|
;dfrf/ ;+If]k 
clen]vfno
g]kfndf :jo+d\ ;]jf u/]/ cfpg] cd]l/sLx?nfO{ :jfut
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+6g 8L;L, h'g @@
cd]l/sfaf6 ljleGg ;dodf g]kfnsf lhNnf lhNnfdf uP/ :jo+;]jLsf ?kdf sfd u/]/ kms]{sf
cd]l/sL :jo+;]jL -kL;sf]/_x?sf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] zgLaf/ ;f+em
jfl;+6g 8L;Ll:yt dfpG6Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6df Ps :jfutfy{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/\of] .
cd]l/sL lk;sf]/x?sf] $!cf}+ jif{ k|j]z u/]sf] pknIodf cd]l/sfsf ljleGg efuaf6
jfl;+6g 8L;Ldf cfPsf lk;sf]/x?dWo] g]kfndf ljleGg ;dodf ;]jf k'/\ofpg] em08}
^) hgf eGbf a9L cd]l/sL :jo+;]jLx? pQm ;f+em e]nf ePsf lyP .
lk;sf]/x?sf] :jfut ub}{ zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf tkm{af6 dxfdlxd /fhb"t
hok|tfk /f0ffn] cd]l/sL :jo+;]jLx?nfO{ cfkm"n] :jfut ug{ kfPsf]df v'zL
JoQm ub}{ cd]l/sL :jo+;]jLx?n] g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ k'/\ofPsf] ;xof]u xfdLn] slxNo}
ljif{g g;Sg] atfpg'eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df dxfdlxd /fhb"t /f0ffn] cd]l/sLx?n] g]kfnsf ufp+ ufp+df uP/
lzIff, :jf:Yosf If]qdf dfq ;xof]u u/]sf 5}gg\ pgLx?n] g]kfnL hgtf / cd]l/sL
hgtfaLrsf] ;DaGwdf ;d]t dha't kfg]{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ eGg' eof] .
clxn] g]kfndf cfO/x]sf] dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf nflu ;d]t cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] u/]sf] ;xof]usf
nflu cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] ;x|fgf ub}{ cd]l/sL :jo+;]jsx?n] klg xfdLnfO{ cem a9L
;xof]u ub}{ hfg]5g\ eGg]df cfkm" ljZj:t /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
;f]xL ;dodf zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf pklgof]u k|d'v lbg]z e6\6/fO{n] klg
pkl:yt lk;sf]/x?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm :jfut sfo{qmds} qmddf g]kfnL nf]s ufos If]qsf ;d|f6sf ?kdf kl/lrt x'+b}
cfpg'ePsf k|]d/fhf dxtn] lk;sf]/x?sf] :jfutfy{ ;f/+uLsf] w'gdf uLt ufpg'ePsf]
lyof] eg] pxf+n] cfkm\gf] rlr{t uLt kfgsf] kft uLtsf] ufP/ pkl:yt lk;sf]/x?nfO{
grfpg ;kmn x'g'ePsf] lyof] .
lk;sf]/x?sf tkm{af6 rs n'8nfdn] ljut rfnL; jif{sf] cjlwdf g]kfndf ljleGg ;oddf
k'u]/ cfpg] lk;sf]/x?nfO{ pkl:yt u/fg' ePsf] lyof] . rs n'8nfdn] cfkm"n]
g]kfnsf] ufp+df uP/ cfPsf ljleGg s'/fx?sf] ;+emgf ub}{ cfh o;/L g]kfnLdfem e]nf
x'g kfPsf]df v'zL JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L c? s]xL lk;sf]/x?n] klg g]kfndf a;]sf cfkm\gf If0fx? atfp+b} g]kfnLdf
efif0f ubf{ b'O{rf/ zAb eG5' eGb} xhf/f}+ zAb eG5g\ t/ cfkm" eg] z'?d}
Ps ;o zAb af]N5' eGb} g]kfndf cfkm"n] ljtfPsf If0fx?sf af/]df cfkm\gf]
Ps ;o zAbsf] g]kfnLd} efif0f u/]sf lyP .
;f]xL cj;/df sljx? x]dGt >]i7, uf]ljGb lu/L k|]/0ff, xf]d/fh cfrfo{, ho 5f8)5f
/fO{n] cfkm\gf sljtfx? Kff7 u/]/ ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] eg] 8f= cg'k kxf8L, l8saxfb'/
tfdf8)n] lutf/ tyf dfbn ahfP/ pkl:yt lk;sf]/x?nfO{ g]kfnsf] ofb lbnfpg'ePsf]
lyof] .
pkl:yt lk;sf]/x?dWo] w]/}n] g]kfnL 9fsfsf] 6f]kL nufot s]xLn] g]kfnL bf}/f;'?jfn
/ dlxnfx?n] ;f8Lrf]nf] ;d]t nufP/ cfPsf lyP .
To;}u/L g]kfn k'u]/ cfPsf lk;sf]/x?nfO{ dfpG6 Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6dfkm{t\ zfxL g]kfnL
/fhb"tfaf;n] dd tyf g]kfnL ef]hg v'jfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] .
:d/0f/xf];\ cfheGbf $! jif{cl3 tTsflng cd]l/sL /fi6|klt hf]gckm s]g]8Ln] cd]l/sL
gful/sx?nfO{ ljb]zdf uP/ b'O{ jif{ ;]jf ug{sf nflu lk;sf]/sf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng
u/fpg yfNg'ePsf] xf] .
To;} sfo{qmd cGt/ut g]kfnsf ljleGg lhNnf lhNnfsf :s'n, :jf:Yo rf}sL, s[lif;DaGwL
nufot ljljw ljifodf cd]l/sLx? k'u]/ ;]jf k'/\ofp+b} cfPsf 5g\ .
cd]l/sL4f/f g]kfnL ;/sf/L 6f]nLnfO{ ;+s6 ;dfNg] k|lzIf0f
jfl;+6g 8L;L !^ h'g g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL lj?4 ul/b} cfPsf] cd]l/sL ;xof]ucg'?k cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] >L
% sf] ;/sf/sf ljleGg kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ b]zdf cfOkg]{ ljleGg vfn] ;+s6nfO{ /fHon]
s;/L ;dfNg] eGg] ljifodf kfFrlbg] k|lzIf0f lbPsf] 5 .
pQm k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf efu lngsf nflu /fli6|o cg';GWffg ljefusf k|d'v b]jL/fd
zdf{ b]lv lnP/ z;:q k|x/Lsf dxflg/LIfs s[i0fdf]xg >]i7, /fhb/jf/ leqsf zfxL
/Ifs aflxgLsf k|d'v lj|u]l8o/ eLd /fO{, zfxL ;]gfsf hg]{n uh]Gb| lnDj', /fli6|o
z'/Iff kl/ifb\sf dxf;]gfgL s'df/ a'9fyf]sL nufot g]kfnsf ljleGg dGqfnosf ;x;lrjx?,
k|x/L clws[tx?, ;]gfsf k|d'vx? / sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf pkd]o/ ljb'/ d}gfnL
u/L @) hgfnfO{ cd]l/sL :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6n] b]zdf cfOkg]{ ;+s6 Joj:yfkgsf af/]df
k|lzIf0f lbPsf] lyof] .
k|lzIf0f h'g !) b]lv !$ tfl/v;Dd ePsf] lyof] .
k|lzIf0fsf cj;/df /fHodf cfOkg]{ ;+s6sf cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] s] s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug'{k5{, cd]l/sfn] s] u5{ / cGo b]zx?n] s] u5{g\, To; ;dodf ;+rf/ dfWodx?;Fu ;/sf/n]
s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/fpg ;Sg'k5{, ljleGg ;dodf cfOk/]sf o:tf 36gfx?nfO{
ljZjn] s;/L x]l//x]sf] x'G5 eGg] h:tf ljljw ljifodf cd]l/sfsf k"j{ ;]gfsf
hg/nx?, k"j{ /fhb"tx? nufot ljleGg ljifosf !@ hgf lj4fgx?n] k|lzIf0f
lbPsf] s'/f k|lzIf0f cjlwe/ ;fydf /xg'ePsf ;'hf]o s'df/ af;'n] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{
atfpg'eof] .
k|lzIf0fdf ;xefuL x'g cfpg'ePsf ;"rgf ljefusf 8fO/]S6/ w/0fLw/ vltj8fn] b]zdf
cfOk/]sf] ;+s6sf cj;/df xfdLn] ;+rf/dfWodx?;Fu s:tf] ;DaGw ckgfpg'k5{ eGg] ljifob]lv
lnP/ ljleGg ljifodf cd]l/sL lj4fgx?af6 lbOPsf] of] k|lzIf0f xfd|f nflu pknAwLk"0f{
ePsf] g]kfnLkf]i6;+usf] e]6df atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L ;z:q k|x/L dxflg/LIfs s[i0fdf]xg >]i7n] cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] lbPsf] o; lsl;dsf]
k|lzIf0faf6 xfdLnfO{ b]zdf cfOkg]{ ;+s6;+u h'Wgsf nflu ;}4flGts 1fg lng ;s]sf]
s'/f atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L sf7df8f}} dxfgu/kflnsfsf pk k|d'v ljb'/ d}gfnLsf cg';f/ of] k|lzIf0faf6
xfd|f] /fli6|o cg';Gwfg nufotsf ljleGg If]qsf /fli6|o gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL x'g]x?sf
nflu ljz]if ;3fpg k'/\ofpg] vfnsf] ePsf] atfpFb} ;du|df k|lzIf0f pknAwLk"0f{
/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
pQm k|lzIf0fdf efu lngsf nflu ;x;lrj:t/sf sd{rf/Lx? qmdzM tfgf uf}td, ljZjgfy
9sfn, sflzgfy zdf{, 1fgrGb| cfrfo{, af;'/fd /]UdL, s'df/ k|;fb kf}8]n, w|'jk|;fb
zdf{ x'g'x'GYof] eg] k|x/Lsf tkm{af6 /jL >]i7, lxdaxfb'/ u'?8), ;'/]Gb|axfb'/
kfn, 5qaxfb'/ k|wfg, k|sfz s'+j/ x'g'x'GYof] .
pxf+x?dWo] w]/} hgf k|lzIf0fkZrft\ zlgaf/ ljxfg} g]kfn kmls{;Sg'eof] eg] sf7df8f}+
dxfgu/kflnsfsf pk d]o/ ljb'/ d}gfnL csf]{ Ps sfo{qmddf efu lng Sofgf8fsf] cf]6f]jf
tkm{ nfUg'ePsf] 5 eg] k|x/L dxflg/LIfs s[i0fdf]xg >]i7 tyf b]jL/fd zdf{ cd]l/sfsf
s]xL zx/x?sf] e|d0f kZrft\ g]kfn kmls{g'x'g] ePsf] 5 .
Jffl;+u6gdf l/dfn hoGtL
ho 5f8)\5f
h'g !@, jfl;+u6g 8L=;L= .
b Ps]8]dL ckm g]kfnL kf]o6\; P08 /fO6;{sf] cfof]hgfdf ut cfOtaf/ qmflGtsf/L
o'ugfos slj uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfn hoGtL tyf slj uf]i7L cd]l/sg o'lge/l;6Lsf] ;ef
sIfdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] r/0fdf slj a;Gt >]i7n] :j= l/dfnsf] of]ubfgsf af/]df rrf{
ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] :j= l/dfnsf dflxnf 5f]/f dbgk|;fb l/dfnn] cd]l/sfsf] jfl;+u6g
8L=;L=df l/dfn hoGtL dgfpg nfu]sf] vj/ kfP/ cfof]hsx?nfO{ k\mofS; dfk{mt\ k7fpg'
ePsf] z'e sfdgf ;Gb]z dfwj cfrfo{n] k9]/ ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
bf]>f] r/0fdf ;DkGg slj uf]i7Ldf 8L=jL=tfdf8), d~h' lg/f}nf, ;/nf >]i7,
k|]d ;+u|f}nf, ho 5f8)5f, x]dGt >]i7, w|'j zdf{, dlgif kf]v/]n, lg/~hgdfg
l;+x /]UdL, nId0f ;Tofn, ;'j0f{ >]i7, lgnd k'g, k'? ;'j]bL, ;~h' kf]v/]n,
6Lsf k'g, gu]Gb| kf}8]n, j;Gt >]i7, cf8) bfjf z]kf{ tyf uf]ljGb lu/L k|]/0ffn]
sljtf jfrg ug{ ePsf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df afn k|ltefx? k'sf/ ;'j]bL, cf]hZjL clwsf/L, dg:jL ;+u|f}nfn] klg
sljtf jfrg u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL cj;/df :j= uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfnsf] /fli6"o uLt
/ftf] / rGb| ;'o{ === snfsf/x? hLjg kl08t, k|]d ;+u|f}nf, ;dL/ vs'/]n, d+h'
;+u|f}nf, ;'lgn pk|]tLn] k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly xf]dgfy ;'j]bLn] :j= l/dfnsf] of]ubfg dfly k|sfz kfg'{
ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd ;+:yfsf cWoIf xf]d/fh cfrfo{sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] / sfo{qmd
;~rfng slj x]dGt >]i7n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
8L ;Ldf g]kfnL e]nf cfkm}+df pknAwLk"0f{ x'g]
lu/Lz kf]v/]n
jfl;+6g 8L;L, !) h'g
P;f]l;P;g ckm bL g]klnh\ Og cd]l/sf -PPgP_sf\] @) cf}+ sGe]G;g cfp+bf] h'nfO{
rf/b]lv ;ft tfl/v;Dd jfl;+6g 8L;L d]6|f]kf]ln6g If]qsf] elh{lgofsf] RoflG6nLl:yt
j]:6lkmN8 Dofl/o6 xf]6ndf x'g] ePsf] 5 .
cd]l/sfsf] k/ JolQm cfDbfgLsf lx;fjn] cd]l/sfd} wgL sfpG6Lsf ?kdf lrlgg] km]o/km\ofS;\
sfpG6Ldf x'g nfu]sf] of] ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6gsf] lbg h'nfO{ kf+r tfl/vnfO{ sfpG6Ln]
;d]t g]kfn 8] eg]/ 3f]if0ff ul/lbg] ePsf] 5 .
;g\ !(*# df klxnf] sGe]G;g Go"of]s{sf] slg{8)df ;DkGg u/]sf] of] PPgP ;+:yfn]
clxn];Dd !( cf}+ sGe]G;g cd]l/sfsf ljleGg efu nufot kfrf}+ sGe]G;g ;g\ !(*&
df Sofgf8fsf] 6f]/f]G6f]df ;DkGg ul/;s]sf] 5 .
æd]ls8) cfj/ dfs{, g]klnh\ Og b cd]l/sfÆ sf] gf/f lnP/ x'g nfu]sf] of]
sGe]G;gdf cd]l/sfsf ljleGg /fHodf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf ;fy} Sofgf8fdf 5l/P/ /x]sf
g]kfnLx?;d]tn] efu lng]5g\ .
cd]l/sfnfO{ cfkm\gf] sd{e"dL agfPsf g]kfnLx?dWo]af6 cf cfkm\gf] If]qdf cd]l/sfdf
Voflt k|fKt ul/;s]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ sGe]G;gn] ljz]if ;Ddfg ub}{ d]ls8) cfj/
dfs{, g]klnh\ Og b cd]l/sf sf] pkflw lbg] of] sfo{qmd 8L;L cfof]hs sld6Ln]
kl/sNkgf u/]sf] xf] .
x/]s jif{sf] h'nfO{ dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;ftfdf x'g] u/]sf] of] g]kfnLx?sf] sGe]G;gn]
sGe]G;g kl5 clxn];Dd s] s:tf s'/fsf] lgrf8 lgsfn]sf] 5 t eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df
sGe]G;g cfof]hs sld6Lsf :yfgLo cfof]hs k|d'v cg'k kxf8L eGg'x'G5, cd]l/sf tyf
Sofgf8fdf /x]sf g]kfnLx? e]nf eP/ x'g nfu]sf] sGe]G;g cfkm}+df Pp6f pknlAw xf]
eGb} sGe]G;gsf] pknAwL Pp6} s'/fdf dfq ;Lldt g/x]sf] pxfF atfpg'x'G5 .
kxf8L cufl8 eGg'x'G5, cd]l/sf tyf Sofgf8fsf ljleGg efudf /x]sf g]kfnL g]kfnLaLr
e]63f6 x'g]5, cd]l/sL d"nwf/df g]kfnLx? s;/L cufl8 hfg] eGg]af/], cd]l/sfsf]
a;f]af;;DaGwL sfg"gL s'/fx?, ljBfyL{x?n] ef]Ub} cfPsf ;d:ofx?sf af/] To:t},
oxf+ hGd]sf g]kfnL s]6fs]6Lx?n] g]kfn / g]kfnL snf ;+:s[lt nufot ljleGg ljifodf
sGe]G;gaf6 hfgsf/L kfpg' klg oxf+ /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf nflu 7"nf] pknAwL x'g]
ljrf/ kxf8Lsf] /x]sf] 5 .
of] sGe]G;g g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs h:tf ;d:ofsf af/]df s'g} kl/jt{g
Nofpg ;Sg] sGe]G;g cjZo x}g t/, sGe]G;gdf e]nf x'g] g]kfnLx?sf] g]kfnk|ltsf]
wf/0ff s] 5 < pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] dft[e"ldk|lt sltsf] lrGtf 5 < cd]l/sfdf
a;]sf g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnsf nflu s] ug{ ;lsG5 h:tf ljifodf eg] ;Dd]ngdf 5nkmn x'g'
klg ;Dd]ngsf] 7"nf] pknAwL /x]sf] s'/f cfof]hs kxf8L atfpg'x'G5 .
To;}u/L PPgPsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nfsf] ljrf/df klg o;sf] d'Vo pknAwL eg]sf] oxf+
a:g] g]kfnLx?n] ljleGg If]qdf hfgsf/L kfpg'sf ;fy} gof+ ;fyLefO agfpg' cgL k'/fgf
;fyLx?;+u k'g{ldng x'g' g} /x]sf] atfpg'x'G5 .
PPgPsf] clxn]sf] d'Vo nIo eg]sf] jfl;+6g 8L;L d]6|f]kf]ln6g Pl/ofdf aGg nfu]sf]
;f+:s[lts s]Gb| tyf kz'klt a'4 dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf nflu /sd s;/L hDdf ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] /x]sf] 5 / of] sGe]G;gaf6 xfdLnfO{ To;sf nflu ;d]t d2t k'Ug] s'/fdf cWoIf
lg/f}nf cfzfafbL x'g'x'G5 .
sGe]G;gsf nflu ljleGg sld6L tyf ;j sld6L agfOPsf 5g\ . To:t} cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L,
jfl;+6g 8L;Lsf cWoIfsf ;fy} kmf]/d sld6Lsf k|d'v /f]h]Gb| jnLsf ljrf/df of]
sGe]G;gdf x'g uO/x]sf ;a} sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf ljifox? oxf+ a:g] g]kfnLx?sf nflu
pknAwLk"0f{ x'g] atfpg'x'G5 .
Toltdfq x}g, g]kfnsf] r]nLa]6L a]rljvgsf] ;d:ofb]lv lnP/ :jf:Yo, lzIff nufotsf
ljljw ljifosf ;fy} g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf af/]df g]kfnnfO{ glhsaf6 x]b}{
cfPsf ljleGg :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL /fhgLlts lj4fgx?sf ljrf/ ljdz{ x'g]x'gfn] klg
o;k6ssf] sGe]G;g lgSs} dxTk"0f{ x'g] s'/f cf]nL atfpg'x'G5 .
cd]l/sfsf ljleGg cf7 /fHodf /x]sf g]kfnL km'6jn v]nf8Lx?nfO{ ljz]if xf]i6 k|bfg
ug]{ sfo{qmd cfof]hs sld6Ln] /fv]/ cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; ug]{ blIf0f Pl;ofnL cGo
d'n'ssf] t'ngfdf g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ngn] cfkm\gf] 5'6\6} klxrfg /fVg d2t k'Ug]
s'/f klg cfof]hs sld6Lsf :yfgLo cWoIf cg'k kxf8L atfpg'x'G5 .
sGe]G;gdf dgf]/~hgsf] If]qdf g]kfndf lgSs} Voflt sdfPsf] !(&$ P8L Jof08df
bLk >]i7 nufotsf cGo 5 hgf snfsf/x?n] h'nfO{ 5 tfl/vsf lbg sGe]G;gdf ;xefuL
x'g]x?nfO{ ;+uLtdf /dfpg] sfo{qmd /flvPsf] 5 .
To:t} u/L g]kfnsf] lkmNd ;fpy Pl;of gfds ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 ;d]t sGe]G;gdf g]kfnsf]
jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf ljifodf tof/ kfl/Psf] /STofDo kxf8 gfds 8s'd]G6|L nufot
cGo tLg ;df;fdlos 8s'd]G6|L ;f]xL cj;/df k|bz{g ug]{ s'/f klg cfof]hs sld6Laf6
yfxf ePsf] 5 .
To:t} sGe]G;gsf] klxnf] ;f+em g]kfnL ;flxTos sfo{qmd /flvPsf] s'/f yfxf ePsf]
5 .
s]6fs]6Lx?sf nflu of] sGe]G;gn] ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf
hGd]sf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ g]kfnL snf;+:s[lt / cfkm\gf] k'/{vf}nLx?sfaf/]df hfGg
/ a'em\g cnUu} sfo{qm /flvPsf] s'/f klg cfof]hs sld6Laf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .
sGe]G;gdf efu lngsf nflu xf]6ndf cfOk'Ug'cl3 g} OG6/g]6dfkm{t\ jgnfO{g gfd btf{
u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/;s]sf] s'/f /lhi6|]zg sld6Lsf k|d'v ;'j'k|tfk s];Ln] g]kfnL
kf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 . s];Lsf cg';f/ sGe]G;gdf efu lng cfpg]x?sf] ;'ljwfsf
nflu xfdLn] o;/L cufl8 g} jgnfOgdfkm{t\ /lhi6|]zg ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] / o;/L
jgnfOgdfkm{t\ /lhi6|]zg ug]{x?nfO{ s]xL /sd 5'6sf] klg Joj:yf ul/Psf] s'/f klg
g]kfnLkf]i6;+usf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'eof] .
o;/L x/]s jif{ h'nfO{ dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;ftf x'+b} cfPsf] g]kfnLx?sf] sGe]G;g
ljz]iftM cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf nflu tLg rf/ lbgsf] ljbf dgfpg] / /dfOnf]
e]6f3f6f ug{] sfo{qmdsf ?kdf g]kfnLx?n] x]b}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
t/, g]kfnsf] jt{dfg hNbf]aNbf] /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs ;d:of;+u cd]l/sfdf a:g]
g]kfnLx?sf kl/jf/ ;d]t w]/}nfO{ 5f]Psf x'gfn] o;k6ssf] ;Dd]ng ut jif{x?sf] eGbf
lgSs} /f}gs x'g] s'/fsf] cg'dfg :yfgLo g]kfnLx?n] u/]sf 5g\ .
To:t} g]kfnaf6 ;d]t tTsflng ;/sf/ glhssf rf/ kfFr hgfsf] 6f]nL /fhgLlts cGt/lqmofdf
efu lng cfOk'Ug] ;+efjgf /x]sf] s'/f klg cfof]hs sld6Laf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 h;n]
cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf nflu bz jif{] le;f lbnfpg] sfg'g th'{df ug{df ljz]if
e"ldsf lgefPsf lyP pgLx?nfO{ PPgPn] cfkm\gf] ljz]if lgdGq0ffdf cd]l/sf
af]nfpg] k|jGw ldnfPsf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 .
tLg lbg;Dd rNg] pQm sGe]G;gdf nueu tLg xhf/ eGbf a9L g]kfnLx?sf] pkl:ylt x'g]
cg'dfg cfof]hs sld6Ln] u/]sf] 5 .
;]K6]Da/ P3f/ kl5 cd]l/sf s7f]/ aGb}5
lu/Lz kf]v/]n
jfl;+6g 8L;L
;g\ !(^* b]lv cd]l/sf a;f]af; ul//x]sf /]Nj] OlGhlgo/ s[i0f lg/f}nf cfkm"
jfl;+6g 8L;L cfp"bf oxf" #-$ kl/jf/dfq g]kfnL lyP, eG5g\. t/ lxhf]cfh
Pp6f ;fdfGo hGd lbj;df xf];\ jf d[To'sf a]nf dnfdL, @-#)) hgf g]kfnL hDdf x'g'
;fdfGo s'/f ePsf] 5 . P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kfnLh\ Og b cd]l/sfsf cWoIf;d]t /x]sf
lg/f}nf cd]l/sfdf g]kfnLx¿ a9\g'nfO{ ;sf/fTds¿kdf lng'k5{, eG5g\
.
;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+Vof olt g} 5 eGg] cflwsfl/s tYof+s
geP klg ^) xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . axfnjfnf dGqL, k"j{ dGqL,
;}lgs clkm;/ / ;lrjsf 5f]/f5f]/Lb]lv lnP/ wgf9\o tyf dWodjuL{o kl/jf/sf ljBfyL{x¿
cWoog le;f ldnfP/ cfpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof lbgk|ltlbg al9/x]sf] 5 . t/, pgLx¿dWo]
w]/}h;f] cd]l/sf l5l/;s]kl5 k9fOeGbf sfd vf]Hg]tkm{ nfu]sf] g} a9L e]l6G5g\
. To;}n] cd]l/sfdf sfg'gLeGbf u}/sfg'gL a:g] g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+Vof g} a9L
x'"b} uPsf] 5 . u}/sfg'gL a:g]x¿ d"ntM Go"of]s{, jfl;+6g
8L;L, l;sfuf], 6]S;f;\, af]:6g nufotsf k|d'v zx/x?df s]lGb|t 5g\ .
To;f] t u}/sfg'gL cfk|jf;Lx¿sf] ;+Vof ;+o'Qm /fHosf] s'g /fHodf a9L 5
eGg] s'/f oxf"sf] /fHo}lkR5]sf km/s sfg'gn] klg k|efljt t'NofPsf] 5 . Go"of]s{
/fHo Toxf"sf] sfg'gsf sf/0f u}/sfg'gL cfk|jf;Lx¿sf lglDt :ju{ g}
dflgG5 . xjfO /fHodf cWoog ul//x]sf ;+ho 9sfnsf] egfOcg';f/ xjfO /fHodf eg]
u}/sfg'gL¿kn] a:g] g]kfnL la/n} e]l6G5g\ .
g]kfnsf 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, ;/sf/L hflu/], k"j{ ;f+;b, ;/sf/L klqsfs} k|wfg
;+kfbs, snfsf/ / slj;Dd ;a}n] cd]l/sf k'u]kl5 g]kfn kmls{g] zfob} dgl:ylt agfPsf]
b]lvG5 .
To;f] t cd]l/sf cfpg]x¿sf] cf]O/f] nfUg yfn]sf] klg Tolt w]/} ePsf] 5}g
. klxn]-klxn] hlt cfp"y], pgLx¿ g]kfnaf6} sfg"gL ¿kdf
k9\g jf s'g} sfd lnP/ cfp"y]. t/, ljut ^-& jif{b]lv eg] cd]l/sf cfpg]x¿sf]
;+Vofdf ko{6s le;f lnP/ cd]l/sf l5g]{ / u}/sfg'gL¿kd} eP klg a:g] p2]Zo
lnPsf g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
vf;u/L, ;g\ !((% b]lv pQ/ cd]l/sf cfpg] g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+Vofdf cTolws dfqfdf
j[l4 ePsf] s'/f sf]nf]/f8f]df ;g\ !((@ df ljBfyL{sf] ¿kdf cfPkl5 g]kfn
gkmls{Psf pd]z lu/L atfp"5g\ . ;g\ !((% tfsf cfpg] g]kfnLx¿dWo]
ko{6s le;fdf cfpg]sf] ;+Vof a9L lyof] . pgLx¿ hlt cfP k|foMh;f] cfhef]ln
cd]l/sfsf ljleGg efudf :yflkt eO;s]sf 5g\ . d'VotM To;tfsf cfpg] w]/} g]kfnLx¿n]
/]i6'/]06af6 u|Lgsf8{ :kG;/ u/fpg], cd]l/sL gful/s;"u ljjfx ug]{ jf /fhgLlts
tyf wfld{s z/0f lnP/ cd]l/sfdf :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf e]l6G5g\ . cd]l/sg gful/s;"u
ljjfx u/]/ u|Lgsf8{ lng] WofpGgdf nfu]sf g]kfnL k'?if dfq xf]Og, dlxnfx¿sf]
;+Vof klg plQs} /x]sf] 5 .
z/0ffyL{ y/Ly/Lsf
cfkm" g]kfndf lqmlZrog wdf{jnDjL lyP", g]kfn Ps dfq lxGb" /fi6"
ePsf]n] lxGb"x¿n] a:g lbPgg\ eg]/ lgj]bg lbP/ klg s]xL g]kfnLx¿n]
wfld{s z/0f lnP/ a;]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿df b]lvg] …/dfOnf]Ú kIf
t s] 5 eg], u|Lgsf8{sf nflu wfld{s¿kdf cfkm" lqmlZrog atfP klg pgLx¿sf]
>4f eg] lxGb" wd{k|lt g} /x]sf] s'/f pgLx¿ cd]l/sfsf ljleGg /fHodf
/x]sf x/]s[i0f-x/]/fd dlGb/x¿df cfOtaf/}lkR5] e]l6g'n] k'li6 u5{ .
csf{y/L /fhgLlts z/0ffyL{x¿ ;g\ !(() sf] k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kg ePkl5 cfkm"
k~rfotL zf;gsf] kIfsf] ePsf]n] ax'bnafbLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ dfg]{ 8/n]
otf efu]sf] eGg] h:tf sfNklgs syfx¿ AfgfP/ klg s]xL g]kfnLx¿n]
cd]l/sfsf] u|Lgsf8{ xft kf/]sf 5g\ .
u|Lgsf8{sf nflu cg]s axfgf agfpg vlKk;sf nflu lxhf]cfhsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf]
hgo'4 klg c;nL axfgf ag]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ dfcf]jfbLsf sf/0f cfÎgf]
Hofgsf] ;'/Iff gePsfn] ubf{ cd]l/sfdf a:g /fhgLlts z/0f kfp" eGg] syfx¿
agfP/ cfj]bg lbg yfn]sf 5g\ .
e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ gSsnL sfuhft k]z u/]/ e"6fgdf k|hftGqsf
nflu cfGbf]ng eO/x]sf]n] cfkm"n] cd]l/sfdf z/0f lng rfx]sf] eg]/ klg u|Lgsf8{
xftkfg]{x¿sf] ;+Vof cd]l/sfdf sd 5}g.
Toltdfq xf]Og, cfkm" g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] sfo{stf{ ePsf], / e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]w
ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];s} ;/sf/n] h]n xfn]/ b'Mv lbPsf]n] cd]l/sfdf
z/0f lng cfPsf] syf agfP/ a;]sf …g]kfndf sf+u]|;sf] g]tf t/ cd]l/sfdf z/0ffyL{Ú
ePsfx¿ klg 5g\ .
cd]l/sf a:g] …axfgfsf/Úx¿sf nflu clxn];Dd t g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts
pyn-k'yn, e|i6frf/ / l5d]sL e"6fg;"usf] cfk|jf;g ljjfbn] klg /fd|}
;fy lbPsf] 5 .
slt 5g\ u}/sfg"gL a:g]
cd]l/sfdf olts} ;+Vofdf u}/sfg"gL ¿kn] a;]sf cfk|jf;Lx¿ 5g\
eGg] tYof+s cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] ;d]t lgsfNg ;s]sf] 5}g . oBlk k|rf/df eg] #)-$)
nfvsf] ;+Vof pNn]v ug]{ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . Vff;u/L, blIf0f cd]l/sfsf d'n'sx¿
h:t} d]lS;sf], Ujf6]dfnf, Pn;fNef8f]/, x'08'/;, OSjf8f]/, af]lnleof, lrnL cflb
b]zsf gful/sx¿ sfdsf] vf]hLdf cfpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof cd]l/sfdf ;a}eGbf
a9L 5 . pgLx¿ gx'g] xf] eg] cd]l/sfsf af6f3f6f, lgdf{0fsf] sfd ug]{ dhb"/x¿b]lv
lnP/ ;fgfltgf sfd ug]{ dhb'/sf] cd]l/sfdf cefj g} x'g] 5 . cGo d"nssf gful/sx¿sf]
t'ngfdf u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf a:g] g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+Vof t ;d'b|df Pp6f
yf]kfdfq} xf] eGg ;lsG5 .
;g\ !((% kl5 w]/} g]kfnLx¿ g]kfnaf6} bnfndfkm{t\ cf7 nfv ¿k}of";Dd
vr{ u/]/ ko{6s le;f ldnfP/ cd]l/sf cfpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof lbgk|ltlbg al9/x]sf]
5 . t/, To:tf JolQmx¿sf] a;fO pgLx¿sf] le;fsf] Dofb ;lsg]ljlQs}
u}/sfg"gL x'G5 . To:tf g]kfnLx¿ eg] cd]l/sfdf /x]sf ef/tLo, kfls:tfgL,
lrlgof / sf]l/ogx¿sf] /]i6'/]G6, k;n / Uof; :6]zg -k]6"f]n kDk_
df sfd u/]sf kfOG5g\ .
cln 6f7faf7fx¿n] !) b]lv !% xhf/ 8n/;Dd vr{ u/]/ ltg} Uof; :6]zg jf /]:6'/]G6af6}
:kG;/ u/fP/ tLg jif{df u|Lgsf8{ xft nufpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
t/, u}/sfg"gL¿kdf al;/x]sf w]/} g]kfnLx¿ g t xl/of] 8n/ 5f8]/
b]z kms{g ;S5g\, g t g]kfndf ePsf cfÎgf kl/jf/nfO{ g} oxf" af]nfpg
;s]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf pgLx¿sf] cj:yf 3/sf] g 3f6sf] h:tf] 5 .
;]K6]Da/ !! kl5 cfpg]nfO{ sl7g
;]K6]Da/ !! df Go"of]s{l:yt jN8{ 6]"8 ;]06/dfly ePsf] cft+ssf/Lx¿sf]
xjfO cfqmd0fkl5 cd]l/sf l5g]{ ljb]zLx¿k|lt ;/sf/n] ljz]if lgu/fgL /fVg]
u/]sf] 5 . x/]s /fHodf gof" cfpg] ljb]zLx¿k|lt cd]l/sL ;/sf/ s8f
ePsf] 5 .
;]K6]Da/ !! cufl8 hf] ;'s}nfO{ klg s]xL lbgsf] le;f ePsf] JolQmn] kf;kf]6{ /
of] JolQm d;"u a:5 eg]/ Pp6f JolQmn] l;kmfl/; ul/lbPsf] e/df /fHon] kl/rokq
pknAw u/fp"Yof] . sltko /fHodf ;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{ ;d]t pknAw u/fpFYof]
. t/, ca Tof] l:ylt /x]g .
;f]l;on ;]So"l/6L sf8{ ePkl5dfq ;fdfGo k;nx¿df ;d]t sfd ug]{ cfj]bg
lbg kfOG5 / ;f] sf8{sf cfwf/df /fHon] s/ sf6\g] / a'9];sfndf /fHon] sf6]sf]
s/sf cfwf/df k]G;g jf pkbfg lbg] u5{ . ;]K6]Da/ !! eGbf klxn] kl/rokq / ;f]
sf8{ b]vfPkl5 sltko k;nx¿n] yk hfgsf/L ;d]t dfUb}gy] .
t/, cfhef]ln ko{6s le;f lnP/ cfpg] JolQmn] ;f]l;on ;]So'l/6Lsf] s'/f t k/} hfcf];\,
/fHon] pknAw u/fp"b} cfPsf] ;fdfGo kl/rokq kfpg] Joj:yf ;d]t x6fOPsf] 5
. klxn]-klxn] cfpg]x¿sf] le;f cjlwleq} kl/rokq agfPsf v08df /fHon] kf"r
jif{sf nflu kl/rokq lbGYof] . ;f] kl/rokq lnPkl5 To;}af6 rfns k|df0fkq lng ;d]t
;lsGYof] . Tolt ePkl5 ;fgf]ltgf] sfd kfpg vf;} ;d:of x'"b}gYof] . t/ ca
Tof] af6f] aGb ePsf] 5 . æ7fp"7fp"df k|x/Lx¿n] kl/rokq
r]s ubf{ klg le;f x'Gh]n t kf;kf]6{ g} b]vfp"bf x'G5, t/ le;f ;lsPkl5sf]
cj:yfdf ;f] kf;kf]6{ ;d]t b]vfpg gx'g] ePsf]n] klg ko{6s le;fdf cfpg]x¿sf]
le;f DofbeGbf a9L a:g klg ca ufx|f] ePsf] 5,Æ ;]K6]Da/ !! kl5 cfOk'u]sf
g]kfnL gful/s ljho zdf{ atfp"5g\ .
;]K6]Da/ !! kl5 6]S;f;, sf]nf]/f8f], o'yf cflb /fHox¿af6 sltko g]kfnLx¿nfO{
b]z lgsfnf ul/Psf] ;d]t kfOPsf] 5 eg] sltko g]kfnLx¿ 8/n] cfkm}+ g]kfnlt/
;d]t nfu]sf 5g\ . g]j|f:sf /fHodf Pp6f Uof; :6]zgdf u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf
sfd ul//x]sf /fh]z v8\sf eG5g\, ;]K6]Da/ !! kl5 / u'?ª sf08kl5 g]kfnLx¿nfO{
klg n'sLl5kL sfd ug{ lgSs} cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5.
bnfn jlsnx¿
cd]l/sfsf cWofudg ;DaGwL x]g]{ jlsnx¿ eg]sf Ps j}wflgs bnfnx¿
x'g\ . pgLx¿n] @) b]lv @% xhf/ 8n/ /sd lnP/ u|Lgsf8{sf nflu :kG;/ ;d]t
u/fOlbg] sDkgLx¿ Vff]h]/ a;]sf x'G5g\ . tL kmd{x¿sf] sfd g} u}/
sfg'gL ¿kdf a;]sfx¿nfO{ sfg'gL ¿kdf ¿kfGt/0f u/fpg'
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . w]/} g]kfnLx¿n] To:tf jlsndfkm{t\ :kG;/ klg u/fPsf 5g\
.
ut jif{ d];Dd klg u}/sfg"gL eP/ a;]sf JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt /]i6'/]G6 jf cGo
s'g} ;Lksf] sfd nufpg] sDkgLn] ;f] JolQm dnfO{ rflxG5 eg]/ :kG;/ ul/lbPsf] v08df
Tof] JolQmn] em08} tLg jif{leqdf u|Lgsf8{ kfp"Yof] . t/ xfn cfP/ cd]l/sL
cWofudgn] tL ;a} af6fx¿ AfGb ul/lbPsf] 5 .
xfnsf] l:yltdf :kG;/ ul/lbg] sDkgL kfP klg ;f] JolQmn] cfÎgf] u|Lgsf8{
cfpGh]n;Dd sfg"gL ¿kdf g} cfkm"nfO{ /fVg ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . To;sf]
nflu w]/}n] cfkm"nfO{ u}/sfg"gL gb]vfpgsf nflu :yfgLo sDo'lg6L sn]hx¿df
egf{ eO{ ;ftfsf] b'O{ jf tLg lbg sIff lnP/ eP klg cfkm"nfO{ sfg"gL
¿kdf a;fO/x]sf klg e]l6G5g\ .
t/ ca ko{6s le;f lnP/ cfpg]n] s'g} ljZjljBfno egf{ eP/ cfkm\gf] le;f abNg ;Sg]
l:ylt ;d]t 5}g . klxn] klxn] cfpg] w]/}n] cfkm"nfO{ sfg'gL /fVgsf nflu
:yfgLo sDo'lg6L sn]hx?df egf{ eP/ le;f yKb} a:b} cfPsf klg lyP t/ ca cfP/ Tof]
klg sl7g ePsf] 5 .
To;/L sn]hdf egf{ ePkl5 eg] p;n] h;/L 8n/ sdfp"5' eGg] ;f]rfO /fv]sf] x'G5,
Tof] ;Dej x'"b}g . :kG;/ u/fPsf /]i6'/]G6 jf cGo sDkgLx¿sf dflnsx¿n]
ltgLx¿nfO{ Hofb} yf]/} tandf sfd nufp"5g\ . Tof] sfdsf] k};f sn]hsf]
dx"uf] z'Ns, jlsnsf] z'Ns / a:g vfgd} ;lsG5 . o;/L pm lbgk|ltlbg cd]l/sfdf
…efl;O/x]sf]Ú x'G5.
;fef/Md'unfgaf6
cd]l/sL a'l4hLjLx? ;dIf x]lnsK6/ cfjZostfdf hf]8
lu/Lz kf]v/]n
Jffl;+6g 8L;L d] (
k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf lxhf] a'waf/ lbpF;f] :6]6 l8kf{d]G6 hfg'eO{ cd]l/sL
ljb]z dGqL sf]lng kfjn;Fu e]6 ug'{ePsf] 5 . kfjn / k|wfgdGqL b]pjf aLr ePsf]
e]6jftf{sf qmddf cd]l/sfn] g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng bdg / g]kfnsf] z'/Iff
tyf cfly{s l:ylt ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu cd]l/sfn] g]kfnnfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] s'/f 5nkmndf ;xefuL ;b:o 8f= z+s/ zdf{n] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{
atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L lxh} k|wfgdGqL b]pjf jfl;+6g 8L;Ll:yt cGt/f{li6|o a'l4hLjL s]Gb| pO8|f]
ljON;g hfg' eO{, cd]l/sL /fi6|klt hh{ 8An' a';n] cGt/f{li6|o cft+safbsf] h'g
SofDk]g z'? u/]sf 5g\ To;df cfkm\gf] k"0f{ ;dy{g /x]sf] s'/f k|wfgdGqL
b]pjfn] æcft+sjfb;Fusf] ;+3if{df g]kfnsf] wf/0ffÆ ljifos uf]i7Ldf
atfpg'eof] .
uf]i7Ldf pkl:yt a'l4hLjLx?n] cd]l/sL /fi6|klt;Fusf] e]6df g]kfnn] s] dfUof]
t eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/sf qmddf k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] æxfdLnfO{ cd]l/sL /fi6|kltn]
;xof]u ug]{ arg lbg'ePsf] 5Æ dfq eGg'eof] .
xfn g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ u|fdL0f :t/sf JolQmx?sf] z'/Iffsf nflu x]lnsK6/sf] cfjZostf
k/]sf] s'/f k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbLx?n] xfn;Dd @ ;o %) ldlnog 8n/ a/fa/sf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ Wj:t u/]sf] tYof+s
lbb}+ k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] ;g\ @))) df g]kfndf cfpg] ko{6sx?af6 @ ;o !) ldlnog
8n/ a/fa/ cfDbfgL ePsf] df clxn] cfP/ &) ldlnog 8n/ eGbf sd cfDbfgL x'g]
s'/f klg atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ cd]l/sfs} ;+ljwfg;Fu bf+Hb} cleJolQm :jtGqtf / dfgjclwsf/sf]
pkef]u ug]{ :jtGqtf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] atfpFb} g]kfnsf] k|hftGq klg ;a}eGbf
/fd|f] k|hftGq ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] k|dnfO{ jftf{df hf]8
Jffl;+8)6g 8L;L, d] (
lu/Lz kf]v/]n
/fi6|klt hh{ 8An' a';nfO{ e]6\g] qmddf jfl;+6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/
b]pjfn] jfl;+6g 8L;L j/k/ a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] e]nfnfO{ a'waf/sf lbg ;Daf]wg ug'{eof]
.
g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ qmddf k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] cfkm" ut h'nfO{df k|wfgdGqL
eP kl5 g]kfnL g]kfnLdf lsg sf6df/ ug]{ n8fOF ug]{ eg]/ dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu jftf{
ug]{ kxn ub}{ t];|f] k6s;Dd jftf{ u/]sf] / rf}yf] k6ssf] jftf{ ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf]
lyof] t/ pgLx?n] PSsf;L jftf{af6 k5fl8 x6]/ cfdL{ Jof/]sdf cfqmd u/], pgLx?
;+ljwfg ;ef lbgk5{ eGy] t/ xfdLn] eGof}+ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf]
s'/f afx]s c? s'/fdf xfdL jftf{ ug{ tof/ lyof}+ . t/ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ jftf{;+u
dtnj} 5}g pgLx?n] jftf{sf] ;donfO{ b"?kof]u u/] . ca pgLx?;Fu tjdfq jftf{
x'G5 hj pgLx?n] xltof/ a'emfpF5g\ .
jfl;+6gsf] e|d0fsf af/]df g]kfnLx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbb}+ k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] eGg'eof],
æd]/f] /fi6|klt a';, sf]lng kfjn ;a};Fu /fd|f] s'/f ePsf] / pgLx?n] xfdLnfO{
;xof]u ug]{ arg lbPsf 5g\Æ .
clxn] klg g]kfndf k"0f{ dfgjclwsf/ 5 eGg' x'Fb} k|]; :jtGqtf tyf dfgjclwsf/sf]
k"0f{ pkef]u g]kfnL hgtfn] ug{ kfPsf] atfpg'eof] .
k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ cft+sjfbLx? g} x'g\ eGb} pgLx?;Fu s] sf] jftf{
ug'{ pgLx?nfO{ lgz:q, k/f:t u/]/ dfq 5f8\g] atfpg'eof] .
g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] n8fOF eg]sf] cft+sjfb lj?4sf] n8fOF xf] eGg'x'Fb} dfcf]jfbLx?n]
g]kfndf #) jif{ n8]/ NofPsf] k|hftGq Wj:t ug{ nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] .
g]kfndf af]Ng n]Vg h] klg ug{ kfOg] s'/f atfpFb} s;}n] klg aGb's / qf;sf] e/df
/fHo cfkm\gf] xftdf lng gkfOg] atfpg'eof] .
g]kfnLx? ljb]zdf a;]sf 5g\ pgLx?n] g]kfn hfg rfxG5g\ eGg] nfu]/ clxn] xfdLn]
bz jif{sf nflu leiffsf] Joj:yf ul/lbPsf] atfpFg'eof] .
b]zdf k|hftGq, Gofok|0ffnL, cfly{s cg'zf;g, dlxnf, bnLt, hghflt ;a} If]qdf ;'wf/
x'Fb} uPsf] s'/f klg k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] atfpg'eof] .
cfhsf] % jif{leq xfdLn] u/LjL lgjf/0fdf df ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf 5f}+ eGg'x'Fb}
u/LjL lgjf/0fsf] h?/L ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
g]kfnsf] eljZo /fd|f] ePsf] atfpFb} xfdLn] ;'Gb/ b]znfO{ cem ;'Gb/ agfpg ;Sg]
s'/f klg k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] atfpg'eof] .
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] cd]l/sf g]kfnsf] ;DaGw a9fpg] sfddf g]kfnsf] njL ug]{
sfddf tkfO{+x? nfUg'x'g]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . cd]l/sf eg]s} hf] klg aflx/} cfP/
a;]sf x'g\ To;}n] cfkm"nfO{ klg g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] eGg] uf}/j ub}{ tkfO{+x?
g]kfn ;/sf/sftkm{af6 cj}tflgs /fhb"t x'g x'g k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] cfu|x ug'[eof]
.
e]nf cfof]hssf tkm{af6 cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf cWoIf /fh]Gb| cf]nLn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{
:jfut ub}{ dfcf]jfbL tyf ;/sf/ b'j} jftf{sf] 6]jndf a;]/ b]zsf] of] eofeo l:yltnfO{
;'Nemfpg' kg]{ k|wfgdGqL ;dIf cfu|x ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cWoIf cf]nLn], g]kfn of] eofeo l:yltdf u'lh|Psf sf/0f ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnL klg
lrlGtt 5g\ eGb} k|wfgdGqL b]pjfs} sfo{sfndf z'? ePsf] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng pxfFs}
;dodf ;dfwfg xf];\ eGg] sfdgf klg ug'{eof] .
To;}u/L ljb]zaf6 nluPsf] ;xof]unfO{ o'4df x}g ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df nufP/ b]z
ljsf;sf] ult cufl8 a8fpg klg k|wfgdGqLnfO{ cWoIf cf]nLn] ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf
tkm{af6 ckLn ug'{eof] .
;f]xL sfo{qmddf g]kfnL nf]s ;d|f6sf gfdn] cd]l/sfdf lrlgg yfn]sf nf]s ufos k|]d/fhf
dxtn] k|wfgdGqLsf] :jfut sfo{qmdsf cj;/df Pp6f uLt k|:t't u/]sf lyP . ;f/8)uLsf]
w'gdf k|:t't pQm uLtsf] af]nn] b]pjf ;/sf/n] jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ rf8}+
g} ;dfwfg u/ eGb} cd]l/sL /fi6|klt hh{ 8An' a';;Fu s]s] s'/f eof] eGg] k|Zg
ub}{ cfkm}+n] /r]sf] ld7f] ;Gb]z d"ns uLt ufP/ g]kfndf hlt;Sbf] rf8f]+
zflGt NofOof];\ eGg] cfu|x k|wfgdGqL b]pjfnfO{ u/]sf lyP . pgsf] uLtn] ;a} pkl:yt
g]kfnLxsf] dg 5f]Psf] lyof] .
k|wfgdGqL b]pjfnfO{ cd]l/sf l:yt b P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ Og cd]l/sfsf cWoIf
s[i0f lg/f}nfn] k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfn] lbg'ePsf] arg cg';f/ ljb]zdf a:g]
g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] bz jif]{ le;f lbg] k|jGw u/]sf]df wGojfb 1fkg ug'{eof]
.
;f]xL cj;/df ;fgk|mflG;:sf]sf] zfGtfqm'h zx/sf d]o/sf] l;:6/l;6L agfpg] cg'/f]w
kq lnP/ cfpg'ePsf a'g' tfdf8) / lqm; :kfs{ k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfHo"nfO{
kq x:tfGt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L, Un]gsfln{g jflAK6:6 rr{ kf:6/ u|]u nf]P/n] k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{
pkxf/ k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
jfnaflnsfsf] clwsf/sf l:yltsf af/]df :yfgLo a'l4hLjL k|]d ;+u|f}nfn] ;f]Wg'ePsf]
k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbb}+ k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] afnaflnsfdfly ;/sf/n] s'g} e]befj gu/]sf]
atfpg'eof] . clxn] dfcf]jfbLx?n] afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ckx/0f u/]/ hj/h:tL o'4sf nflu
etL{ u/fPsf 5g\ pgLx?nfO{ k]6|f]nad xfGg nufPsf 5g\ eGg'eof] . xfdLn] s'g} dfcf]jfbLsf
aRrf eg]/ 5'6\ofPsf 5}gf}+ xfdL ;/sf/ eg]sf] b]zsf ufh]{g xf}+ eGb} 6'x'/f afnaflnsfx?dfly
;/sf/n] e]befj gu/]sf] atfpg'eof] .
xfdLn] dfcf]jfbLsf gfddf z+sf:kb JolQmx?nfO{ klg gdfl/Psf] a? dfcf]jfbLx?n]
To;/L df/]sf] s'/f k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
clxn] /fhZj 36]sf], ko{6s 36]sf] 5 t/ cGo If]qdf vf;} s]xL km/s gk/]sf] s'/f
klg k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] atfpg'eof] .
g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;Qfsf] n8fO{+sfaf/]df :yfgLo a'l4hLjL cfdf]b s'6'jfnn] ug'{ePsf]
k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn], k|hftGqdf ;Qfsf] nflu n8fO{+ hxf+ klg x'G5
eGg'x'Fb} r'gfjsf] /fhgLltdf g]t[Tj kl/jt{g x'G5 s] eof] Tof] t oxfF klg 5 eGg'eof]
.
cfdf]b s6'jfnn], of] ;d:ofnfO{ hlt;Sbf] rf8f]+ ;dfwfg ug]{tkm{ k|wfgdGqLn] sbd
rfNg'k/\of] hf] d/] klg g]kfnL hgtfs} 5f]/f5f]/L d/]sf 5g\ eGg' x'+bf To;}n]
t jftf{ u/f}+ eGg] t d} x'F gL ca dnfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 < dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g} eGg'xf];\
g t eGg] hjfkm k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ ;+3 cd]l/sfsf cWoIf 8f= an/fd cof{nn] ;d]t g]kfnsf] dfgjwclwsf/sf]
l:ylt lbg lbg} eofeo aGb} u/]sf] atfpFb} Ps 1fkg kq k|wfgdGqL b]pjfnfO{ lbg'ePsf]
lyof] .
csf{ g]kfnL sf+u|];s} sfo{stf{ ab|L e6\6/fO{n] cfkm" dfcf]jfbLaf6 kLl8t
dWo]sf] Ps x'F eGb}] k|wfgdGqL Ps hgf dfq clxn] cfP/ of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
jftf{ gug]{ kIfdf x'g'x'G5, b]zfdf zflGt :yfkgf ug{sf nflu bdgn] x}g jftf{af6}
;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbb}+ ca jftf{sf nflu oxfFn] s] ;f]Rg'ePsf]
5 eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn], jfdkGyLx?n] klg clxn] cfP/ dfcf]jfbLx?n]
xltof/ a'emfpg'k5{ / jftf{df cfpg'k5{ eg]sf] 5g\ To;}n] d}n] klg xftxltof/ a'emfP/
jftf{df cfp eg]s} 5' gL d}n] jftf{ g} u/lbg geg]sf] k|wfgdGqLn] k|i6 kfg'{eof]
.
clxn]sf] ;do jftf{sf nflu pko'Qm ;do xf] eg]/ tkfO+{s} kf6L{ ;efkltn] eGb} cfpg'ePsf]
5 gL eGg] 6Lsf k'gsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/df k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm\gf] ;efkltn] klg xltof/
lj;fP/ jftf{df cfp eGg'ePsf] 5 eGb} xltof/ lj;fP/ cfP cfkm" jftf{ ug{ tof/
/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
e"6fgL cfGbf]ngsf ljBfyL{ g]tf ljZj If]qLn] e"6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ g]kfnaf6
kmsf{pg] ;DaGwdf s:tf] kxn ePsf] 5, eGg] k|Zg ub}{ cd]l/sfdf /x]sf e"6fgLx?n]
g]kfn hfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] le;f lbg;d]t cfu|x ub}{ Ps 1fkgkq lbg'ePsf] lyof]
.
k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] e"6fgsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{tkm{ e"6fg;Fu xfdLn]
k|of; ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
pQm cj;/df gu]Gb| kf}8]n, lg/~hgdfgl;+x /]UdL, gf/f0f v/]n, lbks >]i7 nufotsf
w]/} hgf :yfgLo g]kfnLx?n] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf cfkm\gf lh1f;fx? /fv]sf lyP .
k|wfgdGqL;Fusf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf pkl:yt g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnsf] of] ;d:ofnfO{
k|wfgdGqLn] hlt;Sbf] rf8f]+ ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
lxh} ;f+em k|wfgdGqL Go"of]s{ k|:yfg ug'{eof] .
/fi6|klt a';n] g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL ultljlwnfO{ /f]Sg k"0f{ ;xof]u ug]{
lu/Lz kf]v/]n,
jfl;+6g 8L;L, d] *
g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] lxhf] lbpF;f] Ps ah] sl/j cfwf306f cd]l/sfsf
/fi6|klt hh{ 8An' a';;Fu XjfO6 xfp;l:yt cf]en sIfdf e]6aftf{ ug'{eof] .
jftf{af6 lgl:sPkl5 XjfO6 xfp;s} k|fu+9df k|wfgdGqLnfO{ kqsf/x?4f/f ;f]lwPsf]
k|Zgsf] pQ/df pxfFn] eGg'eof], æxfd|f] jftf{ cToGt pknAwLk"0f{ eof]
.Æ /fi6|klt hh{ 8An' a';;Fusf] e]6kl5 d w]/} v'zL 5' .
/fi6|klt a';n] xfd|f] b]zsf] cft+safbL ultljlwnfO{ /f]Sg k"0f{ ;xof]u h'6fpg
OR5's ePsf] s'/f k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] kqsf/x?nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
/fi6|klt;Fu s] s'/f eof] t eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf
;fy} cft+safbL ultljlw /f]Sg] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] dfcf]jfbLx? cft+ssf/L g} x'g\ eGb} pgLx?n] k|of]u
ug]{ xltof/x? / ;xof]u ;+;f/e/ /x]sf cft+ssf/L ;Da4 ;+u7gx?dfkm{t\ pknAw ePsf]
s'/f kqsf/x?nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
s] g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ cf];fdf ljGnflbgsf] ;+u7g cNsfObfn] klg ;xof]u u/]sf]
5 t eGg] Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/df k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] eGg'eof], æcft+ssf/Lx? cft+ssf/L
g} x'g\ t/ xfdL;Fu s'g} k|df0f r} 5}g t/ hxfF eP klg pgLx?sf] ;xof]u / ;Dks{
/xG5 eGg] ljZjf; xfdLn] lnPsf 5f}+ .Æ
ut Ps jif{b]lv dfcf]jfbL ultljlw r/dpTsif{df k'Ug'sf] sf/0f s] xf] t eGg] k|Zgsf]
pQ/df k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] eGg'eof], ædfcf]jfbLx?n] g]kfnsf] k|hftGqLs/0fsf]
b'?kof]u ub}{ xfn cfP/ /fi6|nfO{ g} gi6 ug]{ l:yltdf k'/\ofPsf 5g\ eGb} pbfx/0f
:j?k ef}lts ;+/rgfx?dflysf] cfqmd0faf6 klg of] s'/f k|i6 eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L kqsf/x?nfO{
lbg'eof] .
g]kfn ;/sf/ k|hftGqsf] /Iffsf nflu cft+safblj?4 o'4 ul//x]sf] s'/f klg pxfFn]
atfpg'eof] .
dfcf]jfbLx?sf] rLg tyf kfls:tfgL u'Ktr/ ;+u7g cfOP; cfO{ ;Fu s]xL ;DaGw 5 t
eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] eGg'eof], æpgLx?sf] s'g} klg ;DaGw
ePsf] s'/f dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .Æ
g]kfn ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGwsf af/]df ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf, ef/t;Fu d}lqk"0f{ ;DaGw
/x]sf] / ef/tn] g]kfnsf] cft+sjfbL ultljlw /f]Sgdf k"0f{ ;xof]u ug]{ s'/fdf
cfkm" cfZj:t /x]sf] s'/f k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] kqsf/x?nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
pQm e]6sf cj;/df k|wfgdGqLsf ;fydf g]kfnsftkm{af6 k|wfgdGqLsf ;Nnfxfsf/ 8f=
k|sfz z/0f dxt, /fli6|o of]hgf cfof]usf ;bZo 8f= z+s/ zdf{, sfodd'sfo k//fi6|
;lrj dw'/d0f cfrfo{, zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ff /xg' ePsf] lyof]
.
To;}u/L /fi6|kltsf ;fydf ljb]z ;lrj sf]lng kfpn, /fli6|o z'/Iff kl/ifb\sL 8f=
s08f]n]hf /fO;, d'Vo ;lrj PG8|' sf8{/ XjfO6 xfp;sf k|]; k|jQmf Pl/ km\n]r/ /xg'ePsf]
s'/f zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf; jfl;+6g 8L;Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL4f/f cd]l/sL /fi6|klt;Fu XjfO6xfp;df ul/Psf] of] klxnf]
e]6 ePsf] sf/0f b]pjfsf] cd]l/sL /fi6|klt;Fusf] e]6nfO{ g]kfnn] lgSs} dxTj lbb}+
cfPsf] lyof] .
lxh} k|wfgdGqL z]/ axfb'/ b]pjf Soflk6n lxn hfg'eO{ s+u|];Dofgx? h]D; 6L jfN;
tyf j]Ghfldg uLnDofgn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5nkmn sfo{qmddf efu lng'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm 5nkmn sfo{qmddf cd]l/sL s+u|];Dofgx?n] g]kfnsf] g]kfnsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs
tyf /fhgLlts ljifosf ;fy} ljleGg ljifodf lgSs} rf;f] /fv]/ cd]l/sL s+u|];Dofgx?n]
s'/fsfgL u/]sf] s'/f 5nkmndf ;xefuL csf{ k|ltlglw 8f= z+s/ zdf{n] o;k|ltglw;Fusf]
e]6df atfpg'eof] .
lxh} ;fFem k|wfgdGqL b]pjf tyf >LdtL 8f= cf/h" b]pjfsf] ;Ddfgdf zfxL
g]kfnL /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ff >LdtL /]0f' /f0ffn]n] cfof]hgf ug'{ePsf]
l/;]K;g ;df/f]xdf pxfFx?sf] pkl:yt /x]sf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfsf] /fi6|klt hh{ 8An' a';;Fusf] e]6 / Oh/fonL
k|wfgdGqL Pl/og z]/f]gsf] e]6 s]xL ;do cl3kl5 dfq ePsfn] ubf{ cd]l/sfsf ;Dk"0f{
k|];x?sf] Wofg Oh/fons} ljifodf s]Gb|Lt /x]sf] lyof] .
k|wfgdGqLn] cfh jfl;+6g 8L;L l:yt jO8|f]jON;g ;]G6/df æcft+sjfb;Fusf]
;+3if{df g]kfnsf] wf/0ffÆ ljifos Ps uf]i7Ldf af]Ng] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 eg]
cfh} lbpF;f] k|wfgdGqLn] :yfgLo g]kfnLx?;Fu e]63f6 kl5 ;fFem pxfF afnaflnsf;DaGwL
;+o'Qm /fi6";+3Lo a}7sdf efu lng Go"of]s{ k|:yfg ug'{x'g] 5 .
k|wfgdGqL b]pjf ;f]daf/ 8L;Ldf
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+6g 8L;L d] $
k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf d] ^ tfl/vsf lbg jfl;+6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'x'g] sfo{qmd
/x]sf] s'/f jfl;+6g 8L;Ll:yt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] hgfPsf] 5 .
k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] & tfl/vsf lbg cd]l/sL /fi6|klt hh{ 8An' a'; tyf :6]6 ;]qm]6/L
sf]lng kfjn;+u e]6\g'x'g] sfo{qmd 5 .
o;}u/L k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] * tfl/vsf lbg jfl;+6g 8L;Ll:yt pxfF a:g] xf]6n l/hsfN6gdf
cd]l/sfsf ljleGg pBf]u Joj;foLx?;+usf] e]63f6f sfo{qmd to ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL
lbg k'gM k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] :6]6 ;]qm]6/L sf]lng kfpn;+u e]6 ug]{'x'g] ePsf]
5 . k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] g]kfndf a9\b} u/]sf] dfcf]jfbL cft+ssf ljifodf p8|f] jON;g
OG6/g]zgn :sn/ ;]G6/df cfkm\gf ljrf/x? /fVg] sfo{qmd ;d]t to ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L ;f]xL lbg kf+r ah]b]lv 5 ah];Ddsf nflu #@$% jflK6;\ rr{ lUngsfln{g /f]8
kmN;rr{df jfl;+6g 8L;L j/k/ a:g] g]kfnLx?;+usf] e]63f6fsf] sfo{qmd /flvPsf]
s'/f klg zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;n] hgfPsf] 5 .
k|wfgdGqL b]pjf ;f]xL ;f+em Go"of]s{df x'g nfu]sf]] afnaflnsf ;DaGwL sfo{qmddf
efu lngsf nflu jfl;+6g 8L;Laf6 Go"of]s{sf nflu k|:yfg ug'{x'g]5 .
k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfsf ;fydf pxfFsL wd{kTgL 8f= cf/h' b]pjf, dlxnf, afnaflnsf
tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqL /fh]Gb| v/]n, 8f= k|sfzz/0f dxt, anb]j af]xf]/f, /fli6|o
of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= z+s/ zdf{, ;f+;bx? ;"o{k|;fb k|wfg, gf/fo0f l;+x
k'gM, xl/eQm clwsf/L, dx]Gb| ofbj dw's/, sfodd'sfod k//fi6| ;lrj dw'/d0f cfrfo{,
dlxnf afnjflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnossf ;x;lrj s[i0fk|;fb zdf{ e08f/L, d]h/
?sd8)t s6'\jfn, k//fi6| dGqfnosf ;x;lrj k':s/l;+x /fhe08f/L, k|wfgdGqLsf lghL
;lrj ;+emgf l;+x, kf]6f]{sn clkm;/ /fh]Gb| kf08] /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] z'/Ifftkm{af6
8LP;kL ef]uaxfb'/ yfkf / cg'k /f0ff x'g'x'G5 .
To;}u/L kqsf/x?df g]kfn 6]lnlehg / /]l8of] g]kfnsf tkm{af6 qmdzM ls/0f lrqsf/
tyf ab|L l;Ub]n pQm e|d0f 6f]nLdf ;lDdlnt x'g'x'G5 .
ptf pBf]ukltsf tkm{af6 g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sdz{sf cWoIf /jLeQm >]i7 x'g'x'G5
k|wfgdGqLsf] e|d0f bndf cd]l/sf cfpg] x'g'ePsf] 5 .
pQm e|d0f bndf ;lDdlnt w]/} ;b:ox?n] Go"of]s{sf] afnaflnsf ;DaGwL sfo{qmddf
dfq efu lng] 5g\ eg] To;dWo] s]xL ;b:ox?n] jfl;+6g 8L;Lsf] ;d]t e|d0f ug]{ sfo{qmd
/x]sf] 5 .
|
