;dfrf/ ;+If]k   clen]vfno

g]kfn aGbn] NofPsf] 3f6faf/] 8f= k|wfgf+u eGg'x'G5

ef]h/fh ef6
d] @!, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . Ps lbgsf] g]kfn aGbn] k|lt g]kfnLnfO{ $& ¿k}oFf %( k};f 3f6f x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Ps lbg] g]kfn aGbsf] k|efjn] x/]s g]kfnLsf] yfKnf]df tLg ;o ¿k}oFf yk C0fsf] Jojef/ v]Kg'kg]{ l:ylt cfPsf] Ps cWoogn] hgfPsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+ l/;r{ ;]06/n] u/]sf] pQm cWoogdf Ps lbgsf] aGbn] b]znfO{ Ps ca{ !) s/f]8 !( nfv ^) xhf/ @ ;o (! ¿k}oFf a/fa/sf] gf]S;fg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . aGbsf] bL3{sflng c;/sf ¿kdf # c/a *% s/f]8 ^( nfv @& xhf/ % ;o !( ¿k}oFf gf]S;fg x'g] u/]sf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ljut !) jif{df dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLnufot ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] (& k6s g]kfnaGb tyf pkTosf aGbsf] cfx\jfg u/]sf]n] s"n u|fx:y{ pTkfbgdf &) ca{ ?k}of"sf] 3f6f nfUg k'u]sf] 5 .
jGbsf] k|efjsf sf/0f /fi6"sf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf !!=$^ k|ltztn] k|efj kg]{ u/]sf] l/;r{ ;]06/sf ;+of]hs 8f=;'/]Gb|eQm k|wfgf+u atfpg'x'G5 . pxfFsf cg';f/ ljlxaf/;Ddsf] kl5Nnf] g]kfnaGb dfq () k6s ljleGg kf6L{n] cfof]hgf ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
8f= k|wfgf+usf cg';f/ Ps lbgsf] g]kfn aGbn] tLg lbg;Dd k|efj kfg]{ u/]sf] 5 . tLg lbgsf] g]kfn aGbn] gf} lbgsf] k|efj x'g] u/]sf] 5 . lbg lbg} sdfP/ vfg'kg]{ lgDg juL{o JolQmx¿sf nflu Ps lbgsf] g]kfn aGbn] tLg 5fs ef]s} a:g'kg]{ l:ylt /x]sf] 5 .
@)$* ;fndf g]=s=kf Pstfs]Gb|n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] g]kfn aGbkl5 b]zdf o;sf] km]zg h:t} eO;s]sf] 5 cfhef]ln . cWoogdf () k|ltzt hltn] g]kfn aGbnfO{ ¿rfpb}gg\, t/ bafa / r]tfjgLsf sf/0f pQm cfof]hgfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsg] cj:yf klg g/x]sf] b]lvPsf]] 5 .
aGbn] Jofkf/ Joj;fo, lgof{t, pBf]u, /f]huf/, oftfoft, ko{6g, z}lIfs, ;fdflhs, zflGt-;'/Iff, /fHf:j÷eG;f/cflbsf] u0fgf u/L To;af6 x'g] ;Defljt 3f6fsf cfwf/df sf7df8f}+ l/;r{ ;]06/n] pQm cWoog ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . ko{6g If]]qdf Ps lbgsf] aGbn] bL3{sflng c;/ kfg]{ ePsf]n] ljb]zL d'b||fdf @=&$ k|ltzt sdL cfpg] lgZsif{ ;]06/n] lgsfn]sf] 5 .
jGbsf] k|efjaf6 ko{6g If]qdf @%b]lv #) ;d"xn] ed|0f /2 ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . aGbsf] oxLqmd hf/L /lx/xg] xf] eg] g]kfnsf] bL3{sflng ko{6g If]q w/f;oL eP/ hfg] 8f= k|wfgf+usf] egfO 5 . ;]06/n] @)%! ;fndf ul/Psf] Ps lbg] g]kfn aGb x'Fbf % s/f]8 gf]S;fg ePsf] lgZsif{ lgsfn]sf] lyof] .
TfTsflng cj:yfdf g]kfn aGbsf] k|efj s]xL k|d"x gu/ If]qdf ;Lldt ePsf]df clxn] Jofkstf kfPsf] pxfFn] kfpg'ePsf] 5 . o;/L af/Daf/ aGbsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnsf] cj:yfdf Oyf]lkof / ;f]dflnofeGbf gfh"s x'g] wf/0ff 8f= k|wfgf+usf] /x]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefun] k|sflzt u/]sf] cfly{s jif{ @)%!.)%@ sf] d"Nosf] cfwf/df k6sk6ssf] aGbn] cfly{s ultljlwx? k|efljt eO{ d'n'sn] Ps lbgsf] aGbdf cf};tdf &@ s/f]8 ## nfv @) xhf/ ?k}of"sf] 3f6f Joxf]g'{k/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .
g]kfn aGbsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ kf6L{df ;a}eGbf a9L g]=s=kf= Pdfn] / g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbL g} /x]sf 5g\ . aGbsf] c;/jf/] 8f= k|wfgf+u eGg'x'G5, …cjsf lbgdf kf6L{n] aGbsf] ;§f cGo s'g} dfWodåf/f lj/f]w cfof]hgf ug{'k5{ gls aGbsf] gfddf cft+s dRrfP/ b'Mv lbg' x'Fb}g .Ú g]kfn aGbnfO{ /fhg}lts xltof/ agfpg gx'g] 8f= k|wfgf+usf] wf/0ff 5 .
@)$* ;fnb]lv @)^) ;fn r}t d;fGt;Dd g]kfnaGb tyf cfdx8tfn $* k6s, sf7df8f}+ pkTosf tyf gf/fo0fL c~rn aGb #& k6s, klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q aGb # k6s / cGo aGb $ k6s u/L hDdf (@ k6s aGbsf] cfx\jfg ul/Psf] tyf @)^! ;fndf kf"r /fhgLlts bnx¿n] j}zfv @( / #) ut] u/L b'O{lbg] cfdx8tfn tyf h]7 %, ^ / & ut] ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLn] cfx\jfg u/]sf] tLg lbg] g]kfnaGb u/L hDdf && lbg g]kfn aGb x'gk'u]sf] 5 .

Hf]7df klg b]p;L-e}nL sfo{qmd Û

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ d] @), @))$

P eg eg efO xf]== b]p;L /]== . P /fd|/L eg== b]p;L /]= . P ltxf/sf] xf]Og=== b]p;L /]=== . k|hftGqsf] nflu=== b]p;L /]== . cfGbf]ng ug{ ====b]p;L /]== . cfPsf xfdL ===b]p;L /] === . P hf]/n] eg === b]p;L /] === .
ljlxaf/ lbp;f] ;f9] b'O{ ah] /fhwfgLdf k"j{ dg;'gsf] em/L kl//x]sf] lyof] . s]xL lr/kl/lrt cg'xf/ b]p;L /]== eGb} ufpFb} gf/f nufPsf b]lvGy] . em§ x]bf{ pgLx¿nfO{ s;}s;}n] h]7sf] dlxgfdf b]p;Le}nf] v]Ng] …v':s6Ú ;d"x xf] ls eGfL cfz+sf klg u/] . ;fgf] xft] dfOs af]s]/ b]p;Lsf] efsf nfpb} u/]sf rlr{t snfsf/ czf]s zdf{nfO{ b]Vbf aNn of] snfsf/sf] ;d"x xf] egL kTof/ nfUbYof] .
k|hftGqsf] k'g{:yfkgfsf] nflu rnlrq snfsf/x¿sf] ;d"xn] /fhwfgLsf] l8NnL ahf/ lkknaf]6af6 ;f+s]lts lj/f]w:j¿ksf] b]p;L ¥ofnL lgsfn]sf x'g\ . ltxf/sf] b]p;L / ljlxaf/sf] lj/f]w ¥ofnLdf vf;} cGt/ lyPg . pgLx¿ 3/-3/df guO ;8s ;8sdf dfOsdf ufpFb} lxl8/x]sf lyP . ;a}n] dfOssf] :j/df :j/ ylk/x]sf lyP . b]p;L ¥ofnLsf efsfx¿ klg lgs} dfld{s lyP, k|hftGqsf ufyfx¿ ;d]l6Psf .
P eg eg efO xf]=== b]p;L /]== . P lemlnldnL 5}g=== b]p;L /] ==. P pHofnf] 5}g== b]p;L /] === . P ljsf; 5}g === b]p;L /] == . P zflGt 5}g=== b]p;L /] == . P k|hftGq 5}g===b]p;L /]== . P lsg 5}g egL ===== b]p;L /]== . P ;Dem]/ Nofpbf=====b]p;L /]= == . P lrQ} b'V5 == b]p:fL /] == .
Hf]7sf] em/Ldf jiff{ eO/x]sf] lyof] . snfsf/x¿ lrRofP/ b]p;Lsf efsf 3GsfO/x]sf lyP . b]p;Lsf uLtem} oxfFklg …P xfdL To;} cfPsf xf]Ogf}==== hgtfn] k7fPsf === Ú eGg] h:tf efsf nufO/x]sf] ;'lgGYof] . …P lrKnf] af6f] ==== n8\b} k9\b}= === cfPsf xfdLÚ eGbf t sl/a sl/a s'/f ldNg hfGYof] . p;f] t l8NnL ahf/sf] psfnf] clxn] /fd|f] sfnf]kq] eO;s]sf] 5 t}klg ;8s lrNnfOnf] b]lvGYof] . ;a} snfsf/ lgy'|s leHb} lxl8/x]sf lyP .
P g]kfndf cfh===== b]p;L /] == . P ;f]/7L 5}g === b]p;L /] == . P bf]x/L 5}g == b]p;L /] == . P b]p8f 5}g ===b]p;L /] == . P lsg 5}g egL ===b]p;L /] == . P ;f]w]/ NofpFbf == b]p;L /] == . P b]zdf k|hftGq 5}g == b]p;L /] == . P eg eg efO xf]== b]p;L /]== . P hf]/n] eg === b]p;L /] === .
/f]rs kIf s] /x\of] eg] du+naf/ /fhfaf6 bz{ge]6 kfPsf sf]xL klg snfsdL{x¿ of] b]p;L lj/f]w h'n'zdf b]lvPgg\ . rlr{t snfsf/x¿ hn zfx, j;'Gw/f e'iffn, e'jg rGb, s[i0f dNn, zld{nf dNn, z'lznf /fodfemL, e'jg s];L, lzj >]i7, /fh]z xdfn, ;Gtf]if kGt, xl/j+z cfrfo{, dbgs[i0f >]i7, ldlynf zdf{ cflb sf]xL klg lyPg o; h'n';df .
xfn;fn} g]kfn rnlrq ljsf; af]8{sf ;b:odf lgo"Qm x'g'ePsf lkmNd lgdf{tf÷ lgb]{zs Pj+ snfsf/ czf]s zdf{ cfkm" k|hftGqk|lt c3ft cf:yf ePsf]n] ;8sdf plqPsf] atfpg'x'G5 . tkfO{n] /fhfaf6 bz{ge]6 gkfP/ cfGbf]ngdf plqg'ePsf] xf] / Û egL k|Zg ubf{ zdf{sf] egfO lyof], …xf]Og, xfdL clxn] oxfF hf]-hf] 5f]+, ;a} k|hftGqsf] kIfdf, hgtfn] zf;g ug{'k5{ eGg] dfGotfn] cfPsf xf}+ .Ú

dfwj g]kfn PSn} b/jf/ uP

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ d] @), @))$

>L % dxf/fhlw/fHf 1fg]Gb|af6 g]=s=kf Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnnfO{ ljlxaf/ j]n'sL bz{ge]6 aS; ePsf] 5 . a'waf/ cfGbf]ng/t kfFr kf6L{sf g]tfnfO{ ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6 lbPsf] nuQ} dxf;lrj g]kfnnfO{ k'gM b/af/af6 bz{g e]6 ug{ af]nfpg'nfO{ /fhg}lts j[ltdf lgs} cy{k"0f{¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 .
bz{ge]6sf nflu dxf;lrj g]kfnnfO{ ck/fGx rf/ ah] b/af/af6 af]nfj6 cfPsf] Pdfn]n] hgfPsf] 5 . bz{ge]6 hfg'cl3 g]kfnn] kfFr bnsf zLif{:y g]tfnfO{ JolQmut 6]lnkmf]g u/L /fhb/af/ hfg]af/] ;Nnfx lng'ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
dxf;lrj g]kfn b/af/af6 j]n'sL ;f9] cf7 ah]dfq kmls{g'ePsf] lyof] . kmls{g]qmddf dxf;lrj g]kfnn] ;+jfbbftfx¿;Fu s'/fsfgL ub}{ /fhf;Fusf] e]63f6df JolQmut k|wfgdGqL agfpg] ;DaGwdf eGbf klg ljleGg gLltut ¿kdf ;Nnfx ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
a'waf/ kfFr bnsf g]tfx¿n] /fhf;dIf d'n'ssf] rf}tkmL{ ;d:ofsf nflu ;+:fbsf] k'g{:yfkgf / ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ u7g x'g'kg{] dfu /fv]sf lyP . >L % ;Fusf] e]63f6af6 lrQ ga'emfPsf cfGbf]ng/t kfFr bnsf zLif{:y g]tfx¿n] ljlxjf/ g} cfGbf]ngsf gofF sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . kfFr bnåf/f ul7t cfGbf]ng ;ldltsf] ;+o"Qm sfo{bn j}7sn] wgf{, h'n'; nufotsf ljleGg sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ .
gofF cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmd cg';f/ z'qmaf/ /Tgkfs{df e]nf eO wgf{, h'n'; / lj/f]w ;ef ug]{, zlgaf/ /Tgkfs{af6} sfnf] em08f lgsfNg] sfo{qmd to u/]sf 5g\ . h]7 !) /Tgkfs{df wgf{ / lj/f]w h'n'; hf/L /fVb} ;fFem d;fn h'n'; lgsfNg] sfo{qmd 5 . To:t}, h]7 !! ut] o'jf ljBfyLx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf lj/f]w h'n'; cfof]hgf ul/g]ePsf] 5 .

bnx¿nfO{ ldl8ofsf] /fhgLlt u/]sf] /fhfsf] cf/f]k

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, d] !(, @))$

>L % dxf/fhlw/fhaf6 kfFr bnsf zLif{:y g]tfx¿nfO{ a'waf/ gfufh{'g b/af/df ;fd'lxs bz{ge]6 aS:of] . bz{ge]6sf cj;/df kfFr bnsf g]tfx¿n] /fhf;dIf ;+;bsf] k'g{:yfkgf x'g]{ d"Vo dfu cufl8 ;f/]sf 5g\ . To:t}, g]tfx¿n] kfFr bnsf] l;kmfl/zdf ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ u7g x'g'kg]{, ;+;bsf] Dof08]8 adf]lhd /fli6"o d'4f / dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf ljifodf sfd ug{ kfpg'kg]{ s'/f dxf/fhlw/fh ;dIf /fv]sf lyP .
a'waf/ ;f9] 5 ah] bz{ge]6sf nflu b/af/ k;]sf g]tfx¿ kf}g] cf7 ah] aflx/ lg:s]sf lyP . gfufh{'g b/af/af6 lgl:sb} u/]sf k"j{ k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] ;+jfbbftfx¿;Fu eGGf'eof], … b]zsf] l:yltjf/] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f dxf/fhlw/fh ;dIf /fVof}+ . dfcf]jfbLaf6 x'g;Sg] ;Defljt cfqmd0faf6 klg aRg / b]zsf] lgsf;sf nflu ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ x'g'k5{ egL hf]8 lbof}+ .Ú
pxFfn] cufl8 eGg'eof], …;+ljwfg lqmofzLn agfpgsf nflu dxf/fhlw/fhaf6 ;Daf]wg x'g'k5{, kFfr kf6L{af6 ;/sf/s]f k|wfgdGqL x'g'k5{, dxf/fhlw/fhn] uDeL/¿kdf s'/f ;'lgaS:of] .Ú /fhfaf6 kfFr bnsf] s'g} sbd gcfPdf clxn]sf] s] x'G5 eGg] ;+jfbbftsf] k|Zgdf sf]O/fnfsf] egfO lyof], …hj;Dd o;sf] kl/df0f cfpb}g ta;Dd cfGbf]ng rln/xg]5 .Ú sf]O/fnfn] cfhsf] e]6af6 vf;} cfzfjfbL g/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
bz{ge]6kl5 b/af/aflx/ lgl:sg]qmddf g]=s=kf Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] eGg'eof], …cfhsf] ;fd'lxs bz{ge]6df s;nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] eGbf klg ;fd'lxs d'2fdf 5nkmn eof], o;cl3 kfFr bnåf/f kfl/t ul/Psf !* a'b] Ph]08f g} bz{ge]6sf] d"n 5nkmnsf] ljifo /x\of] .Ú t/, pxfFn] /fhf;Fu ePsf] cGo 5nkmnaf6 jf/]df kqsf/x¿;dIf tTsfn s'/f ug{ rfxfg'ePg .
dxf/fhlw/fh / bnjLrsf] ljjfb ;'Nemfpg, /fli6"o ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;+;bsf] k'g{:yfkgf x'g'kg]{ sf]O/fnfsf] lhls/ lyof] . g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ -cfGfGb]jL_sf pkfWoIf e/tljdn ofbjn] >L % ;uFsf] bz{ge]6 ;sf/fTds ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], …rGb / yfkf ;/sf/n] u'dfPsf] hgfwf/ cjsf] ;/sf/nfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg klg ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ agfpg'kg{] xfdLn] df};"km;dIf ;'emfj lbof}+ .Ú
g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg lje'mS5]n] df};"km;dIf g]tfx¿n] ;+;bsf] k'g{:yfkgf ug{'kg}{ dfu /fVbf /fhfaf6 …dnfO{ ;+ljwfgeGbf aflx/ tfGg' ePg lgÚ egL x's'd ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] / pxfFn] bz{ge]6sf qmddf k|wfgdGqL kbeGbf klg k4ltaf/] /fhf;+u 5nkmn ePsf] atfpg'eof] . To:t} /fli6"o hgdf]rf{ kf6L{sf cWoIf clds z}/rgn] dxf/fhlw/fhaf6 bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ ldl8ofsf] cf8df /fhgLlt ug{g'xg] wf/0ff /flVfAfS;]sf] atfpg'eof] .
bz{ge]6 ug{ hfg'cl3 kfFr} bnsf zLif{:y g]tfx¿ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL Pj+ g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] dxf/fhu~hl:yt lgjf;df e]6sf Ph]08fjf/] 5nkmn u/L /fhf;dIf ;fd'lxs cfjfh p7fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf lyP . /fhf;Fusf] e]63f6df s'g} JolQm ljz]ifnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfOg] eGbf klg kfFr bnåf/f hf/L ul/Psf] cfGbf]ng / To;sf] lgsf; cflbsf d'Vo d'2fdf 5nkmn ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
gfufh{'g b/af/sf] d"n 9f]sfcufl8 g]kfnL tyf ljb]zL ;~rf/dfWoddf sfo{/t kqsf/x¿sf] lgs} 7"nf] le8 lyof] .

;8s cfGbf]ng hf/L

k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] j}zfv @% ut] /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 d'n's clxn];Dd ;/sf/ljlxg 5 .
>L % af6 rf/ bnsf zLif{:y g]tfnfO{ ;fd'lxs bz{ge]6 lbPklg a'wjf/ pgLx¿sf sfo{stf{n] eg] cfGbf]ngnfO{ hf/L /fv] . kfFr bnsf] lj/f]w k|b{zg d"Votof /Tgkfs{df s]Gb|Lt lyof] .
o;}u/L kfFrbnn] nlntk'/df lj/f]w ;ef cfof]hgf u¥of] . pQm lj/f]w ;efdf g]kfnL sfu|];sf dxGy 7fs"/, g]skf Pdfn]sf s]za a8fnn] cflbn] ;Daf]wg ug{'eof] . eQmk'/df g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf] kxndf ;f9] 5 ah]kl5 dfq lj/f]w ;ef cfof]hgf ul/of] . o;}jLr g]kfnL sFfu|]; k|hftflGqsn] klg ef]6flx6Laf6 j]n'sL lj/f]w ¥ofnL lgsfNof] .
To;}u/L g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLåf/f cfjx\fg ul/Psf] tLg lbg] g]kfn aGbsf] bf]>f] lbg clw/fHoe/L hghLjg c:tJo:t eof] . a'wjf/ clw/fHoe/ nfdf] b'/Ldf ;Grfng x'g] oftfoft k"0f{ 7Kk /x]sf lyP eg] 5f]6f] b'/Lsf oftfoft kmf§-km'§ rn]sf lyP .
a'waf/ /fhwfgLsf] hghLjg ;fdfGo ePklg Jofkf/, Jojf;o cflb If]qdf k|ToIf k|efj k/]sf] lyof] . lbge/ /fhwfgLdf rn]sf ;jf/L ;fwgn] cfkm\gf] gDa/ Kn]6 5f]kL u'8fPsf lyP . sfnf] ld6/ 6\ofDk', ld6/ 6\ofS;L, l/S;fnufot cGo b'O{ kf+u|] uf8Lx¿ uNnL uNnLsf ;8sdf s]xL ;+Vofdf rn]sf b]lvGy] . ;femf / 6"nL a;df ;'/IffsdL{ a;L d"Vo d"Vo ;8sdf dfq rnfOPsf] lyof] . ;'/IffsdL{n] lgoGq0fdf /fv]sf s]xL lghL ;jf/LnfO{ klg pgLx¿s} ;'/Iffdf s]xL :yfgdf rnfOPsf b]lvGy] . a'waf/sf] aGbdf ;'/IffsdL{n] s8f ;'/IffhfFr lbPsf lyP .
pkTosfsf ahf/ If]qdf /x]sf k;nx¿ k|fo aGb eP, uNnLsf s]xL k;n v'n]sf b]lvGy] . aGbsf sf/0f P3f/ sIffsf kl/IffyL{x¿ ljxfgb]lv lx8]/ k/Liff s]Gb| k'u]sf b]lvGy] . ;/sf/L sfof{no hfg]x¿ ;a} lx8]/}+ uPsf b]Vg kfOGYof] . /fhwfgLdf aGbsf] k|ToIf k|efj k/]sf sf/0f ljleGg cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx¿ k"0f{ k|efljt eP .
aGbsf] bf]>f] lbg /ljejgsf] ;8sdf ad ljikmf]6g eof] t/ ljikmf]6gn] vf;} Iflt gk'¥ofPsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . aGbsf] k|efj pkTosf aflx/sf zx/ / ufpF3/ klg lgs} k|efljt ePsf] :yfgLo PkmPdx¿n] cfkm\gf] ;dfrf/df pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

/fhfnfO{ h'/]sf] ;fOt z'qmaf/ g} xf] t <

ef]h/fh ef6
sf7df8f}+, d] !*, @))$

;+of]u xf] of ljlwsf] kl/sNkgf, @)%* h]7 !(ut]sf] /fhb/af/ xTofsf08kl5 >L % 1fg]Gb|sf] x/]s z'e;fOt z'qmaf/sf] lbg h'/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL Hof]ltifLx¿n] o; 36gfnfO{ ljleGg u|x gIfqsf] d]n x'g;Sg] alnof] ts{ cufl8 ;f/]sf 5g\ .
lj=;= @))$ ;fn c;f/ @# ut] tbfg';f/ !($& h'nfO{ & tfl/ssf] lbg ;f]daf/ >L % 1fg]Gbsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . >L % 1fg]Gb|sf] hGds'08nLdf z'qmu|x j'l4:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . k|Voft Hof]ltifL c++uL/; Gof}kfg]sf cg';f/ df};"kmsf] nflu z'qmjf/sf] lbg ;'v:yfg / efUo:yfgsf] dflns cyf{t k~r:yfgdf cfl;g 5, o:fcj:yfdf df};"kmaf6 z'qmaf/ rflnAfS;g] sbd ;kmn x'g] b]lvG5 .
@)%* h]7 !( z'qmaf/ /ftL >L % aL/]Gb|sf] ;kl/jf/sf] xTof eof] . To;}sf] nuQ} ;f]daf/ ;+of]ujz >L % clw/fHfs'df/ 1fg]Gb| /f]nqmddf /fhf 3f]lift xf]OaS:of] . df};"kms} sfo{sfndf tTsflng k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] @)%* ;fpg % ut] ljxLjf/ /ftL P3f/ ah] /fhLgfdf lbg'eof] . To;sf] 3f]if0ff 5 ut] z'qmaf/ dfq} eof] .
To;kl5sf k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf @)%( c;f]h !* ut] /fhfaf6 ckb:y x'Fbfsf] lbg klg z'qmaf/ lyof] . To;lbg j]n'sL ;f9] gf} ah] /fhfaf6 b]pjfnfO{ c;Ifd k|wfgdGqLsf ¿kdf ckb:y ul/Psf] ;Daf]wg cfPsf] lyof] .
b]pjfkl5sf k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] /fhLgfdf lbg'ePsf] lbg klg csf]{ z'qmaf/ g} ;+of]u k¥of] . df};"kmaf6 lgb]{lzt a'Fbf kfngf ug{ g;s]sf] egL rGbn] @)^) h]7 !^ ut] z'qmaf/ /fhLgfdf ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
kl5Nnf]k6s ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] /fhLgfdf lbg'ePsf] lbg z'qmaf/ g} kbf{ ;a}sf] rf;f] x'g yfNof], ;f] lbg /fhfsf] nflu ;'e xf] of c;'e . Hof]ltif Gof}kfg]sf cg';f/ z'qmaf/ cfkm}df ;fOtsf] lbg xf], cem /fhfsf] hGds'08nLdf lgs} efUo h'/]sf]n] o;lbg sfo{ yfngL ubf{ z'e b]lvG5 .
k"Jf{ k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] Ps ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf cfkm"nfO{ x/]s z'qmjf/sf] lbg s]xL g s]xL clgi6 x'g] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . …ha z'qmaf/sf] lbg cfpF5, /fhfaf6 s]xL sbd rflnAfS;G5 ls eGg] 8n nfU5, ;flRrs} of] z'qmaf/g} vt/fsf] ;+s]t eO;s]sf] 5 . pxfFn] Toltv]/ eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
csf{ Hof]ltif ;"o{k|;fb 9'+u]n rflx z'qmaf/, a'waf/, ljlxaf/ ;f]daf/ cfkm}df ;'e lbg ePsf] atfpb} /fhfsf] z'qmaf/sf] 36gf s'g} u|x;Fu ;DalGwt geP/ ;+of]u dfq} x'g;Sg] l6Kk0fL ug{'x'G5 . pxfFn] g]kfnLkf]i6;Fu eGg'eof], …o;nfO{ vf;} hGds'08nL;Fu t'ngf ug{ ldNb}g, Hof]ltifzf:qdf zlgaf/, cfOtaf/ / du+naf/ s';fOtsf lbgsf ¿kdf u0fgf ul/G5 .Ú
Hof]ltif Gof}kfg] eg] /fhfsf] ;a} hGds'08nLnfO{ lj:t[t cWoog ubf{ z'qmaf/sf] 36gf Hof]ltifzqLsf yk cg';Gwfgsf] ljifo ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . pxfFsf] egfO lyof], …/fhfsf] hGd lbg ;f]daf/ ePsf]n] ljsNksf ?kdf ;f]daf/ klg ;fOts} lbg xf], oxL lbg /fhfsf] ul2/f]x0f ePsf] lyof] .Ú
cjsf] lbgdf efjL k|wfgdGqL klg s'g lbgdf lgo'Qm x'G5 eGg] k|Zgdf Hof]ltif Gof}kfgsf] hjfkm lyof], …/fhfaf6 rflnaS;g] k|fo sbd z'qmaf/ ;fOt kg]{b]lvG5, To;sf] ljsNkdf ;f]daf/ g} csf]{ ;fOt xf], o; lbgdf /fhfn] rfn]sf] sbd lgs} ;'esfo{ x'g] b]lvG5 .Ú

xªsªaf;Lx?sf] ckLn

Od]naf6
d] !*, @))$

x+ªsªdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] g]kfndf eO/x]sf] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfu ub}{ x:tfIf/ ckLn cleofg z'? u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnnfO{ u[xo'4af6 hf]ufpgsf nflu / b]zdf zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{] Psdfq pkfo ;+ljwfg ;ef xf] eGb} o;sf nflu ;a} /fh/fhgLlts bnx?, lj1x? ;a}n] cfcfkm\gf x7 TofuL b]zdf zflGt / cdgrog Nofpg æg]kfn hgclwsf/ ;/f]sf/ ;dfh xªsªn], xªsªdf /x]sf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf tyf tx tKsfdf cfj4 ;r]t g]kfnL hg;d'bfo;Fu ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;dy{gdf x:tfIf/sf nflu ckLn u/]sf] 5 .
ckLndf elgPsf] 5, /fhgLlts 4Gb g} jt{dfg g]kfnsf] ;+s6 xf], ljb|f]x xf] . h;sf] tTsfnLg ;dfwfgsf] nflu cu|ufdL sfo{qmd ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] ldng ljGb" agfO{ g]kfnsf] k|ltufdL ;QfnfO{ To;df Nofpg bjfj l;h{gf ug'{ cfjZos 5 eGb} cfkm"x?n] of] cleofg z'? u/]sf] s'/f g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;/f]sf/ ;dfh xªsª, d'n ;+of]hs ;ldlt4f/f k|sflzt ckLndf pNn]v 5 .

/fhfaf6 gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:onfO{ ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6

ef]h/fh ef6
d] !&, @))$, sf7df8f}+

>L % 1fg]Gbaf6 ;f]daf/ ljleGg k]zfut Pj+ Joj;flos ;+u7g / cGo u/} /fhg}lts If]qsf tLg ;o #) JolQmnfO{ ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6 aS; ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ pQ/L If]q uf]s{0f l/;f{6df ljxfg P3f/ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd /fhfaf6 ;fd'lxs bz{g e]6 aS; ePsf] xf] .
/fhg}lts ;+qmd0fsflng cj:yfdf b]z u'lh|/x]sf] j]nf k]zfut ;+u-;+u7g Pj+ u}/ /fhg}lts JolQm;Fu k/fdz{ ug]{ p2]Zon] ;f] ;fd"lxs e]63f6 sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 . ;fd'lxs e]6 ug]{xdf ;~rf/sdL{, lrlsT;s, pBf]uklt, snfsf/, Jofkf/L, snfsf/, sfg"g Joj;foL, n]vs, j'l4hLjL, k|fWofks, dfgjclwsf/jfbL, lgjt{dfg pRr ;'/Iff clwsf/L cflbsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
;~rf/sdL{sf tkm{af6 tf/fgfy bfxfn, x]d/fh 1jfnL, gf/fof0f jfUn], k|lts k|wfg, tLy{ sf]O/fnf, hdLd zfx, of]u]z pkfWofo, b]jk|sfz lqkf7L, pHhjn zdf{, Dfx]Gb| z]/rg, slkn sfkm\n], cf/s] dfgGw/, o'j/fh uf}td, ljho s'df/ kf08], jGbgf /f0ff, sf]dn jnL, nf]slbk yfkf, OGb| nf]xgL, ljho l3ld/], o'j/fh l3ld/], sgsdl0f bLlIft, zDe' >]i7, /fdrGb| Gof}kfg], b]j]Gb| uf}td, xl/ nD;fn, /fhg sfsL{, k'ik k|wfg, lg/f]w/fh kf08], hLj/fd e08f/L cflbsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
To:t} snfsf/sf tkm{af6 hn zfx, j;'Gw/f e'iffn, e'jg rGb, s[i0f dNn, zld{nf dNn, z'lznf /fodfemL, e'jg s];L, lzj >]i7, /fh]z xdfn, zDe'lht af:sf]6f, ;Gtf]if kGt, xl/j+z cfrfo{, dbgs[i0f >]i7, ldlynf zdf{ / ;+luttkm{af6 of]u]Gb| j}B, k|sfz >]i7, /ljg zdf{, ld/f /f0ff, /fds[i0f 9sfn, od a/fn cflbn] /fhfaf6 ;fd"lxs bz{g e]6 kfPsf lyP .
Jo;flos ;+u7gsf tkm{af6, g]kfn OlGhloz{ Pzf]l;o;gsf cWoIf hLj/fh kf]v]/]n, g]kfn jf/ Pzf]l;o;gsf cWoIf zDe' yfkf, k|fWofks ;+usf cWoIf vu]Gb| e§/fO{, g]kfn lrlsT;s ;+u cWoIf dgf]x/nfn u'Ktf cflbn] klg ;fd'lxs bz{ge]6 kfP/ cf-cfkm\gf] wf/0ff df};"km;dIf /fv]sf lyP .
:k];6fOd b}lgssf k|wfg;Dkfbs of]u]z pkfWofosf cg';f/ pQm e]63f6 sfo{qmddf ljleGg JolQmn] /fhf / cfGbf]ng/t bnx¿ ldnL ;Jf{bnLo ;/sf/ aGg'kg]{ / To;n] dfcf]jfbL;Fu pknlAwd"ns jftf{ u/L :yfgLo tyf s]Gb|Lo r'gfj u/fO hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/ :yflkt u/fpg'kg]{ cflb ;'emfj /fhfnfO{ lbPsf lyP .
/fhfsf] bz{ge]6af6 kmls{g'ePsf sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehgsf ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbs tLy{ sf]O/fnfn] pQm sfo{qmdjf/] g]kfnLkf]i6;Fu eGg'eof], …/fhfaf6 zflGt / ljsf;sf nflu ;xdltsf] af6f] vf]h]sf] h:tf] cfefif kfOof], u}/ /fhgLlt If]qsf JolQmaf6 /fo lng vf]Hg] /fhfsf] k||of; Psxb;Dd ;sf/fTds xf] .Ú /fhfn] ;f]daf/ ljleGg JolQmaf6 lnOPsf] ;'emfjnfO{ ;sf/fTds¿kdf nfu" u/] cjsf] kl/0ffd klg ;sf/fTds x'g] ljZjf; sf]O/fnfn] ug{'eof] .
sflGtk'/sf ;Dkfbs gf/fo0f jfUn]sf cg';f/ pxfFn] df};"km;dIf bz{g e]6qmddf bnx¿sf] ;/sf/ u7g u/L dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /fli6"o ;Dd]ngdf Nofpg] ;'gf}nf] df}sf ePsf] hfx]/ ug{'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], …gful/s ;dfhsf] s'/f ;'Gg] /fhfsf] kl/kf6L Ps xb;Dd /fd|f] xf] t/ To;df klg bnx¿sf] s'/f ;'g]/ ;dfwgtkm{ hfg'k5{ clxn]sf] cJf:yfdf, x]/f} s:tf] kl/0ffdf cfp5 .Ú
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;efklt tf/fgfy bfxfn ;f]daf/sf] ;fd"lxs bz{ge]6jf/] lrqfpg'eof], …gful/s ;dfhsf cjwf/0ff a'em\g] sfo{qmd /flvof] t/ sfo{qmddf lbOPsf ljrf/ slt u|x0f eof] eGg] s'/f To;sf] kl/0ffddf lge{/ x'g]5, sfo{qmddf ;a}sf] /fo a'em\g] sfo{qmd dfq} eof] t/ /fhfsf] k|ltlqmof a'em\g} df}sf ePg To;df .Ú
;efklt bfxfnn] /fhfaf6 gful/s ;dfhnfO{ e]6] eg]/ s]jn b]vfpgsf nflu dfq o;f] ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] eg] kl/0ffd lg/y{s x'g] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ;fd'lxs e]63f6sf] sfo{qmddf k|wfgdGqL s;nfO{ agfpg] ;DAfGwdf vf;} rrf{ gul/Pklg g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] ;f]daf/ * ah] j]n'sLsf] ;dfrf/n] k|wfgdGqL agfpg] eGg] jf/]df Kf|;f/0f u/]sf crlDdt JoQm ug{'eof] .
bfxfnn] df};"km ;dIf g]kfnL kqsfl/tf / k|]; :jtGqtfsf ljifodf klg cjut u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . sl/j !@ ldg]6 /fhf;Fu s'/fsfgL ug]{ cj;/ kfpg'ePsf bfxfns] k|]; :jtGqtf;DaGwL s'/fdf df};"kmn] TolQ rfv g/flvaS;]kl5 b]zsf] ;d;fdlos /fhgLltjf/] s'/fsfgL ePsf] pxfFn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
k|]; rf}tf/Lsf cWoIf z'De' >]i7n] eg] /fhfaf6 gful/s ;dfhnfO{ e]6] eg]/ hgtf ;fd' csf]{ hfn km}nfPsf] cf/f]k nufpg'eof] . …xfd|f] e]63f6df /fhfnfO{ kfFr bnsf s'/f klg df};"kmaf6 a'lemaSg'kg]{ eg]/ hfx]/ u/]sf lyof}+ t/ Jojxf/df To;f] ug{ ;Sg] l:lyt b]lvb}g, ef]lnsf lbgdf wg]Gb|axfb'/ l;+xnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfOlbPdf /fhfn] csf]{ gf6s u/]sf] xf] eGg] yfxf x'g cfp+5 .Ú
;df/f]xdf gflosf hn zfxnfO{ /fhfaf6 …clxn]sf] åGån] rnlrq If]qdf lgs} c;/ k/]sf] 5 /], xf] Ú egL ;f]wgL aS;]sf] lyof] . hn zfxsf cg';f/ pxf+;+u kl5 >L % a8fdxf/fgL sf]dn, >L %clw/fhs'df/L lxdfgL;+u ljljw ljifodf s'/fsfgL ePsf] lyof] . ;df/f]xdf >L % clw/fHfs'df/ kf/;nufot cGo /fhkl/jf/ ;b:osf] klg pklZylt lyof] . e]63f6 sfo{qmddf k"j{ cfO{hLkL k|bLk zDz]/ hj/f, u¿8zDz]/ hj/f, k|HjnzDz]/ hj/f, wd{ kfnj/l;+x yfkf cflbnfO{ klg af]nfOPsf] lyof] .
uf]s{0f l/;f]6{ l5/]sf lgDtfn' JolQmsf] df]afOn ;]6 aflx/ u]6d} /flvPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkgdf lbjfef]h cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . lbp;} ss6]n kf6L{sf] klg cfof]hgf lyof], clwsf+zn] pQm ss6]n kf6L{df ;xefuL ePklg s]xLn] vfgfdfq} vfP/ aflxl/Psf lyP . sfo{qmddf l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]nn] /fli6"o kf]zfs gnufO ;'6Kof06df nufPsf] egL lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] lyof] .

d]o/ s]zj :yflktn] a'wjf/ /fhLgfdf lbg]

ef]h/fh ef6
d] !&, @))$

sf7df8f}+, d] !& . dfcf]jfbL wDsLsf sf/0f :yfgLo lgsfodf /fhg}lts lgo"Qm ul/Psf kbflwsf/Lx¿ wdfwd /fhLgfdf lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . o;};ftf pkTosfsf kf"r gu/kflnsfdWo] nlntk'/ / sLlt{k'/ gu/kfflnsfsf ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx¿n] ;fd"lxs /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ .
sf7df7f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf-sfdkf_sf d]o/ s]zj :yflkt;lxt @) hgf j8f ;b:ox¿n] a'wjf/ /fhLgfdf ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . sfdkfsf pk-d]o/ /fhf/fd >]i7n] eg] clxn] /fhLgfdf lbg] glbg]jf/]df s'g} 6'+uf]df gk'u]sf] s'/f g]kfnLkf]i6;Fu atfpg'eof] .
sfdkfsf d]o/ s]zj :yflktn] g]kfnLkf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf eGg'eof], …cj d}n] cfkm\gf] /fhLgfdfjf/] lg0f{o lnO;s]sf] 5', a'wjf/sf] lbgdf Ps 8"fkm\6kq agfO /fhLgfdf ;fj{hlgs ug]{5' .Ú t/, pk-d]o/ /fhf/fd >]i7n] eg] tTsfn /fhLgfdf ug]{jf/] s'g} 7f]; cf}lrTo gb]lvPsf] l6Kk0fL ug{'eof] .
pkTosfsf kfFr gu/kflnsfdWo] nlntk'/sf Pdfn]af6 lgjf{lrt d]o/ a'l4/fh ah|frfo{n] jt{dfg /fhgLlt lgsf; lbg cfkm"x¿n] /fhLgfdf lbPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], …clxn]sf] cj:yfdf r'gfj l;jfo csf]{ ljsNk 5}g, cj o;kl5 d dgf]lgt ;b:o sbflk x'Fb}g, lgjf{lrt d]o/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] o;/L wDsL lbG5 eg] cfpFbf] dgf]lgt d]o/sf] xfnt s] xf]nf <Ú
eQmk'/sf d]o/ lbg]z >]i7n] eg] /fhLgfdf lbg]glbg]jf/] h]i7 & ut] ;a} a8f ;b:ox¿jLr 5nkmn x'g] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pQm 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf] lgZsif{ g} /fhLgfdf lbg] glbg]jf/] 6'+uf] nfUg] lbg]z >]i7n] atfpg'eof] . >]i7 /fk|kfsf sfo{stf{ x\'g'x'G5 . To:t}, dWok'/ l7dLsf d]o/ dbgs[i0f >]i7n] klg /fhLgfdf lbg]jf/] s'g} 6'+uf]df k'Ug'ePsf] 5}g . dbgs[i0f g]sf k|hftflGqssf sfo{stf{ x'g'x'G5 .
;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] g]t[Tj ePsf] ;/sf/n] @)^) c;f]h !@ b]lv :yfgLo lgsfodf /fhg}lts lgo"Qm ug]{ sfd z'¿ u/]sf] xf] . /fhg}lts lgo"Qm kfpg] clwsf+z sfo{stf{ /fk|kf / To;kl5 qmdzM sf"u|];, Pdfn]nufot cGokf6L{sf /x]sf 5g\ .
;/sf/n] &% j6} lhNnfdf ;efklt lgo"Qm ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] wgs'6f, gjnk/f;L / k;f{afx]s cGodf pk-;efkltsf] klg /fhg}lts lgo"Qm ul/;s]sf] 5 . To:t}, %& lhNnfsf OsfO ;ldlt klg lgo"lQm ul/;s]sf] 5 yfkf ;/sf/n] . dfcf]jfbL wDsLsf sf/0f /fhLgfdf lbg] :yfgLo kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodf Psbd} gu0o 5 . /fhLgfdf lbPsfx¿n] dGqfnodf tTsfn s'g} sfuhft gk7fpFbf klg Plsg tYofs+ cfpg g;s]sf] dGqfnosf Ps clwsf/Lsf] 7x/ 5 .
o;cl3sf] ;/sf/n] %* j6} gu/kflnsfsf d]o/nufot Og/jf afx]s cGo ;a}df pk-d]o/ klg lgo"Qm ul/;s]sf] 5 . tLdWo] kf"r j6fdfq af]8{ ;ldlt u7g afsL /x]sf] / afsL ;a}df u7g eO;s]sf] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf cg';f/ xfn;Dd dfcf]jfbLn] !*)% uflj; tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf 5g\, h;af6 s'n Iflt #( nfv a9L Iflt ePsf] 5 .
dGqfnosf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ dxf]Q/Lsf Ps hgf, s~rgk'/af6 ;efklt;lxt ;b:ox¿n] /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ . ljleGg gu/kflnsfaf6 #! hgfn] /fhLgfdf lbPsf] cflwsfl/s hfgsf/L k7fPsf] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .
dGqfnosf cg';f/ sdnf gu/kflnsf k|d"v !, lj/u~h gu/kflnsf pkd]o/, /fdufdsf d]o/;lxt pkd]o/, a'6'jnsf pkd]o/;lxt tLg hgf, lqe'jggu/kflnsfsf pk d]o/;lxt rf/ ;b:o, k[YjLgf/fo0fsf d]o/, g]kfnu~hsf pkd]o/ / afun'ªsf ;a} kbflwsf/Ln] /fhLgfdf lbPsf] v'Ng cfPs]f 5 .

kfFr hgf k|x/Lsf] d[To'

Od]naf6
d] !&, @))$

d] !^ cfOtaf/ s}nfnLsf] ;xhk'/sf] ef;' eL/df dfcf]jfbL / ;'/Iff ;}lgs aLr ePsf] le8Gtdf ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] 7"nf] Iflt ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
cQ/Lof 88]Nw'/f /fhdfu{sf] ef;' eL/ x'b} ;'/Iff kmf}h ljxfg &M#) ah] kfFrj6f uf8L lnP/ dfcf]jfbL bjfpg] of]hgfdf ufpF k:g nfu]sf]df dfcf]jfbLn] yfk]sf] ljB'tLo w/fkdf kl/ Pp6f Pn=Pd=hL= lkm6 u/]sf] uf8L Wj:t x'g k'u]sf] lyof] . ;f] uf8Ldf /x]sf bh{gf}+ 3fOt] ePsf lyP eg] cfwf bh{gsf] d[To' ePsf] :yfgLoaf;Lx?sf] egfO{ 5 .
ljxfg &M#) ah]b]lv a]n'sf % ah] ;Dd ePsf] le8Gtdf ;]gfsftkm{af6 d]h/ ;d]t 3fOt] x'g k'u]sf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLsf]] klZrd l8lehg;+u ;Da4 ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 . cfkm'tkm{ 7'nf] IftL ePkl5 ;]gfn] g]kfnu~haf6 x]lnsK6/ ;d]t dufPsf] lyof] . le8Gt nDaLb} hfbf uf]nL / af?bsf wdfsf w]/} 6f9f;Dd ;'lgPsf] lyof] . ;]gfx?n] d[ts nf; / 3fOt]nfO{ af]s]/ cfkm\gf] Aof/]s tkm{ kmls{Psf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLn] ;]gfnfO{ ufpFdf k:g glbPkl5 ufpFn]x?n] 88]Nw'/f / s}nfnLsf ufpFdf gf/f h'n'; ub}{ v'zL dgfPsf lyP .
o;}aLr ut a}zfv #! ut] alb{ofsf] ;b/d'sfd u'nl/of b]lv b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ k"j{ efbf k'ndf dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] Ps cfqmd0fdf % hgf k|x/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] cfqmd0faf6 k|x/Lsf ^ yfg #-)-# /fOkmn, Pp6f ;6{ug, Pp6f l/eNj/ / Pp6f ;+rf/ ;]6 sAhfdf lnPsf] 5 . ;f] sdf08f] cfqmd0fdf dfcf]jfbLsftkm{af6 …l8Ú sDkgL sdf08/ /ft]usf] d[To'ePsf] s'/f klg ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] pQm cfqmd0fkl5 k|x/L / ;]gf u'nl/ofdf lbg /ft cfkm\gf Aof/]sdf s}b x'gjfWo ePsf] 5 .
ptf slknj:t'af6 k|fKt va/ cg';f/ h]i7 tLg ut] slknj:t'sf] ;'/xL gfsfdf dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] PDa'; sf/jfxLdf !@ hgf zfxL ;]gf / k|x/L uDeL/ ?kdf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . ;f]xL ;]gf-k|x/Lsf] 6f]nL ToxL+af6 gjnk/f;L tkm{ hfFbf af6f]df csf]{ PDa'; sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] va/ 5 .
o;}aLr Ps csf]{ va/ cg';f/ s}nfnLsf] a'/tf]nf l:yt ;/sf/L afv|f kfng s]Gb|af6 dfcf]jfbLx?n] !&% j6f afv|f sAhfdf lnPsf 5g\ . h]i7 @ ut] ePsf] ;f] sAhf cleofg kl5 k|fKt afv|f ufpFsf ls;fgnfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
o:t} s}nfnLdf h]i7 ! ut] dfcf]jfbLn] ;]gf / k|x/LnfO{ ufp+ ufpF 8'nfpFb} cfPsf] If]qLo lzIff lzIff lgb]{zgfnosf] uf8L hnfOlbPsf 5g\ . o;}} u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] cfqmd0faf6 ut a}zfv @* ut] s}nfnLsf] wgu9L SofDk; /f]8df b'O{ hgf k|x/Lsf] d[To' x'g k'u]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 .

dfcf]jfbLx?4f/f /fi6|;+3sf] dfu

Od]naf6
d] !^, @))$

g]kfn sDolgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r08n] cfOtaf/ d] !^ tfl/vdf Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ clxn]sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] ;xof]u lnP/ /fhf;d]t b]zdf /x]sf ;a} /fhg}lts zlQm / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;+o'Qm jftf{sf] cfof]hgf k|lt ;a} bnx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 .
aStJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
æg]kfnL hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs kl/jt{g, zflGt / k|ultsf] cfs+Iff, cfh ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 b]zJoflk lj/f]w, cfs|f]z / k|lt/f]wsf?kdf JoQm eO/x]sf] 5 . k|lt/f]wsf] of] k|ls|ofn] tTsfn / ;d'lrt /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] dfu u/]sf]] 5 . o'4/t qmflGtsf/L zlQm, cfGbf]ng/t ;+;bjfbL zlQm Pj+ gful/s ;dfh ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sg] Go"gtd /fhg}lts lgsf; lagf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg gx'g] tYo klg :j+tM :ki6 5 . clxn] ;+;bjfbL zlQm / ;fdGtL b/af/Lof zlQmsf aLrdf dfq ;+emf}tf u/fP/ xfd|f] kf6L{ / hgo'4sf lj?4 v8f u/fpg eO/x]sf] k|of;n] lgsf;sf] xf]Og, hgtfdf km"6 kfg]{ / u[xo'4nfO{ cem /Qmkftk"0f{ agfpg] if8oGqnfO{ dfq k|ltlalDat ub{5 . tyfslyt ;+j}wflgs zlQmsf aLrdf Pstfsf] gf/f g]kfndf ljBdfg zlQm ;Gt"ngsf] j:t'ut oyfy{nfO{ cjd"Nog u/]/ ;d:ofnfO{ cem h6Ln t"Nofpg] ?9LjfbL gf/f aGg uPsf] tYonfO{ ;a}n] cfTd;ft ug{ h?/L 5 . zlQm ;Gt"ngsf] gofF oyfy{nfO{ k|ltlalDat ug]{ /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] b:tfj]hsf?kdf gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|ls|ofdf cufl8 a9\g'sf] csf]{ ljsNk b]zdf /x]s} 5}g . Ps;fy ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg] ;d:ofnfO{ 6's|fP/ nfg vf]Hg' cfkm}df gofF ;d:of v8f ug'{ dfq x'g] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{, ;d:ofsf] jf:tljs ;dfwfgsfnflu ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] ;xof]u lnP/ /fhf;d]t b]zdf /x]sf ;a} /fhg}lts zlQm / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;+o'Qm jftf{sf] cfof]hgf cfjZos 7fGb5 . Tof] ;+o'Qm jftf{n] ;j{kIfLo /fhg}lts ;Dd]ngsf] e"ldsf v]Nb} cfGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g / gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsfnflu cflwsfl/s / j}wflgs cfwf/sf] sfd ug]{ 5 . xfd|f] ljrf/df b]zdf ljBdfg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf ;+o'Qm jftf{sf] of] k|ls|ofn] Go"gtd?kdf Pp6f sf];] 9'Ëfsf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sb5 . of] jf Tof] k|wfgdGqLsf] rog / ;/sf/ u7gsf] k|ls|ofn] ;du| /fhg}lts lgsf; c;+ej 5 . ctM xfd|f] kf6L{ To; k|sf/sf] ;+o'Qm jftf{sf] kIfdf kxn ug{ kfFr ;+;bjfbL bn nufot b]zsf ;a} /fhg}lts zlQm, gful/s ;dfh / cfd hg;d'bfo;+u ljz]if cg'/f]w ub{5 .Æ

emg\ b'/L a9fpb}5 Od]n-O06/g]6n]

ef]h/fh ef6
sf7df8f}+ d] !%, @))$

/fhwfgLsf] ;'ljwfo"Qm 7fpFdf x's]{/ s] eof] / Û !) sIffdf k9\b} u/]sf xl/ kxfnL cfh klxnf] k6s ;fyLx¿;Fu Rof6 ug{] sf]lzif ub]{5g\ . pgL PdP;Pg Rofl6ªdf ;fyLnfO{ sgLs'yL va/ n]Vb}5g\, …x]nf], ljzfn x\jf6 O{h Go" lys+ .Ú pgn] s'g} cd]l/sfdf a;]sf ;fyLx¿;Fu Rof6 u/]sf xf]Ogg\, kNnf] sDKo'6/df al;/x]sf ljzfn >]i7 g} pgsf] …Rof6Ú ;fyL xf] .
/Tg/fHo dfWolds ljBfno gofF afg]Zj/af6 cfpbf] P;Pn;L lbg] tof/Ldf a;]sf xl/ / ljzfnsf] t'ngf xf]lnNof08 jf]l8{ª :s"nsf ;dsIfL ljBfyL{;Fu slxn} t'ngf ug{ ;lsb}g, logLx¿df ePsf] O- O06g/g]6sf] 1fgjf/] . p;f] t afh'/fdf bz sIff k9\b} u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿n] sDKo'6/sf] s'g} cfsf/ b]Vg gkfO P;Pn;L kf; ul/;s]sf x'G5g\ . Od]n O06/g]6sf] k|of]u t 6f9}sf] s'/f .
;"rgf k|ljlwn] a9fpb} u/]sf] wgL / ul/ajLrsf] vf8n sd ug{ kmf]/d km/ OGkmf]/d];g 6]Sgf]nf]hL Dofg]hd]06 -lkmd_-g]kfnåf/f cfof]lht Od]n-O06/g]6 k|rf/ k|;f/ cleofg sfo{qmddf /Tg/fHosf ljBfyL{n] klxnf] k6s O06/g]6nfO{ glhsaf6 a'em\g] df}sf kfPsf x'g\ . @) hgfsf] ;d"xdf O06/g]6 Od]n l;Sg cfPsf /Tg/fHosf ljBfyL{n] sfo{qmdd} cfO x6d]n vf]Ng] / Pscfk;df PdP;Pg Rof6 u/] / v'a} /dfP O{-;+;f/b]lv .
x6d]n vf]ln;s]kl5 jNnf]kNnf] sDKo'6/af6 Rof6 ug{df Jo:t xl/ kxfnL eGb} lyP, …cj t O06/g]6af6 ;fyL agfpF5' xf]nf, s:tf] kmfObf /x]5 of] O06/g]6 .Ú af]NffOdf cln 6f7faf7f b]lvg] ljzfnsf] egfO klg pxL lyof], cGo ljBfyLx¿sf] klg p:t} . O06/g]6fd /dfpb} u/]sf pgLx¿dWo] sf]xL Rof6df 7§f ul//x]sf lyP eg] sf]xL cfkm\gf] gft]bf/sf] Od]n vf]Ng] t/v/ ub]{ lyP .
sf7df8f}+ OlGhlgol/ª sn]h -s]O{;L_af6 cfO{6L OlGhlgo/sf] l8u|L k|fKt u/]sf gf} hgfsf] ;d"xaf6 :yflkt ;+:yf xf], lkmd-g]kfn . lkmd-g]kfnn] s]xL ;dokl5 /fhg]tfx¿nfO{ klg Od]n-O06/g]6 l;sfpg] sfo{qmd /fv]sf] 5 . zlgaf/ lbge/L u'x]Zj/L / /Tg/fHosf $) ljBfyL{nfO{ O06/g]6jf/] hfgsf/L lbnfpg] sfo{qmd to u/]sf lyP lkmd-g]kfnsf ;b:ox¿n] .
lkmd-g]kfnsf sf]iffWoIf /f]lgifrGb| dfgGw/sf cg';f/ cfOtaf/ lkmd-g]kfnn] s]xL ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ Od]n-O06/g]6af/] hfgsf/L lbnfpg] sfo{qmd to u/]sf] 5 . To:t}, lgs6 ;dodf pRr dflj jf k|df0fkqtx l;4fP/ a;]sf ljBfyL{sf xf8{jo/ tflnd ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
…clxn] /fhwfgLsf af]l8{ª :s"n jf wgL afa'cfdfsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] aRrfb]lv g} O06/g]6 rnfpg] cj;/ kfPsf 5g\, t/ ltgsf] t'ngfdf /fhwfgLs} ;/sf/L ljBfnosf ljBfyL{df O06/g]6sf] 1fg z'Go 5, o;}nfO{ sdL ug{ klg xfdLn] r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/]sf xf}+ .Ú, lkmd g]kfnsf cWoIf lzlz/ g]kfnn] eGg'eof] .
;g\ !(*(df l6d{ jg{/ lnn] jN8{ jfO8 j]j -8An"8An"8An"_sf] cfljisf/ u/]kl5 ljZje/L O06/g]6 k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof jif]{ lkR5] j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] xf] . g]kfndf ;g\ !((#df ds{06fOnn] lghL If]qaf6 klxnf] k6s Od]n-O06/g]6 ;]jf z'¿ u/]sf] lyof] .
;g\ !(((df cGt{/fli6"o 6]lnsDKo'lgs];g o'lgog -cfO{6Lo"_n] u/]sf] Ps ;j]{If0f cg';f/ )=!% k|ltzt hg;+Vofn] dfq} Od]n-O06/g]6sf] k|of]u u/]sf] kfOPsf] lyof], ;g\ @))!df To;sf] ;+Vof )=@% k|ltzt k'Uof] / clxn] @ k|ltzt g]kfnLn] O06/g]6sf] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
xfn g]kfndf s'n hg;+Vofsf] !=& k|ltzt hgtnfO{ dfq lglZrt nfOg 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k'u]sf] 5 . To:t}, )=% k|ltztn] df]jfOn ;]jf k|of]u ug]{ df}sf kfO/x]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf ^) k|ltzt a9Ln] ufp"df 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfn b'/;~rf/ sDkgLn] xfn} dfq cfufdL ;f9] tLg jif{leq clw/fHoe/Lsf ;Dk"0f{ uflj;df slDtdf b'O{ nfOg 6]lnkmf]g k'¥ofpg] nIo ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
o:tf] cj:yfdf g]kfndf cfO{6Lsf] ljsf; / o;sf] ;dfg'kflts k|of]u s;/L ug]{ u/fpg] xf], ;d4 lgsfo df}g /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . oBlk cfO{6L ljsf;sf nflu cGt{/fli6"o ;ef-;df/f]xdf ;xefuL lng]b]lv eQf krfpg] sfd;Dd ;/sf/L clwsf/Lsf] lgs} t5f8 d5f8 ePsf] b]lvG5 .

/fh;+:yf unxTofpg'kg]{ cj:yf To;} cfPsf] x}g

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ d] !$, @))$

/fhg}lts bnx¿n] /fhf;dIf TfTsfn k|wfgdGqLsf] kbsf] df]ndf]nfp …jfu]{lgªÚ gu/L k|hftGq k'g{jxfnLs} cfjfh p7fpg'kg]{ ;'emfj ljleGg 5 j6f k]zfut ;+3:f+:yfx¿n] lbPsf 5g\ . k|f]km];gN; cnfoG; km/ lk:f P08 8]df]qm];L -kfk8_åf/f /fhwfgLdf ul/Psf] j[xt ;Dd]ngdf Joj;flos ;+u7gx¿n] cfGbf]ng/t /fhg}lts kf6Lx¿nfO{ pQm ;'emfj lbPsf x'g\ .
k|f]k]m;gN; cnfoG; km/ kL; P08 l8df]q]m;L -kfk8_ ljleGg 5 k]zfut ;+3-;+:yfx? g]kfn jf/ Pzf]l;o;g, g]kfn k|fWofks ;+3, g]kfn d]l8sn Pzf]l;o;g, g]kfn Ol~hlgo;{ Pzf]l;o;g, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 / g]kfn lzIfs o"lgogsf] ;xeflutfdf tLg dlxgfcl3 :yflkt ;+:yf xf] . ljz'¢ Jofj;flos ;+u7gx?sf] k|hftGq, zflGt / dfgj clwsf/sf nflu Pstf k|bz{g ug'{sf ;fy} ;dfhnfO{ ;+s6d'Qm ug]{ k|of;df cu|;/ x'g] nIo lnPsf] 5 kfk8n] .
kfk8sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g lbb} dfgjclwsf/jfbL 8f= dy'/fk|;fb >]i7n] ljBdfg cj:yfdf /fhf ;+ljwfg aflx/ uPsf]n] ljsNksf] ¿kdf /fhf;+:yf unxTofpg'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] åGå ;dfwfgsf nflu aGb'ssf] cfjZoQmf slxn} dx;'; gu/L zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngaf6 g} åGå lgjf/0f ug{ ;lsg] wf/0ff JoQm ug{'eof] .
;+ljwfgljb\ Pj+ jl/i6 /fhgLlt1 bdggfy 9'+ufgffn] k|hftGqsf nflu kfk8n] hf/L u/]sf] cfGbf]ng bL3{sflng¿kdf xfSg] ;Sg] l:ylt l;h{gf ug{'kg]{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] . …Joj;flos ;+u7gn] kf6L{sf] em08f g]af]sL l;+uf] k|hftGq jxfnL ug]{ cfGbf]ngdf cu|;/ x'g'k5{, clxn]sf] cfGbf]ng s]jn k|ltudg ;lRrfpg] s'/fdf ;Lldt kfg{'x'Fb}gÚ, 9'+ufgfsf] egfO lyof] .
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf k"j{ cWoIf Pj+ al/i6 kqsf/ xl/x/ lj/xLn] k|hfnfO{ dfb]{ lx8\g] JolQmnfO{ cjsf] jx'bnLo k|hftGqdf /fhf dfGg g;s]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgcg'¿k klg k|]; :jTfGqtf xgg\ x\'g] y'k|} sfd ePsf] l6Kk0fL ug{'eof] .
sfo{qmddf kfk8åf/f /fli6"o ;xdltsf nflu ;femf cfwf/sf] vf]hL egL Ps cfjxf\g kq ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . pqm cfjx\fg kqdf /fhf, /fhgLlts bnx¿, dfcf]jfbL ;a}nfO{ ljBdfg åGå ;dfwfg ug]{ / /fi6"nfO{ ;'wf/sf ulttkm{ cl3 a9fpg ug{'kg]{ sbdjf/] ljleGg cjwf/0ff lbOPsf] 5 .

r]kfª\ j:tLdf a9\b}5 ko{6sLo ultljlw

s[i0f clwsf/L
d] !#, @))$

ul/jL, clzIff / cGwljZjf;af6 lk5l8Psf r]kfª-k|hf_ hflt ko{6g Joj;foaf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL x'g] yfxf kfPkl5 cfˆgf] ;+:s[lt / /xg;xgnfO{ b]vfP/ ufpFdf a9LeGbf a9L ko{6s leq\ofpg pT;flxt b]lvG5g\ .
lzsf/ v]Nn], luf, Eofs'/ vfg], vf]l/of vg]/ yf]/ax't v]tLkftL ug]{, cGo hflt;Fu x]nd]n ug{ grfxg], lkm/Gt] hLjg latfpg] o; hfltsf] kl/ro cj cfˆgf] df}lns ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f, e]if e'iff / /xg;xgaf6 ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfslif{t u/L hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ NofO{ cGo hflt ;/x ;fdflhs klxrfg /fVg ;lsG5 eGg] cfTdljZjf; ;+ufNg yfn]sf 5g\ .
r]kfª hfltsf] cToflws a;f]jf; /x]sf] lrtjgsf k"jL{ ljs6 kxf8L e]usf sfpn], zlQmvf]/, l;4L / sf]/fs uflj;df clxn] ko{6gsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . k|fs[lts ;Dkbf, P]ltxfl;s :yn tyf pk]lIft r]kfª hfltsf] ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts kIfsf] klxrfg u/fO{ hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] clek|fon] @)%( efb|b]lv oL rf/ uflj;nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L u|fdL0f ul/jL lgjf/0fsf nflu ko{6g sfo{qmd -l6cf/lkPkL_ nfu" ePsf] 5 .
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt lrtjg cGtu{t ;~rflnt pQm sfo{qmdaf6 zlQmvf]/df r]kfª ;+:s[lt emNsg] ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|, sfpn]df ;fd'bflos ejg, sfpn]- l;/fOr'nL -zlQmvf]/ 3f]8]6f] af6f], kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg, vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf, zf}rfno, zlQmvf]/sf 3/df ko{6s a:g ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} xf]6n Joj:yfkg, ky-k|bz{s, ko{6s el/of, x:tsnf, afof]UofF;, pGgt r'Nxf], g]t[Tj ljsf; h:tf ljljw ko{6gd'vL tflnd sl/j b'O{ ;o :yfgLojfl;GbfnfO{ lbOPsf] l6cf/lkPkLsf u|fdL0f ko{6g Pzf]l;o6 /fdx/L b]jsf]6fn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
g]kfn e|d0fdf cfpg] ko{6sx¿sf] Ps k|d'v d'Vo uGtJo:yn lrtjg /fli6"o lgs'~hdf hfg] ## k|ltzt eGbf a9L ko{6sx¿nfO{ ToxfFaf6 ;ft ls=dL=sf] df]6/ ofqfaf6 k'lug] r]kfª j:tLn] gofF :jfb lbg ;Sb5 . @)&=#( ju{ ls=dL=df km}lnPsf] rf/ uflj;df tLg xhf/ &$! kl/jf/sf @! xhf/ %^! hg;+Vof dWo] !! xhf/ @*$ r]kfª hfltsf] /x]sf] 5 . afFsL u'¿ª, du/, a|fDx0f, If]qL, sfdL, bdfO{ /x]sf 5g\ .
k[YjL /fhdfu{sf] lqz'nL gbLdf r/f}bLb]lv x'UbL;Dd hnofqf u/L ToxfFaf6 xfQLjfªsf] kbofqf ub}{ l;/fOr'nL, pk/bfª u9Lsf] dgf]/d b[Zo / r]kfª hfltsf] ;+:s[ltsf] :jfb rfVb} ko{6sx¿ zlQmvf]/ x'Fb} ;f}/fxf hfg ;Sb5g\ .
r]kfª / lu/Lk'/L ;d'bfosf] a:tL xfQLjfªsf] j;fO{df ;+:s[lt / /xg;xgsf] gf}nf] cg'ej Pj+ lxdfnL b[Zofjnf]sgn] ko{6snfO{ slDt /f]df~rstf lb+b}g . ef]lnkN6 laxfg} 8]9-b'O{ 306f hËnsf] jLr 7f8f] psfnf] r9\]sf] ysfO{ l;/fOr'nLdf k'u]kl5 ToxfFaf6 b]lvg] ;"of]{bosf] dgf]/d b[Zon] jf6f]sf] ysfO{ la;f{pF5 . kl;gfn] lgy|'Ss ePsf] z/L/ l;// rn]sf] lr;f] xfjfn] k'm¿ª dfq agfpFb}g cfFvfe/L gc6fpg] pQ/tkm{sf rlDsnf rfFbLsf xf/ em} 6Nsg] lxd>[ª\vnf b]Vbf hËndf lr/lj/fpg] ljleGg r/fr'¿ËLsf] cfjfh;Fu} p8"F p8"F h:tf] nfUb5 .
;d'Gb| ;txaf6 Ps xhf/ gf} ;o $% ld6/ cUnf] o; r'nLaf6 pQ/, k"j{ / klZrddf #^) l8u|Lsf] kmGsf] df// x]¥of] eg] u'hf{, wf}nflu/L, cGgk"0f{, dgf:n', ndh'ª, lxdr'nL, df5fk'5|], bfdf]b/, u0f]z, nfª\6fª, /f]Njflnª, h'un, uf}/LzÍ/, l;;fkfª, nª\u'/ h:tf lxdfnx¿;Fu} hDsfe]6 x'G5 eg] blIf0ftkm{ ndtGg km}lnPsf] ;dy/ e"-efu x]g{ ;lsG5 . oxfFaf6 b]lvg] ;"of{:tsf] b[Zo klg plQs} dgdf]xs nfUb5 . bflh{lnªsf] 6fOu/ lxn h:t} b]lvg] l;/fOr'nLnfO{ kmnfdsf] af/n] 3]/]/ Eo" 6fj/sf] ¿kdf ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 .
6fF8L ahf/af6 sl/j % dfOn pQ/ dxfef/t kj{tdf /x]sf] pk/bfª u9Lsf] P]ltxfl;stf / ;f}Gbo{tf klg sd pNn]vgLo 5}g . axfb'/ zfxsf h]7f 5f]/f zq'e+hg zfxn] lgdf{0f u/L a;f]af; u/]sf rf/}tkm{ 9'Ëfsf] kvf{nn] 3]l/Psf] o; u9Ldf tf]k xfGg] 7fpF, xltof/ /fVg] ejg / jiff{sf] kfgL ;+sng ug]{ Ogf/ /x]sf] 5 . lj=;+=!(() sf] e"-sDkaf6 Ogf/ elTsPsf] :yfgLojf;L atfpF5g\ eg] ;+/If0fsf] cefjdf lsNnf klg hL0f{ ePsf] 5 . Ps xhf/ @&% dL6/sf] prfO{df /x]sf] of] u9L @)!* ;fn;Dd lrtjgsf] ;b/d'sfd lyof] .
r/f cjnf]sgsf nflu k|l;4 o; If]qdf sl/j $)) hftsf r/fx¿ /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cGoq gkfOg] Ps lsl;dsf] ltqf, sNrf}F8], vf]n] wf]jL h:tf !^ k|hfltsf b'n{e r/f kfOg] ePsfn] oxfFsf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ ;f}/fxf j8{ Ph's];g ;f];fO6Lsf x]d ;'j]bL atfpF5g\ .
l;/fO{r'nLaf6 e/tk'/;Dd Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf /x]sf]n] Ps ljb]zL ;+:yfn] yfngLsf] ;f]rfO{ /fv]sf] 5 . lrqfª em/gf, rd]/] u'kmf, ljleGg kf]v/L, ;'¿ª, r]kfªsf] lhpFbf] ;+u|xfno ,u'¿ª du/ ;+:s[lt klg ko{6ssf cfsif{0f aGg ;S5g\ .
5f]6f] ;dodf kbofqfdf hfg rfxg] ko{6snfO{ wflbªsf] x'UbL x'Fb} jf ;f}/xfaf6 zlQmvf]/ x'Fb} o; If]qdf Nofpg ;lsG5 . Pp6} Kofs]hdf lxdfnb]lv t/fO{;Ddsf] b[Zofjnf]sg, P]ltxfl;s Pj+ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] ed0f / r]kfª ;+:s[lt k:sg ;lsg] ePsf]n] 6]"lsª Ph]06;\ Pzf]l;Pzg ckm g]kfn -6fg_sf cWoIf bLks dxt o; If]qdf ko{6g lj:tf/sf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf b]Vg'x'G5 .
@)#$ ;fnb]lv k|hf ljsf; sfo{qmd / To;kl5 klg w]/} k|sf/sf sfo{qmdx¿ r]kfª pTyfgsf gfddf rn] klg o; If]qsf r]kfªx¿sf] cj:yfdf ck]lIft ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g . clxn] klg sltko r]kfªx¿ hËndf a;f]af; ug]{, luf Eofs'/ vfg], lzsf/ ug]{ tyf df5f dfg{df g} Jo:t b]lvG5g\ . &) k|ltzt r]kfªx¿ lg/If/ 5g\ eg] *% k|ltzt;Fu gful/stf 5}g / (% k|ltzt;Fu hUuf wgL k|df0fk"hf{ kfO{b}g .
l6cf/lkPkLsf] yfngLkl5 r]kfª ;d'bfodf r]tgfsf] lgs} ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . h8La'6Laf6 /fd|]f cfDbfgL x'g] a'em]kl5 o; If]qsf s]xL r]kfªx¿ j/k/sf] af/Ldf ;fd'bflos jg tyf sa'lnotL jgdf hl8a'6L v]tL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿af6 ;+sng ul/Psf] a/f]{, u'hf]{, cdnf, l/f, s'l/nf], rd]nLk"mn, t]hkQf / ;k{uGwfh:tf h8La'6L k|hf ;xsf/L ;+:yf zlQmvf]/n] plrt d"Nodf vl/b ul/lbg] u/]sf] ;+:yfsf ;lrj s';'d k|hf atfpF5g\ .
k':tf}b]lv vf]l/of kmfF8\b} cfPsf] k'Vof}{nL ;+:s[ltnfO{ r'gf}tL lb+b} l;4L-& sf r]kfªx¿n] b]ph/ ;fd'bflos jgaf6 cfˆgf] cfjZostf k"/f u/L jg ;+/If0fdf pbfx/0fLo sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;DejtM r]kfª ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGtl/t g]kfns} klxnf] o; ;fd'bflos jgsf $& kl/jf/ pkef]QmdWo] tLg kl/jf/ afx]s ;a} r]kfª hfltsf 5g\ . pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf cWoIf slj/fh k|hf ;fd'bflos jgaf6 cfk"mnfO{ rflxg] sf7, bfp/f, 3fF; kfpg yfn]kl5 rf]/L lgsf;L / vf]l/of kmf8\gdf lgoGq0f e} jg;+/If0f ePsf] b]v]kl5 c¿n] klg cfˆgf] ;d"xsf] b]vfl;sL u/L ljleGg ;fd'bflos jgsf] u7g u/]sf]df v'zL JoQm u5{g\ .
zlQmvf]/ uflj;sf k"j{ cWoIf uf]kLnfn >]i7 o; If]qdf l6cf/lkPkL nfu" ePkl5 :yfgLo afl;Gbfdf cltly ;Tsf/, jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO{, ;fF:s[lts hfu/0f, P]ltxfl;s Pj+ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0ftkm{ Wofg uPsf] / s]xL ;dob]lv :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6sx¿sf] cfudg x'g yfn]sf]df ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 .
o; If]qsf] k|fs[lts, P]ltxfl;s, ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f u/L :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ko{6sLo dxTjsf jf/]df hfu¿s u/fpg] / To;sf] dfWodaf6 pgLx¿sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] lhlj; lrtjgsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L s[i0fk|;fb b]jsf]6f atfpg'x'G5 .
ufdL0f If]qsf vf;u/L dlxnf, pk]lIft ju{, ;d'bfosf] clwstd ;xefuLtfdf ko{6gsf] ljsf; u/L :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;zlQms/0f ug]{ clek|fon] ;+rflnt o; sfo{qmdaf6 ;/sf/sf] ul/jL lgjf/0f ug]{ nIo k"/f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ljZjf; ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p88og dGqfnosf ;x;lrj tyf l6xf/lkPkLsf /fli6"o sfo{qmd lgb]{zs z+s/ sf]O/fnf JoQm ug'{x'G5 .
sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] 5f]6f] ;dod} cGo lhNnfx¿sf] t'ngfdf o; If]qdf pNn]vgLo sfo{ ePsf] atfpFb} lbuf] u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] ljsf;af6 dfq cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6gsf] cfudgdf a[l4 eO{ hgtfsf] cfly{s ;fdflhs hLjgdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfpg ;Sb5 l6cf/lkPlksf /fli6"o sfo{qmd k|jGws /ljhª kf08]sf] syg 5 .
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k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ wflbªsf ljleGg ufpFdf zfxL ;]gf / dfcf]jfbLaLr wflbªsf] hf]uLdf/f uf=lj=;= x'UbLdf d+unjf/ ck/fGx # b]lv #M#) ;Dd leif0f bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] 5 . cTofw'lgs xltof/ ;lxt zfxL ;]gfn] ofqf ul//x]sf tLgj6f uf8Ldfly dfcf]jfbLx?n] xdnf u/]sf lyP . ;f] xdnfaf6 & hgf zfxL ;]gfsf hjfg, Ps hgf k|x/L OG:k]S6/ / ! k|x/L hjfgsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Lsf s]xL hjfgx?n] lqz'nL xfd kmfn]sf 5g\ . xfd kmfNg]x?sf] l:ylt cem}+;Dd yfxf ePsf] 5}g . 36gf:yndf bh{gf}+ ;]gfx? 3fO{t] ePsf 5g\ eg] dfcf]jfbLsftkm{af6 Ps hgfdfq 3fO{t] ePsf] jf;':d[lt rf}yf] lj|u]8n] k|sflzt u/]sf] cfkm\gf] lj1lKtdf hgfPsf] 5 .
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k|wfgdGqL lgo"Qm ug{'cl3sf] /fhgLlt dfxf]nnfO{ dWogh/ ub]{ g]kfnLkf]i6n] al/i6 kqsf/x¿nfO{ ;f]w]sf] lyof], cjsf] k|wfgdGqL s:tf] JolQm x'g'k5{ < g]kfnL /fhgLltjf/] jiff]{b]lv ulx/f] cWoog Pj+ cf-cfkm\gf] dfWodåf/f ;dfrf/ ;+k|]lift ul//x]sf jl/i6 kqsf/x¿n] cjsf] d'2f sf] k|wfgdGqL x'G5 eGg] xf]Og ls s:tf] k|lqmofdf k|wfgdGqL x'Fb}5 EFGg] s'/f dxTjKf"0f{ /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . Joj;flos kqsfl/tfsf] If]qdf k|j'4 kqsf/x¿ o'j/fh l3ld/], /fh]Gb| bfxfn, w'|jxl/ clwsf/L cflb x'g\ of afdkGyL j'l4hLjL Pj+ jl/i6 kqsf/ Zofd >]i7, ;a}sf] Pp6} wf/0ff 5- casf] k|wfgdGqL To:tf] JolQm x'g'k5{ h;n] /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] ;dy{g;lxt ljBdfg åGånfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;sf];\ .
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p;f] eP cjsf] k|wfgDfGqL kfFr kf6L{ leq}af6 x'g'k5{ t < jl/i6 kqsf/x¿ Zofd >]i7, cflbTodfg >]i7, e}/j l/;fn efjL k|wfgdGqL kfFr kf6L{ leq}af6 cfpg'kg]{df Psdt hfx]/ ug{'x'G5 . t/, ;do ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbs o'j/fh l3ld/] eg] clxn] d'n'sdf s'g} ;+j}wflgs k|lqmof gePsf]n] /fhf / /fhg}lts bnsf] ;xdltdf h'g;'s} JolQm klg k|wfgdGqLdf cfpg;Sg] km/s wf/0ff /fVg'x'G5 . …jt{dfg cj:yfdf s'g} klg bnsf] k|wfgdGqL kb kfpg] xsbfaL nfUb}g, ;a} ;+;bjfbL kf6L{ / /fhf Ps lgZsif{df k'uL ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lbg'k5{Ú, kqsf/ l3ld/]sf] egfO 5 .
…cjsf] k|wfgdGqL /fhfn] hltv]/ rfx\of] TolQv]/ x6fpg] geO x/]s s'/fdf sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLdf kfpg'k5{,Ú kqsf/ l3ld/]sf] ;'emfj 5, …rGb / yfkf ;/sf/nfO{ k|]; lj1lKtdf dfq} clwsf/ lbOPsf] ;fj{hlgs gu/]/ o;k6s Jojxf/df clwsf/ lbg klg /fhf tDtof/ x'g'k5{ /fi6"sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf lglDt .Ú jfdkGyL j'l4hLjL Zofd >]i7sf] ljrf/df k|ltudgnfO{ ;'wfg]{ gfddf z]/axfb'/nfO{ klg k|wfgdGqL agfpg] s'/f cufl8 cfPsf] 5 t/ z]/axfb'/n] cfkm\gf] k|wfgdGqL sfndf u/]sf ljleGg s/t'tsf cfwf/df pgnfO{ sbflk k|wfgdGqL agfOg'x'Fb}g . pgsf] ljsNkdf dfwj g]kfnnfO{ Ps k6s k|wfgdGqL agfOg'k5{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bnsf g]tfnsf lx;fan]klg, pgsf] vf;} k/LIf0f klg ul/Psf] 5}g .
jl/i6 kqsf/ e}/a l/;fn rflx @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngeGbf klg exfejl:ylt clxn] l;h{gf ePsf]n] cjsf] lgsf; eg]sf] cd]l/sL ;|fd|fHojfbLaf6 d"Qm JolQmnfO{ g} k|wfgdGqL kb lbg'kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm ug{'x'G5 . /fhfn] cfkm"nfO{ oltv]/ ;Rrfpg'sf] ;f6f] bafpg] k|of; u/]eg] b/af/n] 7"nf] Iflt a]xf]g{'kg]{ ;+s]t cf}Nofpb} kqsf/ l/;fnsf] l6Kk00fL lyof], …;/sf/L ldl8of k|of]u u/]/ /fhg}lts bnnfO{ kbsf] nf]e b]vfO km'6fpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5, of] csf]{ /fi6"3ftL sfd xf] . dfcf]jfbL d'2fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{;Sg], ToxL cg';f/sf] zflGtk"0f{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ;Sg] JolQmg} cjsf] k|wfgdGqL xf], o;sf] ljsNk c? 5}g .Ú
jl/i6 s"6gLlts kqsf/ dgf]/~hg hf]zL cfGbf]ng/t kfFr kf6L{n] /fhf;Fu ;Qf xTofpg] nf]edf afu]{lgª ul//x]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . …!@ jif{df u/]sf] ljleGg s/t'tsf cfwf/df ;+;bjfbL kf6L{sf] clxn]sf] rlt{snf s]jn /fhgLlt ;Qf xTofpg] bfpm dfq} xf] . h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg ei6"frf/sf] kmf;f]df kg{;Sg] bfpaf6 aRg pgLx¿ hlt;Sbf] rf8f] pgLx¿ ;Qfdf hfg rfxfG5g\Ú, kqsf/ hf]zLsf] ;+;bjfbL bnnfO{ cf/f]k nufpb} eGg'x'G5, …pgLx¿n] !@ jif{df lgs} s/t't u/], h;sf] kl/0ffd g} cfhsf] cj:yf xf], To:f}n] pgLx?nfO{ /fhfn] eg]em} u/L u/]/ ;Qf x:tfGt/0f ug{' s'g} h¿/L 5}g . ;Qfdf a;]/ dfq} r'gfjdf hfg;Sg] geP g;Sg] /fhg}lts bnsf] g]tfx¿ clxn]klg ufpF hfg;Sb}gg\ . zx/df klg ;]gfs} :sl6{ªd} lx88'n u/]/ ;]gfnfO{ g} ufnL ul//x]sf 5g\ pgLx¿ .Ú
g]kfn k|]; OlG;6\Ro'6sf cWoIf uf]s'n kf]v]/n /fhfaf6 pb\3f]if ePsf] :jR5 5lj ePsf] JolQm g} efjL k|wfgdGqL x'g'kg]{ atfpg'x'G5 . …kfFr kf6L{ leq}af6 k|wfgdGqL 5gf}6 ul/g'k5{ eGg' c+xsf/ dfq} xf], k|wfgdGqLsf] bfaL u/]/ v'nf;fdf cfpg' cfkm}df 7Ls lyPg, cjsf] k|wfgDfGqL /fhf / kf6L{ b'a};Fu ;dGjo ug{ ;Sg] x'g'k5{Ú, kf]v/]n eGg'x'G5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ;Defljt k|wfgdGqLsf] gfddf dfwj s'df/ g]kfn, z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, tf/fgfy /fgfef6, lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf cflbsf] a9L rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
TfTsfnsf nflu gofF k|wfgdGqL ug{' g} åGåsf] bL3{sflng lgsf; xf] t < jl/i6 kqsf/ Zofd >]i7 eGg'x'G5, …cx x'Fb}g . TfTsfn dfwj g]kfnnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lbPklg b]zdf bL3{sflng zflGt cfpg;Sg] s'g} ;Defjgf 5}g . xf], zx/Lof cfGbf]ng rflx dYy/ x'G5 t/ ufpFdf nl8/x]sf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg /fhg}lts d'nwf/df Nofpgsf nlu uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, ;+ljwfg;ef;lxtsf] j[xt Kofs]h h¿/L 5, To;f] geP b]zdf åGå emg\emg\ rls{b} hfg] lglZrt 5 .Ú

/fhwfgLdf Gff/f h'n'z x'g 5f8]sf] 5}g

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ d] !!, @))$

;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] k|wfgdGqLaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf] tLg lbg kl5 ljleGg 5 j6f Joj;flos Pj+ k]zfut ;+u7gx¿n] ;+o"Qm¿kdf du+naf/ df}g h'n'; lgsfn] . h'n';df kqsf/, jlsn, lrlsT;s, k|fWofks, lzIfs, OlGhlgo/sf] ;xeflutf lyof]] .
/fhwfgLsf] k|b{zgLdfu{l:yt afNdLls SofD;af6 z'¿ ePsf] ;f] h'n'; zlxbu]6, gofF;8s, c;g, ef]6flx6L, /Tgkfs{, afuahf/, k'tn;8s x'Fb} k'gM afNdLlsdf k'uL ;efdf k/L0ft ePsf] lyof] . ljleGg k]zfut ;+u7gx¿n] cf-cfkm\gf] gf/f;lxtsf] Kn]sf8{ af]sL h'n';df ;xefuL ePsf lyP . h'n'; /Tgkfs{df k'Ubf ljleGg kf6L{sf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿n] dfOsåf/f :jfut u/]sf lyP . To;qmddf s]xL pQ]lht cfGbf]ngsf/Laf6 /fhflj/f]wL klg gf/f nufPsf lyP .
h'n'; ;efdf k/L0ft ePkl5 g]kfn jf/ Pzf]l;o;gsf cWoIf zDe' yfkfn] k|hftGq / zflGtsf nflu P]Soj4tfsf] gf/f af]sL cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL 5 ;+u7gnfO{ cfpbf lbgdf k|ltufdL lj¿4 ;8sdf plqg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf k|flKtsf nflu ljleGg k]zfut ;+u7gsf bL3{sflng Pstf h¿/L ePsf] cf}Nofpg'eof] .
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;efklt tf/fgfy bfxfnn] k|hftGq / jfs :jtGqtfsf nflu ;a} k]zfut ;+u7g s8f k|ltlqmofdf plqg'kg]{df hf]8lbg'eof] . g]kfn OlGhlgo/ Pzf]l;o;gsf dxf;lrj sg}ofnfn u'Ktfn] bfxfnsf] egfOnfO{ ;xdlt hgfpb} cjsf] cfGbf]ng Jojf;los ;'/Iffsf] ;fy;fy} k|hftGqsf] nflu x'g'kg]{ l6Kk0fL ug{'eof] .
/fli6"o k|fWofks ;+3sf cWoIf vu]Gb| e§/fO{n] cfGbf]ng/t kf6L{n] hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf nflu s'g} klg xfntdf /fi6"3ftL ;+emf}tf ug{ gx'g] wf/0ff JoQm ug{'eof] . g]kfn lrlsT;s ;+3sf cWoIf 8f= dgf]x/ u'Ktf / g]kfn lzIfs o'lgogsf cWoIf dfwjk||;fb clwsf/L b'a} k|hftGqs} /Iffsf] nflu clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ;+o"Qm cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

5fkfdf/x?n] gSsnL dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 5f8]gg\

Od]naf6
d] !), @))$

s]xL ;do otf pkTosfsf ljleGg :yfgx?df xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] gfddf xfd|f] cg'kl:yltsf] kmfObf p7fP/ gSsnL lr7L agfO{ laleGg ;+3;+:yfx?df 7uL ub}{ lx8\g] gful/stf k|df0fkq g+= !)## . !$&! :yfO{ 7]ufgf dfl/s s6x/] ( wgs'6f 3/ ePsf lIflth elgg] lbn axfb'/ /fo gfdsf Ps hgf lu/f]xsf ;b:onfO{ cfh @)^) a}zfv @*ut] ;f]djf/ laxfg *M$% ah] nlntk'/sf] s'k08f]ndf lu/ˆtf/ u/L dfcf]jfbLx?n] aofg lnPsf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLsf ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08 blIf0f pkIf]lqo Ao'/f]sf ;+of]hs l5l/ª4f/f k|]l;t lj1lKtsf cg';f/ lgh gSsnL dfcf]jfbLnfO{ aofg lng]qmddf laleGg ;+3;+:yfx?af6 krf;f}+ nfv /sd p7fO{ ;s]sf] s'/f :jLsf/]sf] / lgh 7usf] ;fyaf6 a/fdb ePsf] ;fdfu|Laf6 b/af/Lofx?åf/f ;~rflnt ljleGg gfdu/]sf ;+3;+:yfx?sf] cfa/0fdf hgo'4 tyf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] abgfd u/fpg] tyf ;dfhdf cftÍ / cl:y/tf km}nfO{ cfk\mgf]3[l0ft :jfy{ k'/f ug]{ s'/fsf] klg kbf{kmf; ePsf] s'/f lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
To; dWo] Ps g]kfn b]zeQm ;+3 gfd u/]sf] ;+:yfklg pk/f]Qm sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] s'/f ;f]xL ;+3sf] ;b:otf g+M@&#( ePsf cleo'Qm lbnaxfb'/ /fon] ;d]t :jLsf/]sf] 5 . To:tf ghlj/f]lw tyf if8\oGqsf/L x?nfO{ xb};Ddsf] sf/jfxL x'g'kg]{ lk8Lt kIfsf] tyf cfd hgtfsf] dfu adf]lhd lghnfO{ dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/x?n] ;kmfof u/]sf] 5 s'/f lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
To;}u/L Psflt/ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] abgfd u/fpg] / csf]{ lt/ ;dfhdf ;+Gqf; / cft° km}nfO{ To;}sf] cf8\df oxfFsf Aofkf/L,:s"n, qm;/pBf]u, O{+6fe§f cfbL ;+3;+:yfx?af6 lgoldt?kdf dfl;s rGbf p7fpFb} cfPsf 6Lsf e}/j 3/ ePsf /d]z gu/sf]6L, b]jLrf}/ a'?Gr'nL 3/ ePsf czf]s nfdf, k|sfz, ;'dg nufotsf gSsnL -dfcf]jfbL_ lu/f]xn] s]xL ;do otf nlntk'/ lhNnfsf 8's'5fk, kml;{8f]n, n]n], 6Lsf e}/j cflb O{nfsfdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gfddf k|To]s 3/af6 Pshgf AolQm clgjfo{ kf6L{df ;fd]n x'g'kg]{ Joxf]/fsf] krf{ / kf]i6/ agfO{ 7fpF7fpFdf 6fF:g] u/]sf]n] pQm AolQmx?nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] rGbf tyf cfly{s ;xof]u gug{ / pQm AolQmx?nfO{ ;dft]/ xfdLnfO{ a'emfO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg'x'g :yfgLohg;d'bfo nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] xflb{s cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ .
:d/l0fo5 pQm lu/f]xn] k|of]u u/]sf] lr7Ldf dfly g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ pkTosf ljz]if ;+u7g ;ldlt sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/ tyf eQmk'/ tn g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ ;+o'Qm ljz]if ;+u7g ;ldlt kl5 k|;fGtsf] x:tfIf/ pNn]v 5 . k|zfGtsf] gfddf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 s'g}klg lr7L st}klg ljt/0f gu/]sf] s'/f klg lj1lKtdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

hgsk'/ c:tJo:t M g]kfnsf] Psdfq /]Nj] ;]jf Wj:t

/jLGb| ;fx
hgsk'/wfd d] !), @))$

hgsk'/ gu/LnfO{ cfh ;f]daf/b]lv dfcf]jfbLn] gfsfjGbL u/]sf 5g\ . eg] %, ^ / & ut] g]kfn jGbsf sf/0f cfh b]lv !! lbg ;Dd t/fO{sf] o; k|d'v gu/L kfFr /fhgLlts bnx? / dfcf]jfbLsf sf/0f 7Kk kf/]sf x'g] ePsf] 5 .
ufpjf6 xl/of] ;fu t/sf/L, b"w, rfjn cfbL gu/df l5g{ /f]s nufOPsf] x'Ggfn] hgsk'/ zx/sf] hghLjg cfh}b]lv c:tJo:t x'g k'u]sf]5 .
g]kfnsf] Ps dfq /]Nj] ;]jfnfO{ klg cfh}b]lv cj?4 kfl/Psf]5 . ;f] ;]jfaf6} u|fld0f If]qsf dfG5]x? gu/ cfpg] uy]{ .
/fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f cfly{s hh{/tf ef]lu/x]sf cfd hgtf @( / #) ut]sf] /fhgLlgs bnx?sf] aGbL / %, ^ / & ut] h]i7sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] aGbLsf nflu cfkmgf] b}lgs hLjg Joj:yfkg ug{ g;s] s} ;dodf cfhb]lv $ ut] ;Dd dfcf]jfbLn] wg'iff lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd tyf t/fO{sf] k|d'v zx/ hgsk'/wfdnfO{ cfly{s gfsfjGbL] u/]sf] 5g\ .
lhNnfsf] k"jL{ tyf u|fdL0f If]qx?df cfdhgtfnfO{ cfly{s gsfjGbL jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg dfcf]jfbLn] lxhf] dfO{lsu+ u/]sf lyP . dfO{ls+u ub}{{} dfcf]jfbL ;d'xn] ufpFaf6 s'g} klg ;dfg zx/df l5g{ glbg] atfPsf 5g\ . ahf/ ;'rf? ?kn] ;+rfng /xg] , k;nx? v'Ng] t/ s'g} gfsf eP/ dfn ;dfg zx/ leq l5g{ lbg] 5}g elgPsf]5 .
dfcf]afbLn] ;f] qmddf ;jf/L ;fwgx? ;d]t aGb u/fPsf 5g\ . uf8Laf6 ;/;dfg gu/ leq k|j]z ug]{ cfz+sdf j;x? aGb u/fPsf] s'/f g]skf dfcf]jfbL lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt ;]qm]6/L /fh]zn] c1ft :ynaf6 xfdLnfO{ cfOtaf/ 6]lnkmf]gaf6 hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .
o;} jLr gfsfaGbLnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ dfcf]jfbLn] hgsk'/ hogu/ /]Nj] dfu{sf] k/jfxf /]Nj] :6]zg eGbf k"j{sf] /]Nj] lnsdf ad ljikmf]6 u/fO{ sl/a ;o ld6/ ;Ddsf] sf7sf] l:6k/ Wj:t kf/]sf 5g\ .
u|fdL0f If]qsf hgtfn] cfkmgf] s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ jhf/ ;Dd Nofpg] /]Nj] k|d'v ;fwg ePsf]n] cfly{s gfsfaGbL ;kmn kfg{ ;f] ljikmf]6g u/fOsf] xf] .
cfh ljxfg @ ;osf] ;+Vofdf cfPsf dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;f] 36gfnfO{ d"t{?k lbPsf] s'/f 36gf :ynaf6 k|ToIfbzL{x?n] atfPsf 5g\ . o;} qmddf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf If]q g+ % sf O+Grfh{ ljqmdn] ;f] 36gf dfcf]jfbLn] cfly{s gfsfaGbL ;kmn kfg{ u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
sof}+ lbgb]lv cj?4 hgsk'/ /]Nj] z'? ePsf] bf]>f] lbg k'gM bz lbg ;Ddsf] nflu cj?4 x'g k'u]sf] s'/f Ifltaf6 k|i6 x'g cfPsf]5 .
ptf hgkf !^ slkn]Zj/df Ps dfcf]jfbLsf] xft d} ;s]6 ad ljikmf]6 x'g k'u]sf] s'/f k|x/L pk/LIfs 6f]k]Gb|Wjh xdfnn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
ljikmf]6g kl5 ;f] If]qdf 7'nf] cfjfh cfPsf] lyof] eg] s]xL a]/ cWof/f] x'g uPsf] s'/f k|ToIfbzL{ kqsf/ sdn ;fxn] atfpg' eof] .
;f] ljikmf]6g eGbf @% ld6/sf] b'/Ldf dlg{ª jfs ug]{ Ps sd{rf/Lsf] xftdf ;dfGo 3fp nfu]sf] 5 .
slkn]Zj/sf] sjl/:tfg eGbf k"j{ / kf]v/L eGbf klZrd ePsf] ;f] 36gf:yn eGbf sl/a ;o ld6/ k/ Wj:t ePsf] k|x/L rf}sL /x]sf]5 .
gu/sf] k|j]zåf/f d} ePsf] ;f] ljikmf]6gdf kl/ dfcf]jfbL ;d]t 3fOt] ePsf] s'/f k|x/L ;|f]taf6 yfx x'g cfPsf]5 .
k|x/Ln] nv]6b} hfbf dfcf]jfbLsf] rKkn / k]:tf]n :yfgLo lzj dlGb/ glhs ´/]sf] lyof] .
sfqmf] / t/j'h h:tf xl/of] t/sf/L / kmnx? ahf/ l5g{ g;s] kl5 of] aGbaf6 ls;fgx?nfO{ a9L dfsf{ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
/fhdfu{df ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] cJojl:yt r]saf6 ql;t, dfcf]jfbLsf] k6s k6ssf] aGbLaf6 cft+lst / cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx?af6 kLl8t x'g k'u]sf] hg;wf/0fx?sf ;d:ofaf/] sf]xL uDeL/ gePsf] s'/f :yfgLo Ps hgf Jofkfl/n] atfPsf 5g\ .

hgsk'/sf] Iflt

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts wfld{s ,;f+:s[lt nufot x/]s b[li6sf]0fdf ljlzi6 :yfg jf]s]sf] hgsk'/ 1fg / jlnbfgsf] nflu cfkm\gf] 5'6} :yfg /fv]sf] 5 .
kf}/f0fLs sfndf hut hggL ;Ltfsf] rl/q, /fhf hgssf] ljxtf / o1jNSo h:tf lj4fgx?sf] e'ldsf] ?kdf kl/lrt hgsk'/ @))& / @)$^ sf] cfGbf]ng qmflGt If]qsf] ?kdf :yflkt eof] .
x/]s cfGbf]ngdf cu|0fLo e'ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf hgsk'/ zxLbx?sf] e"ldn] ;d]t lrlgG5 .
dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xdf ;d]t hgsk'/n] cu|;/tf b]vfPsf] 5 .
@)^) cflZjg !) ut] b"/ ;+rf/ 6fj/ Wj:t kf/]/ sl/a Ps c/asf] Iflt k'¥ofO;s]sf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx?n] ljt]sf] Ps dlxgfdf ljleGg :yfgdf cfqmd0f u/L t/fO{sf] o; d'6':ynLnfO{ c:t Jo:t kfl/Psf] 5 .
@)!% ;fndf lzNofGof; eO{ @)@# ;fndf z'? ePsf] sdnf l;rfO{ cfof]hgfsf] 8f]h/,:sfOe]6/, l6k/, s/]g nufotsf uf8Lx? dfly dfcf]jfbLn] cfqmd0f u/L sl/j @ s/f]8 j/fj/sf Iflt u/sf] lyof] To;sf] ef]lnkN6} @) ut] cfOtjf/sf lbg hfkfg ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf rf/ bzs k"j{ :yflkt gS6flemem s[lif kmfd{df cfqmd0f u/L @) j6f uf8Lx? Ifltu|:t kf/]/ sl/a cf7 s/f]8sf] Iflt u/]sf lyP .
qmlds ?kdf wg'iff lhNnfdf a9t} uPsf] dfcf]jfbL cfqmd0fx?sf sf/0f hghLjg ql;t / cft+lst x'g nfu]sf] 5 eg] Jofkf/ Joj;fo k"0f{ tx cj?4 x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
ljlxjf/ @$ ut] hgs'/sf] rf/}lt/ jd yfk]/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] k+hfj g]zgn a}+s ;+u cfj4 Pe/]i6 a}+s ln= jf6 $) nfv ?kofF n'6]/ nu]sf lyP . lbgsf] l7s !! jh] ePsf] ;f] 36gjf6 dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]lxx?df dgf]anpRr xF'b} uPsf] 5g\ .

g]kfndf ljw'tLo ;'zf;g k|0ffnLsf] ljhf/f]k0f

Eff]h/fh ef6
sf7df8f}+, d] !), @))$

hGd d[To' Pj+ ljjfx btf{ u/fpg' k¥of], cj gu/kflnsf sfof{no wfO/xg' k/]g . 3/sf] sDKo'6/af6 O06g]6sf] ;xfotfn] ;Dk"0f{ btf{sf] sfdsfh x'g] eof] . gu/kflnsfåf/f hf/L ul/Psf ;"rgfb]lv ljleGg ultljlw 3/d} a;]/ a'em\g ;lsg]eof] . cfxf † slQ ;lhnf] agfOlbof] of] O06/g]6n] . To;df klg O{-ue{g]G;sf] cjwf/0ffn] t ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L sfdsfh kf/bzL{ agflbof] . Sof, dHhf † jfx † slt l56f] sfd ePsf] .
nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] ;f]daf/ O{-ue{g]G; cyf{t ljw'tLo ;'zf;g k|0ffnL;DaGWfL j]a;fO6 ;Grfng u/]kl5 s]xL JolQmn] o:tf ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof lbP . pgLx?sf] egfO lyof], …ca g]kfndf klg ljw'tLo zf;g nfu" x'G5, ;f/f sfdsfh kf/bzL{ x'G5, ca vf;} em~eml6nf] Jojxf/ v]Kg'kb}{g .Ú
;+o"Qm /fi6";+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd -o"Pg8LkL_, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno / nlntk'/ pk-dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;+o"Qm k|of;df ;f] j]a;fO6sf] ;f]daf/ cf}krfl/s¿kdf ;'ef/De ul/Psf] xf] . www.lalitpur.org.np 8f]d]g gfd ePsf] j]a;fO6df klxnf] k6s ;/sf/L ;"rgfkq / kmf/d l/l;e ug{ ldNg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
l;+xb/af/leqsf] Ps dGqfnoaf6 csf]{ dGqfnodf ;/sf/L lr7\7L k7fpbf klg xKtf}+ lbg nfU5 . l;+xb/af/af6 k7fPsf] lgb]{zg bfr{'nfdf k'Ug Toxf"sf k|zf;gn] dlxgf}+ s'g{'k5{ . bf]if ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] klg xf]Og, k'/} k|lqmofsf] xf] . o:t}+ em0em6Lnf] k|lqmofaf6 d"Qm kfpg sDKo'6/ 1ftfx¿n] Pp6f gf}nf] …O{-;/sf/Ús]f cjwf/0ff NofPsf x'g\ .
;/sf/åf/f hf/L ul/Psf P]g sfg"g vf]Hg ls sfg"g lstfa vfgf wfpg'k5{ ls ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] :6f}/ zfvfdf . ltg} sfg"gx¿ ;/sf/L j]a;fO6df /flvlbof] eg] wfpg'kg]{ 606} ;fk x'G5 . cflv/ lsg o:tf] sfd gug]{ < lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnon] rf/ jif{ cl3 g]kfndf ljw'tLo ;'zf;g k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ cjwf/0ff NofPklg Jojxf/df vf;} nfu" ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg . /fli6"o ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt @)%& cg'¿k O{- ue{g]G; cyf{t ljw'tLo ;'zf;g ug{] egL sfo{qmd to ul/Psf] xf] . t/, dGqfnocGt{ut /x]sf] /fli6"o ;"rgf k|ljlw s]Gb|n] ut jif{b]lv ;/sf/L dGqfno / cGo ljefusf] hfgsf/L j]a;fO6df /fVg yflnPsf] xf] .
;g\ !(((df …jN8{ jfO8 j]aÚ cyf{t 8An"8An"8An"sf] cfljisf/ ePkl5 ljsl;t b]zdf O06/g]6dfkm{t ljleGg k|of]u x'g yfNf]sf] xf] . g]kfndf O06/g]6sf] k|of]u ;g\ !((#b]lv dfq} z'¿ ePsf] xf] . xfn clw/fHoe/ sl/a lghL tyf ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/-;/sf/Lsf u/L ;ft xhf/ j]a;fO6 ;Grfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] ;/sf/L j]a;fO6 dfq} Ps ;o %) hlt k'usf] 5, .gov.np sf 8f]d]gsf ?kdf . zfxL g]]kfnL ;]gfsf] 8f]d]g gfd eg] .mil.np /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ klg ljw'tLo ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿ksf] ljsf; dfGg ;lsg ];d4 ljz]if1sf] egfO 5 .
g]kfndf %( hgfdf Ps hgfnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g ;'ljwf 5 . sDKo'6/ Pzf]l;o;g ckm g]kfn -Sofg_sf cg';f/ clw/fHoe/L sl/a ;f9] b'O{ nfv sDKo'6/ ;]6 k||of]u ul/Psf 5g\ . tLg nfv hlt O06/g]6 k|of]ustf{ /x]sf 5g\ . o; k|l/k|]Ifdf g]kfndf O-;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff slQsf] ;fGble{stf xf]nf t < s]xL O06/g]6 ljz]if1x¿n] clxn] oxL k|Zg p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] cjwf/0ff k'/f kfngf x'g g]kfndf s]xL ;do nfUg] ePtfklg TfTsfn k/LIf0f :j¿k nlntk'/ pk-dxfgu/kflnsfsf] j]a;fO6 agfOPsf] ;/sf/L kIf egfO 5 .
ljw'tLo ;zf;g;DaGWfL j]a;fO6sf] lgdf{0f k|s[lt x]/]/ rf/ ju{df ljeflht ug{ ;lsG5 . ;/sf/af6 gful/s, ;/sf/af6 Joj;flos ;d'bfo, ;/sf/af6 ;/sf/L lgsfo / ;/sf/af6 ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'-;'lrt ug{] . Plzofdf pTs[i6 dflgPsf] l;+ufk'/sf] Pp6f O-l;l6hg u'|kåf/f !^ ;o ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf klg Goflos ;'ljwfb]lv Jofkfl/s k|o]fhgsf sfd klg ug{ ;lsGf] ljz]if1sf] egfO 5 .
oltv]/ O-;/sf/ k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ ljZjs} gd"gf /fi6"sf ¿kdf ef/t b]lvPsf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L sgf{6s, j}¨nf]/, snsQf, d'DaO cflb If]qdf O-;/sf/sf] pTs[i6 gd"gfx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L lr7\7Lkqsf] sfdsfh Od]n-O06/g]6sf] ;xfotfn] ug{]b]lv dfnkf]t, j}+lsª sf/f]af/, Gofo If]qsf] sfdsfh cflb;Dd O-;/sf/ k|0ffnL kfg]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 ef/tdf .
ut l8;]Da/ !)b]lv !@ tfl/s;Dd h]g]ef ;DkGg ljZj ;"rgf ;dfh lzv/ ;Dd]ngaf6 kfl/t Ph]08fn] klg O-;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ lgs} hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . Ps ;o %@ /fi6"sf k|lglglwn] ;xeflutf hgfPsf] To; lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf ljsf;f]Gd"v /fi6"nfO{ O-;/sf/ nfu" ug{ rflxg] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ …e]06'o/ Soflk6n km08Ú :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o;df g}kfnsf} nflu eg}/ s'g} 5'§} km08 5'§fPsf] t 5}g t/ ;/sf/n] ljz]if kxn u/]df s'g} g s'g} sfo{qmd xft kfg]{ lglZrt 5 .

1fkgkq a'emfpg cfPsf d"Qm sd}ofsf] ljrNnL

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sf7df8f}+, d] (, @))$

k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ 1fkgkq lbgsf nflu s~rgk'/af6 sf7df8f}+;Dd Ps nfv a9L j'l4hLjL Pj+ ljleGg ju{ ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfIf/ u/fPsf d"Qm sd}ofx¿sf] ;kgf crfgs ljyf]lng k'Uof] . zlgaf/ ljxfg k|wfgDfGqL lgjf; jfn'jf6f/df 1fkgkq a'emfpg] sfo{qmd lyof] t/ k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] z'qmaf/ g} /fhLgfdf lbg'eof] .

d"Qm sd}of ;dfhsL sf]iffWoIf ;sw}of rf}w/L cfkm\gf] dfu /fVb} . tl:a/, Rofgn g]kfn .

z'qmaf/ j]n'sL k|wfgdGqL sfof{noaf6 d"Qm sd}of ;dfhsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ kmf]g cfof], …ef]lnsf] 1fkgkq a'emfpg] sfo{qmd /2 ul/Psf] 5, cj o;kl5sf] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a'emfpg] sfo{qmd to u/f}nf lg †Ú s}nfnL, s~rgk'/, jf"s], alb{of / bfªsf @^ d"Qm sd}of k|ltlglwx¿ a;f]af; k'g{:yfkgf ul/g'kg]{ !@ ;'qLo dfu lnO j}zfv !$ ut] /fhwfgL cfPsf lyP .
d"Qm sd}ofx¿sf] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkg a'emfpg] sfo{qmd b'O{ ;ftfkl5 dfq to ePsf] lyof] . t/, ckzf]r Û ;do kfPsf] cl3Nnf] lbgd} pgLx¿sf] of]hgf etfe'u+ eof] . s~rgk'/af6 z'¿ ul/Psf] x:tfIf/ cleofgdf d"Qm sd}ofx¿n] /lhi6"/df !& xhf/ / Aofg/df (# xhf/ x:tfIf/ ;+sng u/]sf lyP . cj ;f] ;+slnt x:tfIf/ s]xL ;dosf nflu ylGsPsf] 5 . d"Qm sd}ofx¿ zlgaf/ lbp;f] @ ah] lg/fz;fy u[x lhNnf kmls{Psf 5g\ .
pgLx¿ eGb} lyP, …aNn aNn sfd 5f]8]/ /fhwfgL cfkm\gf] cfjfh /fVg cfOof] t/ s:tf] b'ef{Uo, oltv]/g} k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg'kg]{ ÛÚ d"Qm sd}of ;dfhsL s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf ;'sw}of rf}w/Ln] u'gf;f] kf]lvg\, …ef]6sf] j]nf sd}of lzlj/df hfg] /fhg}lts g]tfx¿n] klg xfd|f] dfunfO{ Tolt ;f¥xf] cfjfh p7fOlbPgg\ . k|wfgdGqL sfof{nosf sd{rf/Ln] klg j]jf:tf ub}{ b'O{ ;ftfkl5 1fkgkq sfo{qmd ;fl/lbPsf]n] klg xfd|f] of] ljrNnL ePsf] xf] .Ú

d"Qm sd}ofn] /fhwfgLdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng . tl:a/, Rofgn g]kfn .

;/sf/n] @)%& ;fpg @ ut] sd}of d"lQmsf] 3f]if0ff ul/lbPkl5 xfn;Dd !* xhf/ @ ;o ($ d"Qm sd}ofnfO{ hUuf lbO;s]sf] bfaL u/]sf] 5 . t/, d"Qm sd}of ;dfhn] egfOdf ;/sf/åf/f ljtl/t @ xhf/ * ;o %@ kl/jf/sf] hUuf ljjflbt /x]sf] 5 . vf]nfsf] lsgf/df, 9'+uf afn'jf ePsf] 7fpFdf jf ;s'Daf;L a;f]af; ul/Psf] h+undf d"Qm sd}ofnfO{ ;/sf/n] hUuf ljt/0f u/]sf] d"Qm sd}of ;dfhn] hgfPsf] 5 .
vf]nf lsgf/sf] hUuf, jf 9'+uf jfn'jf ePsf] hUufdf s'g} pAhgLafnL gePsf]n] TfL If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ d"Qm sd}ofsf] cj:yf emg} ljRfNnL ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . o:tf] b'MvbfoL cj:Yffaf6 d"Qm kfpg d"Qm sd}of ;dfhn] kLl8t d"Qm sd}ofnfO{ k'g{:yfkgf ug]{ dfu lnO /fhwfgL cfPsf] lyof] . d"Qm sd}ofx¿sf] /fhwfgLdf ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{sf k|lglwlwx¿, dfgjclwsf/jfbLx¿, ljleGg u}/-;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|lglglwx¿ / ;/sf/L sfof{no Pj+ k|wfgdGqL sfo{nodf 1fkgkq a'emfpg] sfo{qmd to ePsf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfpg] sfo{qmd afx]s cGo ;a} lgsfo;Fu cGt{lqmof u/]sf lyP .
/fhwfgLdf b'O{ ;ftfsf] a;fOqmddf d"Qm sd}ofx¿sf] u'gf;f] k|fo ;a} kIf;Fu /x\of] . dfgjclwsf/sf] xslxtsf s'/f] p7fpg] dfgclwsf/jfbLn] d"Qm sd}ofn] ;'/IffsdL{ / dfcf]jfbL b'a} kIfaf6 kfPsf] ;f:tLjf/] s'g} cfjfh p7fOlbPsf] pgLx¿sf] cf/f]k lyof] . …åGåsf] cj:yfdf yf¿ ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] a9L nlIft agfPsf] cj:yfdf To;sf] k|ToIf df/df d'Qm sd}of k/] . /fte/ dfcf]jfbL cfP/ cfkm\gf] kf6L{df hfg'kg]{ bafa lbg] u5{g\ eg] lbp;f]df ;'/IffsdL{ cfP/ o'jf d"Qm sd}ofnfO{ lg3f{t lk6\g] u5{g\, sd}of dlxnfx¿nfO{ s'g} s'g} 7fpFdf anfTs/ u/]sf] klg 36gf 5Ú, d"Qm sd}of ;dfhsf cWoIf hf]u/fd blxtn] eg] .
;dfhsL sf]iffWoIf ;'sw}of rf}w/L sd}ofsf] gfddf ljleGg u}/-;/sf/L ;+:yfn] s/f}8f] /sd s'DNofPsf] cf/f]k nufpFl5g\ . pgL elG5g\, …sd}ofsf] gfddf s/f}8f] k};f cfPsf] ;'lgG5, t/ lzlj/;Dd s'g} ;xfotf /sd k'Ub}g . slxn]sfxL pgLx¿ ljb]zL NofP/ d"Qm sd}ofsf j:tLdf cfOk'U5g\ . cjsf lbgdf o:f/L sd}ofsf] gfddf 7uL gxf];\ eg]/ g} sd}ofx¿sf] 5'§} ;dfh u7g ul/Psf] xf] .Ú
;dfhsf ;lrj kz'klt rf}w/Lsf cg';f/ clxnsf] cj:yfdf sl/j tLg xhf/ 3/ kl/jf/sf] 3f;, af;, skf; gePsf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/lj¿4 cfGbf]ng ul/Psf] xf] . t/, ;/sf/n] o;tkm{ vf;} s'g} uDeL/tf k|s6 gu/]sf]n] d"Qm sd}ofx¿ lgs} b'Mlvt ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿ km]l/ Ps k6s gofF k|wfgdGqLnfO{ pQm 1fkgkq a'emfpgsf nflu /fhwfgL cfpg] ePsf 5g\ .

yfkfsf] /flhgfdfkl5 dfcf]jfbL eG5g\

Od]naf6
d] (, @))$

;+;bjfbL / o'4/t qmflGtsf/L zlQmsf aLrdf c3f]lift sfo{ut Pstf ;lxt g]kfnL hgtfsf] u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngn] lg0ff{os cu|ult lng yfn]kl5, ;fdGtL lg/+s'z tTjx?n], o;df km"6 kfg]{ / hg;d'bfonfO{ e|d lbg] cfkm\gf] k/Dk/fnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpFb} Ps k6s km]/L ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] gf6s d~rg ub}{ cfPsf] 7x/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r08sf] /x]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08sf gfdaf6 cfOtaf/ k|sflzt lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
æk'/fgf] gf6ssf] of] gofF d~rg, slyt ;+j}wflgs zlQmx?sf aLrdf æPstfÆ x'g' kb{5 eGg] j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbL zlQmx?sf] lgb]{zg / bafjdf cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . k|ltufdL lg/+s'z tTjx?nfO{ cfly{s / ;}Go cf8 lbP/ g]kfnnfO{ ;fdGtL ;}lgs clwgfosjfblt/ ws]Nb} cfPsf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf nofutsf zlQmx?sf] of] gofF lgb]{zg / b/jf/Lofx?sf cufl8 v8f ePsf] ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] afWotfn] lglZrt?kn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] Pstfa4 cfGbf]ngn] xflzn u/]sf] prfO{ / ;kmntfnfO{ JoQm ub{5 . t/, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf h:tf j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbLx? / k|ltufdL ;fdGtL b/jf/Lofx?n] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf lgldQ ;du| cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; lbg xf]Og ckLt" k"0f{ k|hftGqsf lgldQ lg0ff{os cu|ult ln+b} uPsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ t"xfpg] if8oGq cGtu{t g} of] gofF rfn rlnPsf] xf] eGg] s'/f slyt bz{ge]6sf] >[+vnf / æ:jR5Æ 5ljsf] dfudf lglxt k|s[ltn] g} :ki6 ub{5 .
)& ;fnb]lv cfh;Ddsf] /fhg}lts Oltxf;n] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 ls k"0f{ k|hftGqsf lgldQ g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngn] cu|ult lng yfn]kl5 ;+emf}tfjfbL /fhg}lts g]t[Tj;Fu ;f+7uf+7 u/]/ ;fdGtL b/jf/Lofx?n] lg/+s'ztGq yf]kg]{ if8oGqdf ;kmntf k|fKt ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . Oltxf;sf] of] gsf/fTds kL8fbfoL / s6" oyfy{af6 lzIfflnP/ ;fdGtL tTjx?sf] v]naf6 cnu /xL hgtfsf] k"0f{ k|hftGq k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmntfsf] laGb';Dd k'¥ofpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
cfh b]zdf eLif0f u[xo'4 rln/x]sf] 5 . ;jf{lws ;+j]bgzLn ag]sf] u[xo'4sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug]{ /fhg}lts k|ZgnfO{ k|fyldstf glbO{ g]kfndf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg ;+ej 5}g . k'/fgf] ;+ljwfgsf zlQmx?dfq ldn]/ o;sf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg' eg]sf] b]zdf ljutdf em}+ ;+s6sfn bf]xf]¥ofO/xg'dfq x'g] h;af6 ;fdGtL tTjx?n]dfq kmfObf p7fpg] 5g\ .
Oltxf; / hLjgaf6 lzIfflnP/ g]kfnL hgtf / af}l4s ;d'bfon] ;r]t?kdf ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 u0ftGqsf] cfjfhnfO{ d'vl/t ul//x]sf 5g\ . u[xo'4nfO{ /fhg}lts ;+jf]wg gul/ zflGt sfod x'g} g;Sg] s'/fdf plgx? Psdt /x]sf 5g\ . w/ftnsf] of] oyfy{nfO{ s'g} ts{ / axfgfn] cjd"Nog ug]{ / ;fdGtL b/jf/;+u ;f+7uf+7 ug]{ k|j[lQ cGttM cfTd3ftLdfq x'g] 5 . /fhg}lts zlQm ;Gt"ngsf] cfhsf] oyfy{nfO{ k|ltlalDat / k|ltlglwTj ug]{ gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;fj{ef}d hgtfsf] ;xeflutf ;"lglZrt gul/ ;d:ofn] jf:tljs lgsf; kfpg ;+ej 5}g . o;sfnflu xfd|f] kf6L{n], hg;d'bfosf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ ;a} /fhg}lts zlQm, af}l4s ;d'bfo / gful/s ;dfh;+u ;+jfb / ;xsfo{ ;lxt Go"gtd /fhg}lts ;xdtL sfod ug]{ k|ZgnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg rfxfG5 . ;fdGtL k|ltufdL tTjx? hgo'4/t xfd|f] kf6L{ / cfGbf]ng/t ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts zlQmsf aLrdf km"6 kfg{ rfxfG5g\ hasL b]z / hgtfsf] lxtsf] cfjZostf cfGbf]ng/t zlQmx?sf aLrdf cem /fd|f] Pstf sfod ug{ /x]sf] 5 . ctM xfd|f] kf6L{ cfGbf]ngsf/L ;a} /fhg}lts bn, hgkIfLo zlQm Pj+ cfd-hg;d'bfo;Fu ;fdGtL b/jf/sf e|d / if8oGqdf gkm+;L k"0f{ k|hftGqk|ltsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg0ff{os?kdf ;kmn t"Nofpg xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .Æ

cfd x8\tfndf dhb'/sf] P]Soa4tf

Od]naf6
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dhb'/x?sf tkm{af6 6|8 o'lgog dxf;+3n] cfOtaf/ Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ rfn" cfGbf]ngk|lt cfkm\gf] P]Soj4tf hgfpFb} a}zfv @( / #) ut] x'g uO/x]sf] cfd x8\tfnnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf] 5 .
pQm x8tfndf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu ;d]t pQm dxf;+3n] ;a}nfO{ cfXjfg u/]sf] s'/f dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj ljgf]b >]i74f/f hf/L ul/Psf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æk|ltudg lj?4 lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ngdf ljz]if u/L r}t !( af6 c;Da}wflgs ;/sf/sf] nf7L, uf]nL / c>'Uof;sf] cfqmd0f / aa{/ bdgnfO{ e]mNb} cfd hgtf ;8sdf plqPsf 5g\ . kl/0ffd:j?k k|ltudgn] yk csf]{ wSsf vfPsf] 5 . c;+j}wflgs ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL /fhLgfdf ug{ afWo ePsf 5g\ .
hgtfsf] clwsf/ k"0f{ ?kdf hgtfsf] xftdf cfpg' k5{ . s'g} klg clgjf{lrt ;+:yfx?n] r'/Lk'm/L ug]{ lbg ca uP . hgtfn] hgtfn] g} r'g]sf k|ltlglwsf] zf;g :jLsfg]{ 5g\ . To;}n] ca hgtf k"0f{ ?kdf ;fj{ef}d x'g] jftfj/0f agfP/ dfq} cfGbf]ng /f]Sg' k5{ eGg] efjgfn] cfGbf]ngsf/L kfFr k|d'v /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] oxL a}zfv @( / #) ut] cfd x8tfnsf] cfJxfg u/]sf 5g\ .
o;} qmddf, xfdL tLg j6f 6]"8 o"lgog dxf;+3x? g]kfn 6]"8 o"lgog dxf;+3, g]kfn 6]"8 o"lgog sf+u]|; / k]zfut dxf;+3, g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ef]ln a}zfv @* ut] x'g] ;+o'Qm k|rf/ ¥ofnLdf ;xefuL x'g ;xefuL x'g cfJxfg ub{5f}+ . ;fy} @( ut] laxfg sf/vfgf-sf/vfgfaf6 h'n'; ug{ klg cfJxfg ub{5 . h'n'; kf6g, eQmk'/, afnfh', 7d]n / hf]/kf6Laf6 dhb'/x?sf] ;+o'Qm ?kdf lg:sg] h'n';df ;l/s x'g ;d]t cfJxfg ub{5f}+ .Æ

-;dfrf/ ;dLIff_

yfkfsf] /flhgfdfkl5sf] kl/b[Zo

uf]ljGb clwsf/L
d] )*, @))$

k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] z'qmaf/ lbg'ePsf] /flhgfdfn] clxn]sf] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf; lgsfNg] cj;/ lbPsf] 5 . ;fy} o; cj;/sf] ;'ema'emk"0f{ pkof]u x'g ;s]g eg] åGå emg\ rs]{/ lgs} rsf]{ r'gf}tL klg pkl:yt u/]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{x¿ l/xf ul/Psf 5g\ . b+ufu|:t If]qsf] 3f]if0ff klg lkmtf{ lnO;lsPsf] 5 . cyf{t\ cfGbf]ngsf/L g]tfx¿n] /fhf;Fusf] jftf{sf nflu /fv]sf ;a} ;t{x¿ k"/f ePsf 5g\ . t/ k|wfgdGqL yfkfsf] /flhgfdfkl5 klg k|ltudglj?4 cfGbf]ng/t bnx¿n] cfk\mgf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd g/f]Sg] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o; 3f]if0ffaf6 l:yltsf] u+eL/tf :ki6 x'G5 . o:tf] cj;/ tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] /flhgfdf lb+bf klg ldn]sf] lyof] . t/ /fhfaf6 kl/l:yltsf] ;xL cfsng x'g g;s]sf sf/0f !! dlxgf v]/} uof] . of] cjlw v]/ dfq uPg g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df g} ;jf{lws b'ef{Uok"0f{ /x\of] . o'4lj/fd u/L jftf{df ;+nUg /x]sf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx¿ k'gM ag kms]{ . xTof, lx+;f / dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf] z[+vnf klg ce"tk"j{ g} /Þx\of] . d'n's lqw|'jLo åGådf km:of] . g]kfndf klxn] ck]Iffs[t sd rrf{df /xg] u/]sf] u0ftGqsf] ;afn /fhgLlts ax;sf] s]Gb| ljGb' aGg k'Uof] . cyf{t\ ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] kl5Nnf] sfo{sfndf g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf hl6ntf ylkPsf] 5 . o;}n] pxfFsf] /flhgfdfn] cj;/ dfq x}g r'gf}tLsf] klg ;+efjgf a9fPsf] xf] .
k|wfgdGqL yfkfsf] /flhgfdf :jLs[t ul/Psf] hgfp lbg hf/L /fhb/af/sf] lj1lKtdf k|o'Qm efiffn] ;+s6 rsf{pg] cfz+sf g} a9fPsf] 5 . o;}u/L yfkfsf] /flhgfdfkl5 g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] …Aof6n lht] klg jf/ lhTg afFsL g} /x]sf]Ú k|ltlqmofn] klg ;+jfb / ;dembf/Lsf] eGbf d'7e]8 g} a9\g] ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf kIfw/ zlQmx¿ cyf{t\ /fhf / cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx¿sf aLrdf d]nldnfk cfjZos ePsf]df g]kfnsf ljb]zL ldqx¿ ljz]ifu/L cd]l/sf / ef/tn] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . b]zleq} klg /fhf / bnx¿sf aLrdf ;+jfb / ;dembf/L x'g'kg]{ kIfdf /x]sfx¿sf] ;+Vof pNn]vgLo 5 . t/ jt{dfg /fhgLltsf d'Vo kfqx¿ /fhf / bnsf g]tfx¿sf] cleJolQmdf eg] ;dembf/LeGbf x7 / cljZjf;sf] dfqf g} a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . clxn]sf] cj;/sf] ;b'kof]u x'Fb}g ls eGg] cfz+sf o;n] klg pAhfPsf] 5 .
/fhb/af/sf] ;"rgfnfO{ p4[t ub}{ lbOPsf] ;dfrf/cg';f/ /fhfaf6 k'gM :jR5 5ljsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] vf]hL ePsf] 5 . rGbsf] lgolQmsf cj;/df k|of]u ul/Psf] of] … :jR5 5ljÚ zAb g]kfnL ;~rf/ dfWod / jf}l4s ju{sf aLrdf pkxf;sf] ljifo ag]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L /fh b/af/sf] ;"rgfdf k|ltudglj?4 cfGbf]nt/t bnx¿sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ pk]Iff ug]{ k|of; klg ePsf] Wjlgt x'G5 . t/ yfkf jf rGbsf] /flhgfdf cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f g} ePsf] xf] / cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx¿n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj u5{g\ . /fhb/af/n] hlt rfF8f] of] ;To cfTd;ft u5{ ;+s6sf] lgsf; plQs} ;lhnf] / glhs x'g]5 .
yfkfsf] sfo{sfndf bn / /fhfsf aLrdf s6'tf / cljZjf; a9fpg] dfq} sfd eof] . o;n] b'a} kIfnfO{ lgs} 6f9f k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ljutsf s6'tf / ;Gb]x r6Ss la;]{/ ;+jfb / ;xsfo{sf nflu tof/ x'g lgZro klg ;lhnf] 5}g . t/ clnslt klg ;'ema'´ /fVg] xf] b'a} kIfsf csf]{ ljsNk klg 5}g . hlt g} s6'tf / ;Gb]x emfFluPsf] eP klg /fhf / nf]stflGqs zlQmsf] cl:tTj lgs} cGof]Gofl>t 5 . clxn] klg kfFr bnsf g]tfnfO{ eGbf kz'klt zdz]/ jf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] OR5f /fhfnfO{ x'g;Qm5 . b]pjfsf] k'gM:yfkgf k|fljlws ¿kdf k|ltudg ;Rofpg] sfo{ klg dflgg ;Qm5 . t/ To;n] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ub}{g . g]kfnL hgdtsf] d"nwf/ kfFr bn g} x'g\ . / g]kfnL sf+u]|; / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ g} clxn]sf k|d'v /fhgLlts zlQm x'g\ . hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ dfGotf glbg] xf] eg] /fhfsf lglDt pQd ljsNk b]pjfsf] k'gM:yfkgf xf] . /fhfaf6 …k|ltudg ;Rofpg]Ú ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff u/]/ g} b]pjfnfO{ k'gM k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ul/Pdf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿sf nflu klg To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ sfo{ lgs} r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g]5 . o; b[li6af6 x]bf{ b]pjfsf] k'gM:yfkgf k|fljlws ¿kdf ;xL / ;lhnf] ljsNk b]lvof] . k/Gt', clxn]sf] ;+s6 /fhgLlts xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] klg g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|ltlglw dfGg ;Sg] zlQm eg]sf] clxn] kfFr bn g} x'g\ . o;}n] /fhfaf6 o; cj;/nfO{ v]/ hfg glbg] xf] eg] cfGbf]ngsf/L kfFr bnnfO{ @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkl5 h:t} ;Qf ;'Dkg' cfjZos 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx¿n] klg /fhfnfO{ u0ftGqsf ;afndf ljZjf; lbnfpg ;Sg'k5{ eg] /fhfaf6 s6'tf / ;+jfbxLgtfsf] cj:yf Tofu]/ bnx¿nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf k|ltlglw zlQmsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . hgdtsf] s;L lgZro klg lgjf{rg g} xf] t/ clxn] lgjf{rg x'g] cj:yf 5}g / hlt g} s6' eP klg of] oyfy{ xf] .
k|wfgdGqLsf] gfd rog ug{ g;s]/ kfFr bndf ljefhg x'g;Sg] cfz+sf klg plQs} k|an 5 . kfFr bnnfO{ df}sf lbP/ klg pgLx¿n] cj;/ u'dfP eg] Tof] :jo+ cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf nflu k|t'Tkfbs x'g ;Qm5 . o;}u/L u0ftGqsf] ax;nfO{ ank"j{s bafpg vf]lhg' klg xflgsf/s x'g;Qm5 . / cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fhfsf] lj/f]wdf pGd'v u/fpg' eGbf klxg] kfFr bnn] /fk|kf / g]kfnL sf+u]|; -k|hftflGqs_sf ¿kdf /fhfsf] klg cfGbf]ngdf @* k|ltzt pkl:ylt 5 eGg] la;{g' x'Gg .
ctM /fhf / cfGbf]ngsf/L b'a} kIfn] w/ftnLo oyfy{df pleP/ clxn]sf] cj;/nfO{ ;+s6 df]rgsf lglDt k|of]u ug'{k5{ . /fhfaf6 :ki6 zAbdf hgtfsf] gf;f] hgtfs} xftdf kmsf{Psf] 3f]if0ff;lxt kfFr bnnfO{ lagf ;t{ ;/sf/ agfpg] df}sf lbg'k5{ . clxn] lgjf{rgsf] ltly tf]Sg' hgtfsf] cfFvfdf 5f/f] xfNg vf]Hg' dfq} xf] .
/fhf / bnx¿ cfcfk\mg} lh2Ldf cl8P/ s6'tf, cljZjf; / åGå a9fO/xg] xf] eg] ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] /flhgfdf klg b]zsf nflu b'ef{Uok"0f{ x'g;Sg] b]lvG5 .

-hgcfGbf]ng ;dfrf/_

cfd x8tfnsf] tof/L ;'?

d] %, @))$

sf7df8f}+ . g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] cfd x8tfnsf] tof/L z'? u/]sf] 5 . o;qmddf cfh nug Go'/f]8 sdf08sf ;+of]hs s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf a;s]f a}7sn] oxL j}zfv @( / #) ut] cfXjfg ul/Psf] cfd x8\tfnsf] k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu cfkmg\f] sdf08 If]qleq d;fn h'n';, k'Tnf h'n';, 3/b}nf], sf]0f;ef tyf j}zfv @^ ut] ;fFem /0fd'St]Zj/df cfd;ef ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] . pQm ;efnfO{ jfdg]tf kb\d/Tg t'nfw/, lzIffljb nId0f /fhj+zL nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;+jf]wg ug'{x'g]5 .
cfh} g]skf -Pdfn]_ eQmk'/ sdf08sf] a}7s ;+of]hs o'j/fh sfsL{ / dWok'/ l7dL sdf08sf] lj:tfl/t a}7s ;+of]hs pld{nf cof{nsf] cWoIftfdf a;L cfd x8\tfnsf] k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu eqQmk'/ lhNnfel/ d;fn h'n';, k'Tnf h'n';, 3/b}nf], l;7L h'n'; nufotsf sfo{qmd to u/]sf] 5 .
cfh} g]skf -Pdfn]_ rqmky sdf08sf] a}7s ;+of]hs k|sfz Hjfnfsf] cWoIftfdf a;L cfd x8tfnsf] tof/L / k|rf/sf nflu cfkm\gf] sdf08 If]qleqdf ljleGg sfo{qmd ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
cfh} ljxfg g]skf -Pdfn]_ sflndf6L sn+sL sdf08sf] cfof]hgfdf a[xt dlxnf e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Ltf kf}8]nsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf e]nfdf sdf08sf ;+of]hs ci6nIdL zfSon] cfd x8tfnnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;dk"0f{ dlxnfx?nfO{ 3/3/af6 lg:sg ckLn ug'{eof] . e]nfn] cfdx8\tfnsf] tof/Lsf nflu ljleGg k|rf/fTds sfo{qmd ug]{ lg0f{o u/]s]f 5 .
cfh} cfd x8tfnsf] k|rf/k|;f/ ub}{ eQmk'/sf] sf}zn6f/b]lv afnsf]6 x'Fb} l;?6f/;Dd ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+o'Qm k|rf/ kbofqf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

k|x/Ln] k/LIff ljyf]Nof]]
sf7df8f}+ . cfGbf]ngaf6 cQflnPsf] k|ltufdL ;/sf/ emg\ ljj]sxLg / jj{/ x'g yfn]sf] 5 . o;qmddf k|x/Ln] cfh 7d]nl:yt cd[t SofDk;df ;~rflnt k/LIff ljyf]n]sf 5g\ .
k|ltudgsf] sfhlqmof u/L ;8sdf lj/f]w k|bz{g ul//x]sf ljBfyL{dfly k|x/Ln] cGwfw'Gw nf7L, 9'+uf tyf O6fF k|xf/ ubf{ ;f] If]qdf le8Gt ePsf] lyof] . ljBfyL{nfO{ nv]6\g] / s'6lk6 ug]{ qmddf SofDk;leq k|j]z u/L k|x/Ln] jL=P= t];|f] jif{sf] k/LIff ljyf]n]sf] 5 . k/LIfyL{x?dfly cGwfw'Gw nf7L / a'6 k|xf/ u/]kl5 pTkGg kl/l:ytsf sf/0f hg;+Vof ljifosf] ;f] k/LIff g} /2 ePsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] :jljo' ;lrj ls/0f kf}8]n / cg]/f:jljosf' k|f=s= ;b:o sdn zfxLnfO{ ;Vt 3fOt] agfPsf] 5 . k/LIff ljyf]Nbf klg gc3fP/ 5fqfjf;df k|j]z u/L k|x/Ln] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lg3f{t ?kn] s'6]sf 5g\ .

k|ltudg lj?4 k|bz{g hf/L
sf7df8f}+ . j}zfv @( / #) ut]sf] cfd x8\tfn ;kmn kfg{ ckLn ub}{ cfh klg /fhwfgLdf h'n'z k|bz{g / ;efx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . hgclwsf/ jxfnL ug{ / k|ltudL ;/sf/nfO{ 3'F8f 6]sfpg cfXjfg ul/Psf] ;f] cfd x8tfnsf] k|rf/k|;f/sf] sfo{nfO{ bnx?n] tLj| agfPsf 5g\ .
o; qmddf cfh ck/fGxaf6 /fhwfgLsf ljleGg :yfgdf sf]0f;ef ;Dkgg ePsf 5g\ . g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL sld6L ;b:o s]zj a8fnsf] g]t[Tjdf afg]Zj/af6 lgl:sPsf] ;f+:s[lts afhfufhf ;lxtsf] hghftLx?sf] h'n'z, cf/=cf/= SofD;af6 lgl:sPsf] cg]/f:jljo'sf] h'n';, afuahf/af6 lgl:sPsf] k|/fo';+3sf] h'n'z /Tgkfs{df cfPkl5 cGo bnx?sf] h'n'z;Fu ldl;P/ ;+o'Qm h'n'; afuahf/, k'tnL;8s, d}tLb]jL, k'/fgf] afg]Zj/ x'F'b} gofF afg]Zj/ k'uL lj;h{g eof] . ToxfF cfof]lht sf]0f;efnfO{ cd[t af]x/f, z'l;n sf]O/fnf, s]zj g]kfn nufotn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePs]f lyof] .
o;}u/L /Tgkfs{df klg ;f]xL ;dodf sf]0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sf]0f;efnfO{ ;'jf; g]Djfª nufotsf g]tfx?n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

cfd x8tfndf P]Soa4tfsf] 3f]if0ff
sf7df8f}+ . k]zfsdL{, >lds tyf dhb'/x?n] k|ltudglj?4 cfGbf]ng/t kfFr bnåf/f cfXjfg ul/Psf] j}zfv @( / #) sf] cfd x8\tfndf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn 6"]8 o'lgog dxf;+3, g]kfn 6"]8 o'lgog sfFu]|; / k]zfut dxf;+3, g]kfnåf/f cfh hf/L ;+o'Qm lj1lKtdf ;f] s'/f hgfOPsf] 5 .
…cfGbf]ng eg]sf] /x/ xf]Og, afWotf xf]Ú eGb} tL ;+u7gx?n] …k|hftGq /x]g eg] xfdLn] xfd|f xs, clwsf/sf] s'/f ug'{ Joy{ x'g] 5Ú eg]sf 5g\ . snsf/vfgf, pBf]u, Jofkf/, Joj;fo, oftfoft, lzIf0f ;+:yf, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf, xf]6n nufot ;Dk"0f{ sfof{no aGb u/L kfFr bnsf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g tL ;+u7gx?n] ;Dk"0f{ k]zfsdL{, >lds tyf dhb'/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnu~hdf lj/f]w ;ef
afFs] . kfFr /fhgLlts bnx?n] k|ltudgsf lj?4df ;+rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd cGt/ut g]kfnu~hdf d+unaf/ h'n';, ¥ofnL / lj/f]w;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm sfo{qmd cGt/ut lbpF;f] kfFr j6} /fhgLlts bnx?sf kf6L{ sfof{noaf6 cf-cfkm\gf kf6L{sf em08f Jofg/x?;xlt lgl:sPsf h'n'; :yfgLo jL=kL= rf]sdf ldl;Pkl5 jL/]Gb|rf]s, 3/jf/L6f]n, lqe'jgrf]s x'Fb} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no cufl8 u]6df wgf{ ;lxt ;8s hfd u/L lj/f]w;efdf kl/0ft ePs]f lyof] . pQm ;efnfO{ ;Daf]w ub}{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ jfFs]sf ;lrj b]j/fh ef/n] k|ltudg k"0f{?kn] g;lRrP;Dd / k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf geP;Dd cfGbf]ng lg/Gt/ rln/xg] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . pQm hg;efnfO{ g]sfFsf pk;efklt uf]ljGbaxfb'/ >]i7, g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbb]jL_ sf s]; ;TojtL jdf{, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf s]; j]bk|;fb cfrfo{ / g]dlskfsf lji0f' l;+xn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm lj/f]w ;efdf & xhf/ cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . .

df ]/ªdf klg tof/L ;'?
df ]/ª . j}zfv @@ ut] g]skf -Pdfn]_ :yfoL sld6Lsf j}slNks ;b:o czf]ss'df/ /fO{sf] ljz]if pkl:yltdf df]/ªsf] ;j{bnLo hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldltsf] a}7s Pdfn] kf6L{ sfof{no kf+rfnLdf ;DkGg eof] . a}7sn] j}zfv @( / #) ut]sf] cfd x;8tfnfO{ k|efjsf/L Pj+ P]ltxfl;s ?kn] ;kmn agfpg ljleGg lg0f{o u¥of] . To;sf cnfjf :yfgLo txdf cfufdL j}zfv @* ut];Ddsf nflu ;+o'Qm cfGbf]]ngsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;d]t tof/ u/]sf] 5 .
-g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefuåf/f k|sflzt a'n]l6gaf6_

k|jf;L Pdfn]sf] ;dy{g

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
hfkfg d] %, @))$

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ k|jf; sld6L, hfkfgn] Ps k|]; jStJo k|sflzt ub}{ g]kfndf rln/x]sf]hgcfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soj4tf hgfPsf] 5 . k|jf; sld6Lsf ;lrj ad 3tL{n] k|sflzt u/]sf] pQm lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5,
ækf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{ cfGbf]ngsf/L hgtfdfly /fhfsf] d08n] v]tfnf ;/sf/n] rnfPsf] bdgk|lt v]b k|s6 ub{5F}+ . ;Fy} /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] jt{dfg cj:yfdf b]zsf] af:tljs /fhgLlts l:yltsf] d"Nof+sg u/L t'?Gt yfkf ;/sf/nfO{ avf{{:t u/L cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx?sf] l;kmfl/zdf ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ u7g u/L dfcf]jfbLx?NffO{ ;d]t zflGtjftf{df Nofpg] Dof08]6 ;lxt b]znfO{ /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg /fhgLlts bnx?;+u jftf{sf] nflu oyflz3| kxn ug{ xfdL hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ . cGoyf b]z cem hl6n /fhgLlts ;+s6df km:g uPdf ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L c;f]h !* sf gfosx? / To;sf ;"qfwf/x?n] lng'kg]{ 5 .
cfGbf]ngsf/L bn tyf hg;d'bfox? cfkm\gf] 3f]lift !* a'+b] dfuk|lt k|ltj4 /x+b} cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg xflb{s cg'/f]w ub}{ olb s'g} bn jf kf6L{ g]tf 3f]lift !* a'+b] dfu / sfo{qmd lj?4 cfGbf]ngnfO{ b/jf/df nu]/ a'emfpg] sfd ub{5 eg] pgLx?NFFO{ cfGbf]ngs} txaf6 tx nufpb} cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fpg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ cfGbf]ng/t kf6L{ tyf hg;d'bfox?df xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .Æ