;dfrf/ ;+If]k
clen]vfno
æcGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu cfGbf]ng ug'{ afx]s csf]{
ljsNk 5}g .Æ k|r08
jfl;+6g 8L;L, !@ cu:6, @))@
g]kfndf ;+;bLo lgjf{rg hlt hlt glhs cfpFb}5 Tolt Tolt g} dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfkm\gf]
;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfuk|lt k'/fg} c8fgk|lt cfkm"x? /x]sf] s'/f aflx/ NofO/x]sf
5g\ .
jt{dfg ;+s6sf] lgsfzsf nflu dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf k|r08n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]fjbL_
s} d'vkqsf ?kdf lrlgg] hg cfjfhnfO{ Ps cGt/jftf{ lbb}+ cufl8 eg]sf 5g\, æ;fFrf]
cy{df g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtf k|lt OdfGbf/ /x]/ lgsf; vf]Hg] xf] eg] ;a} /fhg}lts
bn, jf}l4s ;d'bfo / cfd hgtf ldn]/
;+s6sfnÚsf] tTsfn cGt, cGtl/d
;/sf/sf] u7g / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu cfGbf]ng ug'{ jfx]s csf]{ ljsNk
5}g . xfd|f] kf6L{n] nuftf/ To;sf nflu hf]8 ul//x]sf] 5 / k'/fgf] ;+ljwfgnfO{
sfuhsf] vf]i6fdf kl/0ft u/fO{ ;lsPsf] l:yltdf xfd|f] df+usf] cf}lrTo klg P]ltxfl;s
?kn] l;4 eO;s]sf] 5 .Æ
s'/fsfgLdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn pkm{ k|r08n]
jt{dfg g]kfn ;/sf/k|lt nlIft ub}{ cufl8 eg]sf 5g\, æcfkm\gf] slyt k|hftGqk|lt
yf]/} ljZjf; /x]sf] eP hg-;d'bfonfO{ ;+ljwfg-;efsf] lgjf{rg dfkm{t cfkm\gf]
efUosf] km};nf ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/f}+ eGg] xfd|f] hgjfbL dfusf lj?4 g]kfnL
hgtfsf xTof/f, ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbLx?nfO{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{ k|Zg} p7\b}gYof]
.Æ
To;}u/L dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] cfkm"x?n] rnfPsf] hg o'4nfO{ cd]l/sf,
j]nfot, ef/t, / rLgsf hg ;d'bfosf] ;d]t ;xof]u / ;dy{g /x]sf] atfPsf eP klg
o'4sf nflu s:tf] ;xof]u kfpFb} 5f}+ / slt hg ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u kfO/x]sf 5f}+
eGg] s'/f eg] cGt/jftf{sf qmddf k|i6 kfl/Psf] 5}g .
:ju{af;L /fhf jL/]Gb|nfO{ Pp6f /fi6|eQm /fhfsf ?kdf k|:t't ub}{ k|r08n] cfkm\gf]
cGt/jftf{sf] qmddf eg]sf 5g\, æ g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] cfhsf] ;RrfO{nfO{ a'em\g
;j{k|yd xfdL ut ;fnsf] eofgs b/jf/ xTofsf08nfO{ g} 7Ls 9+un] a'em\g' kb{5 .
Tof];+u ghf]l8 cfhsf] oyfy{nfO{ j:t'ut / j}1flgs 9+un] a'em\g} ;lsGg .Æ
æhgo'4sf ?kdf tLj|?kn] cufl8 a9]sf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljb|f]xnfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s
s'Nrg] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf gfOs]x?sf] rfxgf, ;Nnfx / ;'emfjsf
ljk/Lt tfTsflng /fhf jL/]Gb|n] cem pN6} hgo'4sf] zlQmnfO{ /fi6"jfbL zlQm
eGb} jftf{åf/f xn ug]{ pbf/jfbL wf/0ff /fv]s} sf/0f ;fd|fHojfbsf] ;Nnfx
/ of]hgf d'tflas 1fg]Gb| / kf/z zfxsf] k|ToIf kxndf jL/]Gb|sf] k"/} j+zgf;
ul/Psf]Æ cf/f]k k|r08n] nufPsf 5g\ .
xTofsf08sf ljifodf k|r08n] cufl8 eg]sf 5g\, æcfw'lgs g]kfnsf] ;xh /fhg}lts
ljsf;sf] k|ls|ofdf Tof] xTofsf08 ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfb / ;fd|fHojfbL ;fF7ufF7df
ul/Psf] Pp6f 7"nf] k|ltudgsf/L ;}lgs
s"
lyof] . o;sf k5fl8sf]
k|d'v p2]Zo g} hgtfsf] a9\bf] s|flGtsf/L ljb|f]xnfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s s'Nrg'
lyof] .Æ
To;}u/L bf8) Jof/]s xdnfsf af/]df k|r08 cufl8 eG5g\, æTo;sf nflu r/0fj4
?kn] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ if8oGqd"ns of]hgf cGtu{t g} z]/axfb'/ b]pjf gfdsf]
jkmfbf/ s's'/nfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] s';L{df /flvof], jftf{sf] gf6s ul/of] . olb jftf{
gf6s lyPg eg] xfdLn] cToGt nlrnf] ag]/ Pskl5 csf]{ ljsNk k|:t't ubf{ klg ;/sf/n]
Pp6f klg ljsNk lsg k|:t't u/]g / jftf{ cjlw leq} b]zAofkL ?kdf zfxL ;]gf lsg
kl/rfng ul/of] < klZrdf~rndf cfsl:ds xdnf ug]{ /0fgLlt cGtu{t cTofw'lgs xltof/sf]
e08f/ bf8)df y'kfl/of], u0ftGqsf] dfunfO{ jftf{sf] 6]a'naf6 :ylut u/]/ ;+ljwfg
;efsf] r'gfjåf/f ;d:ofsf] xn ug]{ xfd|f] clGtd k|:tfjsf] ;d]t k"/}
a]jf:tf u/L ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 lgof]lht 9+un] em'§f] k|rf/sf] jf9L nufOof],
hgtfsf] zflGtk"0f{ cfd ;efx?dfly k|ltaGw nufOof] cflb . Tof] l:yltdf $*
306fsf] ;do lbP/ xfdLn] jftf{sf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ubf{ klg ;/sf/n]
;sf/fTds s'g} k|To'Q/ lbg'sf] ;§f ;a}lt/ ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ;ts{ u/fOPsf] pb\3f]if
u¥of] . kmf}hL b[li6n] o; k|sf/sf] kl/j]zdf bf8)sf] Jof/]s sAhf gug]{ xf]
eg] hgo'4 / hg-;d'bfon] ck|Tofl;t ?kdf 7'nf] k/fho ef]Ug' kg]{ lglZrt lyof]
. ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] u7aGwgdf cfwfl/t pk/f]Qm if8oGq a'em]/ g} kxnsbdL
hgtf / hgo'4sf] xftaf6 km'Tsg glbg] /0fg}lts b[li6n] k|f/Ded} bf8)sf] Aof/]s
sAhf ul/Psf] xf] . b'Zdg / cj;/jfbLsf tdfd em'§f, e|fds / pQ]hgfTds k|rf/jfhLsf
jfjh'b bf8) sf/jfxL b'Zdgsf lj?4 Pp6f ;kmn, ;xL / ;fxl;s sfo{jfxL lyof] h;sf]
kl/0ffd cfh;Dd klg b'Zdgn] xfd|f] d'Vo zlQm -kmf}hL_ ;+u 6fpsf] p7fP/ x]g{ ;d]t
;s]sf] 5}g . s|flGtsf] lgodaf/] yf]/} klg hfgsf/L /fVg] b'lgofFsf] s'g} klg
dflg;n] To;sf] P]ltxfl;s dxTjnfO{ cjd"Nog ug]{ 5}g .
cfkm\gf] kf6L{af6 ePsf] sdLsdhf]/Lsf af/]df clnslt k|r08n] cufl8 eg]sf 5g\,,
æhxfF;Dd kl5Nnf] kfFr lbg] æg]kfn aGbÆsf s|ddf eP ul/Psf tf]8kmf]8sf
s[ofsnfkx? 5g\, To;df sltko sdL, sdhf]/L cjZo b]vf k/]sf 5g\ / To;nfO{ ;Rofpg]
k|ls|of klg cufl8 al9;s]sf] 5 . t/, ;du|df ;fdGtLx?sf] sAhfdf /x]sf] zfxL ;]gfn]
dRofPsf] lgbf]{if / lgxTof hgtf Pj+ /fhg}lts sfo{stf{x?sf] g/;+xf/, n"6kf6
/ cft+s tyf ;/sf/L k|rf/oGqsf] 3[l0ft / em'§f k|rf/jfhLsf lj?4 hgtfsf]
3[0ff, cfs|f]z / ljb|f]xsf] cleJolQmsf ?kdf To; k|sf/sf tf]8kmf]8x? ePsf 5g\
eGg] s'/f a'em\g' ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ 5 . To;n] hgo'4 k|To]s lhNnf / k|To]s
ufpFdf ;zQm?kdf ljwdfg /x]sf] oyfy{nfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] tYonfO{ la;{g ;lsGg .Æ
eGb} k|r08n] cfkm"x? s'g} xfntdf klg cfTd;dk{0f ug{ tof/ lyPgf}+, 5}gf}
/ x'g] 5}gf} eg]/ pQm cGt/jftf{df pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
;+s6sfn nfu]otf cfP/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] cfkm\gf] 7"nf] Iflt efUg'kl//x]sf] s'/fdf
k|r08n] ækmf}hL b[li6n] x]bf{ zfxL ;]gf / ;z:q k|x/Ln] g} cfw'lgs xft
xltof/ 7"nf] ;+Vof u'dfpg' k/]sf] s'/f jftf{df pNn]v 5 .
k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfn] u/fpg nfu]sf] dWofjlwsf af/]df k|r08 eG5g\, æ
xfd|f] ljrf/df of] b/jf/ xTofsf08sf k5fl8 /x]sf] lgof]lht if8oGqs} kl5Nnf] s8L
xf] . s'g} klg ;+ljwfg, lgod, sfg"g,d"No-dfGotfsf b[li6n] z]/axfb'/
b]pjf k|wfgdGqL g} xf]Og . l;+uf] b]z, ;+;b / ;Qfwf/L kf6L{ ;d]t Æ;+s6sfnÆ
sf] lj/f]wdf v8f ePsf] tyf kf6L{n] b]pjfnfO{ lgnDjg ul/;s]sf] l:yltdf st}af6
klg z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL /lx/xg] / ;+;b lj36g ug]{ clwsf/ lyPg . t/,
h+unL/fh rnfpg]x?sf nflu ;+ljwfg, lgod, sfg"g, d"No / g}ltstf eGg]
s'/f g} sxf+ x'G5 / < ;f]emf] s'/f olQ xf] ls clxn] z]/ axfb'/ b]pjf ;+;bLo
k|wfgdGqL, geP/ ;fdGtL b/jf/sf] r'Tyf] gf]s/ dfq xf] .Æ l5d]sL d'n's ef/t;Fusf
;DaGwdf dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ cem} ef/tsf] z/0f rflxg] ePsfn] /fd|f];Fu k|r08n] g/d
efiffdf eg]sf 5g\, . æxfdLn] b'O{ b]zsf] ;DaGwnfO{ u0ftflGqs gofF cfwf/df
;+:yfut ug]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbO/x]sf] k[i7e"lddf ef/t ;/sf/sf clxn]sf
ultljlwx?n] lgZro g} :jo+ ef/tnfO{ g} cK7]/f] kfg]{5 . xfdL cem} klg ef/t ;/sf/n]
o; k|sf/sf x:tIf]ksf/L ultljlw cljnDj aGb u/L u0ftflGqs cfwf/df gofF ;DaGw sfod
ug{ Wofg b]cf]; eGg] rfxG5f}}+ . ;+ljwfg ;ef, u0ftGqsf lgldQ ;+3if{ ul//x]sf
g]kfnL hgtfb]lv ef/t olt w]/} t;{g' kg]{ sf/0f xfdLn] a'em]sf 5}gf}+ .Æ
dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx?;Fu e]6]sf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf / g]skf -Pdfn]_sf
dxf;lrjnfO{ sf/jfxLsf] ug]{ ;/sf/sf] s'/fk|lt ædfcf]jfbL;+u ;fF7ufF7 u/]s}
e/df k|wfgdGqL aGg k'u]sf] z]/axfb'/n] o:tf] k|rf/ ug'{eGbf 3[l0ft, xf:of:kb
/ nHhfhgs ljifo c? s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g .Æ eGb} k|r08 cufl8 eG5g\, ædfcf]jfbL;+u
;DaGw gug]{ clxn] g]kfndf s'g} /fhg}lts bn gePsf] dfq xf]Og, :jo+ 1fg]Gb| zfx
/ kf/z zfx klg To;af6 cnu 5}gg\ . clxNo} ;a}s'/f vf]Ng xfdL cfjZos 7fGbgf}+
. olb ;fFRr} sfo{sfxL ug]{ xf] eg] ;a}eGbf klxnf z]/ axfb'/ b]pjf, v'd axfb'/
v8\sf, 1fg]Gb| zfx, kf/z zfx cflbnfO{ ug'{ kb{5 . s';L{af6 unxTofOg] ljlQs}
z]/ axfb'/ b]pjf sxf+ cfO{ k'U5 eGg] klg xfdLnfO{ /fd|f];+u yfxf 5 .Æ
k|r08n] cfkm\gf] cGt/jftf{sf] qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf
af/]df eg]sf 5g\ æljutsf y'k|} gsf/fTdtfsf jfjfh'b lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnfn]
)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx?sf] /Iffsf lgldQ lnPsf] c8fgnfO{ ;sf/fTds
dfGg' kb{5 .Æ
jftf{sf qmddf cd]l/sfnfO{ ;s];Dd ufnL ub}{ cft+sjfbL hGdfpg] klg cd]l/sf g}
xf] eGb} cft+sjfb lj/f]wL cleofgsf gfddf cd]l/sfn] t];|f] ljZjsf hgtfdfly n'6
/ g/;+xf/ dRrfPsf] cf/f]k k|r08n] nufPsf 5g\ .
-gf]6M xfd|f g]kfnL kf7sx?sf nflu dfcf]jfbLsf s'/fx? klg hfGg] plQs} clwsf/ 5 eGg] nfu]/ xfdLn] of] cGt/jftf{sf s]xL c+z k|sflzt u/]sf xf}+ . g]kfndf clxn] z+s6sfn nfu" ePsf sf/0f pgLx?sf ljrf/ k|sflzt ug]{ kqsf/x?nfO{ dfq x}g ;Dk"0f{ kqsf/ hutnfO{ g} ;/sf/n] lgb{oL 9+un] b'Mv lbO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df kf7sx?sf nflu of] ;dfrf/ ;do ;fGble{s xf]nf eGg] nfu]/ oxfFx? ;dIf k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ . ;Dkfbs_
jfl;+u6g] g]kfnL cleefjsnfO{ g]kfnL efiffsf] lrGtf
lu/Lz kf]v/]n
jfl;+6g 8L;L, cui6 !!, @))@
jfl;+6g 8L;L j/k/ a:g] g]kfnLx?n] cfkm\gf 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] g]kfnL efiffdf /fd|f]
bVvn /fv'g\ eGg] p2]Zon] 8L;L d]6|]fkf]ln6g If]qdf g]kfnL efiffsf] sIff ;~rfng
ug]{ sfo{qmd to ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
cGt/f{li6|o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, jfl;+6g 8L;Lsf] tTjfjwfgdf z'? x'g nfu]sf] pQm
g]kfnL efiff sIff ;~rfng u/fpg] sld6Lsf] cWoIfdf 8f= cg'k kxf8L /xg'ePsf] 5
.
To;}u/L g]kfnL efiff ;~rfng u/fpgdf jfl;+6g 8L;L j/k/sf g]kfnL afa'cfdfx? /
s]xL cd]l/sgx?n] ;d]t lgSs} rfv /fv]sf] s'/f g]kfnL efiff sIff ;~rfng u/fpg'k5{
eGb} cfpg'ePsf cg];f;sf cWoIf k'? ;'j]bLn g]kfnLkf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf
atfpg'eof] .
s]6fs]6Lsf nflu g]kfnL efiff l;sfpg] eGg] of] gofF ljrf/ eg] x}g / o;df w]/}
;do vr{ eO;s]sf] atfpg'x'g] ;ldltsf cWoIf 8f= cg'k kxf8L eGg'x'G5, of] xfd|f]
k'gM k|of; xf] .
efiff g} ghfg]kl5 efiffkl5 /x]sf] ;Eotf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ a'emfpg cem uf/f] x'g]
x'gfn] klg xfd|f] g]kfnL ;Eotfsf] ;fFrf] s]6fs]6LnfO{ lbg'kg]{ ljrf/ 8f= kxf8Lsf]
/x]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL efiff k9fpgsf nflu klxn] t s]6fs]6Lx?s} dg lhTg ;Sg'kg]{ x'gfn] s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{
efiff l;sfpg] gfddf g/fd|f] 5fk gk/f];\ eg]/ xfdL cleefjsx? ldn]/ g]kfnL kf7\oqmd
agfpg]b]lv lnP/ k9fpg] :yfg / ;|f]tsf] nflu clxn] u[xsfo{ ug{df h'6]sf] s'/f
klg 8f= kxf8Ln] g]kfnLkf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'eof] .
g]kfnLjfbx?n] g]kfnL efiff dg k/fpFb}df s]6fs]6Lx?n] g]kfnL l;S5g\ eGg] 5}g
To;}n] o;k|lt s]6fs]6LnfO{ rfv Nofpgsf nflu ToxL cg';f/n] g]kfnL l;sfpg] / g]kfnL
efiffsf ;fy} ;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnsf] hghfltb]lv lnP/ ;a} If]qsf af/]df s]6fs]6LnfO{
l;sfpg ;s]df eljZodf cfkm\gf] k"vf{sf] b]z hfFbf klg g]kfnL s]6fs]6Lx?n]
cfkm}+ g]kfn hfGg ;s'g\ eGg] cleefjsx?sf] rfxgf kfOPsf] s'/f 8f= kxf8Lsf] 5
.
To;f] t cfkm\gf] kl/jf/n] cfkm\gf s]6fs]6LnfO{ g]kfnL efiff l;sfpF5' eGbfdfq
s]xL gnfUg] /x]sf] kL8f cfkm}+n] ef]Ug'kl//x]sf] atfpg'x'g] b'O{ 5f]/Lsf afa'
8f= kxf8L s]6fs]6LnfO{ klg ;+ul7t ?kaf6} g]kfnL efiff l;sfpg'kg]{ atfpg'x'G5
.
8f= kxf8L eGg'x'G5, s]6fs]6Ln] rf/ kfFr j6f efiff t cfhef]ln g]kfnd} l;Sg yfln;s]sf]
5g\ eg] xfdLn] xfd|f s]6fs]6LnfO{ ;+ul7t ?kdf n}hfg] xf] eg] g]kfnL efiff l;sfpg
Tolt uf/f] eg] gknf{ eGg] cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf] s'/f 8f= kxf8Lsf] /x]sf] 5
.
xfdL g]kfnLn] cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ dfq x}g c?nfO{ klg g]kfnL efiff l;sfpgsf
nflu g]kfnL efiffsf] sIff ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf w]/} klxn]b]lv b]v]sf] atfpg'x'g]
clDasf u'?8) cg];f;sf] cu|;/tfdf z'? x'g nfu]sf] of] sbdnfO{ ;a}n] ldn]/ ;kmn
kfg'{kg]{ pxfFsf] klg ljrf/ /x]sf] 5 .
clDasf u'?8) cfkm" :jo\ klg cfkmg} 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] k9\g] :s'ndf ;ftfsf] b'O{
lbg :jo\d;]js eP/ sfd u/]sfn] klg pxfFnfO{ g]kfnL efiff klg g]kfnL s]6fs]6LnfO{
cd]l/sL tl/sfaf6} s]6fs]6Lx?n] v]Nbf v]Nb} l;sfpg ;S5f}+ eGg] k"0f{ ljZjf;
/x]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sfdf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ k9fpg] ;fdfu|Lx? k|z:t ePsfn] ubf{ klg g]kfnL efiff
l;sfpg s'g} uf/f] gx'g] atfpFb} u'?8) cufl8 eGg'x'G5, æbz hgf cleefjs
eof}+ eg] xfdLn] %) hgf eGbf a9L aRrfnfO{ g]kfnL l;sfpg ;lsg] ePsfn] of] cleofgnfO{
;a}sf] ;xof]u / ;b\efjgf rflxG5 .Æ
To;f] t xfdLn] xfd|f aRrfx?nfO{ cfpFbf] :s'nsf] jif]{ ljbf -;d/ Eofs]zg_ df
k"/} g]kfnL sIff efiff k9fpgs} lglDt ;do vlr{g ;lsg] x'gfn] klg s]6fs]6Lx?sf
nflu g]kfnL efiffdfq l;Sg] x}g g]kfn / g]kfnsf] a:t'l:yltsf af/]df klg xfdLn]
/fd|};Fu 1fg lbg ;lsg] s'/f clDasf u'?8)sf] /x]sf] 5 .
8f= kxf8Lsf] cWoIftfdf v8f ePsf] pQm sld6Ldf tTsfnsf nflu k|]d ;+u|f}nf, 8f=
u'0f/fh ;'j]bL, k'? ;'j]bL, k|]d yfkf, 8LjL tfdf8) / SofyL :6fOg /xg'ePsf] 5
eg] cGo sfdsf] ljefhg ub}{ cGo ;b:ox? klg kl5 yKb} hfg] s'/f 8f= kxf8Ln] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{
atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6|o ;flxTo ;dfh, jfl;+u6 8L;Lsf] cfu|xdf jfl;+6g] g]kfnL cleefjsx?n]
z'? ug{ nfu]sf] of] s]6fs]6Lsf nflu g]kfnL efiff sIffsf] z'?jft cd]l/sfsf cGo
efudf a:g] g]kfnL ;d'bfosf nflu klg plQs} sfd nfUg] b]lvG5 .
ljZjsf ljleGg s'gfdf a:g] g]kfnL cleefjsx?sf nflu klg of] cleofg sfd nfUg] ePsfn]
;a}sf nflu x'g] lsl;dn] g]kfnL kf7\oqmd tof/ ug{sf nflu jfl;+6g] g]kfnLx?n]
/fd|};Fu ldlxg]t ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
6]S;f;df g]kfnLdfly uf]nL k|xf/
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+6g 8L;L, cu:6 #, @))@
6]S;f; /fHosf] kmf]y{jy{ l:yt Ps :6f]/df sfd ug]{ cgLn u'?8) gfd u/]sf g]kfnL
Ps sfn]sf] uf]nL k|xf/af6 lrGtfhgs cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .
ut z'qmaf/ /flt :6f]/ aGb ug'{cl3 g} afy?ddf n's]/ a;]sf] sfn]n] :6f]/ aGb ul/;s]kl5
lbge/ k;nsf] vl/b laqmLsf] lx;fj ug{ nfUbf PSsf;L /lh:6/df cfO u'?8)nfO{ uf]nL
k|xf/ u/]sf] / klxnf] uf]nL u'?8)sf] k]6df nfu]sf] s'/f 6]S;f; l:yt xfd|f ;xsdL{
eLd sfsL{n] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
sfn]n] u'?8)dfly tLg uf]nL k|xf/ ul/;s]kl5 u'?8) klg sfn]dfly le8]sf] / sfn];Fu
ePsf] tLg uf]nLdWo] b'O{ uf]nL u'?8)nfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] . sfn];Fu ePsf] tLg uf]nL
;lsPkl5 sfn]n] k'gM kmnfdsf] /8n] u'?8)dfly k|xf/ u/]kl5 u'?8) d/\of] eGg] 7fg]kl5
sfn] :6f]/sf] 8|fOey|'sf] 9f]sf kmf]8]/ aflx/ lg:s]/ efu]kZrft\ u'?8)n] (!!
df km]fg u/]sf] kl5 k|x/L cfO lgh u'?8)nfO{ :yfgLo x]l/; d]yf]l8;\ xl:k6ndf
k'/\ofPsf] lyof] .
3fOt] u'?8) xl:k6n k'/\ofPkl5 a]xf]; eP klg xfn eg] lghnfO{ nfu]sf] uf]nL lgsflnPsf]
/ u'?8)sf] Hofg vt/fd'Qm eP klg pgnfO{ tGb'?:t x'g jf pgsf] cfpFbf] lbg s:tf]
x'g] xf] eg]/ clxNo} s]xL eGg g;lsg] cj:yf /x]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 .
sfn]n] k|of]u u/]sf] aGb's :6f]/leq} 5f8]/ sfn] efu]sf] / le8Gt kl5 sfn]n] k};f
;d]t gnu]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 .
u'?8)sf] g]kfndf 3/ hfjnfv]n l:yt PsfGts'gfdf /x]sf] / lgh u'?8) sfd ug]{ :6f]/
g]kfnLn] g} ef8fdf lnP/ rnfpFb} cfPsf] s'/f yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] u'?8)dfly
cfqmd0f ug]{ sfn]nfO{ xfn;Dd kqmfp ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 .
P6nfG6fdf csf]{ g]kfnL e]nf
g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+6g 8L;L, cu:6 #, @))@
g]kflnh\ P;f]l;P;g Og ;fpyOi6 cd]l/sfn] P6nfG6f, hlh{ofdf cu:6 #! b]lv ;]K6]Da/
$ ;Dd Ps ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
pQm ;Dd]ngsf] d'Vo gf/f eg] æcfkm\gf] hu b/f] agfcf}+Æ /flvPsf]
5 .
cd]l/sfsf] n]j/ 8]sf] ljbf kf/]/ ug{ nfluPsf] pQm ;Dd]ng /lh:6|]zg z'Ns jgnfOgaf6}
u/]df $% 8n/ / ;Dd]ng:yndf k'u]/ u/]df %) 8n/ /flvPsf] 5 eg] pQm /lh:6|]zg cGt/ut
lbk >]i7sf] sfo{qmd afx]s cGo /flqsf] ef]hg ljxfgsf] vfhf / lbpF;f]sf] ef]hg
;d]tsf] Joj:yfsf ;fy} Ps jif{sf nflu ;+:yfsf] ;b:otf klg /lh:6|]zg z'Nsdf ;dfa];
ul/Psf] 5 .
pQm ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnaf6 ut h'nfO{df 8L;L ;Dd]ngdf cfPsf] Jof08 !(&$ P8L /
bLk >]i7n] klg ;Dd]ngsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .
;Dd]ngdf zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf; jfl;+6g 8L;Laf6 dxfdlxd /fhb"t hok|tfk
/f0ff tyf /fi6|;+3sf nflu g]kfnsf :yfoL k|ltlglw d'/f/L /fh zdf{sf] pkl:ylt
/xg] ePsf] 5 .
;Dd]ngsf cj;/df g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf af/]df, g]kfnn] cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{
lbg yfn]sf] bz jif]{ le;fsf ;DaGwdf sfo{zfnf uf]i7L /flvPsf] 5 To;}u/L o'jfx?sf
nflu 5'6\6} uf]i7L 5 eg] k"jL{o wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf af/]df / cd]l/sfdf g]kfnLx?
s;/L Jofkf/ Joj;fodf ;kmntf kfpg] eGg]af/]df ;d]t uf]i7L x'g] ePsf] 5 eg] pQm
;dodf km"6jn v]n ;d]t /flvPsf] 5 .
x/]s jif{ n]j/ 8]sf] nfdf] ljbfsf] cj;/ kf/]/ ul/b} cfPsf] pQm ;Dd]ngn]sf] d'Vo
p2]Zo klg cd]l/sfdf cfkm\gf] snf / ;+:s[ltnfO{ kl/lrt u/fpFb} n}hfg'sf g]kfn
/ g]kfnLsf nflu s;/L ;xof]uj[l4 u/fpFb} n}hfg ;lsG5 eGg] /x]sf] 5 .
;g\ !(() df :yfkgf ePsf] pQm ;+:yfn] k"jL{ g]kfnsf] ;f]n'v'Da' l:yt Ps
:s'n :yfkgfsf nflu ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
;+:yfn] ljleGg ;dodf P6nfG6f j/k/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?aLr bz}+ ef]h, cd]l/sg /]8qmzsf
nflu /Qm bfg nufotsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;d]t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
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