;dfrf/ ;+If]k   clen]vfno

kf]v/fdf zflGt ¥ofnL

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
kf]v/f d] $, @))$

dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh sf:sLn] kf]v/fdf æzflGt xfd|f] clwsf/Æ eGg] d"n gf/f n]v]sf] Aofg/ ;lxt d+unaf/ laxfg zflGt ¥ofnL ;Dkg u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg ;3 ;+:yf / gful/s ;dfhsf zflGtsfdL hg;d'bfox?n]] efu lnPsf] pQm ¥ofnLnfO{ dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh sf:sLsf ;efklt o'j/fh kxf/L / ;lrj efg' sF8]nn] d'n'ssf] cfsfzdf lx+;f / czflGtsf] sfnf] afbn d8fl//x]sf] / b]zdf ;Dk"0f{ zflGtk]|dL gful/sx?nfO{ zflGt tyf k|hftGqsf] k'g{axflnsf nflu P]Soj4tf hgfpg cfux ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

g]tfx?sf] lu/km\tf/L lj?4 d'n's} cfqmf]lzt

clk|n $, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . /fHon] cfGbf]ngsf/L kf6L{dWo] g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, :yfoL sld6L ;b:o jfdb]j uf}td tyf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / dxfdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnfnfO{ u}/sfg'gL ?kdf lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lj/f]wdf lbge/L sf7df8f}+ tgfju|:t /x\of] . pxfFx?nfO{ ;z:q k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no xNrf]sdf /fvL a]n'sf ^ ah] l/xf ul/Psf] 5 . l/xfOkZrft Pdfn] :yfoL sld6L ;b:o uf}tdn] atfpg'eof] - …g]kfnsf] s'g} klg sfg'gn] cg'dlt glbP klg xfdLnfO{ lg/+s'z z}nLdf HofbtLk"j{s kqmfp u/L lbge/L k|x/L lx/f;tdf /fVg] sfd eof] . To;sf] g s'g} cf}lrTo b]vfOof] g t clen]v g} /flvof] / clGtddf l/xf ul/of] .Ú k|ltufdL ;/sf/n] cfh} gf/fo0flx6L / l;+xb/af/sf] k/Dk/fut If]qdf afx]s c? 7fpFsf] lgif]wf1f / b+ufu|:t If]q /ftL !@ ah]af6 nfu" x'g] u/L x6fPsf] atfPsf] 5 .
lbpF;f] # ah] /Tgkfs{df ug]{ egL k"j{ 3f]lift sfo{qmd ljyf]Ng] lgotn] g]tfx?nfO{ 3/3/ / af6f]af6f]df k|x/Ln] 3]/f xfnL ljgfk"hL{ lu/km\tf/ u/L ;z:q k|x/L sfof{no xnrf]sdf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . o;sf] lj/f]wdf sf7df8f}+ / b]ze/L rsf]{ k|ltlqmof b]vfk/]kl5 ;/sf/n] ljgfsf/0f kqmfp u/]sf g]tfx?nfO{ ljgf sf/0f l/xf ug{ afWo eof] .
o;cl3 lu/km\tf/Lsf] lj/f]wdf /Tgkfs{, afuahf/, k'tnL;8s nufotsf If]qdf k|x/L;Fu cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] rsf]{ le8Gt eof] . k|x/Ln] pNn]lvt If]qaf6 @))) eGbf a9L cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . cfGbf]ngs/Lx? dWo] k|]d l;njfnsf] v'§f efFlrPsf] 5, rGb|axfb'/ zfxL, cfgGb kf]v/]n / arg b]phfsf] 6fpsf] km'6]sf] 5 eg] cf]dsfGt a/fn, w|'j uf}td, ;l/tf s];L / lbks e08f/L ;lxt !)) eGbf a9L cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . Pdfn]sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ *$ jifL{o uf}/LeQm k|wfgnfO{ e'Odf n5f/ k5f/ u/L k|x/Ln] lgd{dtfk"j{s s'6lk6 u/]/ 3fOt] agfPsf] 5 eg] ;ft jif{sf afnsnfO{ klg k|x/Ln] s'6lk6 u/]/ uDeL/ 3fOt] t'NofPsf] 5 .
lbpF;f] #=#) ah] afuahf/df Pdfn]sf g]tfx? e/tdf]xg clwsf/L, cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, o'j/fh 1jfnL, s]zj a8fn, /fh]Gb| >]i7, /3'hL kGt, uf]ljGb sf]O/fnf, k|sfz Hjfnf, sdn sf]O/fnf cflbn] h'n';sf] g]t[Tj ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm h'n'z cd[ts'df/ af]x/fsf] g]t[Tjdf k|x/Lsf] ;'/Iff 3]/f tf]8\b} /Tgkfs{df k'uL gf/fjfhL ub}{ k|x/L;Fu rsf]{ le8Gtdf plqPsf] lyof] . ToxFaf6 k|x/Ln] cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, o'j/fh 1jfnL, s]zj a8fn, /3'hL kGt, k|bLk 1jfnL, /fh]Gb| >]i7, k|sfz Hjfnf, sdn sf]O/fnf, uf]ljGb sf]O/fnf, eQm u'?Ë, ddtf lu/L nufot * 6"s cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u¥of] . tTkZrft k|x/Lsf] 3]/f tf]8\b} cGo cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? u0ftGqdfu{ eP/ kb\df]bo xfO:s"n k'Ubf lgs}a]/ le8Gt ePsf] lyof] .
cfh lu/km\tf/ x'g]x?df /fd]Zj/ km'ofFn, z]/axfb'/ tfdfª, chDa/ sfªjfª, /+ugfy hf]zL, k|]d b+ufn, s}nfz 9'+u]n, nf]saxfb'/ 8fFuL, w|'a l/dfn, pld{nf sdf{rfo{, eujtL v8sf, gs0f{d'lg k'8f;}gL, 9ns'df/L ;'gf/, ltns /fjn, ef]hf/fh hf]zL, ;'ifdf zdf{, an/fd afF:sf]6f, sljtf kf}8]n, dlemnfn yf? yg]t, ef]hljqmd a'9f, ljdnf vgfn, nIdL 8+uf]n, lx/fsfhL dxh{g, 6]saxfb'/ lji6, cfgGb rf}w/L, g/]Gb| >]i7, k'?iff]Qd Gof}kfg], rd]gf e§/fO{, lks] /fO{, lzj/fh kf}8]n, ans[i0f lu/L, xl/k|sfz rGb, k[YjL nfjtL, xf]dgfy ;fksf]6f, /fdrGb| e§/fO{ / /fhf/fd k'8f;}gL nufotsf /xg'ePsf] 5 .
g]tfx?sf] lu/km\tf/Lsf] lj?4df Pdfn] eQmk'/sf ;lrj /fh]Gb| /fhynfsf] g]t[Tjdf eQmk'/sf] ;"o{ljgfosdf $=)) ah] rSsfhfd ul/of] .
/Tgkfs{df x'g] ;efdf efu lng sf7df8f}+sf ljleGg 7fpFaf6 h'n'; lgl:sPsf lyP . Pdfn] :yfoL sld6L ;b:o OZj/ kf]v/]nsf] g]t[Tjdf Ps h'n'z w'Da/fxLaf6 l8NnLahf/ x'Fb} k'tnL;8s;Dd cfOk'u]sf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ci6nIdL zfSosf] g]t[Tjdf csf]{ h'n'; sfnLdf6Laf6 tfxfrn, eLd;]g:yfg x'Fb} Go'/f]8;Dd k'u]sf] lyof] . csf{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fh]Gb| >]i7sf] g]t[Tjdf If]qkf6Laf6 lg:s]sf] h'n'; c;g, OGb|rf]s, Go'/f]8 x'Fb} afuahf/ cfpbf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/]sf] lyof] . j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kz'klt rf}nfufO{sf] g]t[Tjdf gofF afg]Zj/af6 lg:s]sf] h'n'z klg k'tnL;8s;Dd k'u]s]f lyof] .
/Tgkfs{af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L bz/y /+uzfnf k'¥ofOPsf sl/a #)) cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] lx/f;tleq} ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngn] Ps jif{ k"/f u/]sf] pknIodf Ps sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/] . pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ Pdfn]sf k|sfz Hjfnf, sfFu|];sf /fdrGb| kf}8]n, ;befjgfsf /fh]Gb| dxtf], g]dlskfsf l8NnLk|;fb sfkm\n] / hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf clds z]/rg ;lxt *& jifL{of 5fofb]jL k/fh'nLn] klg ;Daf]wg ug'{eof] . pxfFx?nfO{ l/xfO u/]kZrft /+uzfnfb]lv ef]6flx6L;Dd h'n'; klg k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] .
g]tfx?sf] lu/km\tf/Lsf] lj/fwdf dLgejg SofDk;sf ljBfyL{x?n] lgsfn]sf] lj/f]w h'n'zdf ;]gfn] x:tIf]k u/L cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ dfq xf]Og, 8\o'6Ldf /x]sf] 6"flkms k|x/LnfO{ ;d]t nv]6]sf] 5 . pQm x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w ub}{ ljBfyL{x?n] ;+:yfgsf] af=! em= (#& gDa/sf] uf8L / cGo @ j6f kh]/f] ;lxt tLgj6f uf8L tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf 5g\ .
/Tg/fHo / g]kfn n Sofdk;sf ljBfyL{x?n] lj/f]w sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//xFbf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/]sf] 5 . ToxfF k|x/Ln] SofDk;leq} k|j]z u/]/ ljBfyL{x?dfly s'6lk6 ug{ vf]Hbf rsf]{ le8Gt x'gk'u]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+df lbge/L lj/f]w h'n'z / le8Gt rln/x]sf] lyof] .
ljleGg k]zfut ;+u7gx?n] Go'/f]8af6 lgsfn]sf] ljzfn P]Soa4tf ¥ofnL OGb|rf]s, If]qkf6L, 7lx6L / c;gsf] kl/qmdf u/L ef]6flx6Ldf k'u]/ ;dfkg eof] . sl/a %))) k]zfsdL{x? ;xefuL /x]sf] pQm ¥ofnLsf] ;dfkgsf cj;/df 8f= ;'Gb/dl0f bLlIftn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm ¥ofnLsf] g]t[Tj 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/, xif{gf/fo0f wf}e8]n cflbn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng ;ldltsf ;lrj /fh]Gb|k|;fb kf08]n] eGg'ePsf] 5 -…k|ltufdL ;/sf/sf] gf+uf] ?k cem k|s6 x'Fb}5 .Ú pxfFåf/f cfh hf/L k|]; jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 -…lgif]wf1f tf]lsPsf] If]qaflx/ g]tfx?sf] lgjf;af6} u}/sfg'gL 9+un] ljgf k'hL{ lu/km\tf/ ug]{ ;/sf/sf] o; sfo{sf] xfd|f] kf6L{ 3f]/ lgGbf ub{5 / lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf g]tfx?sf] tTsfn l/xfOsf] dfu ub5 .Ú
dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn nufotsf g]tfx?sf] lu/km\tf/Lsf] va/ ;'g]kl5 l;+uf] d'n's cfqmf]lzt ePsf] 5 / k|ltlqmof:j?k g]tfx?sf] l/xfOsf] dfu ;lxt lhNnf lhNnfdf tTsfn lj/f]w k|bz{g ePsf 5g\ .
;'g;/L, wgs'6f, ;+v'jf;ef, t]x|y'd / ef]hk'/sf ;b/d'sfddf klg lj/f]w k|bz{g ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnu~hdf kfFrxhf/ ;xefuL /x]sf] h'n'z lg:s]sf] 5 / l;l8cf]sf] sfof{nodf wgf{ ;d]t lbPsf] 5 . jfUn'ªdf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] Ps306f rSsfhfd ;lxt 6fo/ afn]/ k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . /, ;ef ;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ . Pdfn], g]sfF / hgdf]rf{sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ePsf] h'n'zkZrftsf] ;efnfO{ Pdfn] lhNnf sld6L ;lrj >Lk|;fb zdf{, g]sf+ lhNnf ;efklt xl/k|;fb >]i7 / hgdf]rf{sf afa'/fd g]kfnLn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

wgs'6fsf] ledgf/fo0f rf]sdf k|ltudgsf] k'tnf hnfOPsf] 5 . s+rgk'/sf] ;b/d'sfd dx]Gb|gu/df ljBfyL{x?n] /fhwfgLdf ePsf] g]tfx?sf] lu/km\tf/L lj?4 rSsf hfd u/] . To;kZrft k|ltudgsf] k'tnf hnfPsf lyP .
x]6f}8fdf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] l6g, l;§L ahfP/ gu/ kl/qmdf u/] . pqm h'n'z x]6f}+8f ahf/af6 ;Ldfrf]sdf cfP/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . sf]0f;efdf Pdfn]sf s[i0f bxfnn] k|ltufdL ;/sf/n] g]tfx?nfO{ 3/ 3/af6 lu/km\tf/ ug'{sf] kl/0ffd 7Ls gx'g] atfpg' eof] .

lj/f6gu/df cfGbf]gnsf/Lx?n] Ps 306f ahf/ aGb u/]sf 5g\ . gjnk/f;Lsf] gjnk'/ 808fahf/df lbpF;f] cfwf 306f rSsfhfd ePsf] 5 . To;kl5sf] sf]0f;efnfO{ Pdfn]sf wg~ho zdf{, g]sfFsf ch'{g l/hfn / hgdf]rf{sf k'/g lu/Ln] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . gjnk/f;Ls} jb{3f6df klg lbpF;f] Ps 306f rSsf hfd ul/Psf] 5 . To;kl5sf] sf]0f;efnfO{ Pdfn]sf /fdrGb| clwsf/L / g]sfFsf /fdafa' zdf{n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
e}/xjfdf a'4rf]saf6 lj/f]w h'n'z ;'? eP/ ldngrf]sdf k'uL ;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . ;efsf] ;efkltTj Pdfn]sf 8f= ljhos'df/ kf}8]nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] Pdfn]s} g]q kGyL, g]sfFsf ljho zdf{ / k/z'/fd lu/L, hgdf]rf{sf ab/] cfn / k'?iff]Qd s+8]n, ;b\efjgfsf >Lkb l;+ / cfgGb u'Ktfn] ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

kfNkfdf lg:s]sf] lj/f]wh'n'z gu/ kl/qmdf kZrft zxLbkfs{df k'u]/ sf]0f;ef ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .
g]tfx?sf] lu/km\tf/Lsf] lj/f]wdf :ofËhfahf/ aGb /x\of] eg] uf]/vfdf rSsfhfd ul/of] / nDh'Ëdf lj/f]w sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .
kj{tsf] s'Zdf ahf/df h'n';n] ahf/ kl/qmdf u/]sf] lyof] . lzjfno rf]sdf k'u]/ cfwf 306f rSsf hfd ;lxt h'n'; sf]0f;'efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . sf]0f;efnfO{ Pdfn] lhNnf sld6L pk;lrj ljsf; nD;fn, g]sfF lhNnf pk;efklt nfnsfhL u'?Ë / hgdf]rf{sf lhNnf pkfWoIf t]h]Gb| kf}8]nn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePs]f lyof] .

k|ltudg lj?4 tyf g]tfx?sf] lu/km\tf/Lk|lt cfqmf]z JoQm ub}{ cfh /fhlj/fhdf klg h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf] 5 . cfh} lbpF;f] #=#) ah] cfGbf]ng/t ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] Jofks ;xeflutfdf cf-cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] em08f / Aofg/ ;lxtsf] ljzfn lj/f]w ¥ofnL wgu9Lsf] rf}/fxfaf6 ;'? e} wgu9L d]g ahf/ kl/qmdf ub}{ 7fpF 7fpFdf sf]0f;efsf] cfof]hgf ;lxt ;]tL c~rn c:ktfn cufl8 clGtd sf]0f;ef u/L lj;h{g eof] . sf]0f;efdf cfh ljxfg cfkm\g} lgjf;:yfgaf6 lu/km\tf/ ul/g'ePsf dxf;lrj g]kfn tyf cGo kf6L{sf g]tfx?dfly ul/Psf] ;/sf/L bdgsf lj?\4 g]sf+sf tkm{af6 k|]d rGb, g]dlskfsf vu]Gb| zfxL, hgdf]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gGb/fh e§ / Pdfn]sf s]Gb|Lo j}slNks ;b:o efg'eQm hf]zLn] ;/sf/n] ckgfPsf] ck|hftflGqs sbdsf] s8f zAbdf eT;{gf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

k|]; :jtGqtfsf] ;+3if{df P]Soa4tf
sf7df8f}+ . k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;sf] cj;/df g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] cfh Ps jQmJo hf/L ug'{ eO k|]; :jtGqtfsf] nflu jt{dfg ;/sf/ ;a}eGbf jfws ag]/ ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf] nflu lx+8]sf kqsf/x?sf] 6fpsf] kmf]/]sf], pgLx?nfO{ kqm]/ cgfxsdf y'gfdf /fv]sf], cfkm\gf] ljkIfdf ;dfrf/ gn]Vg kqsf/x?nfO{ wDSofpg] u/]sf] / ;lDawfg k|bQ clwsf/dfly cg]sf}+ k|sf/sf] x:tIf]k u/]sf] pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 .
jt{dfg ;/sf/n] k|];dfly u/]sf] x:tIf]k / bdgsf] lj?4df g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] g]t[Tjdf oltj]nf b]ze/sf kqsf/x? ;+3if{df pq]sf] atfp+b} Gofo, hgclwsf/ / k|]; :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf kqsf/x?n] ;'? u/]sf] cfGbf]ng cToGt hfoh 5, To;}n] of] ;+3if{nfO{ hgtfn] ;dy{g u/]sf 5g\ eGg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] k|]; :jtGqtfsf] nflu u/]sf] ;+3if{df cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] klg xflb{s P]Soa4tf k|s6 ug'{ePsf] 5 .
ljZj k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;sf] cj;/df g]kfnsf] k|]; hutn] cfkm\gf] e"ldsf / bfloTjnfO{ cem lj:tf/ ub}{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;xL 9+un] ;';"lrt ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy jxg ug{ ;kmn xf];\ / h:tf];'s} bjfjnfO{ klg ;fdgf ub}{ cfkm\gf] :jtGqtfnfO{ sfod /fVg] cleofgdf ;kmntf kfcf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' - dxf;lrj g]kfnn] pQm k|]; jQmJodf eGg'ePsf] 5 .

u0ftGqsf] Jofg/;lxt lu/km\tf/
sf:sL . u0ftGqsf] kIfdf 8]9 nfv x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] Aofg/ af]s]/ kf]v/fl:yt k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;af6 lg:s]sf] h'n'; gbLk'/df k'Ubf k|x/Ln] Jofks x:tIf]k u/]s]f 5 . o;qmddf Jofg/;lxt ljBfyL{ g]tf /flhj kxf/L, ;f]leot 9sfn, /ZdL cfrfo{, lszf]/ljqmd dNn / xf]d g]kfnL ;lxt @)) hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . Pdfn] lhNnf sld6L, sf:sLsf ;lrj ;f]dgfy Kof;L klg lu/km\tf/ x'g'ePsf] 5 .

b]pjfåf/f lu/km\tf/Lsf] lj/f]w
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL sfFu|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] g]tfx?sf] cfh ePsf] lu/km\tf/Lsf] 3f]/ eT;{gf / lgGbf ug'{ePsf] 5 .
pxfFåf/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 -…zflGtk"0f{?kdf e]nf x'g] / lj/f]w ug{ kfpg] hgtfsf] ;+j}wflgs clwsf/dfly x:tIf]k u/]/ c;+j}wflgs / ck|hftflgqs ;/sf/n] g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, jfdb]j uf}td nufotsf g]tfx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df o;sf] 3f]/ eT;{gf / lgGbf ub{5' / pxfFx?sf] zL3| l/xfOsf] dfu ub{5' .Ú
o;}u/L g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gsf cWoIf ;'lbk kf7sn] cfh Ps ckLn hf/L ug'{ eO ljZj k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3åf/f cfof]lht sfo{qmddf efu lng hfg]qmddf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdgqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn Pj+ jfdb]j uf}td ;d]tsf g]tf nufot 7"nf] ;+Vofdf g]tf Pj+ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L ljleGg :yfgdf y'gfdf /fv]sf] 36gfk|lt g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gsf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
/fhgLlts bnx?n] ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{df cfGbf]ng/sf/L g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ljgf sf/0f ljgf k"hL{ anhkm\tL u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] kqmfp ug]{ pQm sfo{ cToGt lgGbgLo Pj+ v]bk"0f{ ePsf] / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] o;k|sf/sf] ck|hftflGqs Pj+ c;lxi0f' sfo{af6 ;d:ofsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf] ;§f d'n's emgemg\ u[xo'4sf] hl6n e"d/Ldf kmF:b} hfg] ;Defjgf ;d]t k|jn ePsf] ;+u7gsf] lgisif{ /x]sf] cWoIf kf7sn] pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 .
ckLndf pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] 5 - …pNn]lvt g]tfx? tyf kqmfp k/]sf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{ nufotsf /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cljnDa l/xfO u/L zflGtk"0f{ jftf{sf] kxn ug{ ;DalGwt ;a} kIf ;dIf ;+u7g xflb{s ckLn ;d]t ub{5 .Ú
o;}u/L :jtGq k|];dfly gf+uf] ?kdf k|:t't eO/x]sf] ;/sf/n] cfh ljZj k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;sf] d"n sfo{qmddfly ;d]t k|xf/ u/]sf] hgfpFb} g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj lji0f' lgi7'/Låf/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf elgPs]f 5 -…g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] ;~rf/u|fddf cfof]hgf u/]sf] ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf k|d'v cltly / ljlzi6 cltlysf ?kdf efu lng cfpg nfUg'ePsf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]/ ;/sf/n] k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;sf] d"n sfo{qmd g} ca?4 kfg]{ b'ik|of; u¥of] . dxf;+3 ;/sf/sf] o:tf] lg/+s'z / :j]R5frf/L /j}ofk|lt v]b JoQm ub}{ eT;{gf ub{5 . Ú
k|]; lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 -…k|];dfly >[+vnfa4 ?kdf eO/x]sf] cfqmd0f lj?4 g]kfnL cfd;~rf/sdL{x? Pstfa4 eO{ cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/ kqsf/x?sf] dfuk|lt ljNs'n} pbf;Lg, b[li6ljxLg / r]tgfz'Go h:tf] b]lvO/x]sf] 5 . oxL cj:yfdf ljZje/sf kqsf/x?n] dgfO/x]sf] ljZj k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;df ;xefuL eO/x]sf kqsf/x?sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ k|ToIf afwf / cj/f]w k'¥ofpg] u/L ;/sf/n] g]tfx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 36gf ;j{q lgGbgLo 5 . ;+s6sf] 3]/fdf k/]sf] :jtGq k|];k|lt P]Soa4tf k|s6 ug{ / cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf ;dy{g hgfpg kfpg] /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?sf] clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t u/]/ ;/sf/n] ljZj;fd' g]kfnsf] zL/ em'sfpg] uDeL/ ck/fw u/]s]f 5 . o:tf] 3[l0ft / lgGbgLo sfo{ u/]/ ;/sf/n] k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;s} wHhL p8fpg] b':;fx; klg u/]sf] 5 .Ú

k|ltudgsf] ;ftf] p8fpg] h'n';
lrtjg . ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldlt lrtjgsf] cfof]hgfdf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf, sfo{stf{, gful/s ;dfh, dfgjclwsf/sdL{, kqsf/, ljBfyL{, jlsn, lzIfs ;+u7g, lzIfs ;+3 ;d]t ;xefuL ePsf] k|ltudgsf] ;ftf] p8fpg] ljf/]w sfo{qmd lbpF;f] # ah] nfoG; rf]s gf/fo0fu9af6 lgl:sof] . l6g yfn, l;7\7L, df]6/;fOsfnsf] xg{ ahfpFb} …k|ltudg efu efuÚ eGg] gf/f nufpFb} ahf/ kl/qmdf u/]sf] pQm h'n'; zlxbrf]s gf/fo0fu9df k'u]/ lj;h{g ePsf] lyof] .

Onfddf em8k
Onfd . k|ltudglj/f]wL kfFr bnsf] ;+o'Qm lj/f]w k|bz{g cfh Onfd ahf/df klg ;DkGg eof] . pQm k|bz{gdf …s's'/ clegGbgÚ u/]sf ljBfyL{x? ;d]t kl5 ldl;Psf lyP . k|x/Ln] s's'/ vf]:g vf]Hbf em8k ePsf] lyof], 9'+uf xfgfxfg ePsf] lyof] / k|x/Ln] Ps ;]n c>'Uof; ;d]t k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] . em8kdf ljBfyL{ lbks rfkfufO{+, pbo /fO{ / dft[sf bfxfn nfuot k|x/L klg 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .

cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf
sf7df8f}+ . ci6"]lnofsf] k|f]u|]l;e n]j/ kf6L{n] g]kfndf hf/L ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngk|lt xflb{s P]Soa4tf hfx]/ u/]s]f 5 . pQm kf6L{sf tkm{af6 /fli6"o ;lrj Nsf; jf]lN8"Ën] cfGbf]ngsf/L kfFr kf6L{sf] u7aGwg / k|ltudg lj?4 plq/x]sf hgtfk|lt P]Soa4tf hgfpg' ePsf] xf] .

;f/+ufsf] em\ofFOs'6L rf8}+

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
d] @, @))$

g]kfnL l;g] If]qsL rlr{t g[To+ugf tyf gflosf ;f/+ufn] ljjfx ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sL l5g\ .
ljut tLg jif{b]lv cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsL ;f/+ufn] cfkm\gf] ljjfx cd]l/sL gful/s /]uL x]g/L;Fu cfpFbf] ;]K6]Da/ dlxgf;Dddf ug]{ ePsL l5g\ .
/]uL :yfgLo 3/hUuf ljqmL ljt/0f ug]{ sfd ub{5g\ . pgn] cfk\mgf] xftsf] cf}+nfdf nufPsf] dugL cf}+7L b]vfpFb} elgg\ pxfFn] cyf{t\ /]uLn] ut ;ftfdfq Go'of]s{df cfkm"nfO{ cf}+7L nufOlbPsf x'g\ . pgsf] /]uL;Fu ut Ps jif{cl3b]lv lrghfg ePsf] xf] . cfkm\gf] dg ldNg] / cfkm"n] eg]h:t} /fhs'df/ e]6]sfn] cfkm" /]uL;Fu ljjfx aGwgdf afFlwg rfx]sf] atfOg\ .
cfkm\gf] ljjfx ug]{ a]nf klg eO;s]sf] / cfkm"n] eg]h:tf] / dg ldNg] ;fyL /]uL;Fu x'g nfu]sf] ljjfxaf6 pgL lgSs} b+u b]lvlG5g\ .
;f/+uf :yfgLo g]kfnL s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ x/]s ;ftf zlgaf/sf lbg g]kfnL efiff tyf ;+:s[lt ljBfno, jfl;+ª6gdf g[To klg l;sfpFb} cfPsL l5g\ . ljjfx u/]kl5 klg cfkm"n] g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ o:tf k|sf/sf of]ubfgx? Eljiodf klg lbb} hfg] s'/f pgn] atfOg\ .

d+unahf/df lj/f]w ;ef

d] @, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . cfGbf]ng/t kfFr /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] cfof]hgfdf cfh nlntk'/sf] d+unahf/df ljzfn ¥ofnL / lj/f]w;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . aL;f}+ xhf/ hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf cfof]lht pQm lj/f]w;efnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf cWoIf clds z]/rg, g]dlskfsf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] / g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_sf pkfWoIf e/tljdn ofbjn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;Daf]wgsf qmddf dxf;lrj g]kfnn] eGg'eof]-ækfFr kf6L{n] b'O{ lbg] cfd x8\tfnsf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5f}+ . olb /fhfn] ;dod} cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gb]znfO{ ga'em\g] xf] eg] cem s8f sfo{{qmd cl3 ;f/]/ cl3 a9\5f}+ . To:tf] cj:yfdf slt lbg 7Kk kfg]{ < xfdLn] of]hgf agfO;s]sf 5f}+ .Æ
lbpF;f] #M#) ah] Go"/f]8df lgwf{l/t k|ltudglj?4sf] lj/f]w k|bz{gdf pkl:yt hg;d'bfo cfh lj/f]w h'n';;lxt lqk'/]Zj/, s'k08f]n, k'Nrf]s x'Fb} d+unahf/ k'u]sf] lyof] . pQm h'n'zsf] g]t[Tj g]skf -Pdfn]_sf g]tfx? cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, ;'jf; g]DjfË, /fh]Gb|k|;fb kf08], o'j/fh sfsL{ / of]u]z e§/fO{ tyf g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf ;'zLn sf]O/fnf, /fdrGb| kf}8]n / ch'{gg/l;+x s]=;L=n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
nlntk'/sf] nugv]naf6 s]zj a8fn, /3'hL kGt, s[i0fnfn dxh{g / dw';'bg kf}8]nsf] g]t[Tjdf g]skf -Pdfn]_sf], k'Nrf]saf6 g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] / kf6g 9f]sfaf6 hgdf]rf{, g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 5'§f5'§} lg:s]sf] lj/f]w h'n'z / ¥ofnLx? klg d+unahf/ k'u]/ ldl;Psf lyP . sf7df8f}+ / nlntk'/sf 5'§f5'§} h'n'zx? d+unahf/df ldl;P/ ljzfn ¥ofnLn] gu/ kl/qmdf u/]sf] lyof] . pQm lj/f]w ;efsf] ;efkltTj g]skf -Pdfn]_ nlntk'/sf ;lrj dw';'bg kf}8]nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L g]skf -Pdfn]_n] a;Gtk'/df 5'§} lj/f]w;ef klg ;DkGg u¥of] . ljho >]i7sf] ;efkltTj, dg/Tg zfSosf] :jfut / ljBf;'Gb/ zfSosf] ;+rfngdf ePsf] pQm ;efnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? ci6nIdL zfSo, s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7, dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf kß/Tg t'nfw/ / 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/n] ;Daf]wg ug'{eof] .

bh{gf}+ lgjt{dfg hgk|ltlglw lu/km\tf/
sf7df8f}+ . cfh laxfg *=)) ah] :yfgLo lgsfosf tLgj6} dxf;+3x¿sf] g]t[Tjdf k|ltudgsf lj¿4 ;+rflnt rfn' hgcfGbf]ngk|lt ;dy{g hgfpFb} sf7df8f}+sf] d'6' /Tgkfs{ / k'tnL;8sdf h'n'; ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] h'n';nfO{ lhlj; dxf;+3sf cWoIf tyf lgjt{dfg sfe|] ;efklt s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f, gu/kflnsf ;+3sf cWoIf tyf lgj{tdfg x]6f}8f gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v 8f]/d0fL kf}8]n / uflj; /fli6"o dxf;+3sf cWoIf dlxg lnDj'n] g]t[Tj ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
æk|ltudg d'bf{jfb, k|hftGq lhGbfjfb, d08n] elt{ aGb u/, l6s] ;/sf/ d'bf{jfbÆ cflb gf/f nufpFb} ef]6flx6Laf6 z'¿ ePsf] h'n';n] c;g, /QmsfnL, g/b]jL, OGb|rf]s, ef]6fxL6L, /Tgkfs{, afuahf/ x'Fb} k'tnL;8s;Dd ;fgbf/;fy lgif]wf1fnfO{ tf]8\g] sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . ;f] h'n'; dfyL tLgk6s;Dd k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/]sf] lyof] . k|x/Lsf] t]>f]k6s ;Dd 3]/f tf]8\b} ePsf] h'n';nfO{ z+s/b]j glhs k|x/Ln] 3]/f xfnL n5f/k5f/ u/]/ lgjt{dfg ;efkltx¿ !^ hgf, pk;efkltx¿ % hgf, gu/kflnsfsf k|d'vx¿ $ hgf, pkk|d'vx¿ @ hgf, uflj; dxf;+3sf g]tfx¿ !) hgf ;lxt %! hgf lgjt{dfg hgk|ltlglwx¿nfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] 5 .
lu/ˆtf/ x'g]x¿df lgjt{dfg lhlj; ;efkltx¿ s]=kL= ;fksf]6f -sfe|]_, dfwj kf}8]n -nlntk'/_, e/t v8\sf -8f]6L_, C[lif/fh n'D;fnL -sGrgk'/_, gf/fo0fbQ ld> -s}nfnL_, emk]Gb| lh=lh -kfNkf_, lszf]/rGb| b'nfn -t]x|y'd_, t'n;L Gof}kfg] -;+v'jf;ef_, 6]saxfb'/ vfF8 -b}n]v_, nfns'df/ s]=;L -bf]nvf_, uf]ljGb b'jfn -eQmk'/_, ;fg's'df/ >]i7 -sf7df8f}+_, /d]z zdf{ -slknj:t'_, s}nfz 9'Ë]n -/fd]5fk_, e"tk"j{ cWoIf s[i0fnfn ;fksf]6f -lrtjg_, xL/fbQ e§ -88]Nw'/f_, uf]kfn ;fksf]6f -afUn'Ë_, /fdrGb| kf]v/]n -tgx'F_ x'g'x'G5 .
o;}u/L lu/km\tf/ lgjt{dfg pk;efkltx¿ /fd]Zj/ km'ofFn -sf7df8f}+_, 8Dj/ cof{n -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, lzj e08f/L -bf]nvf_, lrq yfkf -tgx'F_, huGgfy yklnof -lrtjg_, gu/kflnsf k|d'vx¿ 8f]/d0fL kf}8]n -x]6f}8f_, ef]h/fh cof{n -jfnLË_, zfnLs/fd kf}8]n -n]vgfy gkf_, gf/fo0f jg -/Tggu/_, gu/ pkk|d'vx¿ b]jL 1jfnL -e/tk'/_, czf]s a]~h' -w'nLv]n_, uflj; dxf;+3 k|d'v dlxg lnDj' / ;b:ox¿ tf]ofgfy rfnL;], /Tgk|;fb cfrfo{, lhNnf cWoIfx¿df uf]kfn Gof}kfg] -bf]nvf_, cGo lu/ˆtf/ x'g] hgk|ltlglwdf emDs g]kfn -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, /fds[i0f x'dfufO{ -sfe|]_, u'dfgWjh s'Fj/ -sfe|]_, uf]df e't]{n -sfe|]_, s[i0fs'df/ lj;L -b}n]v_, /fdx/L ;'j]bL -sfe|]_, d's'Gb uf}td, s'df/ yfkf, ho/fd jf;'snf, huGgfy e08f/L, nIdLeQm b'jfn, ;fg'axfb'/ ;'n', gj/fh /fpt, kjg v8\sf, 8f]ngfy /]UdL, lbks yfkf, u0f]z >]i7, uugl;+x yfkf / /d]z sfsL{x¿ x'g'x'G5 . lu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf hgk|ltlglwx¿nfO{ k|x/L yfgf l;+xb/af/df /flvPsf] 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf cfh} k]|; jQmJo hf/L ug'{ eO{ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg;ldltsf ;lrj /fh]Gb|k|;fb kf08]n] eGg'ePsf] 5-æhgtfaf6 slxNo} lgjf{lrt x'g g;Sg] ;dfhaf6} c:jLs[t tyf d08n]sf] ¿kdf kl/lrt JolQmx¿nfO{ elt{ u/]/ :yfgLo lgsfosf ;|f]tx¿df a|Dxn'6 dRrfpg] s'/fsf] la¿4 k|hftGqsf] kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg] hgk|ltlglwx¿nfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L cdfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]sf]df xfd|f] kf6L{ j{tdfg k|ltufdL ;/sf/sf] o; sfo{nfO{ 3f]/ lgGbf ub{5 / tTsfn lgjt{dfg hgk|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;-;Ddfg l/xfOsf] dfu ub{5 .Æ

cfd x8\tfn ;kmn kfg{ lgb]{zg
kf]v/f . g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:o Pj+ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] cfh oxfF cfof]lht cu'jf sfo{stf{ e]nfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{eof] .
pxfFn] u08sL c~rn / sf:sL lhNnfsf sl/a %) hgf cu'jf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lgb]{zg lb+b} cfpFbf] j}zfv @( / #) ut]sf] cfd x8\tfnnfO{ ;zQm, k|efjsf/L / ;kmn kfg{ ljz]if 9+un] ;lqmo x'g lgb]{zg lbg'eof] .

y'g'jf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ t'¿Gt 5f]8\g dfu
sf7df8f}+ . kfFr k|d'v bnåf/f ;+rflnt zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf aa{/ bdgsf] gLlt clVtof/ ug]{ ;/sf/ em'f ;"rgf ;Dk]|if0f ug{] / y'g'jf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ n'sfpg] tx;Ddsf] lgs[i6tfdf pq]sf] tkm{ uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] s'/f g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefu k|d'v k|lbk g]kfnn] cfh Ps k|]; jQmJo hf/L ug'{ eO{ hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
k]|; jQmJodf pNn]v ePcg';f/ cfGbf]ngsf] bf}/fg j}zfv !( ut] sf7df8f}+df lu/km\tf/ ePsf sfe]|knf~rf]ssf lgd{n ltlD;gf, ljb'/ rf}nfufO{+ / rGb|l;+x nfdf, df]/Ësf df]xg clwsf/L / lzjk|;fb nD;fn, l;Gw'nLsf clgn tfdfË, aemfËsf ;'/]Gb| rGb tyf wflbËsf ;/f]h clwsf/LnfO{ cem} klg l;+xb/jf/ j8f k|x/L sfof{nodf /flvPsf] / kfgL;Dd lkpg glbPsf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 . hals, lxhf] lbpF;f] lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf ;a}nfO{ 5f]8]sf] ;dfrf/ ;/sf/n] k|;f/ u/]sf] lyof] .
cfh laxfg :yfgLo lgsfosf lgjt{dfg kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lu/km\tf/L kl5 dfq pNn]lvt * hgf y'g'jf cfGbf]ngsf/L-x¿nfO{ g5f]l8Psf] tYo v'n]sf] k]|; jQmJodf atfOPsf] 5 . o;;DaGwdf pQm k]|; lj1lKtdf y'g'jf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ n'sfpg] / em'f ;"rgf ;Dk]|if0f ug]{ ;/sf/sf] if8\oGqsf/L lgot pbfËf] ePsf] 5 eGb} ;/sf/sf] o;vfn] lgotsf] eT;{gf ub}{ pNn]lvt y'g'jf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ t'¿Gt 5f]8\g hf]8bf/ dfu ul/Psf] 5 .

leqL ;x/df k|rf/ h'n'z
sf7df8f}+ . cfh laxfg g]skf -Pdfn]_ nug-Go"/f]8 sdf08sf] cfof]hgfdf k|ltudglj/f]wL k|rf/ ¥ofnL ;DkGg eof] . g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7sf] g]t[Tjdf u0faxfnaf6 lg:s]sf] h'n'z lvrfkf]v/L, k'/fgf] gu/kflnsf, a;Gtk'/, Go"/f]8, ORo'jxfn, c;g x'Fb} ef]6flx6Ldf k'uL ;dfkg eof] . pQm ;dfkg ;efnfO{ s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7 / Pdfn] Onfsf g+= ^ -v_ sf ;lrj eLd;]g /fhjfxsn] ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|ltudgnfO{ ;w}sf] lglDt k/f:t ug]{ rfn" hgcfGbf]ng ;kmntfdf gk'uL g6'lËg] atfpg'eof] .
cfh} laxfg g]skf -Pdfn]_ afnfh' sdf08 cGtu{t afnfh" jg:ynLdf k|ltudglj/f]wL ;ef ;DkGg eof] . pQm ;efnfO{ Pdfn]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo /fh]Gb| >]i7 / l8NnL dxtn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+rfng Pdfn] !^ j8f sld6L ;lrj /fh]Gb|nfn >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cfh} sf7df8f}+sf] :joDe" eujfgkfpmdf kfFr kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm ;ef ;DkGg eof] . hLjg/fd >]i7sf] ;+rfng / O{Zj/dfg 8+uf]nsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm ;efnfO{ Pdfn] :yfoL sld6L ;b:o emngfy vgfn, sf+u]|;sf g/xl/ cfrfo{, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf gj/fh ;'j]bL, g]dlskfsf ;gs dxh{g / ;b\efjgfsf ljZjgfy ;fxn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . aQmfx¿n] hgtfsf clwsf/ axfnLsf nflu k|ltudgsf] k/f:t clgjfo{ ePsf]n] o; cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g hgtfnfO{ cfx\jfg ug'{eof] .
cfh laxfg sf7df8f}+sf] /fgLaf/Ldf ;+o'Qm ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm ;efdf Pdfn] lhNnf sld6L ;b:o gf/fo0f l;njfn, sfdkf # sf ;lrj bLks s]=;L=, sf+u|];sf s[i0fd'/f/L hf]zLn] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . ;efdf af]Nb} jQmfx¿n] k|ltudg k"0f{ k/f:t geP;Dd x/]s ufpFj:tL cfGbf]ngdo agfpg'kg]{ s'/f JoQm ug'{eof] .
cfh} hf]/kf6L sdf08 cGt/ut tLg uflj;sf] ;+o'Qm ;ef hf]/kf6Ldf ;DkGg eof] . pQm ;efdf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x]d/fh /fO{ / s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ /fdrGb| e§/fO{n] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
sn+sL, sflndf6L pks]Gb|sf] cfof]hgfdf sf7df8f}+ If]q g+= ^ sf] u'h'{wf/faf6 kbofqf z'¿ eO{ yfgsf]6 a;kfs{df k'u]/ sf]0f;ef u/L ;DkGg eof] . pQm kbofqfsf] g]t[Tj kf6L{ :yfoL sld6L ;b:o o'j/fh 1jfnL / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ci6nIdL zfSon] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . yfgsf]6df k'u]/ ePsf] sf]0f;efnfO{ o'j/fh 1jfnL / ci6nIdL zfSon] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;fbf kf]zfssf k'ln;åf/f lu/km\tf/
sf7df8f}+ . ljBfyL{x?åf/f 3f]lift u0ftGqsf] dfu{df oftfoftsf ;fwg k|j]z ug{ /f]s nufOPsf] sf/0f cfh lbge/ k|bz{gLdfu{ 7Kk eof] . lbpF;f] aflNdsL SofDk;leq k|j]z u/L k|x/Ln] bdg ug{ vf]h] klg ;kmn ePg .
cfh ;fbf kf]zfssf k|x/Ln] 7fpF-7fpFaf6 ljBfyL{x?nfO{ kqmfp ug]{ gofF z}nL k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . o;qmddf k'/fgf] a;kfs{af6 dLgejg SofDk;sf sdn pk]|tL lu/km\tf/ x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] cå}tdfu{af6 afuahf/ d"n ;8sdf lg:sg vf]Hbf /Tg/fHonIdL SofDk; :jljo'sf sf]iffWoIf /fhs'df/ /fO{ / dfwj vgfnnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . pxfFx?nfO{ dx]Gb| k'ln; Snadf /flvPsf] 5 . o;}u/L /Tg/fHosf :jljo' pk;efklt ho/fd cof{nnfO{ k|x/Ln] s'6lk6 u/]sf] 5 .

blntx¿sf] P]Soa4tf
s}nfnL . cfh wgu9Ldf blnt ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf kfFr kf6L{åf/f ;+rflnt k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf;lxt ljzfn lj/f]w ¥ofnL tyf sf]0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sf]0f;efnfO{ hut lj=s=, rqm lj=s=, Hof]ltnfn jg, efg l;+x lj=s=, k]|ds'df/ la=;L= / blnt ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf 5q 6]n/n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

htftt} d;fn h'n';
g]skf -Pdfn]_ pkTosf sdf08 cGtu{t lxhf] ;fFem sf7df8f}+sf ljleGg 7fpFdf d;fn h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf 5g\ . d;fn h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf 7fpFx¿df sf]6]Zj/, afg]Zj/, sflndf6L, c;g, afF;af/L, nug, d}tLb]jL, 3§]s'nf], nlntk'/sf] dxfkfn, eQmk'/sf] j+zuf]kfn / gub]z tyf sLlt{k'/sf] pdfdx]Zj/ /x]sf 5g\ .
Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /3'hL kGt, lhlj; dxf;+3sf k"j{ ;efklt dfwj kf}8]n, sf+u]|;sf hut/fh zfSo / hgdf]rf{sf hLt]Gb| >]i7sf] cu'jfO{df nlntk'/sf] dxfkfnaf6 d;fn h'n'z lg:sL ufjxfn x'Fb} d+undf cfP/ ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ci6nIdL zfSosf] g]t[Tjdf sflndf6L ;f]N6Ldf]8af6 z'¿ ePsf] h'n'z sn+sLdf k'uL sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . pQm sf]0f;efnfO{ ci6nIdL zfSon] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fh]Gb| >]i7sf] g]t[Tjdf c;gaf6 lg:s]sf] d;fn h'n'z /QmsfnL 6]undf k'uL ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 ePsf] sf]0f;efnfO{ /fh]Gb| >]i7 / hLjg/fd >]i7n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o z+s/ kf]v/]n, of]u]z e§/fO{sf g]t[Tjdf sLlt{k'/sf] pdfdx]Zj/af6 ;'¿ ePsf] ;+o'Qm d;fn h'n'z af3e}/j, gMufpF x'Fb} gofFahf/ psfnf]df uO{ ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 ePsf] sf]0f;efnfO{ /fdz/0f dxh{g / ;'/]Gb| dfgGw/n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|sfz Hjfnfsf] g]t[Tjdf dxf/fhu~h rqmkyaf6 ;'¿ ePsf] d;fn h'n'z a;'Gw/f k'u]/ ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 ePsf] sf]0f;efnfO{ k|sfz Hjfnfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L eQmk'/sf] j+zuf]kfnaf6 ;'¿ ePsf] d;fn h'n'z Rofdl;+x ;'d7Ldf k'uL sf]0f;ef u/L ;DkGg eof] . pQm h'n'z Pdfn] eQmk'/sf pk;lrj ;f]d ld>sf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L eQmk'/sf] gub]zaf6 lg:s]sf] d;fn h'n'z z+vw/rf]s xfOj]df k'u]/ ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 ePsf] sf]0f;efnfO{ Pdfn]sf /d]z pvf >]i7n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L Pdfn] g]tf eLd Gof}kfg]sf] g]t[Tjdf 3§]s'nf]af6 ;'¿ ePsf] d;fn h'n'z cgfdgu/rf]sdf k'uL ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5sf] sf]0f;efnfO{ eLd Gof}kfg]n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L Pdfn] hf]/kf6L sdf08 cGtu{tsf tLgj6f uflj;df d;fn h'n'z ;DkGg ePsf lyP . hf]/kf6L rf]saf6 ;'¿ ePsf] pQm h'n'z a];LufpF k'uL ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . pQm h'n'zdf Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x]d/fh /fO{, s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ /fdrGb| e§/fO{ / s[i0f /fO{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

afnfh'-jfOkf; sdf08sf] sfd
sf7df8f}+ . g]skf -Pdfn]_ !# g+= pks]Gb| afnfh'-jfOkf; sdf08n] cu'jf sfo{stf{ e]nf / d;fn h'n'; ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
;/:jtL SofDk;df ePsf] cu'jf sfo{stf{ e]nfnfO{ sdf08sf k|d'v l8NnLaxfb'/ dxt, pkk|d'v dx]zdl0f bLlIft / ;b:o 8f= eLid clwsf/Ln] ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ cem ;zQm kfg{ cfx\jfg ug'{eof] . e]nf kZrft\ lg:s]sf] d;fn h'n'z ;f]¥xv'§]af6 afnfh' rf]sdf k'uL ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . sdf08n] cfh laxfg jg:ynL rf]sdf lj/f]w ;ef ;DkGg u¥of] . pQm ;efnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fh]Gb| >]i7 / l8NnLaxfb'/ dxtn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefuåf/f k|sflzt d] @, @))$ sf] hgcfGbf]ng a'n]l6gaf6

8L;Ldf P]Soj4tf ¥ofnL

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
d] )!, @))$

dfgjclwsf/ axfnL u/, k|hftGq k'gM :yfkgf u/, kqsf/dflysf] bdg aGb u/ Û oL gf/fx? lxhf] z'qmaf/ lbpF;f] cd]l/sfsf] jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;df g]kfndf rln/x]sf] cfGbf]nk|lt P]Soj4tf hgfpgsf nflu lj/f]w kq a'emfpg k'u]sf g]kfnLx?n] b"tfaf;sf sd{rf/Lx?n] 9f]sf aGb u/]/ a;]kl5 nufPsf x'g\ .
s]xLl5gsf] gf/fafhLkl5 b"tfaf;sf Ps sd{rf/Ln] lj/f]wkq a'em]sf ePklg sfod d'sfod /fhb"t aflx/ lg:sg} k5{ eGg] c8fg h'n'zsf ;xefuLn] lnPkl5 em08} cfwf306fkl5 sfod d'sfod /fhb"t ?b| g]kfn 9f]sfdf cfO{ lj/f]wkq ;DalGwt 7fpFdf k7fOlbg] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
h'n'zdf ;xefuL x'g cfOk'u]sfx? eg] g]kfnL b"taf;sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Jojxf/af6 lgSs} ?i6 x'g k'u]sf lyP .
;f]xL cj;/df ¥ofnLsf ;xefuL z}n]z >]i7n] b"tfaf;sf] o:tf] /j}ofn] g]kfnsf] yfkf ;/sf/sf] k|lutudgsf] 5fofF cd]l/sfsf] g]kfnL b"tfaf;;Dd cfOk'u]sf] atfpFb} sd{rf/Lx?n] o; k|sf/sf] /j}of gb]vfpg ;d]t cfu|x ug'{eof] .
To;cl3 XjfO6 xfp; glhs}sf] :jtGqtf kfs{df em08} Ps306fhlt ;xefuLx?n] k|hftGq axfnL u/, /fhf 1fg]Gb| /fhgLltaf6 aflx/ a;, k|hftGq cd/ /xf];\ h:tf c+u|]hLdf n]lvPsf Kn]sf8{ af]s]/ lj/f]w k|b{zg u/]sf lyP .
kfs{kl5 ¥ofnLsf ;xefuLx?n] Soflk6nlxn -cd]l/sL ;+;b ejg_ cufl8 k'u]/ g]kfndf k|hftGq k'g:yfkgf u/, dfgjclwsf/sf] axfnL u/ / kqsf/dfly ul/Psf] ;/sf/L bdgsf] lj/f]wsf gf/f nufPsf lyP .
;g\ !(() sf] cfGbf]ngsf ;dodf ;d]t lgSs} ;lqmo /xFb} cfpg'ePsf Xo'dg/fO6;\ sld6L 8L;Lsf cWoIf 8f= an/fd cof{n æof] cfGbf]ngn] g]kfndf eO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf nflu 7"nf] g}lts ;dy{g / o; k|sf/sf] h'n'zn] g]kfndf eO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ yk pmhf{ k|bfg u/]sf] pxfF atfpg'x'G5 .
cfkm\gf] ;+:yf / JolQmut tkm{af6 cfkm"n] cd]l/sg s+u|]; Dofg / l;g]6/x?;Fu g]kfnsf af/]df k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf nflu ;Dks{ ul//x]sf] s'/f 8f= cof{nn] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLsf cj;/df atfpg'eof] .
Go'of]s{b]vL h'n';df efu lng cfpg'ePsf 8f= tf/f lg/f}nf eGg'x'G5, æclxn] g]kfndf h'g /fhgLlts cGof}ntf / cl:y/tf pTkGg eO/x]sf] 5 To;}sf] lznlznfdf g]kfndf rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] zflGt ;'/Iff / k|hftflGqs kl/kf6Lsf] k'g:yfkgf xf];\ eGg] b[li6sf]0fn] cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?4f/f h;/L r]tgf hufpg] lx;fan] of] ¥ofnL ul/Psf] xf] / To;sf nflu cfkm" k|b{gLdf efu lng cfPsf] pxfF atfpg'x'G5 .
cd]l/sfaf6 uPsf] cfjfhsf] dxTj ;d]t a9L x'g] ePsfn] o;sf] k|efjn] g]kfnsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;d]t yk k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] x'gfn] o; k|sf/sf] h'n';df cfkm" efu lng cfOk'usf] pxfF atfpg'x'G5 .
;xefuL cfdf]b s6'jfn eGg'x'G5, k|hftGqk|lt ljZjf; /fVg] g]kfnL ;fyLefOx?n] XjfO6 xfp; cufl8, Sofl6n lxn cufl8 cfkm\gf] b]zdf k|hftGq k'g:yfkgf xf];\ eGg] cfjfhnfO{ cd]l/af6 ;d]t g]kfndf k'uf];\ eGg] h'g p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ¥ofnLdf cfkm" ;xfefuL x'g cfOk'u]sf] s'/f pxfFn]] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
h'n';df ;xefuL x'gsfnflu Go'XofD;fo/df a;f]af; ub}{ cfpg'ePsf of]u/fh uf}tdnfO{ eg] h'n';df ;xefuL ePkl5 cfkm\gf] pT;fxdf sdL cfPsf] s'/f g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'eof] . lsg t eGg] k|Zgdf pxfF eGg'x'G5, æof] h'n'; eg] sf7df8f}+df xfn /fli6|o k|hftGq kf6L{n] nufPsf] h:tf]dfq ePsf] 5 . cfkm"n] ljut ;g\ !(() sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;d]t cd]l/sfdf h'n';df ;xefuL ePsf]n] clxn]sf] cfGbf]ngdf g]kfnsf o'jfx? u0ftGqsf] kIfdf uO;s]sf] cj:yfdf xfdL ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] klg u0ftGq :yfkgfsf nflu cfkm\gf] cfjfh p7fpg'kg]{ s'/fdf pxfFn] hf]8 lbg'eof] .
/fhf4f/f vf]l;sfPsf] hgtfsf] clwsf/ k"0f{ ?kdf hgtfdf kmsf{Og'kg]{ / ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf u/L b]zsf] /fhgLlts ;d:of ;dfwfg ul/g'kg]{ s'/f /fVb} cfkm"x?n] o; k|sf/sf] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] s'/f g]kfnL k|hftflGqs o'jf kl/ifb\, Go'of]s{sf cWoIf cfgGb lji6n] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'eof] .
Go'of]s{l:yt g]kfnL k|hftflGqs o'jf kl/ifb\sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] pQm lj/f]w ¥ofnLdf Go'of]s{ tyf jfl;+ª6g 8L;Lsf g]kfnL a'l4hLjL, ljBfyL{, snfsf/, kqsf/ / ljleGg ;+3 ;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx? u/]/ em08} Ps ;o krf; hgf g]kfnLx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

b'O{ lbg] cfd x8\tfnsf] 3f]if0ff

clk|n #), @))$

sf7df8f}+ . zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;j{bnLo a}7sn] j}zfv @( / #) ut] b]zJofkL?kdf cfdx8\tfn ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . To;qmddf b]ze/sf pBf]u, snsf/vfgf, Jofkf/ Joj;fo, oftfoft, lzIfs ;+:yf / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf Pj+ sfof{nox? nufot ;Dk"0f{ If]q aGb ul/g] s'/f cfh a;]sf] s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldlt sfo{bnsf] a}7skl5 hf/L lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
lj1lKtdf hgfOPcg';f/ PDa'n]G;, zjafxg, b"w af]Sg] uf8L, kmf]xf/ km\ofFSg] uf8L, kfgL af]Sg] uf8L, af?0f oGq / s'6gLlts lgof]usf uf8Lx?sf] cfjfudgdf eg] /f]s gnufOg] ePsf] 5 .
pQm lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5-æcfdx8\tfnnfO{ ;kmn agfpg ;a} ju{, k]zf tyf Joj;fosf cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ xflb{s cfx\jfg ub}{ pQm lbg k|ltudglj?4 ;8sdf plqP/ lj/f]wsf ljljw sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL eO{ ;xof]u tyf ;dy{g ug{ xflb{s cfx\jfg ub{5f}+ . cfd x8\tfnnfO{ ;zQm, k|efjsf/L / ;kmn agfpg] qmddf ljleGg ju{, k]zf tyf Joj;fo;Fu ;Da4 ;+3, ;+:yf / JolQmx?;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGtlqm{of ;DaGwL sfo{qmd cljnDa ;DkGg ul/g]5 .Æ
sfo{bnn] lj1lKtdf hgfPcg';f/ k|ltudglj?4 sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t b]zJofkL lj/f]w tyf cj1fsf] sfo{qmd lg/Gt/ hf/L /xg]5 / ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L /fhgLlts bnsf cfkm\gf ljz]if sfo{qmdx? ;d]t hf/L /xg] 5g\ .

tL;f}+ lbg klg Jofks em8k, lu/km\tf/L
sf7df8f}+ . /fhwfgL s]lGb|t ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngn] cfh Ps dlxgf k"/f u/]sf] 5 . tL;f}+ lbg cfh klg Jofks k|x/L bdg ePsf] 5 / To;n] em8k lgDTofPsf] 5 . Go"/f]8af6 #M#) ah] lg:s]sf] d"n h'n'zdf k|x/Ln] lgd{d nf7L rfh{ ubf{ k|/fo';+3sf /~hgf df:s] / ;'bz{g ld> 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .
d"n h'n'z cf/PgP;L cufl8 k'Ubf k|x/Låf/f Jofks w8ks8 ePsf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f Pdfn] :yfoL sld6L ;b:o s]zj a8fn, czf]s /fO{, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o zfGtf dfgjL, /3'jL/ dxf;]7, /fli6"o ;efsf pkfWoIf /fdlk|t kf;jfg, sdn sf]O/fnf, u+ufnfn t'nfw/, dfwj kf}8]n, k|/fo';+3sf dxf;lrj /jLGb| clwsf/L, ;Togf/fo0f ofbj lu/km\tf/Ldf kg'{ePsf] 5 .
cfh lu/km\tf/ cGo cfGbf]ngsf/Ldf /fh]Gb| uf}td, ljBfyL{ g]tf o1/fh ;'g'jf/ / 5]b'Ë nfdf, s'n s'Fj/, xf]dgfy ;fksf]6f, lgd{nf k|hfklt x'g'x'G5 . lu/km\tf/ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ n}hfFb} ubf{ 6"sleq ;d]t eL8Gt ePsf] lyof] eg] 6"s aflx/af6;d]t k|x/Ln] 6"s leqsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ 9'+uf xfg]sf lyP .
o;cl3 g]skf -Pdfn]_ pkTosf sdf08sf] cfof]hgfdf cfh laxfg *M#) b]lv (M#) ah];Dd sn+sL, uf]+ua', afnfh' df5fkf]v/L, dxf/fhu~h rqmky, rfjlxn, k'Nrf]s, eQmk'/ ;Nnf3f/L, d}tLb]jL rf]s, afg]Zj/ rf]s / sf]6]Zj/ rf]sdf ;8s wgf{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
ljleGg :yfgsf] wgf{ sfo{qmddf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/L lu/km\tf/ ul/Psfdf Pdfn] :yfoL sld6Lsf ;b:o O{Zj/ kf]v/]n, s]zj j8fn, s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? /3' kGt, x]d/fh /fO{, l8NnL dxt, /sd r]Dhf]Ë, k|sfz Hjfnf, s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ /fdrGb| e§/fO{, jL/axfb'/ l;+x, k"j{ ;f+;b s[i0fnfn dxh{g, ljho ;'Aaf, o1/fh Gof}kfg] / b]jLnfn yfkf x'g'x'G5 .
o;}u/L, lhlj; dxf;+3sf k"j{ ;efklt dfwj kf}8]n, sfdkfsf k"j{ pkk|d'v ljb'/ d}gfnLnufot dw';'bg kf}8]n, hLjg v8\sf, ;'/]Gb|df]xg zdf{, xl/s[i0f Jo~hgsf/, ;fu/dfg ;'jfn, uf]kfn >]i7, ch'{g cof{n, ef]h/fh Gof}kfg], xl/ kf}8]n, ;fu/ t'nfw/, uf]kfn l3ld/], nfnaxfb'/ nfdf, bfdf]b/ v8\sf lu/km\tf/ x'g'ePsf] 5 .
6+s sfsL{, /fd]Zj/ km'ofFn, s[i0f /fO{, xl/snf vftL, sf]dnk|;fb e§, /fdnvg zdf{, gf/fo0f l;njfn, uf]ljGb e§/fO{, nfnaxfb'/ tfdfª, /fh' e08f/L, s';'ds'df/ sfsL{, bLks s]=;L=, lx/fs'df/ s]=;L=, /fds[i0f ;]9fO{+, lszf]/ zdf{, ;'/]Gb| /]UdL, w'|j kf08], /fh' e08f/Lnufotsf cfGbf]ngsf/L lu/km\tf/df kg'{ePsf] 5 . cfhsf] ;8s wgf{ sfo{qmddf huGgfy 1jfnL 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .

/]l8of] g]kfnsf sd{rf/Lx¿ gh/aGbdf
sf7df8f}+ . /]l8of] g]kfn sd{rf/L ;+3sf] sfof{nodf cfof]lht …k|hftGq / 6]"8 o'lgog clwsf/Ú ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/L rf/ bh{geGbf a9L sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ sl/a ;jf b'O{ 306f gh/aGbdf /fv]sf] 36gfk|lt g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefu k|d'v k|lbk g]kfnn] Iff]e k|s6 ug'{ePsf] 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf cfh hf/L k]|; lj1lKtdf pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] 5-æk|lti7fg :t/df o; k|sf/sf] sfo{qmd ug{ kfpg] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] . /fli6"o k|;f/0f s]Gb|df k|x/Lsf] cgflws[t k|j]z, ædflysf] cfb]zÆ eGb} sd{rf/LnfO{ gh/aGbdf /fVg] /j}of / lagf sf/0f lu/km\tf/ ug{ wDsL lbg] lqmofsnfkn] 6]"8 o'lgog clwsf/dfly ;d]t uDeL/ cf3ft k'¥ofPsf] 5 . xfdL o:tf] lqmofsnfk k'gM gbf]xf]¥ofpg ;/sf/nfO{ r]tfjgL lbG5f}+ .Æ
sfo{qmd eO/xFbf Ps bh{geGbf a9L k|x/Ln] sfo{qmd :yndf 3]/f xfn]sf lyP . sfo{qmd ;DkGg eO{ sd{rf/Lx¿ aflxl/g vf]Hbf k|x/Ln] ha/h:tL u/L aflxl/g lbPg . To;qmddf k|x/Ln] !!M)) ah]b]lv !M!% ah];Dd ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuL sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ gh/aGbdf /fv]sf] lyof] . sd{rf/Lx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ lsg cfkm\gf] sIfdf hfgaf6 /f]s nufPsf] xf] egL k|Zg ubf{ dflysf] cfb]z ePsf] egL k|x/Ln] hfgsf/L lb+b} lu/km\tf/ ;d]t ug{] wDsL lbPsf] lyof] . o; ljifodf Joj:yfkg / k|x/L;Fu k|ltjfb u/]kl5 dfq gh/aGbaf6 d'Qm ul/Psf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf /]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jf ljsf; ;ldlt sd{rf/L ;+3, /]l8of] g]kfn sd{rf/L ;+3 / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 /]l8of] g]kfn zfvfsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ePsf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf g]kfn cGt/;+:yfg sd{rf/L ;+3sf cWoIf ;'zLns'df/ emf, dxf;lrj ldq /fO{, cGt/;+:yfg sd{rf/L ;+3sf pkfWoIf ljZjgfy zdf{, /]l8of] g]kfn sd{rf/L ;+3sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf ;'zLn rf}w/L, /]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jf lj;sf ;ldlt sd{rf/L ;+3sf cWoIf 6Lsfk|sfz e08f/L tyf k]|; rf}tf/L g]kfnsf dxf;lrj k|df]b bfxfn, sd{rf/L ;+3sf ;b:o gj/fh nD;fnnufotsf jQmfx¿n] k|hftGqlagf 6]"8 o'lgog clwsf/ ;Dej gx'g] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 /]l8of] g]kfn zfvfsf ;efklt vu]Gb| vqLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ;df/f]xdf uhnsf/ 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n, /d]z kf}8]n, gjLg bfxfnn] k|hftGqsf] cfjZostfsf] af/]df sljtf, d'Qms tyf uLt k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] 36\gfsf] ;Gbe{df /]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jf ljsf; ;ldlt sd{rf/L ;+3sf cWoIf 6Lsfk|sfz e08f/L, /]l8of] g]kfn sd{rf/L ;+3sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf ;'zLn rf}w/L / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 /]l8of] g]kfn zfvfsf ;efklt vu]Gb| vqLåf/f hf/L k]|; lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5-æo;/L 7f8f] gh/aGbdf /flvPsf]df xfd|f] uDeL/ cfklQ 5 . /]l8of] g]kfn h:tf] ;Dj]bgzLn ;+:yfdf alb{wf/L / ;fbf kf]zfsdf /x]sf k|x/L k|j]z u/L k|hftGqsf] af/]df zflGtk"j{s 5nkmn ug{ kfpg] 6]"8 o'lgog clwsf/dfly x:tIf]k ePsf]df xfdL 3f]/ eT;{gf ub{5f}+ . sfof{noleq cglws[t¿kdf k|x/L k|j]z u/L sd{rf/Lx¿dfly b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ bf]ifL k|x/L dfly sf/jfxL ug{ xfdL dfu ub{5f}+ . eljiodf o;k|sf/sf] b'Jo{jxf/ bf]xf]l/Pdf To;af6 lg:sg] h'g;'s} kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/ ;DalGwt kIf g} x'g'kg]{5 .Æ

lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] kIfdf )=#
lrtjg . cfh e/tk'/sf b'O{ SofDk;df /fhtGqaf/] gd"gf hgdt ;+u|x ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ ;Ktu08sL ax'd'vL SofDk;df ePsf] hgdt ;+u|xdf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf (&=$, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf @ / lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] kIfdf )=# k|ltzt dt k/]sf] 5 .
;Ktu08sL SofDk;df ^(% dt v;]sf] lyof] . To;df u0ftGq kIfdf ^^), ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf @!, ;s[o /fhtGqsf] kIfdf !! dt v;]sf] lyof] eg] # dt ab/ ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L, jL/]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;df cfh} ePsf] hgdt ;+u|xdf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf (%, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf # / lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] kIfdf !=& k|ltzt dt v;]sf] 5 .
pQm SofDk;df *&& dt v;]sf] lyof]] . To;df u0ftGqsf] kIfdf *!), ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf $# / lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] kIfdf !( dt v;]sf] lyof] eg] % dt ab/ ePsf] lyof] .
o;}aLr cfh laxfg afns'df/L SofDk;sf ljBfyL{x¿n] zxLb rf]s, gf/fo0fu9df s's'/nfO{ dfnf klx¥ofP/ clegGbg u/]sf 5g\ .

/fhfsf] zflnsdf sfnf] df];f]
;Kt/L . rf/ ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] cfof]hgfdf cfh /fhlj/fhdf h'n'z k|bz{g eof]] . To;qmddf k|x/Låf/f nf7L k|xf/ x'Fbf cg]/f:jljo"sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lbg]z ofbjsf] 6fpsf]df rf]6 nfu]sf] 5 eg] s]bf/ ofbjsf] v'§f efFlrPsf] 5 . 3fOt]x¿df bf]dg ;fx, e'kL ofbj, ;Gtf]if ofbj, lkbf x';]g, /fdrGb| ofbj Pjd\ a;Gt ;fx klg 5g\ . cg]/f:jljo'sf bLks ;fx / dgf]h ;fxnfO{ ;/sf/n] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] Zj]t bdgsf sf/0f cfqmf]lzt ljBfyL{x¿n] ahf/df cjl:yt :juL{o /fhf dx]Gb|sf] zflnsdf sfnf] df];f] bn]sf 5g\ .
of] k|x/L bdglj¿4 jlsn, :s"n lzIfs, SofDk; lzIfs, cGt/;+:yfg sd{rf/L / PnfoG; g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf] 5 .

SofDk; xftf cufl8 rSsf hfd
sf7df8f}+} . k|ltufdLnfO{ lx+8\g glbg] / ;/sf/L uf8L u'8\g glbg] sfo{qmd cGtu{t cfh klg clw/fHoe/L SofDk; xftfcufl8 rSsf hfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o;qmddf /T/fHo SofDk;, u0ftGq dfu{af6 bLks nfdfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . gofF afg]Zj/df ljBfyL{x¿n] af!j $%&% gDa/sf] ;/sf/L df]6/ ;fOsn hnfOlbPsf 5g\ eg] b'O{j6f ;/sf/L uf8L tf]8kmf]8 ePsf 5g\ . l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf cfh ! 306f rSsfhfd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .

k|ltudglj¿4 xhf/f}+ hgtf plqP
alb{of . cfGbf]ngsf/L kfFr bnsf g]tfx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf lxhf] bzf}+ xhf/ alb{ofjf;L hgtfn] lhlj; alb{ofsf] u]6 cufl8af6 ljzfn h'n'z k|bz{g u/L k|ltudglj¿4 uuge]bL gf/fx¿ nufP . h'n'z lhNnf ;b/d'sfd u'nl/of ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L :yfgLo a;kfs{ glhs}sf] au}+rfdf sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;efdf kfFr} bnsf g]tfx¿n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

u08sLdf lxhf] s] eof] <
tgx' " . bdf}nLdf lxhf] lj/f]w h'n'; tyf sf]0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ls;fgx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf lg:s]sf] pQm h'n'; ljleGg gf/f nufpFb} ahf/ kl/qmdfkl5 sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft eof] . ;f] sfo{qmdnfO{ cg]ls;+3 s]Gb|Lo ;b:o z]ifdl0f cfrfo{, /fdaxfb'/ clwsf/L nufotsf jQmfx¿n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L, lxh} pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] lj/f]w h'n'; ;DkGg eof] . ;f] h'n'; ahf/ kl/qmdf kl5 sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] .
ndh'ª M j]zLzx/df lxhf] j[xt lj/f]w h'n'; tyf cfd;ef ;DkGg eof] . dgfË]rf}tf/faf6 ;'¿ ePsf] ;f] lj/f]w h'n'; ljleGg gf/fx¿ nufpFb} ahf/ kl/qmdf kl5 z]/f ahf/ k'uL cfd;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;efnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ lh=s= ;lrj dfofgfy clwsf/L, g]sfsf s[i0f sf]O/fnfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

:ofª\hf M ;b/d'sfddf lxhf] wgf{ tyf sf]0f;ef ;DkGg eof] .
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmntfdf k'¥ofpg] b[9tf df]/ª . k|ltudglj¿4 lg/Gt/ ;+rflnt zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ng cGtu{t lxhf] lj/f6gu/df dlxnfx¿åf/f lj/f]w sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . hgcfGbf]ng rf]sdf e]nf eO{ wgf{ lb+b} cfwf 306f uuge]bL gf/f 3GsfPkl5 h'n';åf/f ahf/ kl/qmdf ul/Psf] lyof] . k'gM hgcfGbf]ng rf]sd} cfO{ lj/f]w ;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
;efnfO{ cg]d;+3sf] tkm{af6 u+uf 8fFuL tyf efuL/yf l;6f}nf, ld/f u'¿ª, g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sf] tkm{af6 /fg'b]jL clwsf/L, cg]d;+3 -hgdf]rf{_sf] tkm{af6 ;Ltf kf]v/]nn] ;Daf]wg ub}{ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf ;r]t dlxnfx¿ ;fdGtL tyf lg/+s'z zf;gsf] k"0f{tM ljkIfdf /x]sf] :ki6 kfb}{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmntfdf gk'¥ofO{ lj>fd glng] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP .
-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/ a'n]l6gaf6_

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

cfh cf7;o eGbf a9L cfGbf]ngsf/L lu/km\tf/

clk|n @(, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . cfh kfFr kf6L{n] lbpF;f] #=#) ah] Go'/f]8af6 h'n'; lgsfnL slyt b+ufu|:t If]q / lgif]wf1fsf] pgGtL;f}+ lbg klg pNn+3g u/]sf 5g\ . cfhsf] cj1f h'n'zsf] g]t[Tj ug'{ePsf g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/L, :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:o Pj+ pkTosf OGrfh{ cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, lji0f' kf}8]n, s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? /3'hL kGt / /3'jL/ dxf;]7, /fli6"o;efsf pkfWoIf /fdlk|t kf;jfg, u+ufnfn t'nfw/, /fh]Gb| uf}td, uf}/f k|;fO{, ;Togf/fo0f ofbj, lzj s+8]n, s]bf/ If]qL, k|bLk s6'jfn, s'n s'Fj/, z]/axfb'/ tfdfË nufot *)) eGbf a9L cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . To;dWo] #)) nfO{ bz/y /+uzfnfdf / cGonfO{ k|x/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg dxf/fhu+hdf /flvPsf] 5 .
o;cl3 h'n'zn] ;'gwf/f, Go'/f]8 / zfg]jflg cufl8 k|x/Lsf] 3]/f tf]8]sf] lyof] . h'n'; 3]/f tf]8]/ /Tgkfs{tkm{ nfUbf k|x/Lsf] cfqmd0fsf] qmddf k|x/L;Fu cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] eLif0f eL8Gt eof] . o;qmddf chDa/ sfªjfª ;lxt bh{gf} cfGbf]ngsf/L 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . k|x/Ln] h'n';df cGwfw'Gw laiffn' Uof; k|of]u ug'{sf ;fy} lgd{dtfk"j{s nf7L rfh{ u/s]f lyof] .
cfh} g]skf -Pdfn]_ åf/f pks]Gb| ^ cGt/ut sf]6]Zj/af6 gofF afg]Zj/, d}tLb]jL x'Fb} k'tnL;8s;Dd h'n'; k|bz{g eof] . pQm h'n';n] @ j6f 6"s / Pp6f ;+:yfgsf] uf8Lsf] xfjf v':sfOlbP/ lu/km\tf/ ePsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ k|x/Lsf] k~hfaf6 lkmtf{ lnof] . To;qmddf cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf /fds'df/ a:g]t 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .

cfGbf]ngk|lt cGt/f{li6"o rf;f] a9fOof]
sf7df8f}+ . blIf0fk"jL{ PlzofnL ;~hfn ePsf] km/]g s/]:kf]08]G; Snj ckm yfONof08 / kmf]/d Plzofn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] …g]kfndf rfn' /fhg}lts åGå / lx+;fÚ ljifos uf]i7Ldf efu lnO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn cfh sf7df8f}+ kmls{g'eof] . pQm sfo{qmddf pxfF Psn jQmf x'g'x'GYof] . dxf;lrj g]kfnn] To; cf};/df ;xefuL Pjd\ kqsf/x?åf/f p7fOPsf ;a} vfn] lh1f;fsf] ;dfwfg lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmdn] cfGbf]ngsf ;Gbe{df cGt/f{li6"o If]qdf km}nfOPsf e|dx? lrg{ / k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfsf] cfGbf]ngk|lt cGt/f{li6"o rf;f] tyf P]Soa4tf a9fpg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefu k|d'v k|bLk g]kfnn] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .

k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug]{ txsf] prfOdf cfGbf]ng
sf7df8f}+ . cfh laxfg g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldlt ;lrjfnosf] a}7s s]Gb|Lo sfof{no dbggu/df a:of] . a}7sn] rfn' hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ cem ;zQm, k|efjsf/L / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg lgDg lg0f{o u¥of] M-
!= kf6L{åf/f ;+rflnt sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t sfo{qmdnfO{ cem ;zQm / k|efjsf/L agfpg sf7df8f}+df pknAw kf6L{ :yfoL sld6L ;b:ox?, kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6L ;b:ox?, s]Gb|Lo lgsfo / s]Gb|Lo ljefusf ;b:ox?, /fli6"o ;efsf ;f+;bx?, k"j{ ;f+;bx?, ;Dk"0f{nfO{ k|To]s lbg cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmddf clgjfo{ pkl:yt x'g lgb]{zg lbg] .
@= sf7df8f}+df j}zfv @! ut] ul/g] k|ltudglj/f]wL hgk|bz{g tyf ;efnfO{ eJo tyf ;zQm agfpg pkTosfdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] !% j6} pks]Gb|af6 Jofks h'n'z;lxt /Tgkfs{ cfpg cfx\jfg ug]{
#= k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx?df ljleGg 9+un] P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ul//x]sf k|fWofks, lzIfs, lrlsT;s, OlGhgLo/, sfg"g Joj;foL, n]vs-snfsf/, dhb"/ tyf ls;fg ;+3 ;+:yf, dlxnf, pTkLl8t hflt, ckfË, k]zfsdL{, sd{rf/L, pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nufot ;Dk"0f{ tx / tKsfsf k|hftGqk]|dL ;+:yf tyf JolQmx?nfO{ cf-cfkm\gf klxrfg;lxt @! ut]sf] sfo{qmddf cfpg cfx\jfg ug]{ .
s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/Låf/f cfh hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ng k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug]{ txsf] prfOdf k'u]sf] hgfp+b} j}zfv @! ut] sf7df8f}+df x'g] eJo lj/f]w k|bz{g tyf hg;efdf ;fd]n eO{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmn agfpg ;Dk"0f{ k|hftGqk|]dL hg;d'bfonfO{ xflb{s cfx\jfg ul/Psf] 5 .

nfnl6g afn]/ k|hftGqsf] vf]hL
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn jf/ Pzf]l;P;gn] b]ze/Lsf cbfnt kl/;/df ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, sfg'gsf] zf;g / dfgjclwsf/ x/fof] egL nfnl6g afn]/ vf]hL sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . o;qmddf cfh ;jf]{Rr cbfnt af/df cfj4 sl/a #)) hgf sfg'g Joj;foLx?n] lbpF;f] @ b]lv # ah];Dd ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] Jofg/ 6fFuL nfnl6g afn]/ wgf{ ;DkGg u/] . pQm cj;/df cfof]lht sfo{qmdnfO{ ;'jf; g]DjfË, /fw]Zofd clwsf/L, l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]n, k'ikf e';fn, o1d'lt{ aGhf8], g]kfn af/sf cWoIf zDe' yfkf / ;lrj dfwj afF:sf]6fn] ;+af]wg ug'{eof] .
ljBfyL{x?n] cfh c:sn SofDk;, z+s/b]j SofDk; cufl8 / u0ftGqdfu{ nufotdf ;/sf/L uf8L u'8\g glbg] / k|ltufdLnfO{ lx+8\g glbg] sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/] . o;qmddf k'tnL;8sdf l8P;kL hulbz rGbdfly ljBfyL{x?n] cfqmf]; kf]v]sf 5g\ .

ef]nL bz 7fpFdf ;8s wgf{ sfo{qmd
sf7df8f}+ . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] hgcfGbf]ng kl/rfng sld6Ln] ef]nL ljxfg *=#) b]lv (=#) ah];Dd pkTosfsf ljleGg bz 7fpFdf ;8s wgf{ sfo{qmd ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
sfo{qmd cg';f/ sn+sLdf s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7, ci6nIdL zfSo / z+s/ kf]v/]n, uf]+ua'df /fh]Gb| >]i7, gf/fo0fuf]kfn rf]sdf k|sfz Hjfnf, rfjlxndf ljBfb]jL e08f/L, x]d/fh /fO{ / k|bLk 1jfnL, k'Nrf]sdf s]zj a8fn / /3' kGt, ;Nnf3f/L eQmk'/df o'j/fh sfsL{ / pld{nf cof{n, afnfh' df5fkf]v/Ldf l8NnL dxt, sf]6]Zj/ rf]sdf kz'klt rf}nfufO{, d}ltb]jLrf]sdf eLd Gof}kfg]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;8s wgf{ x'g] ePsf] 5 . jfg]Zj/ rf]sdf klg ;8s wgf{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .

k|ltufdL s'tTjnfO{ k/f:t ug{ cfXjfg
g]skf -Pdfn]_ ;lxt kfFr k|d'v /fhgLlts kf6L{ k|ltudg lj?4 ;zQm hgcfGbf]ngdf plq/x]sf 5g\ . cfh klg sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf ljleGg 7fpFx?df ljxfg}b]lv k|ltudg lj/f]wL sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
cfh ljxfg g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] If]qkf6L / nug sdf08sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ljutsf b'O6} :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ¥ofnL ;DkGg eof] . Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7 / /fh]Gb| >]i7sf] g]t[Tjdf If]qkf6Laf6 lg:s]sf] pQm h'n'; ;x/sf ljleGg efux? /QmsfnL, g/b]jL, o6vf, Kofkmn, a;Gtk'/, lrs+d'un x'Fb} h};Lb]jn k'lu sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . h'n';sf] ;'?jftdf If]qkf6Ldf k'j{ j8fWoIfx? !& sf dx]Gb|ljnfz hf]zL / @^ sf Zofd lrqsf/ tyf h'n';sf] ;dflKtkl5 ePsf] sf]0f;efnfO{ !% sf k"j{ cWoIf hLjg/fd >]i7 / @! sf ljBf;'Gb/ zfSon] ;+jf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;Daf]wgsf qmddf pxfFx?n] hgtfaf6 c:jLs[t k|ltufdLx?n] k|ltudgsf] l6sf nufP/ s]xL lbg tfdemfd u/] klg hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngaf6 ;bfsf nflu ;dfKt x'g] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ To:tf s'tTjnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;a}nfO{ rfn' hgcfGbf]ngdf ;fy lbg cfXjfg ug'{eof] . pxfFx?n] :yfgLo ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu klg To:tf s'tTjsf] k/fho clgjfo{ ePsf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] .
o;}u/L cfh klg Pdfn] af}4 hf]/kf6L sdf08n] 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd u/]sf] lyof] . Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x]d/fh /fO{ / sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sld6L ;b:o s[i0f /fO{sf] cu'jfOdf pQm sfo{qmd ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L, dxf/fhu+h rqmky sdf08sf] a}7s Pdfn] j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|sfz Hjfnfsf] cWoIftfdf a;L ljleGg sfo{qmdx? 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .

dlxnf kl/rfng pksld6L u7g
sf7df8f}+ . k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf a9fpg / dlxnfaLr k|rf/ sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ sn+sL pks]Gb|df …hgcfGbf]ng dlxnf kl/rfng sld6LÚ u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
$% hgf ;b:o /x]sf] pQm sld6Lsf] ;+of]hs ;Ltf kf}8]n, pk;+of]hs ;ljtf clwsf/L / ;lrj ljGb' >]i7 x'g'x'G5 .

u0ftGqsf] kIfdf ckf/ dt
sf7df8f}+ . a'6jn ax'd'vL SofDk;df cfh ;DkGg gd'gf hgdt ;+u|xdf s"n @!@^ dt v;]sf]df @)@! dt u0ftGqsf] kIfdf k/]sf] 5 . o:t} ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf @& / ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kIfdf @) dt /x]sf] 5 eg] %* dt ab/ ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, ljGbjfl;gL ;+:s[t ljBflk7 kf]v/fdf lxhf] ;DkGg gd'gf hgdt ;+u|xdf s"n !)% dt v;]sf]df (( dt u0ftGqsf] kIfdf k/]sf] 5 . ToxfF $ dt ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / @ dt ;lqmo /fhtGqsf kIfdf /x]sf] 5 .

dlxnf h'n'z
emfkf . clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3, emfkfsf] cfof]hgfdf cfh latf{df]8df dlxnf h'n'; k|bz{g tyf ;ef eof] . To; ;efdf d]gsf sfkm\n] nufotsfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . h'n';df &)) cfGbf]ngsf/L dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
To;}u/L, cfh} la/f6gu/df klg dlxnfx?sf] h'n'z k|bz{g eJotfsf ;fy ePsf] 5 .

dx]Gb|gu/df /fhfsf] lj/f]w
;'g;/L . lxhf] dx]Gb|gu/ uflj;sf] rqm3§L ahf/df lbpF;f] ;+v3f]if ;lxtsf] lj/f]w k|bz{g nueu afx|;o sof{stf{ hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg eof] . pQm k|bz{g e}/x]sf a]nf :yfgLo lzIfsx?sf] h'n'; cfGbf]ngdf P]Soa4tf hgfpFb} d"n h'n';df ;dflxt x'g cfPsf] lyof] . ;dfkgsf] sf]0f;efdf g]skf -Pdfn]_ lhs ;lrjfno ;b:o lji0f' e§/fO{, g]kfnL sfFu|]; lhs; lbk]Gb| lai6 tyf lzIfs o'lgogsf k|ltlglw s]zj ltlD;gfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

88]Nw'/fdf cfGbf]ngsf] emf]Ssf
88]Nw'/f . s]xL lbg clw oxfF sfnf] em08f ;lxt k|bz{g tyf sf]0f;ef ePsf] 5 . To; sfo{qmddf dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/, sfg'g Joj;foL, lzIfs, k|fWofks, ljBfyL{, dlxnf, Jofkf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf / P]Soa4tf /x]sf] lyof] .
o;af6 ltlNdnfPsf] k|x/L k|zf;gn] cg]/f:jljo'sf nf]s]Gb| lji6 / g]lj;+3sf gj/fh d8}nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof] . To; lj?4 tTsfn} ahf/ aGb ul/g'sf ;fy} h'n'z k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . ef]lnkN6 klg ljBfyL{x?sf] h'n'z lgl:sP kl5 tL ljBfyL{ g]tfnfO{ l/xf ug{ k|x/L k|zf;g afWo ePsf] lyof] .
8u]Nw'/fdf d;fn h'n'; k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}aLr, cfh u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf ;dGjo ;ldlt 88]Nw'/fsf] cfof]hgfdf …zflGt / ljsf; xfd|f] k|lta4tf, k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf xfd|f] P]Soa4tfÚ eGg] d"n gf/f ;lxt lhNnfdf sfo{/t ;Dk"0f{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf P]Soa4tf ¥ofnLsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;]tf] u'/fF; afn ljsf; ;dfhsf] sfof{no t'kmfg8fF8faf6 ¥ofnL ;'? eO{ lhlj; sfof{no, lhk|sf x'Fb} 88]Nw'/f ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L eLdbQ rf]s k'uL ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . ljqmdaxfb'/ zfxL, l;4/fh e§ clwjQm wd{/fh pk|]tL, lzj/fh tfd|fsf/n] k|hftflGqs clwsf/sf] af/]df af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/ a'n]l6gaf6_

em/L kfgLn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ 5]s]g

sf7df8f}+ clk|n @*, @))$

cfh sf7df8f} pkTosfdf laxfgb]lv g} av]{em/L k/]sf] lyof] . cfGbf]ngdf hg;xeflutfk|lt ;fdfGohgx?n] k|Zg klg p7fPsf lyP . t/ bs]{em/Ln] klg cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{ ;s]g . k|ltudgnfO{ k/flht u/]/} 5f]8\g] c7f]6 af]s]sf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] em/Lsf] lr;f];Fu kf}+7]hf]/L v]Nb} cfh lbpF;f] ;f9] tLg ah] gofF ;8ssf] lkknaf]6af6 h'n'; lgsfn]sf lyP . pQm h'n';sf] g]t[Tj g]skf Pdfn]sf o'j/fh 1jfnL, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;'lzn sf]O/fnf tyf hgdf]rf{sf lnnfdl0f kf]v/]nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm h'n';df /fh]Gb| >]i7 / l8NnLaxfb'/ dxt ;lxtsf cGo s]Gb|Lo g]tfx? klg ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] .
pQm h'n';n] gu/kl/qmdf u/L aL/ c:ktfn cufl8af6 /Tgkfs{ k|j]z ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf] lyof] . ;'/Iff kmf}hn] an k|of]u u/]kl5 ToxL+ eL8Gt ePsf] lyof] . ToxL+af6 g]skf Pdfn]sf g]tf o'j/fh 1jfnLnfO{ ;/sf/n] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
c:sn / SofDk; /f]8df laBfyL{sf] ca/f]w cfh klg sfod /Xof] . kfgL kl//xFbf 6fo/ klg aln/x]sf] lyof] . cf/=cf/= SofDk; cufl8 k|x/L;Fu ljBfyL{sf] em8k k/]sf] lyof] .
kfgLdf ?em]/} k|/fo';+3, g]kfnn] k|ltudgsf] lj/f]wdf / cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf gf/f 3GsfpFb} lbpF;f] h'n'z lgsfNof] . afuahf/af6 lg:s]sf] h'n'z /Tgkfs{ k'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u¥of] . em8kdf k|/fo';+3sf cWoIf uf]s0f{ lai6, eujtL v8\sf nufot Ps bh{g sfo{stf{x? 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .
o;afx]s ;+3sf] !)) hgf eGbf a9L g]tf, sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ bz/y /+uzfnfdf /flvPsf] 5 . lu/ˆtf/ x'g]df /jLGb| clwsf/L, chDj/ sfËjfË, hLjg/fd >]i7, led s]=;L, ul/df zfx, ddtf lu/L, gf/fo0f kf08], k|]d dxh{g, Ohg a/fn, xl/axfb'/ /fO{, ;Togf/fo0f ofbj, k|bLk s6'jfn, x:t kl08t, xf]dgfy ;fksf]6f, rGb|axfb'/ zfxL, pd]z s'O{+s]n, dx]z j:g]t, dfwjk|;fb cof{n, hLjg jd nufotsf x'g'x'G5 .
cfh} lbpF;f] ;f9] b'O ah] sf7df08f} xf]6n /]i6'/]06 Aoj;foL ;+3, g]kfn xf]6n Aoj;foL ;+3 / g]kfn u]i6xfp; Aoj;foL ;+3n] cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soj4tf hfx]/ ub}{ ;+o'Qm h'n'; k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . gofF ;8ssf] u]6 glhs k'u]sf] pQm h'n';dfly ;'/IffsdL{n] cfqmd0f u/L ;+3sf cWoIfx? gf/fo0f >]i7, dx]Gb| v8\sf / ofd >]i7 ;lxt !@% hgfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] lyP .
o; cl3, cfh laxfg sfnLdf6L sn+sL pks]Gb| cfGbf]ng kl/rfng sld6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf sflndf6Laf6 k'tnf ;lxtsf] h'n';åf/f 6+s]Zj/, tfxfrn x'Fb} ;f]N6Ldf]8df cfO{ k|ltudgsf] k'tnf bxg ug]{ sfo{ ;dkGg eof] . sfo{qmddf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf pks]Gb|sf g]tf ci6nIdL zfSo, kf6L{ cg'zf;g lg/LIf0f sld6Lsf ;efklt a]b'/fd e';fn, k'ik sF8]n, u'? a'nf{sf]6L, u+ufnfn t'nfw/sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . k'tnf bxgkl5 s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7n] sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

k|hftflGqssf] ¥ofnLdf x:tIf]k
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ n] cfh ljzfngu/ b]lv /Tgkfs{;Dd c;f]h !* sf] zfxL sbdsf lj?4 lj/f]w ¥ofnL u/]sf] 5 .
\lgjt{dfg pk;efd'v lrqn]vf ofbj / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o eLds'df/L a'9fsf] g]t[Tjdf lg:s]sf] h'n'z k'tnL;8sdf k'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/]sf] lyof]. h;sf sf/0f ;Ltf u'?ª 3fOt] x'g' ePsf] 5 . h''n'z /Tgkfs{ k'Ubf k|x/Ln] ofbj, a'9f, k|e'/fd a:g]t, OGb|dl0f clwsf/L, ch'{g yfkf ;lxt #)) hgfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] 8f= ldg]Gb| l/hfnn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] 5 .
hgcfGbf]ng a'n]l6gaf6

gofF jif{ dgfpg] qmd hf/L

z/0f s];L
hd{gL, clk|n @*, @))$

hd{gLsf] u]Nh]glqmv]g zx/df /x]sf] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:yf nfnLu'F/f; kl/jf/n] ut clk|n !( sf lbg ljljw sfo{qmd u/L g]kfnL gofF jif{ dgfof] .
nfnL u'F/f; kl/jf/sf cWoIf ofbj ;'Aafsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmdsf cfuGt'sx?nfO{ ;f]xL ;+:yfsf ;Nnfxfsf/ /fd /fO{n] ;+:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbb}+ pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf csf{ jQmf hgs kf7sn] b]zsf] jt{dfg cj:yf s]nfpFb} ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj/f]w ub}{ lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo ug{ hgo'4 cufl8 al9/fv]sf] x'Fbf o;nfO{ ljb]zdf a:g] xfdL g]kfnLx?n] klg ;dy{g ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df csf{ jQmf pQd a:g]tn] ;+u7gsf] cf}lrTo snf, wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;dfhnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] p2]Zo x'g'k5{ eGb} ljqmd ;Djt\sf] k|rngsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] pxfFn] gofF jif{ dgfpg'sf] cf}lrTo ljutsf sdL sdhf]/LnfO{ x6fP/ gofF z'e sfo{sf] z'?cft ug]{ k|0f ul/g' / To;a]nfdfq o;sf] ;fy{stf /xg hfG5 eGg'eof] .
z'esfdgf lbg] qmddf dfpG6 Pe/]i6 cu{gfOh]zgsf k|ltlglw ljgo u'?ªsf ;fy} d'gf /fO{, cGh' l3ld/], ldg nfdf, dfwj n'O{+6]n / lgzf u'?ªn] klg x'g'x'GYof] .
g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf] klg klxrfg ug]{ x]t'n] o; sfo{qmddf cfsif{ssf] ?kdf sdnf bfxfn, ljsn bfxfn, c?0ff / O{zf kf}8]n, ;'lgn u'?ª / >4f zdf{4f/f ljleGg e]ife"iffdf g[To k|:t't ubf{sf] If0fdf g]kfndf g} ePsf] cg'e"lt bz{sx?n] u/]sf lyP .
;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnL ;f+lutLs ;d'xsf tf/f g]kfnL / lx/f g]kfnL4f/f k|:t't uLtn] sfo{qmdnfO{ cem /f]rs agfPsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng nfln u'F/f; kl/jf/sf ;lrjn] ;a} cfuGt'sx?nfO{ goFf jif{sf] z'esfdgf lbb}+ z'? ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

-hg cfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd lg/Gt/ ;+rfng x'g]

sf7df8f}+ clk|n @&, @))$

s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldltsf] sfo{bnsf] cfh a;]sf] a}7sn] lgDg lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 M -

!= k|ltudgsf] pkh c;+j}wflgs, cg'Q/bfoL tyf hg;dy{g gePsf] ;/sf/sf] ljBdfgtf, k|ltudgsf] sf/0f pTkGg clglZrttf Pj+ cl:y/tf / k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ng tLa| aGb} uO/x]sf] cj:yfsf ;Gbe{df lgs6 eljiodf x'g uO/x]sf] g]kfn ljsf; d~rsf] a}7sdf xfd|f] ;xeflutf x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . t;y{ o:tf] cj:yfdf g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u ul/cfPsf bft[ /fi6"x?nfO{ pQm a}7s :ylut ug{ cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
@= zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] lbg j}zfv @! ut ] lgDg sfo{qmd ug]{,
s= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] xsdf lbgsf] #=#) ah] /Tgkfs{df k|ltudg lj?4 a[xb lj/f]w;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5 / ;f] ;efnfO{ /fhgLlts bnx?sf lzif{:y g]tfx? dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, clds z]/rg, gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] / e/tljdn ofbjn] ljz]if ;Da]fwg ug'{x'g]5 . pQm sfo{qmddf ;xof]u, ;dy{g tyf ;xeflutfsf] nflu ;a} ju{, k]zf / Joj;fosf hg;d'bfonfO{ xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5f}+ .
v= b]zofkL ?kdf lhNnf hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldltlx?n] h'n'z k|bz{g, lj/f]w;ef, k'tnf hnfpg], d;fn h'n'; / wgf{ nufotsf ljljw sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{5g\ .
#= k|ltudg lj?4 lj/f]w / cj1fsf b}lgs sfo{qmdx? b]zJofkL?kdf lg/Gt/ ;+rfng x'g]5g\ .

xf]6n /]:6'/fF Joj;foL pqg]
sf7df8f}+ . sf7df8f}+ xf]6]n /]i6'/]06 Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf gf/fo0f >]i7, g]kfn xf]6]n Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf dx]Gb| v8\sf, g]kfn u]i6xfp; Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf ofd >]i7n] cfh ;+o'Qm k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
pQm k|]; lj1lKtdf oL tLg ;+:yfsf] cfof]hgfdf Go'/f]8sf] ;+s6f dlGb/af6 ef]ln lbp+;f] @ ah] ;+o'Qm?kdf k|ltudglj/f]wL P]Soa4tf ¥ofnLsf] cfof]hgf ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 .

cfGbf]ngdf ;of}+ lu/km\tf/
sf7df8f}+ . cfh g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL sld6L ;b:o s]zj a8fnsf] g]t[Tjdf gofF ;8saf6 ;'? ePsf] h'n'zn] k|x/L 3]/f tf]8\b} nug, h};Lb]jn x'Fb} zx/sf d'Vo efu 3'd]/ gofF ;8sd} wgf{ lbPsf] lyof] . w8ks8sf] qmddf s]zj a8fn, uf]s0f{ lji6, chDa/ sfËjfË, k|]d s'Fj/, /fhg /fO{, Ohg a/fn, lzj s+8]n, czf]s sf]O/fnf, arg b]phf, t'nk|;fb s+8]n, cd/axfb'/ yfkf, ;'/]z dNn, uf]s'n a'9f, /fhaxfb'/ a'9f, e"ld lqkf7L nufot ;of}+ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
cfhsf] k|x/L bdgdf Pdfn] lrtjg lhNnf sld6Lsf pk;lrj ljho ;'j]bLsf] 6fpsf] km'6]/ uDeL/ xfntdf jL/ c:ktfndf pkrf/ e}/x]sf] 5 . cGo 3fOt]x?df k|/fo';+3sf pkfWoIf z]/axfb'/ tfdfË / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o dx]z j:g]t x'g'x'G5 .
k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ng P]Soa4tf ;+3if{ ;ldltsf] cfXjfgdf k|hftGqsf] axfnL, dfgjclwsf/sf] Uof]/G6L / 6"]8o'lgog clwsf/ /Iffsf vflt/ cfh /fli6"o aLdf ;+:yfg, /fli6"o afl0fHo a}+s, g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f, zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud, uf]/vfkq ;+:yfg, /fli6"o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt / 3/]n' ljsf; ;ldltsf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nox?df lj/f]w;ef / e]nf sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .

sd{rf/Lx? klg lu/km\tf/
sf7df8f}+ . kfFr kf6L{åf/f ;~rflnt k|ltudglj/f]wL ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf cfh klg pkTosfdf ljljw sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
cfh lbpF;f] kfFr kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm lhNnf hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt sf7df8f}+sf] a}7s a;L cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem yk k|efjsf/L agfpg ljleGg sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]s]f 5 . oxL a}zfv @) ut] ljxfg & ah] :joDe'df ;efsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ / pQm ;efnfO{ kfFr kf6L{sf zLif{ g]tfx?n] ;+jf]wg ug]{ sfo{qmd 5 .
cfh} sf7df8f}+df k|ltudg lj?4 lqlj sd{rf/L ;+3sf] P]Soa4tf h'n'; lg:s]sf] 5 . afuahf/af6 lg:s]s]f pQm h'n';af6 lqlj sd{rf/L ;+3sf ;efklt s'df/ x'dfufO{, dxf;lrj of]u/fh /fO{, bnaxfb'/ v8\sf, lqlj lzIf0f c:ktfn sd{rf/L ;+3sf ;efklt w|'a nD;fn, 6xnaxfb'/ v8\sf, ;d|f6 t'DafxfDkm] nufot ^) hgf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . pxfFx?nfO{ ;z:q k|x/Lan xnrf]sdf /fv]s]f 5 .
g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] cfof]hgfdf cfh laxfg sflndf6Laf6 ;'?ePsf] k|ltudg lj/f]wL h'n'z 6+s]Zj/ 5fpgL x'Fb} tfxfrndf cfP/ ;DkGg eof] .
cfh} laxfg kfFr kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf nlntk'/sf] s'k08f]ndf *=@) b]lv (=)) ah];Dd rSsfhfd sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] g]t[Tj Pdfn] :yfoL sld6L ;b:o s]zj a8fn, s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? /3'hL kGt, /3'jL/ dxf;]7 / k"j{ ;f+;b s[i0fnfn dxh{gn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
lhNnf hgcfGbf]ng kl/rfng sld6L eQmk'/sf] a}7s cfh Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o o'j/fh sfsL{sf] pkl:yltdf eQmk'/df ;DkGg eof] . pQm a}7snfO{ ;+jf]wg ub}{ sfsL{n] /fhfn] bz{ge]6sf] gf6s /r]/ hgtfnfO{ em'Sofpg] / rfn' hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ lg:t]h kfg]{ k|of; u/]klg hgtfn] To;nfO{ /fd|};Fu a'em]sf] s'/f JoQm ub}{ k|ltudgsf/Lx?nfO{ k/f:t gu/];Dd cfGbf]ngnfO{ hf/L /fVg cfXjfg ug'{eof] .
cfh} ljxfg rfjlxndf lah'nL dhb'/x?n ] k|ltsfTds la/f]w:j?k Ps 306f lah'nLsf] lrd afnL k|ltudgsf] lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ .

SofDk; cufl8 ;/sf/L uf8L u'8]gg\
sf7df8f}+ . ;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] cfh klg clw/fHoe/ SofDk; xftf / To;sf cufl8 ;/sf/L uf8L u'8\g lbPgg\ / k|ltufdL tTj lx+8]gg\ .
laxfg} ;f9] cf7 ah] kf6g SofDk;af6 lg:s]sf] h'n';n] sfg'g ;'wf/ cfof]usf cWoIf lg/+hg yfkf r9\g] af=!`=#%@! gDa/sf] lgzfg sf/df cfuf] nufO{ Wj:t kfl/lbPsf] 5 . o; }u/L lqrGb| cufl8sf] ;8sdf sAhf hdfpg] qmddf k|x/Lsf] cfqmd0faf6 clvnsf ;lds a8fn 3fOt] x''g'ePsf] 5 . /Tg/fHo nIdL SofDk; cufl8sf] u0ftGq dfu{df klg ljBfyL{x?n] lbge/L k|bz{g u/] . cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj 7fs'/ u}/]n] hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/;Fu eGg' eof] - cfh sxL+ st} ;/s/L uf8L u'8]gg\, k|ltufdL tTj lx+8\gg\ .

cl;gf kfgLdf ?em\b}
sf7df8f}+. g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ n] cfh gofF afg]Zj/af6 cl;gf kfgLdf leHb} c;f]h !* sf] zfxL sbdsf lj?4 k|bz{g u¥of] . pQm h'n'z k'/fgf] afg]Zj/, d}tLb]jL, l8NnLahf/ x'Fb} k'tnL;8s k'Ubf k|x/Ln] /f]sL rf/;o k|bz{gsf/Lx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]s]f 8f= ldg]Gb| l/hfnn] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . cfh lu/km\tf/ x'g]x?df ;f] kf6L{sf uf]kfndfg >]i7, ;'lznf :jf+/, /fdhgd rf}w/L, 6]saxfb'/ rf]Vofn nufotsf g]tf sfo{stf{x? /x]sf 5g\ .

d'lQm ;dfhsf]] cu'jfOdf h'n'z
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn pTkLl8t hftLo d'lQm;dfhsf] cu'jfO{df cfh /fhwfgLdf h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf] 5 . pQm h'nz' lvrfkf]v/L, ljzfnahf/ x'Fb} Go'/f]8u]6d k'Ubf k|x/Låf/f w/ks8 ul/Psf] 5 . To;qmddf lu/km\tf/ x'g]df ;dfhsf cWoIf nfnaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{, dxf;lrj lht' uf}td, OZj/L l/hfn nufot ;dhsf #$ hgf;Fu} !))
eGbf a9L 5g\ .

/fhfsf] kIfdf Ps k|ltzt
sf7df8f}+ . k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; kf]v/fdf cfh ;DkGg ePsf] gd'gf hgdt ;+u|xdf ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kIfdf s]jn ^) dt cyf{t !=!* k|ltzt dfq v;]sf] 5 . s"n v;]sf] dt %)%$ dWo] u0ftGqsf] kIfdf $*$( cyf{t (%=($ k|ltzt / ;+a}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf *( dt cyf{t !=&^ k|ltzt dt /x]sf] lgjf{rg kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ToxfF %^ dt ab/ ePsf] lyof] .
cfh} lqe'jg ax'd'vL SofDk; kfNkfdf ePsf] To:t} gd"gf hgdt ;+u|xdf s"n !$)# dt v;]sf]df u0ftGqsf] kIfdf !!(*, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf !^), ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kIfdf #) dt /x]sf] lgjf{rg kl/0ffdn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ToxfF ! % dt ab/ eof] .
o;}u/L lxhf] hgd}qL ax'd'vL SofDk; l;dnrf}/ kf]v/fdf ePsf] gd'gf hgdt ;+u|xdf s"n !*@( dt v;]sf]df u0ftGqsf] kIfdf !^#*, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf !$# / ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kIfdf @$ dt k/]sf] lgjf{rg glthfdf b]lvPsf] 5 . pQm SofDk;df @$ dt ab/ ePsf] lyof] .

cfGbf]ngdf dxf;+3sf] P]Soa4tf
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3n] hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 . dxf;+3af6 k|fKt kqdf /fhfaf6 cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQm;Fu tTsfn ;+jfb yfngL u/L pko'Qm lgsf; lgsfNg' kb{5 eGg] dxf;+3sf] cfu|x pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
dxf;+3sf sfo{afxs cWoIf cfË b]08L z]kf{åf/f k|]lift kqdf elgPsf] 5 - …k|hftGq k'gj{xfnLsf] d'Vo Ph]08f agfO{ k|d'v ;+;bjfbL k|hftflGqs /fhgLlts bnx?sf] cfGbf]ngn] tLa|tf kfPsf] 5 . k|hftGqsf] k'gj{xfnLsf] dfunfO{ ;a}lt/af6 ;dy{g / P]Soa4tf ;d]t k|s6 eO/x]sf 5g\ . o ; ;jfndf g]kfnsf pBdL Joj;foLx? klg c5't /xg ;Sb}gg\ . lsgsL k|hftGq g} g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfzfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' xf] . t/ k|hftflGqs hgcfGbf]ng hfoh / g]kfnL hgtfsf] efjgf cg's"n x'Fbf x'Fb} klg ;/sf/ d'sbz{s eP/ a;]sf] 5 . ;d:ofsf ] ;dfwfgsf] vf]lhdf vf;} Wofg gk'¥ofPsf] k|ltt x'G5 . b}lgs s/f]8f}+sf] Jofj;foLs 3f6f g]kfn h:tf] ul/a d'n'sn] Joxf]g{ afWo eO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:ylt s]xL ;do c? /x]df g]kfnsf] cfly{s l:ylt 6f6 kN6g] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . t;y{ xfdL ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn, dfcf]jfbL ;a} kIfnfO{ ljgd| cfu|x ub{5f}+ ls of] ;d:ofsf] lgsf; clanDa lgsflnof]; / d'n'sdf k|hftGqsf] k'ga{xfnL eO{ pBf]u Joj;fo lgjf{w ;+rfng ug]{ jftfj/0fsf] >[hgf ul/of]; === . Joj;flos xslxt / k|hftGqsf] k'gj{xfnLsf] nflu hf/L /x]sf] cfGbf]ngdf o; dxf;+3 P]Soa4tf hgfpFb5 .Ú

;Ldf kf/L Jofkf/ ;+3åf/f P]Soa4tf
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn lxdfno ;Ldfkf/ Jofkf/ ;+3n] lxhf] Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ eg]sf] 5 -…xfn b]zdf eO/x]sf] åGåsf] sf/0f Jofkf/ Joj;fo lbgfg'lbg k|efljt eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf Jofkf/ Joj;fo km:6fpgsf] nflu b]zdf k"0f{ k|hftflGqs Joj:yf x'g' ckl/xfo{ 5 . o; kl/k|]Ifdf xfn b]zdf eO/x]sf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ng k"0f{ k|hftGq k|flKtsf] nflu ePsf] x'Fbf Jofkf/Lx?sf] xslxtk|lt ;r]t /x]sf] o; g]kfn lxdfno ;Ldfkf/ Jofkf/ ;+3 k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngk|lt k"0f{ P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ub{5 .Ú
cWoIf b'uf{axfb'/ yfkfåf/f hf/L lj1lKtdf åGåsf] sf/0fn] Jofkf/ Joj;fodf lbgfg'lbg gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] sf/0fn] Jofkf/Lx? df/df k/]sf] x'Fbf ;dod} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu jftf{af6 ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;a} kIfnfO{ Jofkf/ ;+3n] xflb{s clkn u/]sf] 5 .

lgDg Jofkf/L ;+3sf] P]Soa4tf
sf7df8f}+ . e[s'6Ld08kl:yt sf7df8f}+ lgDg Jofkf/L ;+3 sfo{ ;ldltsf ;lrj lnnfgfy bfxfnn] cfh k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ug'{e} k|hftGq / ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf axfnLsf nflu kfFr bnåf/f ;~rflnt ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngk|lt cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf] k"0f{ ;dy{g / P]Soa4tf /x]sf] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .

lhNnf lhNnfdf lj/f]w h'n'z / rSsfhfd
s} nfnL . ;b/d'sfd wgu9Ldf lxhf] k|ltudg lj?4 tyf hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ub}{ ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf / sd{rf/Lx?sf] lj/f]w h'n'; lg:sgfsf ;fy} cfwf 306f rSsfhfd ul/Ps]f lyof] . To; kZrftsf] sf]0f;efnfO{ b'/;+rf/ ;+:yfgsf lzjbQ e§ / /fh]Gb|k|;fb hf]zL, /faf a}+ssf dx]Gb| kf08], u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+ssf gj/fh hf]zL, k|ultzLn n]vs ;+3sf o1/fh e§ zf:qL, lzIfs ;+3sf ts{/fh hf]zL, lzIfs ;+u7gsf k|]d/fh pkfWofo, af/ Pzf]l;o;gsf lgnk|;fb ltjf/L, lqlj k|fWofks ;+3sf /fdrGb| hf]zLn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePs]f lyof] .
emfkf . cfh lbp;f] @ ah] latf{df]8df emfkfnL n]vs snfsf/x?sf] ;+o'Qm h'n'; / ;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . pQm h'n';df kqsf/ tyf oftfoft If]qsf ;fy} lhNnfsf] af}l4s ;d'bfosf] ;d]t ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
afUn'Ë . afUn'Ëdf cfh k|ltudgsf] k'tnf h'n'; tyf k'tnf bxg sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . lbp;f ] !@=$% ah] dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] k|f+u0faf6 ;'? ePsf] h'n'; k'tnf af]s ]/ z+v ahfpFb} gu/ kl/qmdf u/L ahf/sf] cg;g rf]sdf k'u]/ k'tnf bxg ul/of] .
;f ] sfo{qmddf cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] tkm{af6 uf]ljGb g]kfnLn] dGtJo lbg'eof] .

?kGb]xL . cfh a]n'sf lhNnfsf ( :yfgdf Jofks d;fn h'n'; ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .kj{t . lhNnfsf] s'Zdf ahf/df k|ltudg lj?4 lj/f]w h'n'; / sf]0f;ef ;DkGg eof] . lj/f]w h'n'; ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L lzjfno rf]sdf uO{ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft eof] . pQm ;efnfO{ Pdfn] lhNnf ;lrj df]ltk|;fb kf}8]n, hgdf]rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf 6]saxfb'/ cfn] / g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] tkm{af6 ;Ltf yfkfn] ;+jf]wg ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf g]skf -Pdfn]_, g]kfnL sfFu|]; / hgdf]rf{sf sfo{stf{ Pj+ o'jf ljBfyL{x?sf] 7'nf] k+lQm ;xefuL ePsf] lyof] .
hfh/sf]6 . o;}u/L cfh} hfh/sf]6df P]Soa4tf h'n'z tyf ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . Pdfn] kf6L{ sfof{noaf6 u}/LvfnL x'Fb} 7f6Ldf k'u]/ h'n'; ;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . To; ;efnfO{ lhNnf sld6L ;lrj nfnaxfb'/ yfkf, ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ lh;L nufot lg/h cfrfo{ / l/tf /fjnn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePs]f lyof] .
;'g;/L . clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3, s[lif dhb'/ ;+3 / g]kfn ls;fg ;+3sf] cu'jfO{df cfh lbp+;f] ls;fgx?sf] lj/f]w k|bz{g ePsf] 5 . k|bz{gdf ;xefuL ls;fgx?n] xnf], sf]bfnf], xl;of af]s]sf lyP . k|bz{g kZrft ;'k/ dfs]{6 rf]sdf cfof]lht sf]0f;efnfO{ cg]ls;+3 ;'g;/Lsf cWoIf u0f]z u'/fufO{ / g]kfn ls;fg ;+3sf ;lrj lji0f' 8fFuLn] ;Daf]wg ug['{ePsf] lyof] .
lj/f6gu/ . lxhf] hgcfGbf]ng rf]sdf e]nf ePsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] k|ltudgsf] k'Tnf af]s]/ z+v ahfpFb} gf/fsf ;fy ahf/ kl/qmdf u/]sf lyP . kl/qmdf kZrft k'gM hgcfGbf]ng rf]sdf cfOk'u]/ k|ltudgsf] bfx;+:sf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . To; sfo{qmdnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf /fdnfn zfx, g]sfFsf sfdIf k/fh'nL / g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{sf afa'gGbg ofbjn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePs]f lyof] .
-hgcfGbf]ng a'n]l6gaf6_

hgsk'/df k|ltdg lj?4 Pltxfl;s k|bz{g

/f3j]Gb| zfx
hgsk'/wfd , clk|n @&, @))$

g]kfnL hgtfsf] 7'nf] Tofu / xhf/f} sf] alnbfgaf6 k'g{:yflkt k|hftGqn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d agfP klg /fhfsf] @)%( cflZjg !* ut]sf] k|ltudgsf/L 3fif0ffn] hgclwsf/ ckxl/t /x]sf] / To;sf] lj/f]wdf kfFr kf6L{ å/f ;+rflnt ;+o'Q hg cfbf]ngsf] s|ddf xfn} /fhwfgLdf ePsf] s7f]/ bdgsf] eT;{gf ub}{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngk|lt PSoj4tf k|s6 ub}{ bh{gf} k]zfut ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ;fd'lxs ?kdf lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ .
hut hggL hfgsLsf] hGde"ld / /fhlif{ hgssf] o; gu/df ;f]djf/ # ah]b]lv lg:s]sf] ljzfn h'n'; Pltxfl;s b]lvof] . xhf/f}+sf] ;xeflutfn] /fhfsf] sbd lj?4 cfd hgtf ;8sdf cf]n]{sf] ;xh} b]lvof] . hr'sfnL, g]kfn a}+s ln=, g]kfn b"/;+rf/ ;+:yfg, ljB't k|lts/g h:tf bh{gf} sfof{nx?sf >lds ;+w ;+:yfx?n] kfpg] tna / ;'ljwf sfl6g] s'/fsf] s'g} jf:tf g} gul/ k|hftGqsf] ;'/Iff / hgtfnfO{ ;j{ef}d zflQm agfpg ul/Psf] lj/f]w k|bz{gn] dWo t/fO{ tftg k'u]sf] 5 .
al/i7 kqsf/ /fh]Zj/ g]kfnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lg:s]sf] ;f] ljzfn h'n'; hgsk'/sf] s]Gb| /fhf hgssf] b/jf/ hgs rf}saf6 z'? eO{ rsf{ gf/fx? nufpb} k'gM hgs rf}sdf k'uL sf]0f ;efdf kl/0ft x'g k'u]sf] lyof] .
zflGt / k|hftGqsf] nflu PSoj4tf d+rsf ;+of]hs jl/i7 kqsf/ /fh]Zj/ g]kfnLn] k|bz{gsf/Lx?sf] h'n';nfO{ ;Djf]wg ub}{ hgtfdf ;fj{ef}d ;Qf lglxt g eP ;Dd ;+o'Qm hg cfGbf]ng hf/L /xg] jtfpg' eof] .
/fd / s[i0fsf] ;6\6f s+z, /fj0f / h/f;Gw k|j[ltnfO{ s'g} klg o'udf hgtfn] g?rfPsf]n] /fhfn] cfkm'df kl/jt{g Nofpg' k5{ cGoyf kl/0fd clt g} b'Mvb / s7f]/ x'g] atfpg' ePsf 5g\ .
k|hftGq lagf g t b]zdf zlGt :yfkgf x'g ;S5, gt ljsf; g} x'g ;S5. t;y{ b]zdf hf/L xTof, lx+;f / bdg cGtul/ ;fj{ef}d hgtfsf] vf]l;Psf] clwsf/ kgj{xfn u/fpg k|ltudg lj/f]lw zflGtk'0f{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmnagfpg x/]s k]zfut ;+w;+:yfx?n] ;xof]u ug{' cfhsf] clgjfo{tf /x]sf] s'/f ;d]t >L g]kfnLn] atfpg' eof] .
ljzfn h'n';df g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+w= g]kfn k|]; o'lgog, k|]; rf}tf/L, g]kfn k\fWofks ;+w , g]kfn jf/ Pzf]l;Pzg g]kfn d]l8sn Pzf]l;zg , g]kfn O{+lhlgol/+u Pzf]l;Pzg hgsk'/ af}l4s ;dfh ,g]kfn af}l4s d+r , g]kfn a'l4hllj kl/ifb , g]kfn k|ult lzn a'l4hLlj ;+_u7g , g]kfn lzifs ;+w ,g]kgn lzIfs d+r , g]kfn /fli6"o lzIfs ;+u7g , g]kfn 6]"8 o'lgog sfu|]; , g]kfn 6"]8 o'lgogdxf ;+w , zflGtsf] nfuL gul/s ;dfh, g]kfn g]kfn cGt/ ;+:yf sd{rf?L ;+w, ljQo sd{rf/L ;dfh g]kgn, cGt/ a}+s sd{rf/L ;+w , g]kfln ljQo a}+s sd{rf/L ;3, g]kfn :jf:yosdL{ ;+3, dlxnf ;'/If bjfj ;d'x lhNnf dlxnf clwsf/ ;/f]sf/ ;d'x , u}/ ;/sf/L dxf;+w , Pg =lh=cf]= l;=l;= ;lxt ljleGg ;+w ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflu /x]sf] lyof] .

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

cfGbf]ngnfO{ prfOdf n}}hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf

clk|n @^, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . cfh dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf] cWoIftfdf g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] :yfoL sld6Lsf] a}7s a:of] . a}7sdf jt{dfg cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{df uDeL/ 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . a}7sn] cfGbf]ngaf6 v'lDrg] xf]Og, cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem Jofks bfo/fdf n}hfg cGo cfGbf]ng/t kf6L{x¿nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g'kg]{ cfjZostfdf k'gM hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] ljhosf] s'g} ljsNk gePsf] hgfpFb} clxn];Dd /fHokIfsf sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ x]bf{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem} dflyNnf] prfOdf n}hfg'kg]{ cfjZostfaf]w a}7sn] u/]sf] 5 . a}7ssf lgisif{x¿sf ;DaGwdf g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnosf ;lrj cd[ts'df/ af]x/fåf/f hf/L lj1lKtsf] k"0f{ kf7 o;k|sf/ 5 M
!= k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngn] prfO lnO/x]sf] / cfGbf]ngdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;s[o / cu'jf e"ldsf :yflkt x'Fb} uPsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ dx;'; u/L hglj/f]wL tTjn] g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf lj¿4 km}nfPsf e|dx¿nfO{ a}7sn] ulDe/tfk"j{s lnPsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] cf/Dedf k|:t't ul/Psf] / k6s k6s bf]x¥ofOPsf] æ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf ;xefuL /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] k/fdz{ / l;kmfl/;df k|wfgdGqLsf] lgo'lQm / k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ u7g u/L k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf ug{ / dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] zflGtjftf{nfO{ ;kmn Pjd\ kl/0ffd'vL agfpg] / /fi6"nfO{ ;du|df cu|ufdL lbzfdf a9fpg' zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] nIf xf]Æ eGg] lgisif{k|lt xfd|f] kf6L{ clxn] klg klxn]h:t} b[9k|ltj4 /x]sf] s'/fdf a}7sn] ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ cfGbf]ngaf6 v'lDrg] xf]Og, cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem Jofks bfo/fdf n}hfg cGo cfGbf]ng/t kf6L{x¿nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6g' kg]{ cfjZostfdf k'gM hf]8 lbg rfxG5 .
kfFr kf6L{sf] Pstf efF8\g xfd|f]] kf6L{sf lj¿4 km}nfOPsf s'k|rf/sf] e|ddf gkg{ / hgtfsf clwsf/ k'g:yf{lkt ug]{ cfGbf]gngnfO{ cem} dflyNnf] prfOdf k'¥ofpg a}7sn] ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfodf ckLn u/]sf] 5 .
@= r}q !( ut]kl5 gofF prfOaf6 cf/De ePsf] cfGbf]ng, ce"tk"j{ ¿kdf cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . Ps dlxgfb]lv rln/x]sf] of] cfGbf]ngdf dfgj clwsf/jfbL, ;~rf/sdL{, j'l4hLjL, k]zfut Pjd\ ;fd'bflos ;+u7g, gful/s ;+3,;+:yf / ;+u7gx¿sf] ;+nUgtfn] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ljhonfO{ ;'lglZrttf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ ;a} ;xefuLx¿sf] of]ubfgsf] pRr d"NofÍg ub{5, pxfFx¿nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 / cfufdL lbgsf cfGbf]ngdf cem ;s[o Pjd\ ;zQm ;xefuLtfsf nflu xflb{s cfx\jfg ub{5 .
#= k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] ljhosf] s'g} ljsNk 5}g . t/ clxn];Dd /fHokIfsf sfdsf/afxLnfO{ x]bf{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem} dflyNnf] prfOdf n}hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf a}7sn] af]w u/]sf] 5 . o;sf nlfu cfGbf]ngsf/L kfFr bnsf ;fy+} cGo cfGbf]ng/t kIfx¿;Fu k/fdz{ u/L lg0f{odf k'Ug'kg]{ lgisif{ a}7sn] lgsfn]sf] 5 .
$= lxhf] j}zfv !# ut] /f}tx6 lhNnfsf] lj>fdk'/ uflj;sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf 3gZofd df]xg e08f/Lsf], dfcf]jfbLn] lgd{d xTof u/]sf] ;dfrf/n] xfdLnfO{ :tAw t'NofPsf] 5 . pxfF xfd|f] kf6L{sf] Onfsf sld6L ;b:o x'g'x'GYof] . a}7sn] dfcf]jfbLåf/f ePsf] xTofsf] eT;{gf u/]sf] 5 / dfcf]jfbL g]t[TjnfO{ cfkm\gf sfo{stf{nfO{ cfkm\gf 3f]lift lg0f{osf] ;Ddfg ug{ nufpg cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 .

cfGbf]ngdf Jofks hgtf uf]naGb
sf7df8f}+ . k|ltudglj?4sf] cfGbf]ngdf Jofks hgtfnfO{ uf]naGb ub}{ cfh @^ cf}+ lbg Go"/f]8af6 ;fF8] tLg ah] lg:s]sf] h'n'z leqL zx/sf ljleGg 7fpF x'Fb} ef]6flx6L k'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/]sf] 5 . h'n'z h'4zflns, OGb|rf]s, 7lx6L, c;g x'Fb} ef]6flx6L k'Ubf /fh]Gb|k|;fb kf08], ;'/]Gb| kf08], /3'jL/ dxf;]7, uf]s0f{ lji6nufotsf g]tfx?n] g]t[Tj ;DxfNg'ePsf] lyof] .
k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/L ef]6flx6Laf6 uf]s0f{ lji6, /fd]Zj/ km'ofFn, s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f, gf/fo0f vltj8f, ;'/]Gb|df]xg zdf{, gfu]Gb| rf}w/L, z]/axfb'/ s]=;L=nufot Ps 6"s cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . pQm h'n'z cufl8 a9]/ jL/ c:ktfndf k'Ubf k|x/L;Fu eL8Gt ePsf] lyof] .
cfh} clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf dlxnfx?sf] 5'§} h'n'z gofF;8saf6 If]qkf6Lnufotsf 7fpFx? 3'Db} k'gM gofF ;8s u]6 k'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/L ljBf e08f/L, ;'zLnf g]kfn, ;Ltf kf}8]n, ;f]gfd 5]h'ª nfdf, hof l3ld/], ljZj]Zj/f bfxfn, tLyf{ uf}td, ;fljqf e';fn, yddfof yfkf, uf]df b]jsf]6f / /Tg u'?ªnufotsf ^) hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . pxfFx?nfO{ k|x/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg dxf/fhu~hdf /flvPsf] 5 .

SofDk;af6 s'nkltsf] kmf]6f] x6fOof]
sf7df8f}+ . cg]/f:jljo';lxtsf ;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] SofDk;cufl8 k|ltufdL tTjx¿nfO{ lx+8\g glbg], ;/sf/L uf8L u'8\g glbg] / SofDk; dfu{ sAhf ug]{ sfo{qmd cfh klg hf/L /fv] . b]zJofkL¿kdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmdsf] qmddf z+s/b]j SofDk;df k|x/Ln] kfFr ;]n ljiffn' UofF; k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . k'tnL;8s If]q lbge/L tgfju|:t /x\of] eg] SofDk; If]qdf ;/sf/L uf8Lx¿ sxL+ klg rNg ;s]gg\ .
ljBfyL{x¿n] k|bz{gLdfu{nfO{ lxhf]b]lv u0ftGq dfu{ 3f]if0ff u/L laxfg}b]lv cfGbf]ng-sf/Lx¿nfO{ cfx\jfg u/]- …u0ftGqdfu{df xflb{s :jfut 5 .Ú /Tg/fHo, aflNdsL, g]kfn n / ljZjefiff SofDk;n] ;+o'Qm¿kdf ;f] If]qdf cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj u/L lbge/ 6fo/ afn]/ ;8s sAhf u/] . ljZjefiff SofDk;af6 lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf s"nkltsf] kmf]6f] ;kTgL x6fP/ pQm SofDk;nfO{ klg cfh u0ftGq SofDk; 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 .

pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] ;dy{g
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3n] cfh Ps k]|; lj1lKt hf/L u/L …b]zdf qmlds¿kdf emg\emg\ a9L c;xh x'Fb} uPsf] kl/l:yltk|lt ;r]t x'g'kg]{ x'gfn] pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, Joj;foLx¿ klg r"k nfu]/ a:gÚ ;Sg] cj:yf g/x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .
zflGt / k|hftGqlagf cfly{s ljsf;sf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;ls+b}g eGb} k]|; lj1lKtdf ha;Dd b]zdf /fhgLlts :yfloTj x'Fb}g, bLuf] zflGtsf] kl/sNkgf klg lg/y{s x'g] s'/f atfOPsf] 5 .
k]|; lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5-…åGåsf ;fy} cfGbf]ng nlDaPsf] v08df d'n's c¿ ;+s6df kg{ hfg] xF'Fbf o;sf] tTsfn ;dfwfgsf nflu Ps csf{sf] cl:tTjnfO{ :jLsfb}{ of] c;xh kl/l:yltnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L ;Da4 kIfaLr ;Djfbsf] dfWodaf6 dtdtfGt/ / b'/L x6fO{ zflGt axfnL Pj+ ;a}nfO{ dfGo x'g] lsl;dn] lgsf; cfpg] u/L ;/sf/sf] u7g x'g'kb{5 eGg] g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] wf/0ff 5 .Ú
…;+j}wflgs /fhtGq Pj+ ax'bnLo k|hftGqk|lt k|lta4tf bf]xf]¥ofpFb} zflGt :yfkgfs} qmddf åGbdf ;+nUg kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]t d"n wf/df NofO{ /fli6"o ;xdlt sfod u/L b]znfO{ ;+s6af6 d'Qm u/L tTsfn zflGtk"0f{ jftfj/0fsf] axfnL ul/g'kb{5 egL clw/fHosf ljleGg efuaf6 cfpg'ePsf ;b:ox¿sf] ;xeflutfdf lxhf] dxf;+3sf] ;lrjfnodf ;DkGg dxf;+3sf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;j{;Ddt lg0f{ocg';f/ g]kfnL lghL If]qsf] Psdfq ;+3Lo ;+:yf g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 ;a} kIf;Fu cfx\jfg ub{5Ú - k]|; lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 .

u'¿x¿ klg cfGbf]ngdf
sf7df8f}+ . ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf hf/L ub}{ g]kfn /fli6"o lzIfs o'lgogn] cfh /fhwfgLdf ljzfn h'n'z k|bz{g u¥of] . @))) hlt lzIfsx¿sf] ;+o'Qm h'n'z ;'Gwf/f, Go"/f]8, OGb|rf]s x'Fb} 7fpF7fpFdf k|x/L;Fu eL8Gt ub}{ ef]6flx6L k'u]sf] lyof] .
lzIfsx¿sf] h'n'zdfly ef]6flx6Ldf ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] rsf]{ cfqmd0f / Jofsk w8ks8 u/]sf lyP . To;qmddf o'lgogsf cWoIf dfwj clwsf/L, afa'/fd clwsf/L, s]zj 9sfn, s]zj e§/fO{nufot ! ;o hgf lzIfsnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 .

>Lk]r;lxtsf] k'Tnf hNof]
sf7df8f}+ . cfh laxfg & ah] g}sfkb]lv sn+sL;Dd cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿sf] h'n'; lg:Sof] . h'n'zn] sn+sLrf]sdf >Lk]r;lxtsf] k|ltudgsf] k'Tnf hnfof] . pQm h'n'zdf ci6nIdL zfSo, a]b'/fd e';fn, k'ik sF8]n, d'lQm vgfnnufot Pdfn] lhNnf sld6Lsf ;b:ox¿ lyP . h'n'zsf] cfof]hgf sn+sL-sflndf6L pks]Gb|n] u/]sf] xf] .

ef]ln d}bfgdf d'lQm ;dfh pqg]
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn pTkLl8t hftLo d'lQm ;dfhn] cfh Ps k]|; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ zfxL 3f]if0ffåf/f vf]l;Psf] hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ k'gM hgtfs} xftdf lkmtf{ ug{sf lglDt ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf cfkm\gf] klxrfg;lxt ef]ln lbpF;f] @ ah] Go"/f]8df cfkm"n] a[xb\ h'n'; lgsfNg] s'/f hgfPsf] 5 .
d'lQm ;dfhn] k|hftGqsf] nflu ;8sdf pq]sf hgtf, sfo{stf{ / g]tfx¿nfO{ b+ufu|:t If]qsf] cj1fsf] gfddf w8ks8 / lu/km\tf/ u/L em'7f d'2f nufP/ b'Mv lbg] gfnfos ;/sf/sf] /j}ofsf] klg 3f]/ lgGbf / eT;{gf u/]sf] 5 .

a'6jn-e}/xjf df]6/;fOsn ¥ofnL
a'6jn . k|ltudglj¿4 gf/f nufpFb} cfh a'6jnb]lv e}/xjf x'Fb} ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'gf}nL;Dd df]6/ ;fOsn ¥ofnL ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ¥ofnLdf sl/a @%) j6f df]6/;fOsn lyP . pQm ¥ofnL ;'gf}nLaf6 kms]{/ e}/xjfsf] b]jsf]6f rf]sdf sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . sf]0f;efnfO{ Pdfn]sf g]qk|;fb kGyL, g]sfsf /fdrGb| 9sfn, hgdf]rf{sf n]vgfy vgfn / ;b\efjgfsf cfgGb u'Ktfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cfh kf]v/fdf k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;sf] k|f/lDes sld6Lsf] kxndf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf x:tfIf/ cleofg k|f/De ePsf] 5 . jL/u~hdf lxhf] ePsf] k|bz{gdf k|zf;gaf6 ul/Psf] bdglj¿4 cfh cfx\jfg ul/Psf] …jL/u~h aGbÚ zfgbf/¿kdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{nfO{ wGojfb
sf7df8f}+ . ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{ g]kfn k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf cfh ;8sdf pq]sf] 5 . c;gaf6 z'? ePsf] df]rf{sf] lj/f]w h'n'z OGb|rf]s x'Fb} Go"/f]8 k'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/L kljqf r]Dhf]ªnfO{ 3fOt] agfPsf] 5 .
k|x/Lsf] 3]/f tyf x:tIf]k tf]8\b} pQm h'n'z jL/ c:ktfn x'Fb} /Tgkfs{ k'Ubf df]rf{sf cWoIf Pgs] k|;fO{+;lxt lji0f'axfb'/ dfgGw/, ;LkL d}gfnL, nf]sgf/fo0f ;'j]bL, hutaxfb'/ af]u6L, Clif s§]n, ;Ltf v8\sf;lxt ^) hgfnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 . g]skf -dfn]_sf j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fdrGb| anfdLsf cg';f/ pQm ¥ofnLaf6 dfn]sf hDdf #! hgf g]tf sfo{stf{nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 .
g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf]df ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{k|lt xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ePsf] 5 .

k|hftflGqssf] h'n';df k|x/L bdg
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL sf+u]|; -k|hftflGqs_n] c;gaf6 If]qkf6L, 7lx+6L, lsnfun, h'4 zflns x'Fb} Go"/f]8;Dd c;f]h !* sf] zfxL sbdsf lj?4 lj/f]w ¥ofnL u/]sf] 5 .
Go"/f]8df k'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/L cd//fh s}gL, 8f= k|sfzz/0f dxt, eQmaxfb'/ anfo/, pld{nf s]=;L=nufot !$ hgfnfO{ 3fOt] agfPsf] 5 . pQm h'n'zaf6 k|sfzdfg l;+x, lrqn]vf ofbj, /d]z l/hfn, s[i0fs'df/ hf]zL, 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, Clifs]z uf}td, 8f= gf/fo0f v8\sf, w'|j jfUn], uf]kfnhLh+u zfx, x]d/fh sf]O/fnf, w'|j/fh k'/L, Wofguf]ljGb /l~ht / ?b| zdf{nufotsf ;of}+nfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL sf+u]|; -k|hftflGqs_sf k|rf/ ljefu k|d'v 8f= dLg]Gb| l/hfnn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] h'n'zdf ePsf] k|x/L bdgsf] lgGbf / eT;{gf ug'{ePsf] 5 . k|x/Lsf] x:tIf]ksf sf/0f cfhsf] h'n'z Go"/f]8 u]6af6 cl3 a9\g g;s]sf] klg pxfFn] hgfpg'eof] .

u08sL l;+u} tfTof]]
kf]v/f . ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] /fkdf u08sL l;+u} tft]sf] 5 . lxhf] u08sLsf kfFr} lhNnf sf:sL, :ofª\hf, uf]/vf, ndh'ª / tgx'Fdf aGb tyf h'n'zx¿ zfgbf/ ¿kdf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
sf:sL hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf / ;}lgs x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]wdf ut * ut] klg aGb ePsf]n] !# ut] cfwf lbg cyf{t\ !M)) ah];Dd dfq aGb /x\of] . ;Dk"0f{ ahf/, :s"n, oftfoft 7Kk ePsf lyP . cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] ahf/ If]qdf ljleGg :yfgx¿df h'n'; ;d]t ;DkGg u/]sf lyP .
:ofª\hf lhNnfsf d'Vo-d'Vo ahf/x¿ k"0f{¿kdf 7Kk lyP eg] oftfoft, :s"nx¿ ;d]t aGb /x] . cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] lhNnfsf ahf/x¿df lbge/ gf/f h'n'; ul//x] . :ofªhf aGb eJo¿kdf ;kmn ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
uf]/vf aGb k"0f{¿kdf ;kmn /x\of] . lbge/ s'g} klg ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ rn]gg\ . ;b/d'sfdsf k;nx¿ ;]gfn] vf]Ng c¥xfP klg v'n]gg\ . cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] em08f;lxtsf h'n';x¿ ul//x] .
ndh'ª lhNnfsf d'Vo ahf/, ljBfnox¿ / oftfoft k"0f{¿kn] aGb /x]sf] s'/f hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/L-x¿n] em08f;lxtsf h'n';x¿ lgsfn]sf lyP .
tgx'F k"0f{¿kn] aGb /x\of] . lhNnfleqsf ahf/ tyf :s"nx¿ 7Kk /x] eg] oftfoft klg s'g} rn]gg\ . lhNnfsf d'Vo ahf/x¿df cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] em08f;lxtsf gf/f, h'n';x¿ u/]sf lyP .
g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefuåf/f k|sflzt hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/af6

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/x?_

hghfltx¿ cfGbf]ngdf ;lDdlnt

sf7df8f+, clk|n @%, @))$

g]kfn hghflt dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj 8f= cf]d u'¿Ësf] g]t[Tjdf cfh /fhwfgLdf hghfltx¿sf] h'n'z lg:s]sf] 5 / hf/L ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf ;lDdlnt ePsf] 5 . h'n'zdf ls/ft ofSy'd r'Dn'Ësf dxf;lrj pQd yfªb]g / ch'{g lnDa' klg x'g'x'GYof] .
e" uf]nkfs{af6 z'¿ ePsf] hghfltx¿sf] h'n'z OGb|rf]s, c;g x'Fb} ef]6flx6Ldf k'Ubf k|x/L;Fu le8Gt ePsf] lyof] . o;cl3, h'n'zsf] k|f/Dedf 8f= cf]d u'¿Ën] rfn' cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] / cfhb]lv ;Dk"0f{ hghfltx¿ cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmotfk"j{s ;xefuL ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
ef]6flx6Lsf] em8kdf 8f= cf]d u'¿Ë, b'uf{nfn >]i7, dNn s]= ;'Gb/, kljq ah|frfo{, g/]zjL/ zfSo, a'4 ;fodL, l;tf/fd tfdfË, 6+s /fO{, /Tgzf]ef s+;fsf/ / hutzf]ef s+;fsf/nufotsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]/ b'O{j6f 6"sdf sf]r]/ nluPsf] lyof] .
lu/km\tf/Ldf klg h'n'z ltt/ljt/ ePg . s[kf;'/ z]kf{ / ch'{g lnDa'sf] g]t[Tjdf k'gM h'n'z z'¿ eof] . gu / kl/qmdf u/]/ e"uf]nkfs{ d} k'uL h'n'zsf] ;dfkg eof] . ;dfkgsf] cj;/df s[kf;'/ z]kf{n] h'n'zdf ;xefuL ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lb+b} kfFr kf6L{sf] d"n h'n'zdf ;xeflutfsf] nflu cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] lyof] . :d/0fLo 5- dxf;+3nufot dw]z hfu/0f cleofg, eflifs clwsf/ ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt / cflbjf;L hghflt ;+o'Qm df]rf{ tof/L ;ldltn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf pQm h'n'; k|bz{g u/]sf] lyof] .

b'O{ lt/af6 cf]Ol/of] ljzfn h'n'z
sf7df8f}+ . cfh kfFrf}+ dgdf]xg :d[lt lbj; sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg kl5 /fli6"o ;efu[xaf6 lg:s]sf ;xefuLx¿ g} h'n'zdf kl/0ft eP . dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf] cu'jfO{df pQm h'n'; z'? ePsf] lyof] . ;efu[xsf] 9f]sf aflx/} Pdfn] g]tf cd[ts'df/ af]x/f / O{Zj/ kf]v/]nnfO{ k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u¥of] . t/klg, cGo Pdfn] g]tf e/tdf]xg clwsf/L / s]zj a8fnsf] g]t[Tjdf ljzfn h'n'; k|x/Lsf] 3]/f tf]8]/ clvn rf]sdf k'u]sf] lyof] . clvn rf]sdf k|x/L;Fu cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿sf] em8k k/]sf] lyof] .
o;}u/L, gofF;8saf6 lg:s]sf] csf]{ ljzfn h'n'z d"n;8s, c;g rf]s x'Fb} /Tgkfs{df k'u]/ csf]{ h'n'z;Fu ldl;Psf] lyof] . k|x/Lx¿n] Pdfn]sf g]tfx¿ ci6nIdL zfSo, s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7, ls/0f u'¿Ë, k|bLk 1jfnL, pld{nf cof{n, eLd /fjn, l8NnL dxt, jL/axfb'/ nfdf, huGgfy vltj8f / ljBfyL{ g]tf eQm u'¿ËnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . g]sfsf g]tfx¿ /fdrGb| kf}8]n, /fdz/0f dxt, dx]z cfrfo{ klg lu/km\tf/Ldf k/]sf 5g\ . ;f ]dk|;fb kf08], a]b/fh 1jfnL / k|/fo';+3sf ;Togf/fo0f ofbj 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L lu/km\tf/ cGodf u0f]z g]kfnL, ljBf;'Gb/ zfSo, pdf sf]O/fnf, /fd]Zj/ km'ofFn, u+ufnfn t'nfw/, ;'zLnf g]kfn, an/fd afF:sf]6f, l8NnL dxt, aL/axfb'/ ad, xl/ sfkm\n], huGgfy zdf{, hub]j ofbj x'g'x'G5 .
/Tgkfs{ df ldl;Psf] h'n'z km]l/ b'O{lt/ afFl8Psf] lyof] . Pp6f h'n'z SofDk;\ /f]8 x'Fb} k'tnL;8s k'u]sf] lyof] eg] csf]{ h'n'z afuahf/ x'Fb} k'tnL;8sdf g} uPsf] lyof] .
u08sLsf kfFrj6} lhNnfdf aGb ;fgbf /¿kdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . l;+uf] u08sL c~rn 7Kk ePsf] 5 .
cfh ;nf{xL klg aGb /x\of] . gjnk/f;Lsf] cf¿ªvf]nfdf cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx¿;Fu ;Da4 ls;fgx¿sf] h'n'z lgl:sof] . kfNkfdf cl:t cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly xdnf ug]{ d08n] b'uf{ yfkfsf] d'2f btf{ ug{ gdfg]sf] k|zf;g cfh pQm d'2f btf{ ug{ afWo ePsf] 5 .

lgdf{0f Joj;foLx¿åf/f cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn lgdf{0f Joj;foL dxf;+3sf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:o, If]qLo tyf lhNnfsf kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox¿ nufot cGo lgdf{0f Joj;foLx¿ u/L rf}jGg hgf Joj;foLn] c:tL ;+o'Qm lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ jt{dfg cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{gdf cfkm\gf] k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf 5g\ .
pQm lj1lKtdf b+ufu|:t If]qsf] 3f]if0ff lkmtf{ lng / bdgsf ultljlw tTsfn aGb ug{ dfu ul/Psf] 5 . …oyfzL3| k|ltudgnfO{ ;RofO{ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] /fhgLlts tyf cGo xs clwsf/x¿ k'gj{xfnLsf nfluÚ lj1lKtdf cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L lj1lKtdf k|:t't cfGbf]ngk|lt ;+:yfut / JolQmut¿kdf ;d]t P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ug{ g]kfn lgdf{0f Joj;foL dxf;+3, kfFrj6} If]qLo lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3x¿, ;Q/L j6} lhNnf lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3x¿ / cGo ;+3 ;+:yf Pj+ tL ;+:yf;+u ;Da4 JolQmx¿df ;d]t xflb{s ckLn ul/Psf] 5 .

;'g;/Ldf htftt} dzfn
;'g;/L . /fhwfgL s]lGb|t cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ub}{ lxhf] a]n'sf em'Dsf ahf/ / Og¿jfdf ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf lg:s]sf] d;fn h'n';n] k|ltudg lj¿4 cfjfh a'nGb u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L, lxh} ;fFem O6x/L rf]s / w/fgsf] 5ftfrf]sdf klg d;fn h'n'; k|bz{g ePsf] 5 .

klxnf] h'n';df w8ks8
sf7df8f}+ . cfh sf7df8f}+ sf] ^ gDa/ pks]Gb|af6 klxnf] h'n'z k|bz{g eof] . %)) cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;f] h'n'z sf]6]Zj/af6 k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . ToxfFaf6 tLgs'g], l;gfd+un, k'/fgf] afg]Zj/, alQ;k'tnL, d}}tLb]jL, l8NnLahf/, k'tnL;8s;Ddsf] nfdf] b'/L h'n';n] to u/]sf] lyof] . k'tnL;8sdf h'n'; k'u]kl5 k|x/L x:tIf]k;lxt Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljBfb]jL e08f/L, zfGtf dfgjL, ljZj]Zj/f bfxfn, lx/fb]jL kf]v/]n, e'jg s];L, t'nk|;fb s+8]nnufotsf ;of}+ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
cfGbf] ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ b'O{j6f 6"sdf e/]/ nluPsf] lyof] .

tTsfn l/xf ug{ dfu
sf7df8f}+ . s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] cfh Ps k]|; jQmJo hf/L ug'{ e} k|ltudgsf lj¿4 rln/x]sf] hgcfGbf]ngn] gofF prfO{ lnO/x]sf], cfGbf]ng rls{b} hfFbf /fhfsf] ;/sf/ emg\ kl5 emg\ lx+;|s / ljlIfKt aGb} uPsf] / o;} qmddf u}/ sfg"gL y'gfsf] l;nl;nfnfO{ klg a9fpFb} pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 .
jxfFn] zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gsf qmddf lxhf] lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf ;'dg >]i7, uf]kLrGb| sfsL{, ;/f]h uh'/]n, s]bf/ If]qL, yfgk|;fb u}/], ofs'4Lg ldofF, hLjg uf}td, ljho t'nfw/, l;4Ldfg ah|frfo{nufotsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ b/af/dfu{sf] jf8{ k|x/L sfof{nodf /flvPsf] hgfpFb} aGbLx¿nfO{ lagfk"hL{ oftgfsf ;fy /flvPsf]df ;/sf/L bdgsf] eT;{gf ug'{ePsf] 5 . k]|; jQmJodf pxfFn] cfGbf]ngsf qmddf lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s tTsfn l/xf ug{ hf]8bf/ dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 .

k|ltufdL / ;/sf/L uf8L k|j]z lgif]w
sf7df8f+} . ;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] cfhb]lv SofDk; xftf / cufl8sf] ;8sdf clglZrt sfn;Dd k|ltufdL tTj / ;/sf/L uf8LnfO{ k|j]z ug{ glbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ .
lxhf ] ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmd cg';f/ cfh b]zel/sf SofDk;\ If]qdf k|ltufdLx¿ / ;/sf/L uf8LnfO{ k|j]z lgif]w ul/of] . /Tg/fHo nIdL SofDk;df cfh laxfg} k|x/L k|j]z u/]sf] lj/f]wdf ;f] If]q lbge/L tgfju|:t /x\of] . cd[t ;fOG; SofDk; cufl8sf] If]qdf klg pQm sfo{qmd cGtu{t k|ltufdL tTj / ;/sf/L uf8L k|j]z ug{ k"0f{tM lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 .
;/sf/n] z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿ / SofDk;df k|x/L x:tIf]k /f]s]/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lgjf{w cfjt-hfjt ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg tyf lu/km\tf/ ;Dk"0f{ g]tf, sfo{stf{ / cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ ;-;Ddfg l/xf gu/];Dd of] sfo{qmd lg/Gt/ rln/xg] cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj 7fs'/ u}/]n] pNn]v ug'{eof] .

dgdf]xg :d[ltM hgcfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd
hfh/sf] 6 . hfh/sf]6sf] ;b/d'sfd vnËf ahf/sf] ;fd'bflos ejgdf cfh g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] dgdf]xg :d[lt sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . pQm :d[lt sfo{qmdsf jQmfx¿n] rfn' hgcfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostf / cf}lrTo dfly k|sfz kfb}{ dgdf]xg clwsf/Lk|lt >4fGhnL ck{0f u/] . b'O{ aGb'ssf] df/df lylrPsf hfh/sf]6af;Lx¿n] cfufdL a}zfv !% ut] lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf k|ltudgsf lj¿4 h'n'; / ;efsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .
g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefuåf/f k|sflzt hgcfGbf]ng a'n]l6gaf6

k|x/L lx/f;tleq g]tfx?dfly xftkft

clk|n @$, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . k|ltudgsf lj?4 kfFr /fhgLlts kf6L{åf/f ;+rflnt sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf bdg ug{ ;/sf/n] nfu" u/]sf] slyt b+ufu|:t If]q / lgif]wf1f cy{xLg ePsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] bafa, hgk|lt/f]w / Jofks pNn+3gn] ;/sf/ :jo+n] b+ufu|:t If]q k|of]hgxLg ePsf] dx;'; ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . o; qmddf nlntk'/df k'/} / sf7df8f}+sf s]xL efudf lgif]wf1f x6fpg ;/sf/ afWo ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] b+ufu|:t If]q cf+lzs?kdf x6fpg] 3f]if0ffnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] xf:of:kb gf}6+sL eGb} cfGbf]ngsf] bafan] /fHo ltlNdnfpg k'u]sf] / k/flht ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . lsgsL lbgx'F xhf/f}+ Gofok|]dL hgtf ;8sdf pq]/ slyt b+ufu|:t If]qsf] wHhL p8fpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .
o;}qmddf cfh lvrfkf]v/L Go'/f]8af6 g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL sld6Lsf ;b:o s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ci6nIdL zfSo, ljBfb]jL e08f/L, ;''/]Gb| kf08], z+s/ kf]v/]n, a]b'/fd e';fn, u+ufnfn t'nfw/ cflbsf] g]t[Tjdf lg:ssf] ljzfn h'n'zn] Go'/f]8, jL/ c:ktfn, ef]6flx6L, /Tgkfs{, afuahf/, eb|sfnL / ;'Gwf/f cflb If]qdf 7fpF 7fpFdf k|x/Lsf] 3]/f tf]8\b} slyt b+ufu|:t If]qsf] cj1f u¥of] . k|x/Ln] /Tgkfs{af6 g]tfx? cf]nL, zfSo, e08f/L, e';fn, t'nfw/ / clvnsf cWoIf /fh]Gb| /fO{ ;d]t #)) hgf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L ;z:q k|x/L ansf] k|wfg sfof{no xNrf]s / k|x/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg dxf/fhu+hdf /fv]sf] 5 . cfh lu/km\tf/ x'g]x?df OGb|d0fL k/fh'nL, ;'o{axfb'/ zfxL, w|'a l3ld/], dfwj 9'+u]n, rqm dNn, ;'dg >]i7 / ltns zdf{ cflb x'g'x'G5 . k|x/Lsf] nf7L k|xf/af6 g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf ;b:o tyf pkTosf ;+3if{ ;ldltsf ;+of]hs s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7 / efg'eQm 9sfn 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .
xNrf]sdf k'¥ofOPsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? dWo]af6 hgdf]rf{sf lnnfaxfb'/ yfkf du/ ;lxt tLg hgfnfO{ k|x/Ln] 5['6\ofpg vf]Hbf g]tf cf]nL ;lxtsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] cfklQ k|s6 ug'{eof] . To;qmddf ljjfb a9\b} hfFbf k|x/Ln] g]tf cf]nLnfO{ ;d]t xftkft ug'{sf ;fy} hjh{:tL tLghgfnfO{ cnu u/]/ a]kQf kf/]sf] 5 .
/Tgkfs{af6 afuahf/tkm{ nfu]sf] Pp6f h'n'z kb\dsGof SofDk;df k'u]/ lj/f]w ;efdf kl/0ft eof] . pQm ;efnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ci6nIdL zfSon] ;+af]wg ug'{eof] . tTkZrft pxfFnfO{ /Tgkfs{af6 k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u¥of] / pQm h'n'z k'gM /Tgkfs{, eb|sfnL, zxLbu]6, Go'/f]8 / jL/ c:ktfntkm{ nfu]sf] lyof] . Go'/f]8df k'u]sf] h'n';dfly k|x/Ln] !) /fp08 l6o/Uof; / cGwfw'Gw nf7L k|xf/ u/]sf] lyof] . To;n] ;f] If]q lgs} tgfju|:t ePsf] lyof] . sf7df8f}+df lbge/L b+ufu|:t If]qsf] cj1f ub}{ h'n';x? k|bz{g eO/x] .
/fHon] sf7df8f}+ / kf]v/fdf u/]sf] bdgsf lj?4 ef]nL ;DalGwt lhNnf hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltx?n] u08sL c~rnsf uf]/vf, nDh'ª, tgFx', sf:sL / :ofªhf / lhNnf aGb ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ u08sL c~rn OGrfh{ lqnf]rg 9sfnn] cfh Ps lj1lKt hf/L u/L k"/} u08sL c~rn aGbsf] sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ sfo{stf{ / Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfonfO{ cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] 5 . kf]v/fdf eg] ut a}vfv * ut] aGb cfof]hgf eO;s]sf] x'Fbf ef]ln ! ah];Dd dfq ahf/ aGb ug{ cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 .
/fhwfgLnfO{ slyt b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;/sf/L lg0f{osf] lj/f]w ub}{ pQm unt lg0f{o tTsfn lkmtf{ lng] r]tfjgL ;lxt ef]lnb]lv cfof]hgf ug]{ eg]sf] b+ufu|:t If]qnfO{ gfsfjGbL / /fhdfu{ hfd sfo{qmd xfnnfO{ :ylut u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . /fhwfgLnfO{ k'0f{tM b+ufu|:t If]q d'Qm ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ r]tfjgL lbb} cGoyf k'gM sbd rfNg afWo x'g] atfOPs]f 5 . cfh cfGbf]ngsf/L :yfgLo ;+oGqåf/f hf/L lj1lKtsf cg';f/ k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem} ;zQm / k|efjsf/L agfpg lj/f]w k|bz{g, wgf{, sf]0f;ef h:tf sfo{qmdx? lgoldt ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ hgfOPsf] 5 .
lrtjgsf] e/tk'/df cfh k|ltudg lj?4 ;+o'Qm hg;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . pQm ;efnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;lrj /fh]Gb|k|;fb kf08] nufotsf s]Gb|Lo jQmfx?n] ;+jf]wg ug'{eof] .
l;Gw'nLdf lxhf] dzfn h'n'; ;DkGg eof] eg] cfh w'/f ahf/af6 xl6of;Dd sl/a !))) sf] ;xeflutfdf lj/f]w ¥ofnL ePsf] Pdfn] lhNnf pk;lrj ljifdnfn bg'jf/n] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o;}u/L emfkfsf @& :yfgaf6 cfh k|ltudgsf] lj/f]wdf dzfn h'n'z lgsflnPsf] 5 .
cfh bfªdf k'u]sf u[x Pj+ ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ dGqL sdn yfkfnfO{ :yfgLo kqsf/x?n] alx:sf/ u/]sf 5g\ eg] cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx?n] sfnf] em08f b]vfO la/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . ;f] cj;/df k|x/Ln] sflGtk'/sf ;'bz{g l/hfn nufotsf kqsf/x?n] xftdf afFw]sf] sfnf]kl§ vf]:g'sf ;fy} b'Jo{axf/ u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnu~hdf sl/a %)) sf] ;xeflutfdf l;7L bf}8sf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . e]/L c~rn c:ktfnsf] rf]saf6 ;'? ePsf] l;7L bf}8 gu/ ejg, lqe'jgrf]s, lqj]0fL df]8, afu]Zj/L, 3/jf/L 6f]n x'Fb} wDaf]hL rf]sdf k'u]/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft eof] . pQm sf]0f;efnfO{ ;befjgf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o b]jL s'dL{, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf lhNnf cWoIf /]zd zdf{, g]kfnL sfFu|];sf lhNnf ;b:o tKt kf}8]n / g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf lhNnf ;b:o tyf lhkmG6sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s]zj lu/Ln] ;+jf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
ef]lnb]lv k|wfgdGqLsf] alxisf/
sf7df8f}+ . :jtGq k|];dflysf] ;/sf/L bdgsf lj?4 g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] ul//x]sf] ;+3if{k|lt P]Soa4tf hgfpFb} cfh ljleGg k]zfut ;+3;+:yfsf] ;+o'Qm P]Soa4tf ¥ofnL ;DkGg eof] .
dxf;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;+rf/u|fdaf6 lg:s]sf] pQm ¥ofnLdf g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;o;g, g]kfn lrlsT;s ;+3, g]kfn k|fWofks ;+3, blnt dxf;+3, dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh, OG;]s, g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo dxf;+3, lzIfs, n]vs, snfsf/ / a'l4hLjLx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
dxf;+3n] ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/dGqL sdn yfkfnfO{ avf{:t ug{ tyf :jtGq k|];dfly Hofblt u/]sf]df dfkmL dfUg k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ lbPsf] clN6d]6dsf] Dofb ;lsP klg To;sf] ;sf/fTds ;'g'jfO gu/]sf] lj/f]wdf pQm ¥ofnL lg:s]sf] lyof] . ef]lnb]lv dxf;+3n] k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf / ;/sf/df /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx?sf] ;dfrf/ alx:sf/ ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
cfhsf] ¥ofnL uf}zfnf, alQ;k'tnL, k'/fgf] afg]Zj/, d}ltb]jL, l8NnLahf/, k'tnL;8s, k|bz{gLdfu{, eb|sfnL x'Fb} zxLbu]6df k'uL ;dfkg eof] . pQm cj;/df af/sf 6Lsf/fd e§/fO{, OG;]ssf ;'jf]w/fh Kofs'/]n, zflGt ;dfhsf s[i0f kxf8L, al/i7 kqsf/ xl/x/ lj/xL / dxf;+3sf cWoIf tf/fgfy bfxfn nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;+jf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

8fS6/x?sf] P]Soa4tf h'n';
sf7df8f}+ . k|ltudg lj?4 hf/L ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf / :jtGq k|]; lj?4sf] ;/sf/L xdnf / HofbtLk|lt lj/f]w hgfpb} g]kfn lrlsT;s ;+3, g]kfn gl;{ª ;+3, cfo'j]{lbs lrlsT;s ;+3, Kof/fd]l8sn P;f]lzo;g / g]kfn :jf:YosdL{ ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf cfh a[xt k|bz{g / ¥ofnL ;DkGg eof] .
g]kfn lrlsT;s ;+3sf cWoIf 8f= dgf]x/nfn u'Ktf, 8f= dy'/fk|;fb >]i7, 8f= e/t k|wfg, 8f= z/b jGt / 8f= df]bgfy k|l>t nufotsf] g]t[Tjdf ;f9] !! ah] lg:s]sf] pQm P]Soa4tf ¥ofnL c4}t dfu{af6 k|bz{gLdfu{, eb|sfnL, zlxbu]6, Go'/f]8, h'4 ;flns, jL/ c:ktfn, /Tgkfs{, afuahf/, k'tnL;8s / e[s'6Ld08k x'Fb} ;f9] @ ah] c4}t dfu{l:yt ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k'u]/ ;dfkg eof] . sl/a %)) hgf lrlsT;s / :jf:YosdL{x? ;lDdlnt pQm P]Soa4tf ¥ofnLsf] ;dfkgdf ;xefuL ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] ;+jf]wg u/]sf lyP .

crDdsf] rf]/L
sf7df8f}+ . cd[t ;fOG; SofDk;sf] 5fqjf;af6 Psbh{g d'9f, @% j6f 6fo/, u0ftGq SofDk; Pl/ofdf k|ltufdL k'ln; k|j]z lgif]w n]lvPsf] Jofl/o/, em08f / /+u k|x/Ln] /ftL ! ah] rf]/L u/]s]f 5 . cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj 7fs'/ u}/]n] eGg'eof] -…of] rf]/L ug]{ c? sf]xL xf]Og, k|ltufdL k'ln; xf] eGg] xfd|f] z+sf 5 .Ú
pQm 36gfsf] lj/f]w ub}{ rf]l/Psf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfg lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ dfusf ;fy cfh laxfg}b]lv ljBfyL{x?n] ;8s hfd u/L 6fo/ afn]/ k'ln;;Fu le8Gt u/] . /Ifs g} eIfs ePsf] cfqmf];df ljBfyL{x?n] k|x/L;+u lbge/L le8Gt ul//x] . To; qmddf s]xL k|x/L 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ / lbge/ n]vgfy dfu{ tgfju|:t /Xof] .

ef]ln cflbjf;L hghfltsf] P]Soa4tf ¥ofnL
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3;lxt ljleGg cflbjf;L hghflt / eflifs ;+u7gn] rfn' ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . dxf;+3 nufot dw]z hfu/0f cleofg, eflifs clwsf/ ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt / clbjf;L hghflt ;+o'Qm df]rf{ tof/L ;ldltn] ef]ln ! ah] e'uf]nkfs{af6 ;+o'Qm P]Soa4tf ¥ofnL lgsfNg] ePsf 5g\ .
dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj 8f= cf]d u'?ª, cleofgsf k|jQmf cd/]z gf/fo0f emf, ;+3if{ ;ldltsf sf]iffWoIf /fhefO hsdL / ;+o'Qm df]rf{ tof/L ;ldltsf ;+of]hs s]jL u'?ªåf/f x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtd elgPsf] 5 - æ;f+rf] cy{df eGg] xf] eg] g]kfndf cflbjf;L hghflt tyf dw]zL ;d'bfosf] zf]if0f, bdg, pk]Iff / pTkL8g lg/+s'z ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfaf6} x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 . To;sf/0f cflbjf;L hghflt tyf dw]zL ;d'bfosf] ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf / :jfoQ zf;gsf nflu k|hftflGqs Joj:yf clgjfo{ 5 . To;}n] jt{dfg k|ltufdL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] lj?4 k|hftGqsf] axfnLsf] kIfdf b[9tfk"j{s cleP/ g} xfdLn] cfkm\gf] e"ldsfnfO{ :ki6 kfg{ ;Sb5f} . oxL dfGotfsf;fy k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf k|s6 ub}{ cfkm\gf] klxrfg / dfu;lxt …k|hftGq k'ga{xfnLsf] nflu zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngdf cflbjf;L hghflt tyf dw];L ;d'bfosf] k|lta4tf, k|ltudfdL zfxL sbd lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tfÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g ;Dk"0f{ cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL ;d'bfo tyf k|hftGqk|]dLx?df xflb{s ckLn ub{5f}+ .Æ
pQm ¥ofnLdf …:jfoQ zf;g x'g}k5{, wd{ lg/k]If /fHo x'g}k5{, eflifs :jtGqtf / ;dfgtf x'g}k5{, ;Dk"0f{ hftLo tyf If]qLo pTkL8g aGb u/, ;a}vfn] lx+;f, k|ltlx+;f aGb u/, zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod u/Ú h:tf gf/fx? nufpg] hgfOPsf] 5 . pQm lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 - æg]kfnL ;dfh clxn] cToGt ljifd kl/l:yltaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . xTof, lx+;f / k|ltlx+;fsf] >[+vnf lbgfgf]lbg a9\bf] 5 . zflGt ;'Joj:yf k|foM z'Go ePsf] 5 . c;f]h !* ut]sf] k|ltufdL zfxL sbdn] ;Lldt k|hftflGqs hgclwsf/x? ckxl/t ePsf 5g\ . To;sf/0f k|ltufdL sbdsf] lj?4 hgcfGbf]ng tLa| aGb} uO/x]s]f 5 . csf]{lt/ lg/+s'z /fhtGqnfO{ l6sfO{ /fVg] if8oGq cg';f/ s7k'tnL c;+j}wflgs Pj+ ck|hftflGqs ;/sf/n] cfGbf]ng bjfpg] clek|fon] Go'gtd dfgjclwsf/sf] ;d]t pNn+3g ub}{ kqsf/ nufotsf d'n'ssf] af}l4s ;d'bfodfly ;d]t lgn{Hh k|sf/sf] bdgrqm rnfO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] lgn{Hh, cdfgjLo, ck|hftflGqs Pj+ lg/+s'z zf;gsf] xfdL 3f]/ lgGbf Pj+ eT;{gf ub{5f}+ . of] cj:yfdf xfdL /fHo;Qfaf6 nfdf] ;dob]lv hflt, ;Dk|bfo, If]q cflbsf] ?kdf pk]lIft, pTkLl8t / zf]lift x'Fb} cfPsf cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L tyf efiffefifL ;d'bfox? d'n'ssf] k|hftGqsf] /Iffsf] ;+3if{df b[9tfk"j{s pleg / cfGbf]ngdf sfFwdf sfFw ldnfP/ cl3 a9\g cfkm\gf] bfloTj 7fGb5f}+ .Æ

cem phf{ / hf];sf ;fy cfGbf]lnt x'g cfx\jfg
sf7df8f}+ . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] kfFrf} dgdf]xg :d[lt lbj;sf cj;/df Ps k|]; jQmJo hf/L ub}{ eGg'ePsf] 5 æxfdLn] pxfFsf c;n u'0fx?af6 l;Sg] / pxfFsf of]ubfgx?af6 k|]/0ff lng] sfd ug'{kb{5 . pxfFsf] ;+3if{zLn hLjgaf6 k|]/0ff lnP/ jt{dfg cfGbf]ngdf cem a9L phf{ / hf]zsf ;fy lqmofzLn x'g d ;Dk"0f{ ;fyLx?nfO{ cfXjfg ub{5' .Æ
ælbj+ut >4]o cWoIf sd/]8 clwsf/Lk|lt ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ k+lQm / cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;d]t d efjk"0f{ >4fGhnL ck{0f ub{5' .Æ pxfFn] sd/]8 dgdf]xg clwsf/Lsf] :d[ltdf hf/L ug'{ePsf] jQmJodf cufl8 pNn]v 5 æsd/]8 dgdf]xg clwsf/L g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ng / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf lzv/ JolQmTj x'g'x'GYof] . ef/tdf cWoog/t /xFbf c+u|]hx? lj?4 ef/tLo :jtGqtf ;+u|fddf ;d]t efu lnP/ pxfF h]n kg'{ePsf] lyof] . g]kfndf /f0ffzf;g / k~rfotL Joj:yfsf lj?4 pxfF lg/Gt/ ;+3if{/t /xg'eof] . :jtGqtf / k|hftGqsf nflu pxfFn] cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg ;dlk{t ug'{ePsf] lyof] . zf]lift kLl8t g]kfnL hgtfsf] nflu ;dtfd'vL ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ pxfF cfhLjg lqmofzLn /xg'eof] .
pxfF g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] k|yd dxflwj]zgåf/f lgjf{lrt dxf;lrj, g]kfnsf] nf]slk|o k|wfgdGqL / g]kfnL hgtfsf cToGt ;Ddflgt g]tf tyf g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf cWoIfsf ?kdf hgtfsf] :d[ltdf /xg'ePsf] 5 . @)%^ ;fn j}zfv !# ut] pxfFsf] lgwgePsf] lyof] . g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] j}zfv !# ut]nfO{ dgdf]xg :d[lt lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpFb} cfPsf] 5 .Æ
-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/ !@ j}zfv, @)^! a'n]l6gaf6_

hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf

sf7df8f}+ clk|n @$, @))$

s[lif ;/f]sf/ ;dfh g]kfnn] Ps jStJo k|sflzt ub}{ hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soj4tf hgfPsf] 5 . pQm ;dfhsf dxf;lrj 8f= lji0f's'df/ lwtfn4f/f k|sflzt lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
æzflGt tyf cdgr}g, dfgj clwsf/, ;fdflhs Gofo tyf ;dtfd"ns k|hftGq / ljs]Gb|Ls[t :jfoQ zf;g s'g} klg /fi6"sf] ;dfg'kflts ljsf;sf nflu d'Vo k"jf{wf/x? x'g .
@)$^ ;fnsf] k|hftGq k'gj{xfnL kl5 oL ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x? w]/ yf]/ pknAw x'b} cfPsf]df ljut s]xL ;dootf lgSs} vNjlng k'u]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kdf u|fdL0f ljsf;df Hofb} gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f ljsf;sf] d]?b08 s[lif klg o;af6 c5'tf] /xg ;Sg] s'/f ePg . b]zdf ljBdfg c;xh kl/l:yltnfO{ ;xh agfpgsf nflu cfˆgf dfux? /flv ljleGg /fhg}lts bnx? cfGbf]ng/t 5g . b]zdf Ps kl5 csf]{ ;d:of ylkb} uPsf] 5 / >L % sf] ;/sf/n] o;nfO{ 7Ls;+u ;dfwfg ug{ cu|;/ gePsf sf/0f hgfpb} ut r}q !( ut] b]lv cfˆgf] dfux? k'/f u/fpg bnx?n] hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ z;Qm kfb}{ cl3 a9\bf ;d]t >L % sf] ;/sf/n] o;sf] a]jf:tf ul/ pN6} r/d bdgdf plqPsf sf/0f ljleGg dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yfx?, kqsf/, jlsn, lrlsT;s, lzIfs, k|fWofks cflb :jod\ ;]jL tyf k]zfut ;+u7gx? pQm bdgsf] k|lt/f]w ug{ ;8sdf plqPsf 5g . o:tf] cj:yf xKtf} ljlQ;Sbf klg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] dfu k|lt j]jf:tf ub}{ r/d bdgdf pqg' cToGt b'MvbfoL s'/f ePsf] 5 . To;sf/0f, jt{dfg hgcfGbf]ng k|lt s[lif ;/f]sf/ ;dfh g]kfn PSo]]a4tf hfx]/ ub}{ åGb Aoj:Yffkgsf nflu cfjZos kxn ul/ zflGt, cdgr}g, ;fdflhs Gofo tyf ;dtfd"ns k|hftGq, ljs]Gb|Ls[t :jfoQ zf;g / dfgj clwsf/sf] axfnLsf nflu hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .Æ

-hgcfGbf]gn ;dfrf/_

s] s] x'g ;fy{s jftf{sf k"jf{wf/ <

sf7df8f}+ , clk|n @#, @))$

b/af/af6 /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx?;Fu e]63f6 / k/fdz{ ;'? ePsf] ;DaGwdf g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] cfh Ps k|]; jQmJo hf/L ug'{ePsf] 5 . pQm lj1lKtdf eGg'ePsf] 5 - æljutdf klg o:tf k|oTgx? gePsf xf]Ogg\ t/ To;af6 cGof]n / åGå a9\g] dfq kl/0ffd hgtf / /fi6"n] ef]Ub} cfPsf] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 .Æ
e]63f6sf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg' eGbfcl3 dxf;lrj g]kfnsf] jQmJodf rf/ k"jf{wf/ cl3 ;fl/Psf 5g\ . jQmJodf pxfFn] e|d / cGof]ndf gkg{ / lgwf{l/t nIo tyf sfo{qmd cg'?k cfGbf]ngsf] df]rf{df cem ;zQm?kdf nfUg ;a}nfO{ cfXjfg ;d]t ug'{ePsf] 5 .
dxf;lrj g]kfnsf] k|]; jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 o;k|sf/ 5 M- æljut !( r}tb]lv ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng x/]s k|sf/n] ;zQm aGb} uPsf], To;df hgtfsf] x/]s kIf ;+nUg x'Fb} uPsf], To;n] /fli6"o hgcfGbf]ngsf] :j?k u|x0f ug{ yfn]sf] / l;+uf] /fi6"n] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] vf]hL hah{:t ?kn] ul//x]sf] a]nfdf km]l/ b/jf/af6 /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx?;Fu e]63f6 / k/fdz{ ;'? ePsf ] 5 .
ljutdf klg o:tf k|oTgx? gePsf xf]Ogg\ t/ To;af6 yk cGof}n / åGb a9\g] dfq kl/0ffd hgtf / /fi6"n] ef]Ub} cfPsf] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . To;}n] b/af/n] ;'? u/]sf] e]63f6sf] k|lqmof ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cl3 a9fpgsf lglDt xf] eg] o:tf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg'eGbf cufl8 lgDg s'/fx? ug{ h?/L 5 .

!= ;du| /fhgLlts jftfj/0fnfO{ ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cl3 a9fpgsf lglDt k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] /fhLgfdf x'g' kb{5 .
@= km]l/ klg u}/kf6L{ jf c/fhgLlts JolQmx?sf] ;/sf/ agfpg] / d'n'ssf ;fd" yk af]em af]sfO{ kl/l:yltnfO{ emg\ hl6n u/fpg] s'g} klg k|oTgnfO{ b'?T;flxt ug'{kb{5 .
#= jt{dfg hl6n kl/l:yltaf6 d'n'snfO{ ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cl3 a9fpFb} bLuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ lbzflt/sf] klxnf] sbdsf ?kdf lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efdf /x]sf /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xdlt / l;kmfl/;df ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ agfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft ug'{kb{5 .
$= To:tf] ;/sf/ s;/L agfpg] / d'n'snfO{ s;/L cl3 a9fpg] eGg] ;DaGwdf kxn ug{ lj3l6t ;+;bdf /x]sf / cfGbf]ng/t /fhgLlts kf6L{x?;Fu ul/g] ;fj{hlgs cfx\jfgn] ;fy{stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .

of] g} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?;Fusf] ;fy{s jftf{sf] k"jf{wf/ x'g'kb{5 eGg] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] b[9 7x/ 5 . o;/L dfq d'n'snfO{ ljBdfg ;+s6sf] cj:yfaf6 d'Qm ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] ljBdfg kl/l:yltdf s'g} klg k|sf/sf e|d / cGof}ndf gkg{ / cfkm\gf lgwf{l/t nIo / sfo{qmd cg'?k cfGbf]ngsf] df]rf{df cem ;zQm ?kn] 86]/ nflu/xg xfd|f] kf6L{ cfd hg;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, ;+3, ;+:yf tyf ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ xflb{s tyf hf]8bf/ cfx\jfg ub{5 . Æ

cfGbf]ngsf/L kfFr bnsf] ;+o'Qm a}7ssf] lg0f{o
sf7df8f} . cfh g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, eQmk'/df g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf cWoIf clds z]/rg, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5] tyf g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_ sf pkfWoIf e/tljdn ofbjsf] pkl:yltdf ePsf] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;+o'Qm a}7sn] lgDg lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 M-

!= k|ltudg lj?4sf] zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf ;a} ju{, k]zf tyf Joj;fosf nfvf}+ hgtf ;xefuL eO{ cfGbf]ng pTsif{df k'lu/x]sf] cj:yfdf /fhfaf6 xfdL cfGbf]ngsf/L s]xL /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ ;Djfbsf nflu af]nfOPsf] tkm{ xfd|f] ulDe/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 .
@= zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Djfb dfkm{t pko'Qm lgisif{df k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] xfd|f] z'?b]lvs} k|i6 b[li6sf]0f xf] . o;sf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f tof/ u/L cfGbf]ngsf dfunfO{ ;Djfbsf] ljifoj:t' agfP/ dfq ;fy{s lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 eGg] lglj{jfb 5 . t;y{ ;Djfbsf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{sf ;fy} cfGbf]ngsf] dfunfO{ ljifo agfO{ ;fy{s ;Djfbsf nflu cu|;/ x'g'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] b[9 dfGotf :ki6 ub{5f}+ .
#= k|ltudg lj?4sf] lj/f]w / cj1fsf ;zQm / k|efjsf/L sfo{qmdx? b]zJofkL?kdf lg/Gt/ hf/L /xg]5g\ .
$= zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ePsf] lbg cfufdL a}zfv @! ut] b]zJofkL ?kdf ljz]if sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm sfo{bnn] lj:t[t sfo{qmd cljnDa ;fj{hlgs ug]{5 .

cfh klg k|x/Lsf] 3]/f tf]l8of]
sf7df8f}+ . cfh ck/fGx ;f9] tLg ah] sf7df08f}sf] Go'/f]8 lkknaf]6af6 ;/sf/L lgif]wf1fsf] cj1f ub}{ kfFr /fhgLlts bnsf] h'n'z lg:of] . g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL sld6L ;b:o cd[ts'df/ af]x/fsf] g]t[Tjdf lg:s]sf] pQm h'n'z Go"/f]8 u]6df k'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] lyof] . pQm h'n'z k|x/Lsf] 3]/f tf]8 \b} h'4 zflns x'Fb} OGb|rf]sdf sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] .
sf]0f;efdf Pdfn] g]tf cd[t af]x/fn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To; kZrft cl3 a9]sf] h'n'z ef]6flx6Ldf k'Ubf k|x/Ln] k'gM x:tIf]k u/L cd[ts'df/ af]x/f, s]zj a8fn, o'j/fh 1jfnL, df]bgfy k|l>t, lji0f'' kf}8]n, /fh]Gb| >]i7, uf]s0f{ lji6, u+ufnfn t'nfw/, lzjaxfb'/ b]phf, gfu]Gb| rf}w/L,
dfwj kf}8]n, uf]df b]jsf]6f, yddfof yfkf, c?0f g]kfn, u'? a'nf{sf]6L, huGgfy vltj8f, t'nf/fh lji6, xl/ /fO{, OGb|nfn ;fksf]6f, ;Togf/fo0f ofbj, hLjg/fd >]i7, ul/df zfx, ddtf lu/L, >Ldfof ysfnL, s0f{ 3n], of]u]Gb| ;+u|f}nf, nId0f sfF7] nufot ;of}+ g]tf tyf sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} e[s'6Ld08k If]qdf cfh klg k|x/L / cfGbf]ngsf/LaLr bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] lyof] . cfh cGw-ckfËx ?n ] klg kBsGof SofDk;b]lv clvn rf]s;Dd h'n'z k|bz{g u/]sf lyP .

k|x/L k|j]z lgif]w
sf7df8f} . ;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] cfh b]ze/L cfd z}lIfs x8\tfn cfof]hgf u/] . o;qmddf ;Dk"0f{ lzIf0f ;:yfx? k"0f{tM aGb /x] . sf7df8f}+sf] cd[t ;fOG; SofDk; cufl8sf] n]vgfy dfu{df ljBfyL{x?n] k|x/L k|j]z lgif]wsf] 3f]if0ff u/] . To;n ] ubf{ ;f] If]qdf lbge/L k|x/L k|j]z u/]gg\ .
lqrGb| SofDk;df lbpF;f] # ah];Dd k|x/L / ljBfyL{x?aLr le8Gt rNof] . ljZjefiff SofDk; cufl8 k|bz{gL dfu{df :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ljBfyL{n] cfwf 306f rSsf hfd u/] . ;fgf]l7dL, dLgejg nufotsf ljleGg Sofdk;df z}lIfs x8\tfnsf] qmddf ljBfyL{x?n] ;8sdf plqP/ lj/f]w u/] .
cfhs]f z}lIfs x8\tfn k"0f{ ;kmn /x]sf] cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no k|d'v >Lk|;fb ;fxn] hgfPsf 5g\ .

cG;f/L hgcfGbf]ngsf] zxLb 3f]lift
sf7df8f} . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf] cWoIftdf cfh a;s]f :yfoL sld6Lsf] a}7sn] df]xDdb tflx/ cG;f/LnfO{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] zxLb 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_ /f}tx6 lhNnf sld6Lsf ;b:o tyf clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3sf lhNnf cWoIf cG;f/L sf7df8f}+df ;+rflnt cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx?df ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . To;} qmddf lg/+s'z ;Qfn] /;folgs Uof; k|uf]u u/L pxfFnfO{ 3fOt] t'NofPsf] lyof] . c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fpFbf u/fpFb} oxL j}zfv % ut] pxfFsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L dfcf]jfbLåf/f ckx/0fkZrft xTof ul/g'ePsf g]skf -Pdfn]_ afh'/f lhNnf sld6Lsf pk;lrj tf/frGb| /]UdLnfO{ klg :yfoL sld6Lsf] a}7sn] kf6L{sf] lgi7fjfg sfo{stf{ ePsf] 7x/sf ;fy zxLb 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . 1ftAo 5, xfn} pxfFsf] vf]hLdf uPsf] dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?sf] 6f]nLnfO{ pxfFsf] xTof e};s]sf] hfgsf/L dfcf]jfbLx?n] lbPsf lyP .

cfGbf] ngk|lt gu/kflnsf sd{rf/Lsf] P]Soa4tf
sf7df8f} . g]kfn gu/kflnsf sd{rf/L Pzf]l;P;g, s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] rfn' hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf k|s6 u/]sf] 5 .
…k|hftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ljgf b]zdf zflGt / ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe'lt x'g g;Sg] / cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf klg olx /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltudgsf] lj/f]w / d'n'sdf k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; u/L dfgj clwsf/ Pj+ hgtfsf df}lnsxsx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf nflu /fhgLlts bn, dfgjclwsf/jfbL, k]zfut ;+3 ;+:yf, ;+rf/sdL{x? ;d]tn] yfn]sf] hgcfGbf]ngk|lt g]kfn gu/kflnsf sd{rf/L Pzf]l;o;gsf] tkm{af6 P]Soa4tf hgfpb} d'n'se/sf %* j6} gu/kflnsf sd{rf/L Pzf]l;P;gsf If]qLo tyf OsfO{ ;ldltx?nfO{ ;d]t P]Soa4tf hgfO{ lbgx'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ Ú- cfh s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf cWoIf lnnf/fh v/]n, dxf;lrj OGb|k|;fb clwsf/L, dWodf~rn If]qLo ;ldlt cWoIf afa'/fhf dxh{g, nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf OsfO{ cWoIf >Leb| cf]emf / sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf OsfO{ cWoIf ;j{1/fh kf}8]nåf/f hf/L ;+o'Qm jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 .

/fhwfgL aflx/ s] eof] <
sf7df8f}+ . k|ltudg lj?4 tyf /fhwfgL s]lGb|t hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ub}{ cfh lhNnf lhNnfdf ljzfn lj/f]w k|bz{g tyf wgf{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
uf]/vfdf klg lj/f]w h'n'z tyf ;ef ePsf] 5 . To;cl3 Pdfn] / sfFu|];sf] sfof{noaf6 cnu cnu lg:s]sf] h'n'z a;kfs{df e]nf ePsf] lyof] . To;df 6"]8 o'lgog, dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/, k]zfut u/L !* ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] P]Soa4tf /x]sf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm h'n'; ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L x/d6f/L rf]sdf @ 306f wgf{df a;]sf] lyof] . h'n';nfO{ dhb'/ lzj/fh ;'Aaf, ljBfyL{ lednfn >]i7 / ljlkg rGb|, gGb' kf]v/]n, kf6L{ g]tf Clif vgfn, afa'/fd yfkfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To; h'n'
;df @))) sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
To;}u/L cfh kf]v/fdf sl/a * xhf/sf] ljzfn h'n'; k|bz{g ePsf] 5 . pQm h'n'; lrKn]9' +ufaf6 dx]Gb|k'n, gofFahf/ x'Fb} k[YjLrf]sdf wgf{ a;]sf] lyof] . wgf{kl5sf] ;efnfO{ Pdfn] g]tf lqnf]rg 9sfn, g]sfF g]tf, ch'{g g/l;+x s];L, hgdf]rf{sf g]tf 3gZofd zdf{ kf}8]n nufot l;h{gf zdf{, ;Gtaxfb'/ l3l;Ë / rGb|dl0f kf}8]nn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . kf]v/fsf] lj/f]w sfo{qmdk|lt P]Soa4tf hgfpFb} :ofËhf, tgx'F / nh'Ësf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? To; sfo{ qmddf ;xefuL ePsf lyP .
cfh afUn'Ë ahf/df ;+o'Qm d;fn h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf] 5 eg] tf}lnxjfdf a[xt ls;fg ¥ofnL ePsf] 5 . bfËsf] ndxLdf cfGbf]ngsf/L kfFr kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm h'n'z lg:s]sf] 5 . ;'v]{tdf cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx?sf] cfof]hgfdf ljzfn hgk|bz{g ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo d+unu9L rf]saf6 lg:s]sf] h'n'; gu/ kl/qmdf u/L kLkn rf}tf/Ldf cfd;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . ;efnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf lhNnf sld6L ;lrj Clifk|;fb zdf{, g]dlskfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gj/fh sf]O/fnf, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o hgs/fh zdf{ / g]sfF lhNnf ;efklt 8Dd/ lh;Ln] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnu ~hdf dlxnfx?sf] h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljb]zL ldqx?sf] ;dy{g
sf7df8f}+ . :jL8]gsf ;+;b sfn] nf;{g / o'/f]k]nL ;+;b ;b:o dfl/ofg] Pl/S;gn] g]kfnsf] hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g ug{ ckLn ug'{ePsf] 5 . ckLndf pxfFx?n] hftGqdfly lg/Gt/ cfqmd0f ub}{ /fhfn] zlQm xTofpg rfx]sf] pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] cfGbf]ng / o;sf] dfudf cfkm\gf] ;dy{g /x]sf] :ki6 kfb}{ pxfFx?n] /fhfåf/f xfn e}/x]sf] lx+;|s tyf ck|hftflGqs Jojxf/sf] lj/f]w ug'{ cfkm"x?sf] st{Jo /x]sf hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . cfGbf] ngsf/L kfFr kf6L{x?sf] dfu k"/f ug]{ dfu klg pxfFx?n] ug'{ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, O6flnog dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbL kf6L{n] klg zflGt, k|hftGq / dfgj clwsf/sf] nflu g]kfnL hgtf / kf6L{x?sf] u7aGwgn] hf/L /fv]sf] cfgbf]ngk|lt ;dy{g hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 .
g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltnfO{ k7fPsf] kqdf pQm kf6L{n] g]tf sfo{stf{ tyf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?dfly ;/sf/åf/f ul/Psf] HofbtL tyf b'Ao{jxf/sf] s8f eT;{gf u/]sf] 5 .

g]sf+ -k|hftflGqs_ sf] ¥ofnL
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ n] cfh ef]6flx6Laf6 c;f]h !* sf] zfxL sbdsf lj?4 ¥ofnL cfof]hgf u¥of] . cfhsf] ¥ofnLdf klg ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjf ;xefuL /xg' ePg .
pQm h'n'z OGb|rf]s, h'4 zflns, gofF ;8s, jL/ c:ktfn, /Tgkfs{ x'Fb} afuahf/tkm{ k|j]z x'g] :yfg;Dd k'u]sf] lyof] . …k|x/Ln] nf7L gxfGg] ¥ofnLsf ;xefuLn] 9'+uf gxfgL bf}l8g]Ú ub}{ cl3 a9]sf] pQm h'n'zaf6 k|sfzdfg l;+x, xf]dgfy bfxfn, lrqn]vf ofbj, hLjgk|]d >]i7, 8f= gf/fo0f v8\sf, cd//fh s}gL, uf]kfndfg >]i7, pdf clwsf/L, lszf]/l;+x /f7f}/ / ;'/]Gb| kf08] nufots g]tf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L !$ j6f 6"sdf /fvL ;z:q k|x/L u0f g+= @ / k|wfg sfof{no xNrf]sdf /fv]sf] 8f= ldg]Gb| l/hfnn] atfpg' eof] .
hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/ a'n]l6gaf6

u0ftGqsf nflu dfcf]jfbL4f/f ;+3if{sf] gofF sfo{qmd

Od]naf6 clk|n @!, @))$

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r08 / ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hg-kl/ifb\ , g]kfnsf ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{4f/f nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgfsf nflu ;a} cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?;Fu ckLn ub}{ cfufdL h]7 %, ^ / & ut] b]z JofkL /fhg}lts x8\tfnsf] cfXjfg u/]sf 5g\ .
clk|n @! df hf/L ul/Psf] pQm ;+o'Qm x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
æcfb/0fLo hg;d'bfox?,
;j{k|yd xfdL g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_, hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn / ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnsf] tkm{jf6 xfn b]zdf tLj| ultdf cl3 jl9/x]sf] ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbL / bnfn /fhtGqsf] cGTo u/]/ k"0f{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] :yfkgf ug]{ dxfg\ cfGbf]ngdf nfvf}+sf] ;+Vofdf nfdj¢ x'g'ePsf ;Dk"\0f{ Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfo, /fhg}lts bnsf sfo{stf{x? / ljleGg hgjuL{o tyf k]zfut ;+3-;+:yfdf cfj¢ JolQmx?nfO{ xflb{s clegGbg ub{5f}+ .
xfd|f] Kof/f] b]z g]kfn olta]nf ;fFRr} g} Pp6f o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf] ;+3f/df plePsf] 5 . @#% jif{ k'/fgf] hh{/ ;fdGtL /fhtGqfTds /fHo;Qf lj?¢ ljut cf7 jif{b]lv ;+rflnt ;z:q hgo'¢ / s]xL ;do otf ;+;bjfbL bnx? / ljleGg hgjuL{o tyf k]zfut ;+3-;+:yfx?¢f/f ;+rflnt /fhtGqlj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] ;+o'Qm kl/0ffd :j?k g]kfnL Oltxf;df klxnf]k6s u0ftGqfTds nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf k|jn jg]sf] 5 . cfh sf7df08f}+sf ;8sx?b]lv ;'b"/ ufpF3/sf s'gfsfKrf;Dd 3Gs]sf u0ftGqsf gf/fx?n] b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, ln+uLo ;d:ofx?sf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg / k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] jxfnL lglDt e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfsf] jndf l6s]sf] ;fdGtL tyf bnfn /fhtGqsf] cGTo Pp6f ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf e};s]sf] k'i6L u/]sf 5g\ . of] l:yltdf cj ;+;bjfbL / jfdkGyL qmflGtsf/L b'j} yl/ zlQmx?n] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] Go"gtd ;femf sfo{qmddf ;xdlt sfod u/]/ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] cfFwLj]x/L l;h{gf ug{' P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf ePsf] 5 .
of] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf / b]z / hgtfsf] rfxgfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] s]xL ;dob]lv nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] Go"gtd sfo{qmddf ;xdlt sfod u/]/ ;fdGtL tyf bnfn /fhtGqsf] lj?¢df ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng ;+rfng ug{ ;Dk"0f{ ;+;bjfbL tyf cGo nf]stGqjfbL zlQmx?;+u ;fj{hlgs ckLn ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} xfdLn] ljutdf ;Qf;Lg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?¢f/f /fHo;Qf ;+rfngdf ePsf sltko sdLsdhf]/Lx?, k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx? lj?¢ ljZjJofkL ?kdf lgof]lht 9+un] lkm+hfPsf e|dx? / kl/jlt{t j:t'ut kl/l:yltnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lb+b} eljiodf jx'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqs /fHok|0ffnLk|lt cfÎgf] ;fj{hlgs k|ltj¢tf JoQm ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] b]zL tyf ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx?n] ;+;bjfbL / qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL zlQmx? jLr kmf6f] kf/]/ cfˆgf] :jfy{ k"lt{ ug{ ul//x]sf ljljw if8\oGqx?k|lt ;hu /xFb} cfh ;j} vfn] nf]stGqsf]lglDt k|d'v b'Zdgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?¢ ;+o'Qm k|xf/ s]lGb"t ug{ xfdL ;Dk"0f{ nf]stflGqs zlQmx? / cfd hg;d'bfodf k'gM hf]8bf/ ckLn ub{5f}+ . o;} qmddf ljleGg ;+;bjfbL bnsf sfo{stf{x?, ljBfyL{x?, j'l¢hLjLx? / ;+rf/sdL{x?n] :j:km"t{ ?kdf u0ftGqsf] gf/f j'nGb u/]/ ;+;bjfbL tyf qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL zlQmx? jLrdf /fhtGqlj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf ;xsfo{sf] lglDt h'g dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf 5g\ To;sf] xfdL xflb{s sb/ ub{5f}+ .
k/Gt' s]xL ;dob]lv r'ln+b} uPsf] /fhtGqlj/f]wL cfGbf]ngjf6 ltlNdnfPsf] zfxL ;}lgs kmfl;jfbL ;Qfn] Psflt/ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx?dfly lgd{d bdgrqm rnfP/ / csf]{lt/ lemgf-dl;gf ;'wf/ / r'gfjsf] xNnf dRrfP/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ t'xfpg] if8\oGq ul//x]sf] 5 . vfzu/L p;n] Psflt/ u|fdL0f Onfsfx?df slyt d'7e]8sf] gfpFdf lbgx'F bh{gf}+ lgxTyf JolQmx?nfO{ sJhfdf lnP/ g[;+; xTof ul//x]sf] 5 jf hg;efdf e]nf ePsfx?dfly xjfO cfqmd0f u/]/ bh{gf}+sf] Hofg lnO/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ zx/L Onfsfx?df zflGtk"0f{ h'n';k|bz{gdf ;xefuL ePsf /fhg}lts g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?, ;+rf/sdL{x? / cGwf-ckf+ux? ;d]tnfO{ lgd{d s'6kL6 / w/ks8 ul//x]sf] 5 . o:tf] kmfl;jfbL bdgsf] xTs08f cltl/Qm of] lg/+s'z /fhtGqfTds ;Qfn] lgs6 eljiodf cfÎg} clwgfosTjd'lg slyt ;j{bnLo jf ;j{kIfLo ;/sf/ / k|fof]lht ;+;bLo r'gfjsf] xl/of] 3fF; b]vfP/ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx? aLrdf km'6 kfg]{ eo+s/ if8\oGqsf] tfgfjfgf klg j'lg/x]sf] 5 . t/ b/jf/ xTofsf08b]lv c;f]h !* x'Fb} clxn];Ddsf] 1fg]Gb"-kf/; lu/f]xsf sfnf st"{tx?nfO{ /fd|/L b]Vb} cfPsf hf]s;}nfO{ of] nf]stGqlj/f]wL vt/gfs rnv]n a'em\g s'g} sl7gfO x'g'xF'b}g . lsgls zfxL ;]gfsf] jndf slyt æ/fhsLo ;QfÆ sf] bfjL ub}{ af/Daf/ cfkm}n] hf/L u/]sf] ;+ljwfg ldRb} ;Lldt nf]stflGqs clwsf/ ;d]t ckx/0f ub}{ cfPsf] /fhtGqnfO{ ;d"ngi6 gu/L cj b]zdf 6fn6'n] ;'wf/, lgjf{rg jf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgn] ;Rrf nf]stGq :yflkt x'g} ;Sb}g . cyf{t sd;]sd e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ lj36g u/]/ gofF /fli6"o ;]gf lgdf{0f gu/];Dd / hgtfsf r'lgPsf k|ltlglwx?n] gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gu/];Dd b]zdf k"FlhjfbL cy{sf] ;d]t nf]stGqsf] jxfnL ;Dej} 5]g .
To;}n] ca b]zdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf lglDt ;Dk"0f{ tx / tKsfsf hg;d'bfo, ;+;bLo / u}/-;+;bLo /fhg}lts zlQmx?, hftLo tyf If]qLo d'lQm ;+u7gx?, hgjuL{o ;+u7gx? / k]zfut ;+3-;+:yfx?sf] ;+o'Qm tyf ;zQm cfGbf]ng afx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5Fb}5}g . ca klg lg/+s'z /fhtGq;Fu eLv dfu]/ nf]stGqsf] axfnL xf]nf eGg'eGbf 7"nf] d"v{tf / wf]sf csf]{ s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g . a? clxn]sf] ;jf]{Rr cfjZostf eg]sf] nf]stflGqs zlQmx? jLrsf :jfefljs j}rfl/s / /fhg}lts dtfGt/x?nfO{ sfod /fVb} lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?¢df ;femf k|xf/ s]lGb"t ug{' / xfn b]zdf rln/x]sf] hgo'¢ / hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+of]hg u/]/ ufpFb]lv zx/;Dd, t/fO{b]lv lxdfn;DDf / d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd eLif0f cfGbf]ngsf] gofF tyf pRr nx/ l;h{gf ug{' xf] . o;} qmddf ljleGg /fhg}lts zlQmx?, k]zfut ;+3-;+:yfx?, hgjuL{o ;+u7gx? cflbn] /fhtGqsf] lj/f]wdf cfof]hgf ug]{ ;j} ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?k|lt k"0f{ P]Soj¢tf hgfpFb} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_, hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn / ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\sf] tkm{jf6 cfufdL @)^! Hf]7 %, ^ / & ut] b]zJofkL /fhg}lts x8\tfn ug]{ nufotsf h'emf? ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? to ul/Psf] 5 . ltgnfO{ x/t/xn] ;fy lbP/ ;kmn kfg{ xfdL ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfo, /fhg}lts zlQmx? / ;+3-;+:yfx?;+u xflb{s ckLn ub{5f}+ . ;fy} xfdL ;Dk"0f{ s/bftfx?, pBf]uklt / Jofkf/Lx?nfO{ of] hglj/f]wL /fhtGqfTds ;QfnfO{ s'g} klg s/ / cGo dx;"n gltg{ cfu|x ub{5f}+ . To;/L g} /f]hL/f]6Lsf] afWotfn] e/f}6] zfxL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L / hgkb k|x/Ldf egf{ x'g k'u]sf ;j} :jfledfgL / b]zeQm hjfgx? Tfyf clkm;/x?nfO{ Toxfaf6 ljb"f]x u/]/ d'lQmsfdL hgtfsf] k+lQmdf nfdj¢ x'g ljz]if cfu|x ub{5f}+ . cGTodf, cTolws hgtfsf] ljZjf; u'dfO;s]sf] of] hgxTof/f /fhtGqfTds ;QfnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;}lgs, cfly{s / /fhg}lts ;xof]u glbg / nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] kIfdf cfjfh j'nGb ug{ cGt/f{li6"o zlQmx?nfO{ xfdL ckLn ub{5f}+ .Æ
tTsfnsf nflu lj1lKtdf lbOPsf] ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdcg';f/ a}zfv !) ut]b]lv !( ut];Dd u0ftGqsf] kIfdf k|rf/fTds cleofg, /fhf tyf o'j/fhsf] k'Tnf bxg, sf6'{g k|bz{g, leQ]n]vg ug]{, a}zfv @) b]lv @& ;Dd b]zJofkL hgsf/jfxL -dlNns cfof]u_n] ls6fg u/] nufotsf nf]stGqlj/f]wL ck/fwLx?, s'Voft zfxL bnfnx?, 7"nf e|i6rf/Lx? / hgxTof/fx?dfly sf/jfxL rnfpg], a}zfv @* b]lv h]7 rf/ ut];Dd sf7df8f}++ pkTosf nufot ;a} lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?df zfxL ;/sf/L jfxgx?sf] cfjthfjtdf gfsfjGbL, zfxL ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf s/ tyf dx;"nx? p7fpg / ltg{ /f]s .
h]7 %, ^ / & ut] b]zJofkL cfd /fhg}lts x8\tfn -oftfoft, Jofkf/, lzIf0f;+:yf, snsf/vfgf / sfof{nox?df cfd x8\tfnsf] sfo{qmd /flvPsf] s'/f klg pQm lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

c:ktfn kl/;/df ljiffn' UofF;sf] /fu

sf7df8f}+ clk|n @! @))$

cfh dx]Gb| k'ln; Snjsf] 5taf6} k|x/Lx¿n] 8]9 bh{g ljiffn' UofF;sf] ;]n k|xf/ u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] n SofDk;, /Tg/fHo SofDk;, aflNdsL SofDk;sf ;fy} sf7df8f}+ df]8]n c:ktfnsf] kl/;/df ;d]t UofF;sf] ;]n k|xf/ u/]sf lyP . To;kZrft\ tL SofDk;x¿leq k|j]z u/L k|x/Lx¿n] ljBfyL{x¿dfly nf7L rfh{ u/]sf lyP . o;}u/L e[s'6Ld08kl:yt t/sf/L ahf/df !% ;]n ljiffn' UofF; k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . cfh k|x/Ln] afuahf/, gofF ;8s, ksgfhf]n, k'tnL;8s cflb :yfgdf tLg;o eGbf a9L ljiffn' UofF;sf] ;]n k|xf/ u/]sf] lyof] . h;sf sf/0f ;8s ;'g;fg x'g k'u]sf] lyof] / cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] hgtfsf 3/-3/sf 5tdf r9]/ kfgLn] cfFvf lehfpFb} k|ltudglj/f]wL gf/f nufPsf lyP .
cfh} g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgaf6 lg:s]sf] n]vs-snfsf/x¿sf] h'n';df /fHon] x:tIf]k u/L df]bgfy k|l>t, cfgGbb]j e§, b'uf{nfn >]i7, d~h' sfFr'nL, cd/ lu/L, vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nf, w'|jrGb| uf}td, k'¿iff]Qd a:g]t, 3gZofd e';fn, xl/ /f]sfnufotsf ;fwsx¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 .
lu/km\tf/ g]tf, sfo{stf{, ;fws / sfg"g Joj;foLx¿nfO{ dx]Gb| k'ln; Sjn, l;+xb/jf/ j8f k|x/L sfof{no / ;z:q k|x/L ansf] sfof{no xnrf]s tyf k|x/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg dxf/fhu~hdf /fv]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d"xsf] cfof]hgfdf cfh !! ah] eb|sfnLdf ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf k|s6 ug]{ qmddf /fHon] ;xfgf k|wfg, ci6nIdL zfSo, ljBfb]jL e08f/L, ;'lznf g]kfn, >Ldfof ysfnL, lnnf sf]O/fnf;lxt !# hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 .
k|ltudgsf lj¿4 ;+rflnt sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t cfGbf]ngsf] @! cf}+ lbg cfh o'jf, ljBfyL{, dlxnf, sfg"g Joj;foL, ;flxTosf/, snfsf/, g]kfnL sf+u]|; k|hftflGqs / cfGbf]ng/t kfFrj6f kf6L{n] 5'§f5'§} h'n'z lgsfnL slyt b+ufu|:t If]qsf] cj1f ub}{ lu/km\tf/L lbPsf 5g\ . o;qmddf Ps xhf/eGbf a9L cfGbf]gnsf/Lx¿ lu/km\tf/ x'g'sf ;fy} tLg bh{geGbf a9L 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .
slyt lgif]lwt If]qsf] cj1f ub}{ kfFr kf6L{n] Go"/f]8af6 lgsfn]sf] h'n';df /fHon] x:tIf]k u/L d's'Gb Gof}kfg], s]zj a8fn, czf]s /fO{, /3' kGt, /fh]Gb| >]i7, zfGtf dfgjL, /3'jL/ dxf;]7, u+ufnfn t'nfw/, wd{bQ b]jsf]6fnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L o'jfx¿sf] cj1f ¥ofnLaf6 uf]s0f{ lji6nfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] k|bLk s6'jfn, xl/ /fO{, snaxfb'/ xdfn, OGb|nfn ;fksf]6f, tLy{ /f]sfof / uf]s0f{ k'8f;}gL uDeL/ 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 . pxfFx¿sf] sf7df8f}+ df]8]n c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .

Pdfn] dxf;lrjsf] cg'/f]w
sf7df8f}}+ . g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] jt{dfg ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g cfd hgtfnfO{ xflb{s cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] 5 .
cg'/f]w kqdf jxfFn] eGg'ePsf] 5- zflGt Pj+ k|hftGqsf] k'gj{xfnL ug{, ;+ljwfgnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg / vf]l;Psf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf km]l/ hgtfs} xftdf kmsf{pgsf nflu ljut Ps jif{b]lv hf/L /x]sf] cfGbf]ng clxn] gofF pFrfO{df k'u]sf] 5 . o; zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf lg/Gt/ hgtfsf] ;dy{g a9\b} uPsf] 5 . of] cfGbf]ng clxn] ;Dk"0f{ k|hftGqk|]dL hgtf / /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;femf hgcfGbf]ngdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngdf clxn] ljleGg k]zf / ;d'bfosf nfvf}+ hgtf ;fd]n ePsf 5g\ . hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fhsLo ;Qf / k|hftGqnfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ug]{ Psdfq dfWod olta]nf zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ng g} xf] .
r}q !( ut]b]lv z'¿ ePsf] zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] wgf{ / h'n'z sfo{qmddf ;fd]n ePsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿ dfly jt{dfg c;+j}wflgs ;/sf/n] g[z+; / aa{/ bdg u/]/ ;of}+ g]tf, sfo{stf{nfO{ 3fOt] kf/]sf] 5 . g]tfx¿sf] 6fpsf]df tfsL-tfsL nf7L k|xf/ u/]sf] 5 . lgxTyf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ dfly qm'/ cfqmd0f u/]sf] 5 . Toltn] gk'uL /fhwfgLsf] rqmkyleq lgif]wf1f nfu" u/L zflGtk"0f{ ¿kn] ;ef, h'n'z / lj/f]w sfo{qmdx¿ ug]{ hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs clwsf/ ;d]t vf];]sf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ dfly ;/sf/ o;/L vlgP klg dhb'/, ls;fg, o'jf, ljBfyL{, kqsf/, n]vs, snfsf/, sfg"g Joj;foL, lzIfs, 8fS6/, Ol~hlgo/, cGw-ckfË / dfgj clwsf/sdL{ nufot ljleGg k]zf / ;d'bfosf hgtfx¿ lg/Gt/ cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL e}/x]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf] a9\bf] ;xeflutfn] cflQP/ ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] bdg emg rsf{pg yfn]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] ck|hftflGqs, lg/+s'z / qm'/ bdgsf] lj/f]wdf tyf k|hftflGqs clwsf/ Pj+ hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf k'g:yf{kgfsf] kIfdf xfdL jt{dfg cfGbf]ngdf tkfO{+sf] ;lqmo ;dy{g / ;xeflutfsf] cfzf tyf ljZjf;df /x]sf 5f}+ . tkfO{+sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljhoL agfpg dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .Æ

g]kfnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf cd]l/sL k|fWofks
cd]l/sL gful/s k|fWofks 8f= a|fOg sj ;d]t g]kfndf rfn' hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf lu/km\tf/Ldf kg'{ePsf] lyof] . cd]l/sfsf] g]kfnk|ltsf] jt{dfg gLlt;Fu c;xdlt /fVg'x'g] jxfF cd]l/sL ;/sf/ g}lts lx;fan] klg g]kfnsf] k|hftGq / g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf pleg'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'x'G5 . cd]l/sL ;xfotfn] g]kfndf lg/+s'z zf;gnfO{ dnhn k'¥ofPsf] tYok|lt cd]l/sfsf] ljb]z ljefun] Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg]{ jxfFsf] hf]8 5 .
cfh k|sflzt a'wjjf/ ;fKtflxs nfO{ lbOPsf] cGtjf{tf{df 8f= sjn] :ki6 zAbdf eGg'ePsf] 5-o;/L hgtf cfGbf]ngdf cl3 a9\bf g]kfndf /fhtGq l6Sg ;Sb}g . g]kfnsf] /fhtGqk|lt cToGt cfnf]rgfTds tyf ¿vf] wf/0ff /fVg'x'g] jxfFn] /fhfn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& sf] unt 9+un] k|of]u ul//x]sf] l:ylt /x]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . jxfFsf] egfO 5-/fhfn] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg-)$& nfO{ k"0f{tM pNn+3g u/]sf 5g\ . /fhfsf] lqmofsnfk hgcfwfl/t / hgcg'df]lbt g]tfx¿lj¿4 /x]sf] k|i6} b]lvG5 .
cGtjf{tf{df 8f= sjn] /fhfn] ;]gfdflysf] lgoGq0f 5f]8g'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ t/ /fhfn] To;f] ug{ grfx]sf] / ;]gfsf] k|of]u u/]/} ;anfO{ 7]ufg nufpg vf]lh/x]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . jxfFsf] lgrf]8 5-…t/ cfhsf] b'lgofFdf /fhfsf] of] k|oTg ;kmn / ;Dej x'G5 eGg ;ls+b}g .Ú jxfFn] cem cufl8 a9]/ eGg'ePsf] 5-/fhf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf geP kl5 hgtf klg To;sf] kIfdf /xg'kg]{ s'g} sf/0f 5}g .
cGtjf{tf{sf] qmddf 8f= sjn] k|hftflGqs zlQmx¿n] dfq g]kfnnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;Sg] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 . jxfFsf] egfO 5-/fhfn] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm cfkm\gf] xftdf lnP/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cl3 a9]sf] c7f/ dlxgf eof] t/ pgn] o; cjlwdf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ / ug{ klg ;Sb}gg\ . hgtfn] 5fg]sf] ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf dfq dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ / k|hftGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg ;Sb5 .
klZrd d'n'sx¿df klg /fhtGq ePsf] t/ ltgLx¿n] s'g} /fhgLlts clwsf/ k|of]u gug]{ atfpFb} 8f= sjn] hxfF /fhf lg/+s'z zf;ssf] ¿kdf 5}gg\ ToxfFsf] cfly{s ljsf; t'ngfTds¿kdf cl3 a9]sf] b]lvPsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] b/jf/n] clxn] h'g ;'ljwf s'DNofPsf] 5 To;nfO{ u/La g]kfnL hgtfsf] zf]if0f 7fGg'x'G5 8f= sj . jxfFn] o; ;Gbe{df eGg'ePsf] 5-…cd]l/sf ;+;f/s} Pp6f wgL d'n's xf] . t/ /fi6"klt j'zn] jif{df b'O{ nfv 8n/ -g]=¿= ! s/f]8 $# nfv_ dfq kfpF5g\ . t/ g]kfnsf /fhfn] jif{df ^% s/f]8 vr{ lnPsf 5g\ . u/La g]kfnsf /fhfsf] ;'ljwf clt ;DkGg cd]l/sfsf] /fi6"klt eGbf a9L 5 .Ú 8f= sjsf cg';f/ /fhfsf] vr{sf] of] /sdn] P3f/ xhf/ lzIfs jf g;{x¿nfO{ aif{e/L tna v'jfpg k'U5 .
clxn] g]kfndf ;jf b'O{ s/f]8 hgtf Psflt/ / /fhf csf]{lt/ /x]sf] cj:yf 5 eGb} jxfFn] ca cfd hgtfnfO{ sf7df8f}+df dfq xf]Og cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] nflu b]ze/L ;8sdf ptfg'{kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . ;fy}, kf6L{x¿n] ;fdflhs, wfld{s Pj+ dfgjclwsf/sf] em08f;lxtsf] k|bz{g ;+ul7t ug'{kg]{ ljrf/ jxfFn] JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 .

;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g hnfOof]
sf7df8f}+ . ;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gåf/f cfh slyt b+ufu|:t If]qsf] pNn+3g ub}{ h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf] 5 . kßsGof SofDk;af6 lbpF;f] # ah] z'¿ ePsf] pQm h'n';sf] g]t[Tj /fh]Gb| /fO{, u'¿ l3ld/], /fh' sfsL{, s[i0f clwsf/L, s[i0f /fgf, ;/f]h uf];fO{+ / /fdafa' ofbjn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sLlt{k'/df lbpF;f] ! ah] lg:s]sf] h'n''z gofF ahf/ k'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/L $ ;]n ljiffn' UofF; k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . k|x/Lsf] cfqmd0faf6 !& hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . h;dWo] lqe'jg ljZjljBfno SofDk; :jljo' ;x-;lrj k|sfz Gof}kfg] a]xf]; x'g'ePsf] 5 . pQm cfqmd0fdf d's]z bfxfn, cdLg v8\sf, nLnfw/ pkfWofo, a'l4 /fpt, lw/h kGt, gj/fh v8\sf, dgf]h rf}w/L, r'8fdl0f ltldlN;gf, 5lj/fd a/fn, nLnf 9'+ufgf, /d]z lu/L / hgs bf; 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 . 3fOt]x¿sf] sf7df8f}+ df]8]n c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
k|x/L bdgsf] lj/f]wdf sLlt{k'/b]lv sf7df8f}+;Dd rNg] oftfoft cfGbf]ngsf/L ljBfyL{x¿n]] 7Kk u/]sf 5g\ . lbpF;f] ;fF9] b'O{ ah]kl5 ljBfyL{n] pkTosfsf ;a} SofDk; cufl8 6fo/ afn]/ lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . o;qmddf ;fgf]l7dL SofDk; :jljo'sf ;lrj Zofd;'Gb/ a:g]t 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L cd[t ;fOG; SofDk; 7d]ndf ljBfyL{x¿n] ;8sdf ;f]kmf /fvL /fhf-/fgLsf] t:jL/ ;hfP/ To;sf cufl8 ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g hnfPsf 5g\ . To; cj;/df zflGt ljBfu[x :s"nsf] sIff # df k9\g] ljBfyL{x¿ klg Kn]sf8{;lxt ;xefuL ePsf lyP . ljBfyL{x¿ d"n h'n'ztkm{ nfu]kl5 c:sn SofDk;sf] xf]:6]nleq k|j]z u/L k|x/Ln] tf]8kmf]8 / lat08f dRrfPsf] 5 .

kxf8L k'gM lu/km\tf/
sf7df8f}+ . dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf cWoIf s[i0f kxf8Lsf] g]t[Tjdf cfh clvn rf]sdf dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿n] h'n'; / wgf{ lbPsf 5g\ . k|hftGqsf] axfnL / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfgsf] dfu ub}{ gf/fafhL ul//xFbf pxfFx¿nfO{ @ ah] /fHon] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 .

sfg"g Joj;foLsf] h'n';
sf7df8f}+ . aflNdsL SofDk;af6 lg:s]sf] sfg"gL Joj;foLx¿sf] h'n'; e[s'6Ld08k, eb|sfnL x'Fb} Go"/f]8 k'Ubf /fHon] x:tIf]k u/L GofosdL{x¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;P;gsf cWoIf zDe' yfkf, k"j{ cWoIf l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]n, xl/x/ bfxfn, ;f+;b /fw]Zofd clwsf/L, al/i7 clwjQmf s[i0fk|;fb e08f/L / af/sf k"j{ ;lrj clUg v/]nsf] g]t[Tjdf @M#) ah] lg:s]sf] pQm h'n'';df sl/a ! xhf/ sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] h'n'z cl3 a9]kl5 ;8sdf 6fo/afn]/ k|bz{g ul//x]sf k|bz{gsf/Lx¿dfly x:tIf]k x'Fbf sdn s]=;L= ;Vt 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .

logLx¿ sxfF 5g\ <
sf7df8f}+ . /fHon] j}zfv * ut] lu/km\tf/ u/L ;z:q k|x/L ansf] sfof{no xnrf]sdf k'¥ofOPsf k|/fo';+3, x'Dnfsf cWoIf x:taxfb'/ zfxL / cf]vn9'+ufsf r]taxfb'/ a:g]tnfO{ cem} l/xf ul/Psf] 5}g . b'j} hgfnfO{ cfh j8f k|x/L sfof{no l;+xb/jf/df k'¥ofOPsf] eGg] a'lemP klg /fHon] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5}g .
o;cl3 lu/km\tf/ k|/fo';+3s} k]|d l;njfn, cfl:jg sf]O/fnf / ls/0f s]=;L=nfO{ /fHon] ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g cGtu{t gh/aGbdf /fv]sf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] k6s-k6s dfu ubf{ klg /fHon] cem};Dd pxfFx¿nfO{ l/xf u/]sf] 5 .

hf]/kf6Lb]lv uf}zfnf;Dd h'n'z
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL sf+u]|; -k|hftflGqs_n] cfh ! ah] hf]/kf6Laf6 …zfxL 3f]if0ff lkmtf{ u/, hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL axfnL u/, ;+ljwfg ldRg kfO{+b}g, lg/+s'z /fhtGq rflx+b}gÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy h'n'z k|bz{g u¥of] . pQm h'n'z rfjlxn rf]sdf cfOk'Ubf k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u¥of] eg] hoafu]Zj/Ldf ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u¥of] . h'n'z uf}zfnf cfOk'Ubf lgjt{dfg pk;efd'v lrqn]vf ofbjnfO{ ceb| Jojxf/ u/L sAhfdf lnOof] . ToxfF #% ldg]6;Dd ;f] kf6L{n] wgf{ lbPsf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] k|sfzdfgl;+x, uf]kfndfg >]i7, afns[i0f vfF0f, cd//fh s}gL, 8f= gf/fo0f v8\sf, v]d/fh dfofn' / ah|lszf]/ l;+x;lxt ;of}+ cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 8f= ldg]Gb| l/hfnn] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 .

cfGbf]ngdf ckfËsf] cd"No of]ubfg
sf7df8f}+ . cfˆgf] …zf/Ll/s ckfËtfsf] sf/0f k|ltudg lj¿4 cfGbf]ngdf ;s[o e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ g;s] klg cfˆgf] g}lts ;dy{gÚ /x]sf] s'/f vu]Gb| gjhLjg s]Gb| hf]/kf6Ldf sfo{/t ;"o{s'df/L u'¿Ën] g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng ;ldltnfO{ k7fpg' ePsf] kqdf hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . ;fy}} pxfFn] cfGbf]ngsf] ;xof]usf nflu kfFrxhf/ ¿k}ofF k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o; cd"No ;xof]usf nflu ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] jxfFk|lt xflb{s cfef/L JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 .

gh/aGbdf /flvPsfsf] l/xfO u/
sf7df8f}+ . g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs e/tdf]xg clwsf/Ln] cfh Ps k]|; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ eGg'ePsf] 5-æzflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo hgdf]rf{, g]kfnsf pkfWoIfx¿ kl/ yfkf, lnnfdl0f kf]v/]n, dgf]h e§ nufotsf g]tf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g cGtu{t gh/aGbdf /fVg] /fHosf] bdgsf/L sbdk|lt xfd|f] kf6L{n] o; cl3 klg lj/f]w u/]sf] ljlbt} 5 . pxfFx¿nfO{ oyfzL3| l/xfO{ ug{ k6s-k6s bjfj lb+bf klg /fHon] ;'g]sf] g;'Go} u/]sf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_sf sfo{stf{x¿ k|]d l;njfn, cflZjg sf]O/fnf / ls/0f s]=;L=nfO{ klg ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g cGtu{t gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] 5, o;sf] xfdL 3f]/ lgGbf / eT;{gf ub{5f}+ . ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf/L g]tf, sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ tTsfn l/xfO{ ug{ hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ . cGoyf pTkGg x'g] ;Dk"0f{ kl/l:yltsf] lhDd]jf/ :jo+ /fHo x'g] r]tfjgL lbg rfxG5f}+ .Æ

wgu9Ldf h'n'z
wgu9L . lxhf] s}nfnLsf] ;b/d'sfd wgu9Ldf k|ltudgsf lj¿4 ljzfn h'n'z k|bz{g ePsf] 5 . lj/f]w h'n'; kl5sf] sf]0f;efnfO{ dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 u0f]z lj=s=, af/ Pzf]l;P;gsf tkm{af6 lgnk|;fb ltjf/L / d'Qm sd}ofsf tkm{af6 hut/fd rf}w/L, g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf If]qLo ;lrj uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gGb/fh e§ / g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo j}slNks ;b:o efg'eQm hf]zLn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/ a'n]l6gaf6_

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

;/sf/L ;+oGq ;fdflhs alxisf/sf] 3]/fdf

sf7df8f}+ clk|n @!, @))$

dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhn] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L ;/sf/ ;fdflhs alxisf/sf] lbzflt/ cu|;/ /x]sf] Olª\ut u/]sf] 5 . jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 - æ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf qmddf uPsf kqsfx?dfly ul/Psf] cTofrf/ / /fHosf] rf}yf] c+uk|ltsf] b'Jo{jxf/sf sf/0f g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3åf/f ;~rflnt :jt:km't{ cfGbf]ng / kqsf/x?sf] c8fg :jefljs ePsf] / kqsf/x?sf] pk/f]Qm efjgfn] ;/sf/L ;+oGq ;fdflhs alxisf/sf] 3]/fdf kg{ yfn]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ bjfpg /fHo ;+oGqsf] b'?kof]u u/]/ ef8fsf ;jf/L ;fwgx?nfO{ hah{:tL sAhfdf lnO aGbL cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ cf];fg{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 36gf lgGbgLo 5 . zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngk|lt /fHo ;+oGq c;lxi0f' Pj+ cTofrf/L aGb} uPsf] jt{dfg kl/j]zdf dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh hghLjgsf] x/]s If]qnfO{ o:tf] cTofrf/L k|j[lQsf] lj/f]w ug{ / uf]na4 x'g cfXjfg ub{5 .Æ

cfGbf]ng b]z e/ km}nb}5
cfh klg /fhwfgLsf ljleGg :yfgdf laxfg}b]lv cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? ;8sdf cf]n]{ . ljleGg SofDk;df k|lttudgsf k'Tnf hn] . sLlt{k'/ / k'Nrf]sdf ;d]t ;zQm k|bz{g eof] . bdgsf/L k|x/L;Fu cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? htftt} le8] . hgsk'/, g'jfsf]6, kf]v/f, kfNkf, a'6jn cflb 7fpFsf SofDk;df ljBfyL{x?n] k|ltudg lj?4 cfjfh 3GsfP . zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf pq]sf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?dfly ;fbf kf]zfssf ;}lgsx?åf/f lxhf] kf]v/fdf ePsf] ;f+3flts cfqmd0f lj?4 cfh kf]v/f aGb eof] . aGb cToflws ;kmn /x\of] . aGbs}aLr kf]v/faf;Lx?
;8sdf plqP / cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf cfkm"nfO{ lgle{stfk"j{s pEofP . /fhwfgL s ]lGb|t cfGbf]ng ca d'n'se/ km}lng yfn]sf] 5 .
cfh lbpF;f] ;f9] tLg ah] sf7df8f}+sf] gofF ;8sdf k|ltudg lj/f]wL bnåf/f cfof]lht h'n';df bzf}+ xhf/sf] ;xeflutf /x\of] . h'n;sf] cu'jfO g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf g]tf emngfy vgfn, lji0f' kf}8]n / x]d/fh /fO{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cfwf 306f;Dd h'n'; / ;'/IffsdL{aLr le8Gt e}/x\of] .
$ ah] emngfy vgfn, lji0f' kf}8]n, x]d/fh /fO{, k|bLk 1jfnL, k|]ds[i0f kf7s, o'jf;+3sf k|bLk s6'jfn, wgaxfb'/ >]i7 ;lxt # 6"s cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ l5GgleGg kfg]{ ;/sf/L k|of; k"0f{tM c;kmn ePsf] 5 .
g]tf / ;xsdL{x? lu/km\tf/ ePkl5 cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] sf7df8f}+ d"n zx/ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnPsf 5g\ . gofF ;8s, OGb|rf]s, sflGtky / /Tgkfs{df ljzfn h'n'; lgl:sPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ e}+;L af]Sg] 6"sdf sf]r]/ ;'/IffsdL{n] s'6lk6 ug{ yfn]kl5 qm'4 ePsf] hg;d'bfon] lvrfkf]v/Ldf Pp6f ;/sf/L df]6/ ;fOsn hnfOlbPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L Pp6f uf8L klg hn]sf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+ sf ;a} SofDk;df cfh lbge/L eL8Gt e}/x\of] . e[s'6Ld08kl:yt aflNdsL SofDk;leq k|j]z u/]/ ;'/IffsdL{n] 9'+ufd'9f u/]/ SofDk; tf]8kmf]8 ug{ yfn]kl5 k|ltsf/df plqPsf] ljBfyL{ ;d'xn] OlGhlgol/Ë SofDk; k'Nrf]s, /Tg/fHo, z+s/b]j / lqrGb| SofDk;x?af6 aflx/ lgl:sP/ lj/f]w hgfpg] / lgif]wf1f tf]8\g] sfd Ps};fy u/] .
cfh sLlt{k'/df ePsf] lj/f]w k|bz{gdfly cfqmd0f ug{ cfPsf] ;'/Iffkmf}hnfO{ hgtfn] k/flht u/]sf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gdfly cfqmd0f ug]{ ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] Knfli6s 9fn / nf7L vf];L pgLx?dfly g} nf7Lrfh{ ug{ yfn]kl5 ;'/IffsdL{x? ToxfFaf6 kl5 x6]sf lyP . cfh lu/km\tf/ x'g]x?df g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sld6L ;lrj /fd]Zj/ km'ofFn, z]/uDeL/ yfkf, dbg >]i7, ;'j0f{dfg 8+uf]n, s]zj lji6, gj/fh k/fh'nL x'g'x'G5 . o;}u/L cg]ls;+3sf dxf;lrj k|]d b+ufn nufot /fdrGb| e§/fO{, pdf sf]O/fnf klg lu/km\tf/ x'g'ePsf] 5 .
cg]/f:jljo'sf g]tf gf/fo0f a/fn Go'/f]8df ePs]f em8kdf, k|sfz zdf{ / u'0f/fh cfrfo{ e's'6Ld08kdf ePsf] em8kdf uDeL/ 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] rqm dNn / k|sfz Gof}kfg] sLlt{k'/df ePsf] em8kdf 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 . pxfFx? ;a}sf] pkrf/ sf7df8f}+ df]8]n c:ktfndf e}/x]sf] 5 .
o;}aLr kb\dsGof SofDk;af6 zfgbf/?kdf lg:ssf] h'n'z ljleGg afwf cj/f]w kf/ ub}{ / k|x/Lsf] 3]/f tf]8\b} clvn rf]sdf k'Ug ;kmn ePsf] lyof] / 8]df]qm];L jfndf wgf{df a;]sf] lyof] . o;}a]nf k|x/L x:tIf]k ePsf] lyof] / g]skf -Pdfn]_sf g]tf ci6nIdL zfSo, zfGtf dfgjL, pld{nf cof{n, uf}/f sf]O/fnf tyf g]sfsf z}nhf cfrfo{, lnnf sf]O/fnf nufot (% hgf dlxnf k|bz{gsf/Lx?nfO{ k'?if k|x/Ln] ;dfpFb}, tfGb}, af]Sb} b'O{j6f 6"sdf sf]r]/ nluPsf] lyof] .

ljxfg} k|bz{g, lu/km\tf/L
sf7df8f}+ . /fhwfgLsf] rqmky If]qleq ;/sf/åf/f 3f]lift …b+ufu|:t If]qÚ 3f]if0ffsf] cfh !@ cf}+ lbg klg cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] cj1f u/]sf 5g\ . cfh laxfg sf7df8f}+sf] tLgs'g]df g]skf -Pdfn]_åf/f cfof]lht lj/f]w h'n'; k|bz{g;lxt ;/sf/L 3f]if0ffsf] cj1fsf] qmddf k|x/Låf/f w/ks8 ul/Psf] 5 .
ljxfg &=#) ah]lt/ ePsf] pQm w/ks8df g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o eLd cfrfo{, afudtL c~rn ;dGjo sld6Lsf ;lrj c?0f g]kfn, sf]zL c~rn ;dGjo sld6Lsf ;b:ox? laho ;'Aaf / k/z'/fd d]3L u'?ª, sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sld6Lsf ;b:o ljb'/ d}gfnL, bf]nvf lhNnf sld6Lsf ;lrj lzj e08f/L nufot dfwj hL;L, e'jg s];L, gf/fo0f v8\sf, 8Da/ /]UdL / cfgGb >]i7 lu/km\tf/ x'g'ePsf] 5 .
o;}aLr, cfGbf]ng ljs]lGb|t ug]{ of]hgf cfh ;a} 7fpFdf ;kmntfk"j{s cf/De ePsf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7sf] g]t[Tjdf sfdgkfsf] !# g+= j8fdf lgsflnPsf] h'n''; !$ g+= df k'u]/ ;dfkg eof] . cfh} (, #$ / #% g+= j8fx?df lgsflnPsf] h'n';dfly ;/sf/L x:tIf]k eof] . cfh} laxfg sf]6]Zj/ ax'd'vL SofDk;df ljBfyL{x?n] k|ltudgsf] k'TnfnfO{ bfualQ lbP .

cfGbf] ngdf pkTosfJofkL nx/
n't] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLsf] xfp b]vfP/ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;lxt rqmkyleqsf] If]qnfO{ b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]lift u/]kl5 ;/sf/L 3f]if0ffsf] cj1f ugf{sf ;fy} rqmky aflx/ cfGbf]ng lj:tf/ ug]{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] lg0f{o cfhb]lv sfof{Gjog x'g yfn]sf] 5 . h ;cg';f/ cfh pkTosfsf ljleGg pks]Gb|x?df e]nf, sld6L u7g h:tf sfdx? ePsf 5g\ .
cfh} sLlt{k'/df ToxfFsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;zQm t'Nofpg cfGbf]ngsf/L rf/bnsf] ;+o'Qm e]nf ePsf] lyo f] . e]nfn] …sLlt{k'/ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng kl/rfng ;+oGqÚ sf] u7g u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ cem Aofks agfpg g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo hgcfGbf]ngdf ;+rfng ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg / pkTosf ;dGjo sld6Lsf] ;+of]hg cg';f/ sfnLdf6L-sn+sL pks]Gb| cGtu{tsf lhNnf sld6Lsf ;b:ox?, Onfsf ;lrjx?, ;b:ox?, zfvf ufpF÷gu/ sld6Lsf ;lrj÷pk;lrjx?, ;Dks{ d+r / ljleGg k]zfut If]qsf k|ltlglwx? nufot cu'jf sfo{stf{x?sf] cfh ljxfg tLg yfgfsf] uf=lj=; ejgdf e]nf e} ljleGg of]hgfx?
to ul/Psf] 5 .
g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL sld6Lsf ;b:o o'j/fh 1jfnLsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ePsf] pQm e]nf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ci6nIdL zfSosf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm e]nfn] ci6nIdL zfSosf] g]t[Tjdf %! ;b:oLo cfGbf]ng kl/rfng sld6L / !# ;b:oLo ;lrjfnosf] u7g u¥of] . of] sld6Lsf] sfof{no If]q g+= ^ sf] kf6L{ sfof{no sfnLdf6Ldf ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L sf7df8f}+sf] dflyNnf] zx/L If]q c;g Pl/ofdf cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg c;g-If]qkf6L hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs /fh]Gb| >]i7 x'g'x'G5 . ;fy}, tNnf] zx/L If]qdf cfGbf]ng a9fpg c;g-nug pks]Gb| u7g ul/Psf] 5 / To;sf] ;+of]hs s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7 x'g'x'G5 .

x]6f }8f /fhwfgL;Fu hf]l8of]
sf7df8f}+af6 ;zQm?kdf kf]v/fdf lj:tf/ ePsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] /fk ca x]6f}8fdf klg ;/]sf] 5 . …/fhwfgLsf] bËfu|:t If]q 3f]if0ff lkmtf{ u/Ú eGg] gf/f ;lxt lxhf]b]lv x]6f}8f tfTg yfn]sf] 5 . lxhf] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf eft[;+u7gx?sf] ;xeflutfdf x]6f}8f ahf/df k|ltudgsf] k'tnf bxg ul/Psf] lyof] .
lxhf] @))) sf] h'n';n] gu/kl/qmdf u/]sf] lyof] . h'n';df k|ltudg / b+ufu|:t If]qsf] lj/f]w ePsf] lyof] .
hgcfGbf] ng ;dfrf/ a'n]l6gaf6

Go'XofDk;fo/df gofF jif{

sf]dn kf]v/]n
Go'XofDk;fo/ clk|n @!, @))$

g]kfnL ljqmd ;Dat\ @)^! ;fnnfO{ æGo"XofDk;fo/ g]kfnL ;d'bfoÆsf tkm{af6 xiff]{Nnf;sf ;fy :jfut ul/Psf] 5 .
ut clk|n !& tfl/v zlgaf/ ;fFem Go'XofDk;fo/ j/k/ a:g] em08} b'O{ ;osf] ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] gofF jif{ dgfpg] qmddf :yfgLo g]kfnL snfsf/x?n] g]kfnL nf]sg[To, nf]suLtsf ;fy} cfw'lgs uLt / cfw'lgs g[Tosf] k:t't u/]sf lyP .
gofF jif{sf] :jfut ug{ cfpg] ;a} g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;d'bfosf sfo{sf/L cWoIf /ljg yfkfn] :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf xfn} dfq :yfkgf ul/Psf] Go'XofDk;fo/ g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] ljwfg d;f}bf df]xg lu/Ln] k9]/ ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
cfkm\g} g]kfnL ;d'bfoleqsf kfsgz}nLdf lgk"0f{ ;b:ox?af6 tof/ ul/Psf] :jflbi6 g]kfnL vfgf tof/ u/]/ pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ g]kfnL df}lnstf k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
z'ifdf zdf{n] pb\3f]if0f ug'{ePsf] pQm g]kfnL gofF jif{sf] sfo{qmd em08} 5 306f rn]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf cj;/df r'6\lsnfsf] k|:t'ltn] sfo{qmdnfO{ cem /f]rs agfPsf] lyof] .

;flxTosf/ bLlIft / d~h'n k'/:s[t

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L clk|n !(, @))$

a;'Gw/fdfg k|lti7fg, sf7df8f}+n] @)^! sf nflu a;'Gw/f>L / dfg>L k'/:sf/ qmdzM ;flxTosf/ dbgdl0f bLlIft / d~h'nnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
a}zfv ^ ut] cyf{t\ clk|n !*, @))$ df pQm k'/:sf/sf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] .
a;'Gw/f>L k'/:sf/sf] /fzL krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF /x]sf] 5 eg] dfg>L k'/:sf/sf] /fzL krL; xhf/ ?k}ofF /x]sf] 5 .
a;'Gw/fdfg k|lti7fgn] ljlzi6 z}nL, ;f]r / ljifosf af}l4s / cfw'lgs syf / pkGof;x?sf] ;[h{gf4f/f cfw'lgs g]kfnL uB ;flxTonfO{ ;fy{s, ;d[4 / ;d'Ggt u/L ljZj ;flxTo kmfF6df g]kfn / g]kfnL efiff ;flxTosf] :yfg / klxrfg pRr / cIf'00f /fVg cfkm\gf] hLGbuL ck{0f ug]{ ;flxTosf/x?sf nflu of] k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] s'/f k|sflzt lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
o;cl3 a;'Gw/f>L k'/:sf/4f/f dfwjk|;fb l3ld/] -@)%&_, bf}ntljsqmd lji6 -@)%*_, uf]ljGbaxfb'/ dNn uf]7fn] -@)%(_ / ob'gfy vgfn -@)^)_ ;Ddflgt eO;Sg'ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L dfg>L k'/:sf/ o;cl3 lbg]z clwsf/L -@)%&_, ljgo /fjn -@)%*_, cz]if dNn -@)%(_ / 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n -@)^)_ nfO{ k|bfg ul/O;s]sf] 5 .
oL b'j} k'/:sf/ cfpFbf] c;f]h !# ut] Ps ;df/f]xsf aLr k|bfg ul/g] ePsf] s'/f pQm k|lti7fgsf cWoIf b'a;' If]qL tyf ;b:o ;lrj s[;' If]qLn] k7fpg'ePsf] lj1lKtdfdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

sdn yfkfnfO{ avf{:t ug]{ ;'emfj

clk|n !(, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . d'n'sdf ;+rflnt ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf] qmddf ;+nUg kqsf/x¿dfly /fHon] nf7Lrfh{ u/L 3fOt] agfpg], cgfjZos lu/km\tf/ ug]{, zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s oftgf lbg] sfo{ eO/x]sf]df k]zfut dxf;+3, g]kfnn] 3f]/ lgGbf / eT;{gf u/]sf] 5 .
æg]kfnL hgtfnfO{ x/]s 36gfsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ / ;';"lrt x'g kfpg] clwsf/sf nflu >dhLjL kqsf/x¿n] lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf] e"ldsfdf ;/sf/n] u/]sf] o; lsl;dsf] bdgn] Psflt/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;';"lrt x'g kfpg] clwsf/ s'l07t ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ k]|; :jtGqtfsf] xsdf lgd{d k|xf/ ePsf] 5 . ctM o; lsl;dsf] bdg / x:tIf]k tTsfn aGb u/L g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;';"lrt x'g kfpg] clwsf/sf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt ug{ / k]|; :jtGqtfsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ k]zfut dxf;+3, g]kfn hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] kqsf/x¿ pk/sf] bdgsf lj¿4 ;+rfng u/]sf] lj/f]w sfo{qmdk|lt xflb{s P]Soa4tf k|s6 ub{5 .Æ dxf;+3åf/f cfh hf/L lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;efklt tf/fgfy bfxfnnfO{ 6]lnkmf]gdf kqsf/x¿dfly ePsf] bdgk|lt b'Mv k|s6 u/] klg pxfFnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf dfkmL dfUg / ;+rf/dGqL sdn yfkfnfO{ avf{:t ug{'kg]{ c8fg k'gM bf]xf]¥ofOPsf] ;efklt bfxfnn] pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;fy} dxf;+3n] cf-cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qdf cfd kqsf/n] sfnf] k§L afFwL bdgsf] eT;{gf / lj/f]w ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] ;d]t lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

k|x/Ln] ;Da]bgzLn c+udf lxsf{pg yfn]
sf7df8f}+ . zflGtk"0f{ ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] !( cf}+ lbg cfh Go"/f]8 lkknaf]6af6 lg:s]sf] h'n';df /fHon] h'4 zflns glhs x:tIf]k u/]sf] 5 .
pQm h'n;af6 g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:o s]zj a8fn, s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ ;'/]Gb| kf08], /fh]Gb| >]i7, /3'jL/ dxf;]7, u+ufnfn t'nfw/nufotsf g]tfx¿;lxt ;of}+ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . k|x/Lsf] x:tIf]kaf6 cg]/f:jljo' s]Gb|Lo ;b:o dfwj 9'+u]n 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 .
b+ufu|:t If]qsf] pNn+3g ub}{ xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf lg:s]sf] h'n';n] ;'/IffsdL{sf] 3]/f tf]8\b} cl3 a9\b} hfFbf Go"/f]8df sf]0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm sf]0f;efnfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fh]Gb| >]i7n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cfh lu/km\tf/ x'g]x¿df g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf g/xl/ cfrfo{, tLy{/fd 8+uf]n tyf Pdfn]sf v]d nf]xgL, 6Lsf r]Dhf]ª, s}nfz 9'+u]n, ;Togf/fo0f ofbj cflb x'g'x'G5 . h'n;sf] g]t[Tj ug]{df kz'klt rf}nfufO{+ klg x'g'x'GYof] . k|x/L x:tIf]k kZrft\ Go"/f]8df cfGbf]ngsf/L / ;'/IffsdL{aLr rsf]{ d'7e]8 ePsf] 5 . To;}qmddf hgtfn] af ! k #%&@ gDa/sf] ;/sf/L df]6/;fOsndf cfuf] nufOlbPsf 5g\ . afuahf/ / /Tgkfs{ If]qdf s]lGb|t cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfh Go"/f]8 s]lGb|t ul/Psf] lyof] . cfGbf]ngdfly bdg ug{ /fHon] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf k|x/L t}gfy u/]sf] lyof] . lu/km\tf/ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ k|x/Ln] b]lvg] u/L 3fOt] gkfg]{ t/ a'6n] ;Dj]bgzLn c+ux¿df lxsf{P/ d/0ff;Gg t'Nofpg] oftgfsf] gofF tl/sf k|of]u u/]sf] kLl8tx¿n] hgfPsf 5g\ .

cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly d08n]sf] cfqmd0f
kf]v/fdf laxfg ( ah] afcr $&(* gDa/sf] /ftf] Kn]6sf] uf8Ldf cfPsf ;/sf/ ;+/lIft u'08fx¿sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf:sL lhNnf sld6Lsf ;b:ox¿ bfdf]b/ a}/fuL, O{Zj/L Gof}kfg];lxt huGgfy af:tf]nf, emDsgfy kf}8]n, s'zaxfb'/ ;f¿ / xs{axfb'/ u'¿ª 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] 5 . 3fOt]x¿sf] :yfgLo km]jf l;6L c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefu k|d'v k|lbk g]kfnn] d08n]x¿sf] pQm cfqmd0fsf] lgGbf / eT;{gf ub}{ 5fgljgsf] dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 .
;]tf] Kn]6sf] ;/sf/L uf8L rNg glbg] k"j{ 3f]lift sfo{qmd cGtu{t k[YjLrf]sdf hDdf ePsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿dfly d08n]x¿n] cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP . To;sf] lj/f]wdf cfh @ ah] k[YjLrf]sb]lv l;h{gfrf]s x'Fb} k'gM k[YjL rf]s;Dd lj/f]w h'n'z lgsfnL cfd;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfqmf]l;t hg;d'bfon] k[YjLrf]s / l;h{gf rf]sdf /x]sf k|x/L la6 Wj:t kfl/lbPsf / To;qmddf s}of}+ k|x/L 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . d08n] cfqmd0fsf] lj/f]wdf ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;ldlt sf:sLn] to u/]sf] lj/f]w k|bz{g / dzfn h'n'; ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . $ ah] ljBfyL{x¿n] dzfn h'n'; lgsfn]sf 5g\ / k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;df lj/f]w;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm cj;/df cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o /fhLj kxf/L, g]lj;+3sf k""0f{k|;fb ltlD;gf, clvn -PsLs[t_sf gj/fh 9'+ufgf / :jljo' ;efklt ;f]leot 9sfnn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf eQm u'¿ªnufotsf ljBfyL{ / hgdf]rf{sf kl/ yfkfnufotsf /fhgLlts g]tfx¿nfO{ gh/aGbdf /fv]sf] lj/f]wdf ;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] cfh b]ze/Lsf SofDk;x¿df tfnfaGbL u/]sf 5g\ . cf:yfsf aGbLx¿nfO{ ;;Ddfg l/xfO{ gu/]df ljBfyL{x¿n] cem s8f sbd rfNg] / cfd z}lIfs x8\tfndf pqg ;Sg] r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ .
sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem Jojl:yt agfpg g]skf -Pdfn]_n] ljleGg t]¥xj6f s]Gb|x¿ v8f u/L pkTosfsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ rsf{pg] of]hgfdf h'6]sf] 5 . o;n] d'Vo zx/ /Tgkfs{, afuahf/, k'tnL;8s / Go"/f]8;Fu} l;+uf] pkTosfdf cfGbf]ng p7fpg] hgfPsf] 5 .
k|hftGq, zflGt tyf dfgjclwsf/ axfnLsf] lglDt r}t !( ut]b]lv rn]sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;dfhsf] ;+uf] ;d'bfosf] ;xefuLtf a9]kl5 lx+;|s bdgdf plqPsf] c;+j}wflgs ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w ub}{ ljleGg lhNnfn] cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx¿sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df ;'g;/L lhNnfdf g]skf -Pdfn]_, g]kfnL sfFu|]; / hgdf]rf{sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] a}7sn] j}zfv & b]lv !# ut];Dd cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]s]f 5 . lhNnf:t/Lo ¿kdf ;+rflnt x'g] tL sfo{qmd cGtu{t /fhwfgLsf] b+ufu|:t If]qsf] 3f]if0ff lkmtf{ x'g'kg]{, cGofok"0f{ 9+un] aGbL agfOPsfx¿sf] l/xfO x'g'kg]{ dfu /fv]sf] 5 .

g]kfnLx?sf] gofF aif{ 8lAngdf

;'dg l3ld/]
cfo/Nof08 clk|n !(, @))$

æhxfF uP klg, htf a;] klg, g]kfnLsf] d'6'df l;uf]+ g]kfn x'G5Æ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy a}zfv @ ut] @)^! sf lbg gofF aif{sf] pknIodf kf/]/ cfo/Nof08sf] /fhwfgL 8lAngdf k|yd g]kfnL e]nf ;dfkg eof] .
g]kfn cfo/Nof08 ;dfh¢f/f cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmddf cfo/Nof08df /x]sf ljBfyL{ / cGo k]zfdf ;+nUg sl/j (& hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf s]xL cfOl/;x?sf] pkl:yltn] cem al9 /f]rstf ylkPsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfn cfo/Nof08 ;dfhsf cWoIf s[i0f s'df/ 8+uf]nn] :jfut dGtJo lb+b} cfo/Nof08df gofF cfpg] g]kfnLx?nfO{ Psh'6 x'g cfu|x ug{' ePsf] lyof] . o;} u/L u+uf/fd s+8]n, /fhg sfkmn], ho/fd jfUn], ls/0f l;+x cf]ln, gj/fh sf]O/fnf, hLjg ltldlN;gf / bLk]z dfg zfSon] klg ;dfhsf] dxTj / o;sf] e'ldsfaf/] rrf{ ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdnfO{ /f]rs agfpg sfo{qmd ;+of]hs bLk]zdfg zfSon] lj+uf] v]nfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
a]nfotsf nflu tTsfnLg g]kfnL /fhb't l;+x axfb'/ j:g]tsf] k|d'v cltYodf g]kfn cfo/Nof08 ;dfhsf] :yfkgf !& h'g @))) ;fndf ePsf] lyof] . o; ;+:yfsf] cWoIfdf s[i0f s'df/ 8+uf]n, pkfWoIfdf /fd gf/fo0f kf}8]n, ;lrjdf hLjg ltldlN;gf, ;x ;lrjdf k|sfz dfnL / sf]iffWoIfodf u+uf/fd >]i7 x'g'x'G5 . ;dfhsf] k|d'v ;Nnfxfsf/df lzj uf}td /xg' ePsf] 5 .