;dfrf/ ;+If]k   clen]vfno

hh{d]zgdf g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;ª6g, gf]e]Da/ !!, @))@

g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7g g]klnh\ :6'8]06 P;f]l;P;g, hh{d]zg o'lgel;{6Lsf] @))@ b]lv @))# sf nflu gof+ kbflwsf/Lx?sf] rog ePsf] s'/f lgjt{dfg ;efklt k'? ;'j]bLn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 .
pQm ;+u7gsf] ;efkltdf sNkgf ;Tofn /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] pk;efklt, ;lrj / sf]iffWoIfdf qmdzM k|1f l;6f}nf, ljho /]UdL / bof cfrfo{ x'g'x'G5 . To;}u/L cGo kbflwsf/Lx?df lbks e6\6, hoGb| n'O+6]n / kmfxb sldn /xg'ePsf] 5 .
pQm ;+u7gsf] ;Nnfxfsf/df /d]z kGt, k'? ;'j]bL tyf hLjg lu/L /xg'ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnL z'/IffsdL{nfO{ cd]l/sL4f/f tflnd

lg/~hgdfg l;+x /]UdL
Go"d]lS;sf], gf]e]Da/, !!, @))@

cft+safb la?4sf] ;xof]u cGt/ut cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf ;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ Go' d]lS;sf] /fHosf] ;f]sf]/f]l:yt Go' d]lS;sf] 6]sdf kfFr xKt] u|fdL0f ;Ldf ul:t tflnd k|bfg u/\of] .
ut gf]e]Da/ ! df ;DkGg pSt tflnddf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf nufot g]kfn k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/L u/L laleGg bhf{sf @$ hgf clws[tx? ;+lDdlnt lyP .

Jffl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf ;d]t b]p;L

8Da? clwsf/L
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, gf]e]Da/ &, @))@

;ft ;d'b| kf/L uP klg cfkgf] ;+:s"ltsf] klxrfg sfod /fVg g]kfnLx? Kl5 kb}{gg eGg] s'/f elh{lgofl:yt cfln{ª6gsf] l5d]sL ufp+n] @)%( ;fnsf] ltxf/df b]p;L sfo{s|dsf] cfof]hgf u/L ;fljt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnL ;+:s"lt tyf rf8af8 dWo] g]kfnLx?sf] b"O{ dxfg kj{ bz}+ / ltxf/df 3/af6 lab]lzP kl5 eO{ /x]sf] vNnf] kgfnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd eP klg /fxt lbgsf nflu eg]/ jfl;8=6g 8L=;L= l:yt cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO{6Ln] bz}+ / ltxf/sf] aLrdf kf/L bz}+ ltxf/ d]nfsf] cfof]hgf @)%* b]lv g} ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 eg] l5d]sL ufp+n] o; aif{b]lv ltxf/df b]p;L v]Ng] sfo{s|d /fvL s]xL xb;Dd eP klg ;f+:s"lts /fxt k|bfg ug{ z'? u/sf] 5 .

pQm b]p;L sfo{s|d ;+oSt /fHo cd]l/sfsf nflu dxfdlxd /fhb"t ho k|tfk /f0ffsf] lgjf;af6 gf]e]Da/ @ tfl/ssf lbg z'? u/]/ # tfl/s a]n'sf ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] . o; b]p;L sfo{qmsf] /f]rs kIf s] klg /x\of] eg] pQm b]p;Ldf # jif{sf s]6fs]6L b]lv lnP/ &) aif{ ;Ddsf j[4f ;Ddn] efu lnPsf lyP .

To; dWo] sltkosf] of] klxnf] b]p;L ;d]t lyof] . o;sf] csf]{ cfsif{0f kIfdf @ gf]e]Da/sf] b]p;Ldf cd]l/sL gful/s xf+; :j/n] ;d]t g]kfnL ;+uLtdf g[To ubf{ cem /f}gstf ylkPsf] lyof] . vf; u/]/ cfkm\gf] ;+:s[ltsf] klxrfg sfod /fVg / klZrdf ;+:s[ltdf x'ls{/x]sf cfkm\gf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ b]p;L r6\gLsf] ?kdf r6fpg' klg sfo{s|dsf] csf]{ kIf lyof] .

b]p;Lsf] sfo{s|daf6 ;+sng ePsf] /sd ;fdflhs sfo{s|ddf nufpg] s'/f l5d]sL ufp+ tyf b]p;L sfo{s|dsf ;+of]hs k|]d ;+u|f}nfn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

k|d rGb rf"8} r'gfj u/fpg] kIfdf

u'0f/fh n'O6]n
)% gf]e]Da/, @))@

sf7df8f}+ . k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGbn] ;j} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] o; lbg r'gfj u/fpg ;lsG5 eg]/ cfkm"nfO{ ;j{;Ddt ?kdf eg]kl5 cfkm"n] ;f]xL ldltdf r'gfj u/fpg] ;f]rfO agfPsf] t/ kf6L{x?n] c;xof]u ug]{ xf] eg] klg ;/sf/n] rf"8} g} r'gfjsf] ldlt tf]Sg tTk/ /x]sf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
k|wfgdGqL rGbn] g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sd / ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehgsf] nflu pQm 6]lnlehgsf ;+rfns /fdrGb| v/]n / kqsf/ u'0f/fh n'O6]nnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgjf; afn'jf6f/df zlgjf/ cGtjf{tf{ lbg' x'"b} pQm s'/f atfpg' ePsf] xf] .
pQm cj;/df k|d rGbn] slxn] ;Dddf r'gfj u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg] k|i6 kfg'{ ePg . pxf"n] klxnf :yfgLo r'gfj ug]{ ls k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ eGg] ljifodf cfkm" lg0f{odf k'Ug g;s]sf] hfgsf/L u/fp"b} yKg' eof]-;s];Dd d ;j} kf6L{sf] ;xof]u h'6fp5' t/ ;Dej ePg eg] klg >L % af6 cfb]z hf/L ePsf kf"r a'"bfnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg] ;Gbe{df d r'gfjsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff ug{ afWo x'g] 5' .
tkfOsf] ;/sf/df cGo /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] ;xeflutf x'g] ;Defjgf 5 ls 5}g eGG] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf pxf"n] eGg' eof]- d]/f] ;/sf/ aGg] ljlQs} g]kfndf a8f bz}+n] 5f]Kof], clxn] ltxf/n] 5f]k]sf] 5 ltxf/ kl5 s]xL lbg d kxn u5'{, pxfFx?nfO{ ;Demfpg] sf]lz; u5'{ To; kl5 klg pxf"x? cfkm\gf] ln+8] 9LkLdf /xg' eof] eg] d dGqL d08n lj:tf/ ug{ / r'gfjsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff ug{ afWo x'g] 5' .
cGo kf6L{sf] ;xof]u ljgf tkfO{n] >L % af6 aS; ePsf r'gfj u/fpg], zflGt ;'/Iffsf] jxfnL ug]{, e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{, ;';f;g lbg] h:tf sfo{x? PSn} k"/f ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 t < eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf cfkm"nfO{ >L % af6 ;'lDkPsf ;j} sfo{ k"/f ug{ cfkm" tof/ /x]sf] atfpb} xfnsf] kl/l:ylt Nofpgdf ;j} kf6L{x? g} lhDd]jf/ ePsf] x'"bf ;j} /fhgLlts bnx?n] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg' kg]{ / ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f s]nfP/ a:g gx'g] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ eof] . >L % af6 rfln aS;]sf] sbd k"0f{tM ;+j}wflgs /x]sf]n] cj ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@* cg';f/sf] ;/sf/ agfpg] s'/f ug'{ 7Ls xf]Og eGg' eof] .
g]kfndf xfn ax'bnLo k|hftGq / gful/s clwsf/sf] ckx/0f x'g} s'g} klg 36gf gePsf] / eljiodf klg gx'g] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ x'"b} pxf"n] o; l:yltdf cfkm"nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ cd]l/sfaf;L g]kfnLx? / cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] ;sf/fTds ;xof]usf] cfjZostf /x]sf] jtfpg' eof] . pxfn] >L % af6 cfkm"nfO{ lbPsf lhDd]bf/LnfO{ k"/f ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;j} sfo{ geP klg o;sf] hu agfP/ dfq cfkm"n] ;Qf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ s'/f atfpb} To; kl5 tL sfo{x?nfO{ kl5 lgjf{lrt eP/ cfpg] ;/sf/n] hf/L /fVg ;Sg' kb{5 . o;} ;Gbe{df e|i6frf/Lx?nfO{ h]n xfNg] sfd eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' x'b} rGbn] clxn] klg e|i6fr/Lx?sf] hfnf] JofKt /x]sf]n] ;j} clwsf/L cfkm\gf] kIfdf cfOg;s]sf] / k|;f;goGqnfO{ ;/sf/ / hgtfsf] cfb]z dfGg] :yfgdf NofP/ d 5f]8\b5' eGg' eof] .
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/ ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqs} kIfdf /xL aS;]sf] s'/fdf cfZj:t kfg'{ x'"b} pxf"n] t/ b]zdf AofKt czflGt, xTof, lx+;f, u/LjL / cg';f;gxLgtfsf] cGTosf] nflu s]xL ug'{ g} kg]{ ePsf] 5 / o; lbzfdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] OR5f adf]lhd h:tf] ;'s} sbd rfNg klg cfkm" tTk/ /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . ;s];Dd dfcf]jfbLx?;"u jftf{ ;kmn agfpg cfkm" b[9 /x]sf], o;df xfn;Dd pgLx?n] s8f lj/f]w gu/]sf] x'"bf dfcf]jfbLx? klg ;d:of cGTo ug{ tof/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] / jftf{sf s]xL k|f/lDes sfo{x? x'g yfln;s]sf] s'/f klg k|d rGbn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
pxf"n] ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehg, g]kfnLkf]i6 86 sd / g]kfnxf]/fOhg 86 sdn] cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfnnfO{ lrgfpg ub} cfPsf] sfo{sf] k|;+;f klg ug'{ eof] .

6f]/f]G6sf g]kfnLn] klg bz}+df afhfufhf ahfP

g]kfnLkf]i6 ;+jfbbftf
gf]e]Da/ )%, @))@

æg]lKnh\ Sofg]l8og sDo'lg6L ;le{;];Æ Pg;L;LP; gfdsf] ;+:yfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ut cS6f]a/ !@ tfl/vsf lbg ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf ;fy Sofgf8fsf] 6f]/f]G6f]df a:g] g]kfnLx?n] bz}+ dgfPsf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf snfsf/ z}n]Gb| l;Dv8fsf] ljz]if pkl:yltdf lkmNd lgb]{zs cleg]tf xl/ lzjfsf]6Lsf] sDkf]hdf :jfut ufgaf6 z'? ePsf] pQm ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmddf :yfgLo :jo+d kf]v/]n, :j]Iff kf]v/]n, ;'htf kf]v/]n, s]jn k|wfg, :d[lt a/fn, jiff{ jdf{, d]l/uf]N8 e08f/L, ljdfg, ?dL, hd'gf u'?ª dfgsfhL >]i7, ljwfg jdf{ nufotsf snfsf/x?n] cfkm\gf] ufog tyf g[To k|bz{g u/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmd Pg;L;LPg gfds ;+:yfsf] gofF sfo{;ldltn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . gofF ;ldltdf cWoIf Zofd dxf]qf, pkfWoIf, uf}/L u'?ª, ;lrj s]bf/ a:g]t, sf]iffWoIf chg u}/] / ;b:ox?df ljZj adf{, k|lbknfn >]i7, s[i0f uf}8]n, Zofd vqL / ljgf >]i7 /xg'ePsf] 5 .
of] ;+:yf 6f]/f]G6df /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] lqmofzLn ;+:yfsf ?kdf lrlgG5 . oxL ;+:yfsf] cfof]hgfdf cfpFbf] @))# sf] h'g !* tfl/vsf lbg g]kfn Sofgf8f 8] dgfpg] ePsf] s'/f pQm ;+:yfsf ;lrj s]bf/ a:g]tn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

bz}+ ltxf/ d]nf ;DkGg

ho 5fË5f
Jffl;ª6g 8L=;L=, cS6f]j/ @#, @))@

cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf oxL cS6f]j/ @), sf lbg elh{lgof /fHosf] 8g nf]l/g ef]nl06o/ kmfo/ P08 /]:s' l8kf6{d]06 xndf bz} tyf ltxf/ d]nf sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .

pQm sfo{qmddf kl08t >Lw/ 1jfnLn] bz}+sf] dxTj af/] k|sfz kfg'{ eO{ d]nfdf kfNg' ePsf cfuGt'sx?nfO{ 6Lsf tyf hd/f nufOlbg'ePsf] lyof] .

cd]l/sfsf nflu g]kfn clw/fHosf zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t dxfdlxd hok|tfk /f0ffn] bz}+ d]nfsf] cf}krfl/s z'ef/De ub}{ bz}+ ltxf/ d]nfsf] cfof]hgf u/]/ k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]kfn ;+emfpg] sfo{ u/]sf]df cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6LnfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ eof] . ;f]xL qmddf dxfdlxd /fhb"tn] cfufdL jif{x?df klg o:tf] ;Tsfo{n] lg/Gt/kfO/xf];\ eGg] sfdgf klg ug'{eof] .

pb\3f6gs} qmddf g]kfnsfnflu cd]l/sfsf k"j{ /fhb"t sfn{6g s'gn] cd]l/sfdf /x]/ klg cfk\mgf] b]znfO{ ;+emb} bz} ltxf/ d]nfsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf]df cfk"mnfO{ lgs} xif{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] . ;f]xL qmddf pQm ;f];fO6Lsf lgjt{dfg dxf;lrj lvn]Gb| Gof}kfg]n] ;f];fO6Lsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg / cfufdL jif{ ug'{ kg]{ sfdx?sf] ljj/0f k9]/ ;'gfpg' eof] .

o;} qmddf x/]s jif{ x'g] ;f];fO6Lsf] gofF kbflwsf/Lx?sf] rog klg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f];fO6Lsf gj lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx?sf] gfdjnL k9]/ ;'gfpgsf ;fy;fy} kl/ro u/fpg] sfo{ r'gfj cfof]usf ;+of]hs /fd dfnfsf/n] ug'{eof] -cWoIf, k|yd pkfWoIf, l¢tLo pkfWoIf / dxf;lrjdf qmdzM /fh]Gb jnL, xfG; :j]o/, h'8L ;'j]bL, k|]d ;+u|f}nf lgjf{lrt x''g'ePsf] 5 eg] sf]iffWoIfdf 8Dj? clwsf/L tyf cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf] d'vkq ;Dkfbsdf j;Gt >]i7 lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 .

gj lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx?sf] tk{maf6 cWoIfdf k'gMlgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf /fh]Gb| jnLn], ;f] qmddf bz} ltxf/ d]nfsf] cfof]hgf ug'{sf] k|d'v p2]Zo k|sfz kfb}{ cfkm"x?n] g]kfnL k/Dk/f / ;+:s[ltnfO{ ljb]zdf hu]gf{ ug{ ;lsof];\ eGg] x]t'n] ut jif{b]lv d]nfsf] cfof]hgf ul/+b} cfPsf] atfpg'eof] . /, jfl;ªu6g 8L=;L= ;]/f]km]/f]df a;f]af; ug'{ x'g] ;a} g]kfnLx? ;xefuL x'g' cfJxfg ug'{ x'+b} cfuGt's ;a}nfO{ wGojfb k|bfg ug'eof] .

;fy} ;f];fO6Lsf] k|To]s lqmofsnfk ;kmn agfpg ;xof]u k|bfg ug'{ x'g] lu/Lz kf]v/]n, clDjsf u'?ª, 8L=jL= tfdfª tyf ;'a' k|tfk s]=;L=nfO{ ljz]if wGojfb ;d]t 1fkg ug'{eof] .

;f] kZrft\ gj lgjf{lrt k|yd pkfWoIf xfG; :j]o/n] cfk"m g]kfn hf+bf lvRg' ePsf kmf]6f]x?sf] :nfO8 k|bz{g ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sjL uf]i7L

;f]xL d]nfdf sjL uf]i7L sfo{qmd klg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm slj uf]i7Ldf qmdzM sNkgf ;'j]bL, ho 5fË5f, afnslj k'sf/ ;'j]bL, bLks v8\sf, x]dGt >]i7 tyf k|]d ;+u|f}nfn] cf-cfk\mgf] sljtf jfrg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . slj uf]i7L slj j;Gt >]i7n] ;+rfng ug' ePsf] lyof] .

cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Ln] jfl;ªu6g 8L=;L= ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]/ g]kfnL ;d'bfo / g]kfnsfnflu ljz]if of]ubfg k'/\ofpg' x'g] s]xL k|ltefx?sf] ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyof] . h;df ;'a' k|tfk s]=;L= -;+rf/_, d+h' ;+u|f}nf -;+uLt_, ho 5fË5f -;flxTo_ tyf 6Lsf k'g -dgf]/+hg_ nfO{ ;f];fO6Lsf tk{maf6 ;Ddfg kq dxfdlxd /fhb"t ho k|tfk /f0ffn] ljt/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

afnaflnssfsf pTs[i7 klx/g tyf ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd

;f]xL ;fFem g]kfnL pTs[i7 klx/g nufO ;xefuL ePsf afnaflnsfx?dWo] k|yd bf];|f] / t];|f] x'g]nfO{ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . pTs[i7 klx/gdf /jL cf]nL k|yd /fh clwsf/L l4tLo / a/bfg u'?ª t[tLo ePsf lyP .

;f]xL ;fFem /dfOnf] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf b]p;L uLt, cd]l/sg gful/s 8g UofDann] dL7f] efvfdf g]kfnL uLt ufP/ pkl:yt bz{sx?nfO{ dVv t'NofPsf lyP eg] ptf ljZjf; e6\6/fO{ / k|1f nD;fnsf], k|ldtf k|hfklt, k'hf tfdfª, k'sf/ >]i7, lbJofHof]lt /]UdLn] /dfOnf] g[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP . To;}u/L pQd yfkf, 8LjL tfdfª, d~h' ;+u|f}nf / cGo s]xL gj cfuGt's snfsf/x?n] klg cfkm\gf uLtx? k|:t't u/]sf lyP . pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng l6sf k'gMn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

o"P;PcfO{8L4f/f sdn kf}8]n ;Ddflgt

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
cS6f]a/ @#, @))@

cd]l/sg ;+:yf o"P;PcfO{8L g]kfndf nfdf] ;dob]lv sfo{/t sdn kf}8]nnfO{ o'P;PcfO{8Lsf] d'Vo sfof{no jfl;ª6g 8L;Ln] ækmf]/]g ;le{; g]zgn ckm bL Oo/ @))@Æ k'/:sf/sf ;fy ljz]if ;Ddfg k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

kf}8]nnfO{ ut cS6f]a/ !& tfl/vsf lbg jfl;ª\6g 8L;Ll:yt /f]gfN8/]ug ejgdf cd]l/sg ;]gfsf] Ps 6's'8Ln] ljz]if ;nfdLsf ;fy pQm k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

k'/:sf/ kfpg]x?df cGo 5 hgf cGo /fi6"df sfd ug]{ JolQmx? /x]sf lyP .

dfgj ;+zfwg ljz]if1sf ?kdf sfo{/t $% jlif{o kf}8]n o; k|sf/sf] k'/:sf/ kfpg] g]kfnLdWo] !@ jif{leqdf rf}yf] x'g'x'G5 .

o;cl3 o'P;cfO{8L g]kfndf sfo{/t cGo tLg hgf g]kfnLx?df lgd{n yfkf, k'?iff]Qd af:sf]6f / ;fgf]8f]df nfdfn] klg o:t} k'/:sf/ kfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

g]kfn ;Ddflgt

cd]l/sg ;+:yf o"P;PcfO{8Lsf] cWoogdf ljutsf lbgx?df eGbf g]kfnn] hGdb/ tyf d[To'b/ sd u/]sf]df o"P;PcfO{8L, jfl;ª\6g 8L;Ln] ;f]xL lbg g]kfnnfO{ k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

8f= xs{ u'?ª jfl;ª\6gdf

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
cS6f]a/ @!, @))@

g]kfnsf e"uf]nljb\, of]hgfljb\sf ?kdf lrlgg] 8f= xs{ u'?ªn] g]kfnsf] æhgu0fgf @))!Æ zLif{sdf cfln{8)\6g l:yt s]Gb|Lo k':tsfnosf] xndf cS6f]a/ !$ ;f]daf/sf lbg cfkm\gf ljrf/ /fVg'eof] .

8f= u'?ªn] g]kfndf k|hftGq cfPkl5sf lbgx?df ;/sf/n] hgu0fgf ug]{ kl/kf6Ldf ;'wf/ cfPsf] atfpg'eof] .

g]kfndf ul/Psf xfnsf tYofª\sn] l5k]/ /x]sf ljleGg wd{ hfthfltx?sf af/]df ;xL tYof8)\s cfpg yfn]sf] s'/f klg 8f= u'?8)n] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

pQm cj;/df zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ffn] 8f= u'?8)n] b]vfpg'ePsf] /fli6|otfsf] ;a}n] sb/ ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .

pQm cj;/df g]kfnsf nflu cd]l/sfsf k"j{ /fhb"t sfN6g s'gn] klg g]kfnsf hghflt tyf g]kfnsf] cj:yfsf af/]df af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .

u['?ªnfO{ :yfgLo j'l4hLjL g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnsf hghfltsf af/]df ljleGg k|Zg u/]sf lyP .

sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf cWoIf /fh]Gb| jnLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

s'?lT;sf ;xof]uLnfO{ cf7 jif{sf] h]n ;hfo

g]kfnkf]i6 k|ltlglw
cS6f]a/ @), @))@

elh{lgof /fHosf] cfln{ª\6gl:yt Soflk6n n ;]G6/sf clwjQmf ;fd'lxn hL s'?T;sLsf ;xsdL{ ^% jlif{o /f]gfN8 af]uf8{;nfO{ GofowLz h]D; sflxl/;n] cf7 jif{sf] s}b ;hfo tf]s]sf] s'/f cS6f]a/ !( sf] jfl;ª\6gkf]i6sf] ;dfrf/n] hgfPsf] 5 .

pQm ;dfrf/sf cg';f/ s'?T;sLsf ;xsdL{af6 cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] $) nfv 8n/ klg hdfgfhkm\t u/]sf] 5 . ;f] /sd pgsf] 7uL / xfgLdf k/]sf ;of}+ lu|gsf8{ lgj]bsx?nfO{ lkmtf{ ul/g] k|fjwfgsf] Joj:yf ul/g] ePsf] 5 .

clwjQmf ;fd'lxn hL s'?l:;sLsf ;xof]uL OlGhlgo/ /f]gfN8 af]uf8{; cd]l/sfsf] :6]6 l8kf{d]G6sf] cUgL lgoGq0f zfvfsf OlGhlgo/sf ?kdf sfo{/t lyP . lgh af]uf8{;n] cfkm\gf] :6]6 l8kf{d]G6sf] kl/rokq b]vfpFb} elh{lgof /fHosf ljleGg /]i6'/]G6x?df hfFb} /]i6'/]G6sf k|aGwsx?nfO{ e]6L k|aGwsx?sf] gfd l6Kg] u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL gfd pgn] n]e/ ;l6{lkms]zgsf nflu clgoldt tj/af6 k|of]u u/]sf] s'/f lgh OlGhlgo/ cfkm}+n] Gofono ;dIf jofg u/]sf 5g\ .

OlGhlgo/ af]uf8{;nfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L 3/ vfgtnf;L ubf{ pgsf] 3/af6 !) nfv 8n/ gub, @% nfv 8n/ a}+sdf / % nfv 8n/ cGo hfoh]yf ;d]t sAhfdf lnPsf] lyof] .

cbfnt;Fu /f]gfN8 af]uf8{;n] cfkm\gf tkm{af6 u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ cj}wflgs sfo{x? PsfPs atfP :j?k cd]l/sL cbfntn] lghnfO{ sd ;hfo ul/lbg] ;t{ :j?k lghn] cbfntnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ /sd a'emfpg] / cf7 jif{dfq s}b ;hfo kfpg] Joj:yf cbfntn] u/]sf] 5 .

;xfos dxfGofowLjQmf hg df]6{gn] o; qmddf kLl8tdf k/]sf lu|gsf8{ lgj]bsx?sf] ;xof]u ug{sf nflu Ps JolQmsf] lgo'lQm ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . o;sf nflu ljz]if g+= 6]lnkmf]gsf] Joj:yf ul/g] hfgsf/L klg ;xfos dxfGofowLjQmf df]6{gn] lbPsf 5g\ . cd]l/sL sfg'g dGqfnon] kLl8t lgj]bsx?nfO{ of] ljz]if k|fjwfgsf] sfd eg] ;xof]u ug]{ xf] / ;dft]/ :jb]z kmsf{pg] xf]Og eg]sf] 5 .

clwjQmf ;fd'lxn hL s'?T;sLsf] d'4f ;'Gg] ;do eg] cfufdL l8;]Da/df /x]sf] 5 . OlGhlgo/ /f]gfN8 af]uf8{;n] eg] cfkm"n] k"0f{ ?kdf uNtL :jLsfb}{ hg ;dIf cfkm"n] k'/\ofPsf] b'Mvk|lt v]b k|s6 ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ cfj]bsx?;dIf Ifdf dfu]sf 5g\ .

o;;DaGwL ljz]if 6]lnkmf]g g++=sf] Joj:yf x'g] ePsfn] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL cfj]bsx?n] klg cfkm"n] Soflk6n n ;]G6/nfO{ a'emfPsf] /sdsf] r]s tyf a}+s :6]6d]G6x? ;'/lIft /fVg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

o; Soflk6n n ;]G6/af6 cd]l/sL lu|gsf8{ kfpg] cf;fdf ;ft ;o eGbf a9L g]kfnLx? ;d]t 7luPsf 5g\ .

Sofgf8fsf g]kfnLx?

xl/ l;jfsf]6L
cS6'a/ !^, @))@

Sofgf8f ljZjsf] dfglrqdf pQ/L e"efu cf]u6]/ a;]sf] nf]df] tyf wgL b]zx?sf] ;+Vofdf kb{5 . ljZjsf wgLd'n'sx?sf] ;b:o hL * df cfkm\gf] xflnd'xfnL hdfpg ;kmn Sofgf8fnfO{ aflx/af6 ;'g]/ eGbf Sofgf8fleq}af6 /fd|f] lrGg ;lsbf]/x]5 .

/fhgLlts lx;fjn] eGbf k[ys, ;fdflhs cj:yf Sofgf8fnL hgtfsf nflu :ju}{ 5 eGbf klg km/s gkbf]{/x]5 . em6\6 cg'ej ubf{ ;':t hghLjg b]lvg] zx/x?sf dfem of] k+lQmsf/ cfkm}+ ut ;]K6]Da/ @$ df cjt/0f ePkl5sf 5f]6f] cg'je kf7sx? ;dIf /fVg] sf]lz; u/]sf] 5' .

pQ/ cd]l/sfdf cjl:yt ljZjsf wgL d'n'sx?dWo]sf] Ps g+= bhf{df /x]sf] Sofgf8fdf x/]s hfthflt efiffefifL / ;+:s[ltsf] k'~h of] b]zn] ;uf}/j :yflkt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . olt w]/} efiffefifLx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ Pp6} /fHo Joj:yfleq cg'zfl;t / :j:km"t{ ?kdf b]znfO{ cl3 a9fpgdf Sofgf8fnL cy{ljb\ / lzIffljb\ tyf b]zsf] kf/bzL{ sfg'g g} k|d'v b]lvG5 .

lzlIft / cfkm\gf] b]znfO{ sfd nfUg] cfk|jf;L k|j]zsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] Sofgf8fdf g]kfnaf6 w]/} sd ;+Vofdf o:tf g]kfnLx?sf] k|j]z ePsf] kfOG5 . hf] hlt g]kfnLx? oxfF cfOk'u]sf 5g\ ltgLx? oxfFs} kl/j]zdf ljnfPsf kfOG5g\ . oxfF Pl;of dxfb]zaf6 cfpg]x?df ef/tLo, lkmlnlkgL, >Ln+sfnL, sf]l/ogx?sf] t'ngfdf g]kfnLx? cf}+nfn] uGg ;lsG5g\ .

g]kfnLx? ljz]if u/]/ 6f]/G6f] zx/df a9L a;f]af; u/]sf] tYo oxfF :yflkt g]kfnL ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?af6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .

To;}u/L Sofgf8fsf] /fhwfgL cf]6fjf / k|m]Gr efiffsf] /fHo df]lG6|on -So'j]s_df klg g]kfnLx? ;+ul7t eP/ a;]sf] kfOG5 .

g]kfnLx?sf c? c? ;+u7gx? klg ljleGg zx/df 5g\ t/ oxfF pNn]v ug{ plrt ug{ nfossf] ;+:yf eg] g]lKnh\ Sofg]l8og P;f]l;P;g ckm cf]6f]jfsf af/]df s]xL pNn]v ug'{ ;fGble{s b]lvG5 .

of] ;+u7gsf] hGd ;g\ @))@ sf] dfr{ #! Df ljlwjt\ :yfkgf eP klg xfn cf]6f]jfdf /x]sf k|fofzM g]kfnLx? ;dflxt PsLs[t ?kdf g]kfnsf] klxrfg tyf ;f+:s[lts lxtsf vflt/ ;a} g]kfnLx? ;+u7gsf nflu :j+od\;]jL eP/ sfd ul//x]sf kfOG5g\ .

o; ;+:yfsf af/]df s'/f ub}{ ;+:yfsf :j+od\;]jL k|df]b 9sfn eGg'x'G5,æo; ;+:yfdf sf] cWoIf, sf] pkfWoIf, sf] ;lrj eGg] xf]8afhL 5}g, o:tf s'/fsf nflu hxfF xf]8afhL x'G5 ToxfF :jfy{ x'G5 .Æ eGb} pxfF cufl8 yKg'x'G5, æoxfF g]kfnLx?sf klxnf klxnf w]/} gfd u/]sf ;+:yf hlGdP t/ s'g} klg s[ofzLn x'g ;s]gg\ o;}n] ubf{ xfdLn] of] ;+:yf :yfkgf u/]sf xf}+ .Æ

xfn o; ;+:yfdf tf/f pk|]tL, OGb| If]qL, d0fL If]qL, 8f= /fd cfrfo{, 8f= kjg cu|jfn, 8f= sfnLbfz ;'j]bL, 8f= s[i0fxl/ uf}td, 8f= ;'lbk e6\6/fO{, 8f= k|df]b 9sfn, /jLg ;'Aaf / d]/L ljN; x'g'x'G5 .

o;} ;+:yfsf] k|of;df xfn ;f] If]qdf OG6/Gofzgn Nofª\Uj]h k|f]u|fd cGt/ut :6]6 ue/d]G6s} dftfxtdf Pp6f g]kfnL :s'nsf] ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf] gfd xf]k ljn PleGo' cf]6f]jf /flvPsf] 5 . lzlIfsf cf;f e08f/Ln] :jo\d;]jL ag]/ g]kfnL efiff l;sfpg yfNg'ePsf] 5 . of] Sofgf8fdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf nflu dfq uf}/jsf] ljifo geP/ ;+;f/e/ a:g] g]kfnLx?s} nflu /fd|f] yfngL xf] .

o;}u/L of] bz}+ kj{df klg cf]6f]jf tyf 6f]/f]G6f] ;a}lt/sf g]kfnLx?n] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] lsl;dn] e]nf eP/ bz}+ dgfpg'n] klg g]kfnLx? hxfF k'u] klg cfkm\gf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ hf]ufpFb} cfkm\gf] g]kfnLkgnfO{ ljz{g ;Sb}gg\ eGg] b]lvG5 .

o;/L Pp6f dxf;fu/df Ps yf]kf kfgL ldl;P/ s]xL yk b]lvb}g t/ ;d'Gb| :jo+dnfO{ yfxf x'G5 ddfly Ps yf]kf kfgL ylkof] eg]/ To:t} of] ;d'Gb|?kL Sofgf8fdf g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof st} b]lvg gcfP klg Sofg]l8og ;/sf/ / df6f]sf] nflu s]xL g s]xL cf]h dx;'; kSs} x'g]5 . To;}n] Sofgf8fdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] lg/Gt/ k|ult / pGglQsf] sfdgf ub}{ cfhnfO{ olt g} .