLk|lt cfkm\gf] Wofg cfsif{0f ePsf] cGt/f{li6"o P]Soa4tf ;d'x -lu|G;f]_ g]kfnn] hgfPsf] 5 .
o; 36gfn] ;+ljwfg k|bQ dfgjclwsf/ ;d]tsf] 7f8f] pNn+3g u/L ;'/IffsdL{af6 lgxTyf hgtf / vf;u/L g]tf¿nfO{ tf/f] agfO ePsf] cGwfw'Gb nf7Lrfh{ / s'6lk6sf] 36gf t'¿Gt /f]Sgsf] nflu pQm ;+:yfsf cWoIf k|d]fb sfkm\n]åf/f cfh hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf cg'/f]w ul/Ps]f 5 . lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5- …;'/IffsdL{x¿af6 af/Daf/ an k|of]u u/L y'g5]s, lu/km\tf/L, oftgf / xTof ;d]t ePsf] s'/f /fli6"o tyf cGt/f{li6"o lgsfoaf6 ;d]t k'i6L eO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df xfdL clxn]sf] k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿åf/f ul/Psf] zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gdf ePsf] an k|of]unfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lnPsf 5f}+ . o;y{ pk/f]Qm zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gdf 3fOt] ePsfx¿sf] pkrf/ ug{ / o:tf 36gf gbf]xf]¥ofpg >L % sf] ;/sf/;Fu hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ .Ú

k]zfut ;+3 ;+u7gx? k|ltudglj?4

Od]naf6
clk|n %, @))$

g]kfn 6|]8 o'lgog dxf;+3, g]kfn 6|]8 o'lgog sf+u|]; tyf k]zfut dxf;+3sf dxf;lrjx? qmdzM lji0f' l/dfn, cRo't/fh kf08] tyf k]zfut dxf;+3sf ;lrj k|]dn vgfnn] clk|n % tfl/vsf lbg Ps ;+o'Qm jStJo k|sflzt ub}{ jt{dfg cfGbf]ngk|lt k"0f{ ;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ .
r}q @) b]lv @@ ;Dd nuftf/ ul/Psf] aa{/ bdgk|lt pQm jStJodfdfkm{t\ /f]if k|s6 ul/Psf] 5 . sfg'gL /fh / ;+ljwfgsf ;f/f ;Ldfx?nfO{ nTofP/ ul/Psf] o; cdfg'lifs bdgsf lj?4 ;Dk"0f{ >dhLjL hgtfx? / ltgsf 6]"8 o"lgogx?nfO{ b]zJofkL ?kdf cf-cfk\mgf] 7fpFaf6 cfGbf]lnt x'g ;d]t ;a};Fu cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 .
jQmJodfkm{t cfkm\gf dxf;+3x?df cfa4 ;Dk"0f{ /fli6"o ;+3x? / ltgsf dftxtsf sld6L÷OsfOx?nfO{ k|ltudg lj?4 k|hftGq / zflGt axfnLsf] cfGbf]ngdf b[9tfk"j{s ;+nUg x'g klg cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 . k|hftGqdf dfq} >dhLjL ju{sf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'G5 . k|ltudg lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng ;kmn ePdf dfq} :yfoL zflGt / ;a}vfn] ;fdflhs-/fhgLlts-cfly{s ultljlwsf] c;n jftfj/0f ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 eGb} o;}n] ;a} pBdL Joj;foLx?n] klg cf-cfk\mgf] If]qaf6 o; cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg aStJodfkm{t\ cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .
aStJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, @)%( c;f]h !* sf] zfxL sbdåf/f b]znfO{ k|ltudgtkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb} lg/+s'ztfsf] cFWof/f] ;'?ªlt/ ws]Ng] sfd lg/Gt/ eO/x]sf] 5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt xs clwsf/ / ;+ljwfgdflysf] cfqmd0f emg\ emg\ a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o;sf] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf >ldsx?sf] 6]"8 o"lgog clwsf/dfly c+s'z nufpg nflbPsf] slyt cfjZos ;]jf ;~rfng P]g-@)!$ nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . k|hftGq / cu|udgsf nflu kfFr k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?sf] zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngdf jt{dfg zfxL ;/sf/n] bdg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
r}q !( ut]b]lv tLj|tf lbOPsf] zflGtk"0f{ hg cj1f sfo{qmd dfly zfxL ;/sf/n] aa{/ bdg u/]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] ;xL k|ltlglwTj ug]{ kf6L{x?sf al/i7 g]tfx? tyf sfo{stf{dfly lgd{d nf7L k|xf/, :jf:Yo 3fts /;fogo'Qm c>'Uof;, Knfl:6ssf uf]nL k|xf/ u/L ;os8f}+ cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ 3fOt] agfPsf] 5 . ;8sdf lx+l8/x]sf hgtf ;d]t o; lgd{d bdgsf] lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ . cem r}t @@ ut]sf] zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gdfly of] k|ltufdL ;/sf/n] lgd{d bdg dfq u/]g, jL/c:ktfn h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn :yfgdf jbL{wf/L k|x/Låf/f 9'+ufd'9f ug]{ / c>'Uof; tyf Knfl:6ssf uf]nL k|xf/ ug]{ h:tf ck/fwk"0f{ sfo{ ;d]t u/]sf] cf/f]k aStJodf nufOPsf] 5 .

;dfrf/ ;|f]tM g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefuċf/f k|sflzt hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/ a'n]l6g tyf O{d]naf6

rf}w jif{kl5 d08n] b]lvP

Od]naf6
sf7df8f}+, )$ clk|n @))$

sf7df8f}+ k|ltudg lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng bjfpg ;'/IffsdL{sf] k|of]un] gk'u]/ ;/sf/n] d08n]x?nfO{ kl/rfng u/]s]f s'/f g]skf Pdfn]4f/f k|sflzt hg cfGbf]ng a'n]l6gsf] ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
zlgaf/sf] clk|n # tfl/vsf] cfGbf]ngdf uf}zfnf, zxLbu]6, jL/ c:ktfn / d+unahf/ If]qdf k|x/Lsf] cf8df ;-;fgf d08n] ;d"x cfGbf]ngsf/L dfly xftkft ug{ v's'/L, r]g / nf7L ;lxt plqPsf lyP . s'Voft ck/flws lu/f]xsf ;+rfns lbks dgfË]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/n] d08n]x?nfO{ t}gfy u/]s]f b]lvPsf] 5 h;df v]ns"b kl/ifb\sf v]nf8Lx?nfO{ ;d]t kl/rfng ul/Psf] cf/f]k pQm ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
kmnfd] /8sf] em6f/f] xfGb} pQm ;d"xn] cfGbf]ngsf/L kf6L{sf g]tfx?nfO{ ufnL unf}h ub}{ cfk"mnfO{ /fhfsf dfG5] eg]/ lrgfpg] u/]sf] 5 . To; ;d'xn] jL/ c:ktfndf k|j]z u/L ToxfF sfo{/t s]lx sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t xftkft u/]sf] 5 . t/ 7fpF-7fpFdf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] tL k|ltufdL d08n]x?nfO{ nv]6]sf lyP . k~rfotL zf;gsfnsf] pQ/f4{df k~rfotL zf;sx?n] lelhnfGt] tTjsf ?kdf d08n]x?sf] k|of]u ug]{ ub{y] . h;sf] kl/rfng sdn yfkfsf] g]t[Tjdf x'GYof] . rf}w jif{kl5 b]vfk/]sf d08n]x?nfO{ k'gM u[xdGqL sdn yfkfn] ;+/If0f / cf8 lbP/ ;8sdf ptf/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
sDtLdf @)-@% xhf/ ?k}ofF lnP/ cfGbf]ngsf/L dfly xftkft ug{ plqPsf] ;+ul7t ck/flws lu/f]xn] rfjlxndf g]skf -Pdfn]_ l;Gw'nLsf ;lrj s]zj b]jsf]6f / /fhg /fodfemLnfO{ 3fOt] agfPsf] 5 . uf}zfnfdf klg zlgaf/ ljxfg} b'O{hgf dfly v's'/L k|xf/ ug]{ klg oxL lu/f]x /x]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .

wDsL ;lxtsf] kq k|fKt

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g dfr{ #!, @))$

xfd|f] k|sfzgsf j]j ;;Dkfbs u0f]z ltdN;]gfnfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] r]tfjgL kq k7fPsf 5g\ .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ kfFry/ tfKn]h'ª ;dGjo ;ldltsf] n]6/Kof8 k|of]u u/L r§fg gfds JolQmsf] x:tfIf/ /x]sf] pQm r]tfjgL kqdf elgPsf] 5, æljut s]xL jif{b]lv tkfO{n] ljb]zdf a;]/ xfd|f] hgqmflGtk|lt gsf/fTds ;f]r /fv]sf]df xfd|f] Wofg cfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . tkfO{+n] ug'{ePsf] kqfrf/ kZrft xfd|f] kf6L{n] tkfO{+ tyf tkfO{+sf] kl/jf/nfO{ u/]sf] sf/jfxL klg :d/0f u/fpFb5f}+ .Æ
eGb} pQm kqdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æk"j{ r]tfjgLkZrft klg tkfO{+4f/f xfd|f] qmflGtk|lt gsf/fTds efjgf /fVb} xfd|f] kf6L{ lj?4 n]Vg], xfd|f sfo{stf{x?nfO{ e8\sfpg] h:tf sfo{x?sf] k|df0f xfdLnfO{ km]nf kg{ cfPsf] 5 .Æ
x'nfsaf6 tL; ?k}ofF vr{ u/L g]kfnL kf]i6sf] sfof{nodf k|fKt pQm kqsf] cGtdf cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] lbb} cfPsf] r]tfjgLnfO{ ltdN;]gf kl/jf/4f/f cjx]ngf x'Fb} cfPsf]n] pQm kl/jf/nfO{ g} hg;q'sf ?kdf 3f]if0ff u/]sf] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L pgLx?n] kqdf cfkm"n] eg]sf] gdfg]df ltdN;]gfnfO{ ;kmfo ug]{ ;d]t wDsL lbPsf 5g\ .
@)^) ;fn r}t ! ut]sf] ldltdf n]v]sf] pQm kq g]kfnL kf]i6sf] sfof{nodf r}t !& ut] cyf{t\ dfr{ #) df k|fKt ePsf] xf] .

hLjg /Iffsf nflu ckLn

Od]naf6
dfr{ @&, @))$

g]jfM /fli6"o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn lhNnf ;ldlt sf7df8f}+n] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ j]kQf kfl/Psf]df lrGtf JoQm u/]sf] 5 .
lrZrn gsdL{, ;'lrGb| >]i7, ch'{g dxh{g, eLd dxh{g, /fh]z dxh{g, ls/0f dxh{g, ;'lhGb| dxh{g, b]jaxfb'/ dxh{g, ;"o{axfb'/ dxh{g / h'h'axfb'/ dxh{g ut jif{sf] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr ePsf] jftf{ e+ukl5 j]kQf kfl/Psf cfkm\gf sfo{stf{x?sf] hLjg /Iffsf nflu cfjfh p7fOlbg'x'g kqsf/, /fli6|o tyf cGt/f{li6|o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yf nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ gful/s ;dfhnfO{ cg'/f]w ub}{ pQm df]rf{sf ;+of]hs z}n]Gb| df:s]n] cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] 5 .
lj1lKtdf dfgjclwsf/ xgg x'g] u/L ;/sf/n] h]g]ef ;GwLsf] ;d]t pN3+g u/]sf] cf/f]k nufOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L clvn g]kfn 6]"8 o'lgog dxf;+3 lhNnf ;ldlt sf7df8f}}+sf ;+of]hs /]zd tfdfªn] klg Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ cfkm\gf dhb'/ g]tf tyf sfo{stfx? qmdzM lx/f jxfb'/ /f]sf, a'4L nfdf, pd]z ;]8fO{, lj;fn nfdf, t]hdfg lj=s=, 6+sk|;fb lqkf7L, hfnfGw/ afF:tf]nf, /fd jxfb'/ tdfË, lnnf cfrfo{, zflGt/fd e§/fO{nfO{ ut ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL jftf{ e+u eP otf ljleGg ldltdf kqmfp u/]/sf] hfgsf/L lj1lKtdf dfkm{t\ lbOPsf] 5 . lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æ;/sf/L HofbtL / cGofosf] v'n]/ d'sfljnf ug]{ xfd|f] ;+u7gsf g]tf sfo{stf{ nufot sn-sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ dhb'/x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ljb|f]x ug]{ clwsf/af6 alGrt ug]{ k|of; jfjh't lu/kmtf/ ug]{ dfq ge}O ;}Go lx/f;t leq r/d cdfgljo oftgf lbb} j]kQf kfl//x]sf] 5 . cfkmGtnfO{ ;d]t s'g} hfgsf/L glbO{ dfG5]sf] jfRg kfFpg] clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t ug'{ slt;Dd u}/ lhDd]jf/ k"0f{ xs{t xf] eGg] :ki7 x'G5 . To;}n] xfd|f] ;+u7g b]z / hgtfsf] jf:tljs d'lQmsf nflu n8\g] ;Dk"0f{ lu/kmtf/ dhb'/ ;fyLx?sf] ;fj{hlgs u/L plgx?sf] hLjg/Iffsf] lglDt kxn ul/lbg'x'g ;Dk"0f{ /fli6"o,cGt/fli6"o dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+u7g, kqsf/, ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{x?, gful/s ;dfh ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ tx / tKsfsf JolQmx?nfO{ xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f} .Æ
o;}u/L ptf clvn g]kfn /fl6"o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog -sflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;ldlt, sf7df8f}+sf tkm{af6 ;+of]hs 6Lsf af:tf]nfn] Ps 5'§} lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ cfkm\gf ljBfyL{ g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x? qmdzM s[i0f s]= ;L=, k"0f{ kf}8]n, lxdfn zdf{, ljlkg e08f/L, lbn axfb'/ /fO{, 1fg]Gb| lqkf7L, Gljg /fO{, lbk]Gb| kGt, l;=Pg= 9'Ëfgf, eLd lu/L, K'fik j:g]t, ljgf du/, lx/f a= ;f? nufot #@ hgfsf] hLjg /Iffsf] nflu dfjgclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+u7g, kqsf/, ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{x?, gful/s ;dfh;Fu cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .

DofUbLsf ;L8Lcf] / 8LP;kL dfcf]jfbLsf] sAhfdf

Od]naf6
dfr{ @!, @))$

dfcf]jfbLx?n] em08} !# 306f DofUbL lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnPsf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] cfqmd0faf6 s] slt Iflt eof] eGg]af/] eg] ;/sf/L kIf tyf dfcf]jfbL b'j} kIfaf6 k"0f{ hfgsf/L gcfO;s]sf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08sf gfdaf6 k|sflzt Ps lj1lKtsf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] :yfgLo k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L / 8LP;kL tyf cGo s]xL ;]gf / k|x/Lx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnPsf] s'/f lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
pQm cj;/df dfcf]jfbLx?n] 6'O~r df]6f{/, /s]6 /Gr/, PnPdhL, Pd !^, OG;f;, P;Pncf/, y|Lg6 y|L nufotsf ;of}+ cfw'lgs xltof/x? ;d]t sAhf ug{ kf6L{ ;kmn ePsf] / :yfgLo ;]gfsf] Jof/]s IftljIft cj:yfdf k'¥ofOPsf] hfgsf/L lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 klg eL;L / of]4f gfdsf lju|]8sf] lgwg ePsf] s'/f lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] eP klg cGo s] slt dfcf]jfbLsf] d[To'ePsf] eGg]af/] lj1lKtdf s]xL pNN]v ul/Psf] 5}g .
b]zdf cfd"n kl/jt{g;lxt cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; k|fKt gubf{;Dd ljs]lGb|t / s]lGb|t oL kmf}hL sf/jfxLsf] >+vnf lg/Gt/ cl3 a9\g] s'/f klg dfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no4f/f k|sflzt Od]n4f/f k|fKt lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

/fhb"t /f0ffk|lt clGtd >4fGhnL

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, dfr{ @), @))$

ut d+unaf/ lgwg x'g'ePsf cd]l/sfsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffk|lt cd]l/sfaf;L g]kfnLx?, cd]l/sL ;/sf/ / ljleGg s"6gLlts lgof]uaf6 cfPsf ljleGg JolQmx?4f/ z'qmaf/ clGtd >4fGhnL k|s6 ul/Psf] 5 .
zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf; 8L;Lsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg pQm >4fGhnL sfo{qmddf /fhb"t /f0ffnfO{ clGtd >4fGhnL lbgsf nflu pxfFsf] kfly{j zl//nfO{ cfln{ª6g l:yt zju[xdf ;a}sf] bz{gsf nflu /flvPsf] lyof] .
:yfgLo :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL u/]/ b'O{ ;oeGbf a9Lsf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg pQm >4fGhnL ;efnfO{ 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf pklgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnn] :juL{o /f0ffn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] cfwf efu /fi6|nfO{ s"6g}lts If]qdfkm{t\ k'¥ofpg'ePsf] of]ubfgsf af/]df rrf{ ub}{ pxfFsf] lgwgaf6 b"tfaf; ddf{lxt ePsf] atfpFb} pxfFsf] cfTdfzflGtsf nflu sfdgf ug'{eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df pklgof]u k|d'v g]kfnn] k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf tyf k//fi6| dGqL 8f= e]ifaxfb'/ yfkfn] k7fpg'ePsf] ;dj]bgf ;Gb]z k9]/ ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
cd]l/sfaf;L g]kfnL ;dfhsf tkm{af6 :juL{o /fhb"t /f0ffk|lt xflb{s >4fGhnL s[i0f lg/f}nf / /fh]Gb| cf]nLn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] Sofgf8fsf cj}tflgs dxfjfl0fHob"t s'Gh/ zdf{, l;sfuf]sf cj}tflgs dxfjfl0fHob"t dfld{g a'l:6gn] klg pxfFk|lt xflb{s >4fGhnL lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L :6]6 l8kf{d]G6sf ;fpy Pl;of ljefusf lgb]{zs 8]le8 u'8n] pxfFsf] lgwgaf6 cfkm"x? Hofb} b'MvL ePsf] / xfdLn] Pp6f c;n ldq u'dfPsf] s'/f atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
:juL{o /f0ffsf] kl/jf/sf tkm{af6 dfgfy{ zfxL kfZj{jtL{ /yL zfGts'df/ dNnn] :juL{o /fhb"t /f0ffk|lt ul/Psf] of] If0fn] g} pxfFsf] hLjg rl/tfy{ kf5{ eGb} pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
/fhb"t /f0ffnfO{ clGtd >4fGhnL lbgsf nflu Go"of]s{l:yt g]kfnL lgof]uaf6 /fhb"t d'/f/L/fh zdf{ klg cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L ptf ljxLaf/b]lv g} /fhb"t lgjf;df cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx? tyf ljleGg s"6gLlts lgof]usf /fhb"tx? cfP/ /fhb"t /f0ffsf] lgwgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub}{ zf]s k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP .
:6]6 l8kf{6d]G6sf lzi6frf/ dxfkfnn] cd]l/sL /fi6|klt / ;]qm]6/L ckm :6]6sf tkm{af6 ;xfos ;]qm]6/L 8f]gfN8 SofDkn] /fhb"t /f0ffsf] d[To'k|lt ulx/f] zf]s JoQm ub}{ k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 eg] ef/t, >Ln+sf, hfkfg, c:6|]lnof nufotsf ldq /fi6|x?n] /fhb"t /f0ffk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ .
o;}u/L :yfgLo ljleGg g]kfnL ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] klg 5'§f 5'§} lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ /fhb"t /f0ffsf] lgwgk|lt ulx/f] zf]s JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
/fhb"t /f0ffsf] kfly{j zl//nfO{ zlgaf/ ck/fGX cd]l/sfaf6 n08g, bf]xf x'Fb} stf/ Po/j]haf6 ;f]daf/ ck/fGX sf7df8f}+df k'¥ofOg] / ;f]xL ;fFem pxfFsf] clGtd bfx ;+:sf/ ul/g] s'/f kfl/jfl/s ;"qaf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .