v]ns'b

g]kfnL t]Sjf]Gbf] v]nf8Lx?af6 pTs[i6 k|bz{g

dgf]h cfrfo{
cS6f]a/ #), @))%

cd]l/sfsf] 6]S;f;df xfn} ;DkGg kmf]6{ jf]y{ OG6/Gofzgn t]Sjf]Gbf] RoflDkogzLkdf g]kfnL ;xefuL v]nf8Lx?n] @ :j0f{ / /ht kbs lhTg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
;f] k|ltof]lutfdf /fli6|o cGt/f{li6|o If]qsf kbs lht]/ VoftL sdfO;s]sL cGt/f{li6|o v]nf8L /]0f'sf du/ tyf lg/Ghg >]i7n] Ps Ps :j0f{ kbs xfl;n u/]sf lyP eg] sf]l/ofaf6 k|ltikwf{ ug{ cfPsf /fh' If]qLn] /th kbs lht]sf lyP .
;f] k|ltof]lutfdf cGt/f{li6|o lg0ff{os nak|;fb uf]vf{nL, lbjfs/ dxh{g tyf lg0ff{os ;Ltf /fO{ / /]0f'sf du/n] lg0ff{ossf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP .
g]kfnL t]Sjf]Gbf];Fu ;DalGwt JolQmx?sf] /fd|f] pkl:ylt /x]sf] ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf cGt/f{li6|o lg0ff{os cld/ >]i7n] n]sj'8 t]Sjf]Gbf] Sna, cli6gsf] sf]rsf] ?kdf k|ltlglwTj u/]sf lyP eg] 6]S;f; Pg\6LP Snasf] nflu sf]lzif v8\sf k|lzIfs /x]sf lyP . sf]lz; v8\sf k|lzIfs /x]sf] Snadf sl/a ;ft ;o t]Sjf]Gbf] v]nf8Lx?n] k|lzIf0f lng] u/]sf] atfOG5 .

cGt/f{li6|o g]kfn t]Sjf]Gbf] o'lgog u7g

dgf]h cfrfo{
aflN6df]/ cS6f]a/ #), @))%

g]kfnL t]Sjf]Gbf]df ;dlk{t k"j{ v]nf8L tyf k|lzIfsx?sf] Ps e]nfn] nak|;fb uf]vf{nLsf] cWoIftfdf cGt/f{li6|o g]kfn t]Sjf]Gbf] o'lgog @))% u7g u/]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sfsf] 6]S;f;df xfn} cfof]lht kmf]6{ cf]y{ OG6/Gofzgn t]Sjf]Gbf] RoflDkogzLksf] bf}/fgdf u7g ul/Psf] ;f] ;+:yfsf] dxf;lrjdf lszf]/ >]i7 -jfl;+ª6g, cd]l/sf_ /x]sf 5g\ eg] pkfWoIfdf cld/ >]i7 -Xo':6g, cd]l/sf_ /x]sf 5g\ .
To;}u/L sf]lzif v8\sf -6]S;f;, cd]l/sf_, sf]iffWoIfdf hutnfn >]i7 æljlkgÆ -ldlrug, cd]l/sf_ tyf ;xsf]iffWoIfdf ;Ltf /fO{ -cf]/ug, cd]l/sf_ /x]sL l5g\ .
gj ul7t ;f] ;+:yfsf] ;b:ox?df k|ldnf yfkf -ldlrug, cd]l/sf_ ;ljtf /fhe08f/L -jfl;+ª6g, cd]l/sf_ /fh' yfkf -a]nfot_, cfnf]s /fgf -ci6|]lnof_, s'df/ sfsL{ -g]kfn_, xl/ tfdfª -x+ss+ª_, >Ls[i0f s];L -hd{gL_, wL/]Gb| zfxL -dsfp_, /fh' If]qL -sf]l/of_, /]0f'sf du/ cd]l/sf / lg/Ghg >]i7 cd]l/sf /x]sf 5g\ .
;f] ;+:yfsf] cGo ;b:x?df s]ljg dxh{g -cd]l/sf_, ?kf :ofªb]g -cd]l/sf_, lglDd z]kf{ -cd]l/sf_, czf]s nfdf -hfkfg_ l/t' lhdL /fO{ -sf]l/of_ / dgf]h cfrfo{ -kqsf/, cd]l/sf_ /x]sf 5g\ .
cGt/f{li6|o g]kfn t]Sjf]Gbf] o'lgogsf] ljz]if ;Nnfxfsf/df /fhs'df/ /fO{ -Sofgf8f_, k|bLk hf]zL -g]kfn_, ;Gtf]if k|wfg -cd]l/sf_, lbjs/ dxh{g -cd]l/sf_ / ;'2f]bg /+lht -cd]l/sf_ /x]sf 5g\ .
;+:yfsf] u7gsf] qmddf sf]l/ofaf6 k|ltlglwsf ?kdf /fh' If]qLsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . kmf]6{ cf]y{ OG6/Gofzgn t]Sjf]Gbf] RoflDkogzLksf] k'D;] ANofsa]N6 l;lgo/ ;d'xdf /fh' If]qLn] /ht kbs xfl;n u/]sf lyP . gj lgo'Qm cWoIf njk|;fb uf]vf{nLsf cg';f/ /fh' If]qLnfO{ o'lgog u7gsf] ;Gbe{df ljz]if cfdGq0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
gj ul7t ;+:yfn] b]z ljb]zdf 5l/P/ /x]sf t]Sjf]Gbf]k|lt ;dlk{t JolQmx?nfO{ Pslqt u/L t]Sjf]Gbf] v]nsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] nIo lnPsf] cWoIf uf]vf{nLn] atfpg'eof] .
cWoIf uf]vf{nLsf cg';f/, ;b:o ;fyLx? aLr cfk;L 5nkmn u/L lgs6 eljiod} ;f] ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ePsf] 5 .

6]S;f;sf] e]nfdf v]ns'b

sljGb| l;6f}nf
h'nfO{ !!, @))%

æb P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh Og bL cd]l/sfh\Æ 6]S;f;df ;DkGg g]kfnLx?sf] e]nfsf cj;/df ljljw v]ns'b sfo{qmd ;d]t ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
v]ns"bx?df km"6an -;s/_, elnan, afis]6 an , 6]a'n 6]lg; / uf]Nkm ePsf lyP . km"6andf hDdf & j6f l6dn] efu lnPsf]df Go'of]s{ / ldg];f]6f kmfOgndf k'uL Go'of]s{n] KofglN6df lhTof] eg] ljlzi6 v]nf8L -Pdlelk_ ljdn yfkfnfO{ 3f]lift ul/of] . k'?if afis]6 andf ( j6f l6dn] efu lnPsf]df 8\ofn;-6]S;;_ / l8l; sf] t'kmfg kmfOgndf k'uL 8fNnf;n] lht]sf] lyof] . ljlzi6 v]nf8L -Pdlelk_ p4j v8\sfn] kfPsf lyP . dlxnf afis]6df kfFrj6f l6dn] efulnPsf]df g]a|fisf * / 8fNnf; t'kmfg kmfOgndf k'uL 8fNnf;n] lht]sf] lyof] eg] :g]x ;fksf]6n] ljlzi6 v]nf8Lsf] pkfwL lhltg\ .
k'?if elnandf tLgj6f l6dn] efu lnPsf]df j]i6 ckm # df 8\ofn; uf]vf{nLn] g]a|fisfnfO{ lht]sf] lyof] . ljlzi6 v]nf8L -Pdlelk df ldng 3f]lift ul/P . dlxnf elnandf 8\ofn; An]h n] cla{g o'gfO6]8nfO{ lht]sf] lyof] / ljlzi6 v]nf8L -Pdlelk df k]l6l;of zfxf 3f]lift eOg\ . dlxnf k'?if ;+o'Qm uNkmdf !* xf]nsf] v]n ePsf] lyof] . To;df onDa/n] && df g} ;dfKt u/L lg/];nfO{ *) df lht]sf lyP . 6]a'n 6]lg; l;+undf ;+uLtf >]i7n] e"if0f Kofs'/]nnfO{ lht]sL lyOg\ . ;f]xL 8andf ;+uLtf >]i7 / ;'/]; Gof}kfg] ljhoL ePsf lyP .

kmndfpydf g]kfnLsf] elnjn

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
n08g clk|n @^, @))%

gofF jif{ @)^@ sf] cj;/df sg{jfn kmndfpydf ut clk|n !$ tfl/vsf lbg elnjn sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
^ j6f 6Ldx? aLr k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] pQm k|ltof]lutfdf g]knLh s'hfO{g /]i6'/]06 6Ldn] hLt]sf] 5 . g]kfn Sof6/;{ P;f]lzP;g g]kfn b'l6hd tyf FBNNT sf :6nx? ;+:yfut ?kdf /flvPsf] pQm k|ltof]lutfdf Sof6/;{sf] tkm{af6 cf/tL >]i7 tyf KTM Tourism / FBNNT sf] tkm{af6 w'|j s]zLn] k|ltlglwTj ug'{ ePsf] s'/f sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs x]dsfGt ;]8fO{+n] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf xf]d clkm; ldlgi6/ Sof/f]lng lˆG6, d]o/ d]l/g 8]le;g sfpG;Ln/ od P ef/lg / cfufdfL r'gfjsf od kL pd]bjf/ cf;nL q;nL -sGh/e]l6e_ dfOs df]xg -UKIPS_ cflb :yfgLo g]tfx? tyf ;dfh;]jLx?sf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd cjlwdf ljleGg nf]s ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx?sf] ;d]t Aoj:yf u/L Rofl/6L /sd p7fOPsf] lyof] . cfof]hsx?n] lgs6 eljZodf Everest Dof¥of/fy'gsf] cfof]hgf u/L * xhf/ * ;o $* ld6/sf] bf}8 u/fpg nfu]sf] ;d]t yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .

g]kfn kL; sk elnjn k|ltof]lutf

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
;]K6]Da/ *, @))$

sfnLu08sL d}qL ;dfhsf] cfof]hgfdf NofGxfd, d]/LNof08 l:yt jflzÎ6g afO{an sn]hsf] se8{xndf Æg]kfn kL; skÆ elnjn k|ltof]lutf cfOtaf/ ;DkGg eof] . g]kfndf :yfoL zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ cfof]lht ul/Psf] pSt elnjn k|ltof]lutfdf Go'of]s{af6 ! aflN6df]/af6 @ / elh{lgofaf6 @ u/L hDdf % 6Ldn] efu lnPsf lyP .
;f] ;+:yfsf cWoIf eLd /]UdLn] ;f] k|ltof]lutfsf] ljhoL g]kfn ldnLh'ln 6Ld ;]So"l/6L a'n]e8{ aflN6df]/nfO{ / pkljh]tf sfnLu08sL 6LdnfO{ qmdzM o'=P;= 8n/ &)) / %)) gub k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;f] ;dfhsf af]8{ ckm 8fO/]S6/ kf/; >]i7 Pj+ uf]kfn /]UdLn] ljhoL 6Ldsf v]nf8Lx?nfO{ k|df0fkq Pj+ kbs k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ;df/f]xsf] z'?df g]kfndf ePsf] ljut cfwfbzs cl3 b]lv ePsf] lx+;fsf] rk]6fdf k/L bLj+ut ePsfx? / O/fsdf ut zftf cft+ssf/Lxåf/f qm'/tfk"j{s xTof ul/Psf lgbf]{if g]kfnL bfh'efOx?sf] cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] nflu Ps ldg]6 df}g wf/0ff ul/Psf] lyfo]f .
k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ;df/f]xdf ;dfhsf af]8{ ckm 8fO/]S6/ k'? ;'j]bLn] ;dfhsf ultljlwaf/] k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] cWoIf eLd /]UdLn] ;f] k|ltof]lutf ;kmntfsf ;fy ;DkGg ug{ ;xof]u ug'{x'g] k|fof]hs / ;+nUg ;a}nfO{ xlb{s wGoafb 1fkg ug{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng l6sf s'df/ k'gn] ug'{ePsf] s'/f sfnLu08sL d}qL ;dfh jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ln] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .

cf]nlDksdf kbssf] cfzf cem} afFsL

ljk]Gb| sfsL{
sf7df8f}+, cu:6 !(, @))$

lu|;sf] Py]G;df ;~rfng e}/x]sf] @* cf}+ cf]nlDksdf cfkm\gf] 5l/tf] ;xeflutf hgfO/x]sf] g]kfnsf nflu k|f/lDes glthfx? Tolt ;'vb g/x] klg pSt glthfnfO{ g]kfnsf v]n clwsf/Lx?n] c:jefljs gePsf] elg l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . of] cf]nlDksdf g]kfnn] t]SjfGbf]sL k|ltefzfnL v]nf8L ;+uLgf a}Baf6 eGbf cGo v]nf8Lx?af6 s'g} kbssf] cfzf g/fv]sf]n] ;+uLgfsf] v]n gx]?~h]n lg/f; eOxfNg' kg]{ l:ylt g/x]sf] pgLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf kf+r xhf/ ld6/sf wfjs /fh]Gb| e08f/Ln] /fli6"o em08f kmx/fP/ cf}krfl/s ;xeflutf hgfPsf] of] cf]nlDksdf clxn];Dd g]kfnn] kf}8Ltkm{sf b'O{ 5'§f5'§} Oe]G6\;sf] k|f/lDes r/0faf6} aflxl/O;s]sf] 5 . h;df lk|m Oe]G6tkm{ Pln; >]i7 / !)) dL6/tkm{sL gogf zfSon] k|lt:kwf{ u/]sL lyOg\ . To;}u/L ;'l6ªtkm{sf u+ufaxfb'/ k|wfg klg k|f/lDes r/0faf6} k|lt:wf{af6 aflxl/g k'u]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf nflu kbs lhTg ;Sg] cfzf ul/PsL t]SjfGbf]sL k|ltefzfnL v]nf8L ;+uLgf a}B eg] k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng cfufdL cu:6 !( df Py]G;tkm{ k|:yfg ub}{ l5g\ . xfn cfkm\gf sf]/LofnL k|lzIfs;+u sl7g k|lzIf0f lnO{/x]sL ;+uLgf :jod\ klg kbs lhTg] s'/fdf lgs} cfzfafbL l5g\ . cfkm\gf] tf}n ;d"xdf Pl;ofnL RoflDkog ;d]t e};s]sL a}B cf]nlDksdf g]kfnsf nflu kbs lbnfpg cfkm\gf] ldlxg]t, z'e]R5'sx?sf] ckf/ dfof / l;Ëf] d'n'ssf] cfzf ;xof]uL x'g] s'/fdf ljZj:t l5g\ . pgsf] ;kmntfsf nflu g]kfnL ;dfhsf x/]s If]qaf6 ;b\efjk"0f{ sfdgfx? ul/Psf 5g\ .
;g\ !(^)sf] /f]ddf ;DkGg ePsf] cf]nlDksaf6 ko{j]Ifssf ?kdf ;xeflutf hgfPsf] g]kfnn] cf}krfl/s ?kdf cf]nlDksdf ;xeflutf hgfPsf] eg] ;g\ !(^%af6 dfq xf] . clxn];Dd s]jn ;xeflutf dfq xft nfu]sf] g]kfnsf nflu of] $) aif]{ ofqfdf klxnf]k6s kbssf] cfzf ul/PsL v]nf8L a}Bk|lt k"j{ /fli6"o v]nf8Lx? klg lgs} cfzfjfbL b]lvG5g\ . cf]nlDksdf nuftf/ tLg k6s g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 ;xeflutf hgfPsf rlr{t Dof/fy'g wfjs a}s'07 dfgGw/ ;+uLgfsf] ;xeflutfk|lt cfzfjfbL x'+b} eGg'x'G5, Æ;+uLgfn] cfkm"h:t} k|ltof]uLnfO{ rflx+ cjZo lhTg]l5g\ . v]ndf slxn]sfxL+ efUojfbL klg x'g'k5{, t/ ;+uLgfsf] efUo klg alnof] 5Æ .
v]nf8L / k|lzIfs eGbf v]n clwsf/Lx? g} lab]z hfg' kg]{ g]kfnL ;+is[tL of] k6ssf] cf]nlDksdf klg bf]xf]l/Psf] 5 . hDdf ^ g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?n] efu lnPsf] of] cf]nlDksdf * hgf clwsf/Lx? uPsf] ;Da4 ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 . t/ slt v]n clwsf/Lx? Py]G; uP eGg] /]s8{ /fli6"o v]ns'b kl/ifb;+u klg 5}g . g]kfnL 6f]nLsf ;]km b ld;g tyf /fv]ksf ;bio ;lrj Pj+ k'gu{l7t cf]nlDks sldl6sf dxf;lrj lszf]/axfb'/ l;+x :jod\ o;tkm{ cgle1tf hgfp+b} Py]G;tkm{ k|:yfg u/]sf lyP . g]kfnL 6f]nLsf] gfdfjnL cf]nlDks sld6Lsf] Pstf x'g' cl3 g} k7fOPsf]n] cfkm" s]jn /fv]ksf] ;b:o ;lrjsf] x}l;otdf dfq To:ftkm{ k|:yfg ul/Psf] pgsf] bfjL lyof] .
v]nf8Lx?n] lqe'jg cGt/f{li6"o ladfg:yndf ckdfghgs labfO{ ;xg' k/]sf]n] dgf]j}1flgs ?kdf kLl8t tL v]nf8Lx?n] k|lzIfssf] cefjdf /fd|f] v]n k|bz{g ug{ g;s]sf] v]n If]qsf la1x? atfpF5g\ . o2lk kf}l8tkm{sf Pln;n] Py]G; cf]nlDksdf /fli6"o sLlt{dfg eË u/]sf 5g\ .

cf]nlDks sldl6sf] kGw| dlxgf nfdf] ljjfb ;dfKt

ljk]Gb| sfsL{
sf7df8f}+, cu:t %, @))$

ljjfbsf] kof{o dflgg] g]kfnL v]ns'bdf cu:6 dlxgfsf] k|f/Ded} s]xL ;sf/fTds / cfzfnfUbf sbdx?sf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5 . laut !% dlxgfb]lv g]kfnL v]nk|]dLx?sf nflu 6fpsf] b'MvfO{ ag]/ /x]sf] /fli6"o v]ns'b kl/ifb / g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6L larsf] laafbsf] ;'vb / d]nldnfkk"0f{ cGTo ePsf] 5 .
cu:6 dlxgfsf] klxnf] lbg k|m]08;Lk 8] sf] cj;/ kf/]/ lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqL ljdn]Gb| lgwLsf] cu|;/tfdf /fli6"o / cGt/f{li6"o dfGotfk|fKt b'O{ cf]nlDks sldl6sf cWoIfx?lar ePsf] ;xdlt cg'?k gofF cf]nlDks sld6Lsf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . h; cg';f/ cGt/f{li6"o cf]nlDks sld6Laf6 dfGotf k|fKt cWoIf ?Sdzdz]/ /f0ffnfO{ cWoIf / ;/sf/L dfGotfk|fKt cf]nlDks sld6Lsf cWoIf lszf]/ axfb'/ l;+xnfO{ dxf;lrjsf] lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] 5 . l;+x /fli6"o v]ns'b kl/ifbsf ;b:o klg x'g\ .
Py]G; cf]nlDkssf] k"j{;GWofdf ePsf] of] ;xdltn] g]kfnsf] cf]nlDks ofqfnfO{ s]xL ;'ud t cjZo agfPsf] 5 ;fy} ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;dembf/Laf6} vf]Hg] ;/sf/L k|of;n] klg d"t{ ?k lnPsf] 5 . gjul7t sldl6 #& ;b:oLo agfOPsf] 5 . h;df b'a} kIfsf k|foM ;Dk"0f{ kwflwsf/LnfO{ ;+nUg u/fOPsf sf/0f sld6L hDaf] cfsf/sf] aGg k'u]sf] 5 . /f0ff sld6Ldf dxf;lrj /x]sf w'|jjxfb'/ k|wfgnfO{ gofF sld6Ldf pkfWoIf agfOPsf] 5 . ;f]xL kbdf /f0ffn] klg klxn] l;+xnfO{ dgf]gog u/]sf lyP . t/ l;+xn] k|s[ofut q'l6 eGb} c:jLsf/ ul//x]sf lyP .
cl3Nnf] ;fn a}zfv @( ut] uf]Ko ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] g]kfn cf]nlDks sldl6sf] clwj];g / lgjf{rgsf] a}wflgstf dfly k|Zg p7] kl5 /fli6"o v]ns'b kl/ifb / g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6Lsf] lajfbsf] k|f/De Tolx ;dob]lv g} p7\g yfn]sf] lyof] . kl/ifbn] lawfg lakl/t uf]Ko clwj]zg ul/ lgjf{rgsf] gf6s u/]sf] eGb} k'glg{jflrt pSt sld6LnfO{ dfGotf lbg OGsf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
kl/ifbs} l;kmfl/;df tTsflng ;/sf/n] ut k'; dlxgfdf pSt sldl6sf] btf{ ;d]t vf/]h u/]/ sldl6sf] a}wflgstf ;dfKt kfg{ vf]h] klg cGt/f{li6"o cf]nlDks sldl6 / cf]nlDks sfplG;n ckm Pl;ofsf] dfGotf pSt sldl6d} /x]sfn] ;/sf/sf] k|of; lg/y{s ePsf] lyof] . tTsflng cWoIf ?Sdzdz]/ /f0ffsf] kIfdf nlaª ug{ cGt/f{li6"o cf]nlDks sldl6sf k|ltlglwsf ?kdf /fhf /0flw/ l;+xn] ;d]t g]kfn e|d0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

/fhb"t sk sfnLu08sL d}qL ;dfhnfO{

l6sf k'g
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L @@ h'nfO{ @))$

cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf] jflif{s u[id sflng agef]h sfo{qmdsf] cj;/df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /fhb"t sk v'Nnf elnan k|ltof]lutfdf sfnLu08sL d}qL ;dfh P ljhoL ePsf] 5 .
:juL{o /fhb't hok|tfk /f0ffsf] ;Demgfdf o;} jif{b]lv k|f/De ul/Psf] pSt elnan k|ltof]lutfsf nflu ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehg, sflnu08sL d}qL ;dfh P / aL, /]l8of] bf]efg / cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh u/L kfFr l6d sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
/]l8of] bf]efgaf6 g]kfn /fli6"o elnan l6dsf k"j{ l6d SofK6]g ;'lgn s'df/ rf}w/L tyf sflnu08sL d}qL ;dfh aL af6 csf{ k"j{ /fli6"o v]nf8L dx]Gb| clwsf/Lsf] ;xeflutfn] v]nsf] dxTjnfO{ c? a9fPsf] lyof] . sflnu08sL d}qL ;dfh P / aL aLrsf] cToGt} s8f / /f]d~rsf/L k|lt:kwf{ kmfOgn v]ndf ljhoL P l6dn] /fhb"t /lgË lzN8 ;lxt @)) 8n/sf] gub k'/:sf/ xft kf/of] eg] /g/ ck la l6dn] !%) 8n/ gub k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/of] . l6sf s'df/ k'g / ldg kfOhfsf] /]km|L tyf g]q l3l;Ë / 8L=aL=tdfªsf] Joj:yfkg cGtu{t ;DkGg pSt k|ltof]lutfsf k|yd tyf låtLo x'g] v]nf8Lx?nfO{ cd]l/sf sf nflu sfo{afxs /fhb't ?b| g]kfnn] lzN8, k|df0fkq / gub k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

ly|:6f/n] pkfwL r'Dof]

ljk]Gb| sfsL{
sf7df8f}+, @) h'nfO{ @))$

dx]Gb| k'ln; Sna;Fusf] lg0ff{os v]ndf uf]n/lxt a/fa/L;Fu} ly|:6f/ Sna o; aif{sf] zxLb :df/s Pe/]i6 lnu P l8lehg km"6jn k|ltof]lutfsf] pkfwL r'Dg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . lj= ;+= @)%$ ;fnsf] lnusf] pkfwL lah]tf ly|:6f/n] pkfwL afktsf] kf+r nfv ?k}+of, 6"lkm / laleGGf lawf cGtu{t pTs[i6 v]n k|bz{g u/] afkt rf/ cf]6f ofdfxf df]6/;fO{sn klg o;};fy k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . cfhsf] v]n;Fu} ut a}zfv % ut]b]lv bz/y /+uzfnfdf ;~rfng e}/x]sf] /f]df~rk"0f{ km"6an k|ltof]lutfsf] Pp6f cWofosf] cGTo ePsf] 5 .
cfOtaf/ ;DkGGf cToGt k|lt:kwf{k"0f{ v]nsf] lgwf{l/t ;do;Dd s'g} klg 6Ldn] uf]n ug{ g;s]kl5 a/fa/L afktsf] Ps-Ps c+s af+8\b} ly|:6f/ / dx]Gb| k'ln; Snan] qmdzM klxnf] / bf];|f] oyf:yfgd} cfkm\gf] v]n 6'+UofP . c+s tflnsfdf $) c+ssf ;fy klxnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] ly|:6f/n] olx v]n;+u} $! c+s k'¥ofof] eg] dx]Gb| k'ln; Sna ly|:6f/ eGbf dfq tLg c+sn] kl5 k/]sf] lyof] . cfhsf] v]ndf k'ln; Snan] lht xf+l;n dfq u/]sf] eP c+s a/fa/L eP klg uf]n cGt/sf sf/0f lnusf] glthf km]l/g] lglZrt lyof] .
ef/L aiff{n] lxnfDd] ePsf] d}bfgdf ly|:6f/sf :6f/ ;'/]Gb| tfdfª nufotsf v]nf8Lx? cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy k|:t't e}/x] klg k'ln; Snasf v]nf8Lx? cfkm\gf] 6Ldsf] ckl/xfo{ lhtsf nflu cfqmfds ?kdf k|:t't ePsf lyP . :6"fOs/ xl/ v8\sfsf] cg'kl:ylt v6\lsPsf] of] v]n olt k|lt:kwf{Tds lyof] ls s'g} 6Ld v]n calwe/ xfjL x'g ;s]sf lyPgg\ . v]nsf] #^ cf}+ ldg]6df ly|:6f/n] kfPsf] k]gfN6L ;d]t uf]ndf kl/0ft x'g g;s]kl5 t emg v]nsf] ;Defljt glthfsf] cf+sng ug{ sl7gfO{ k/]sf] lyof] .
PGkmfsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;Dk'0f{ v]n calwe/ pTs[i6 v]n k|bz{g ug]{ v]nf8L Pj+ k|lzIfsx?df klg ly|:6f/ l6daf6} al9 k/]sf 5g\ . h; cg';f/ ly|:6f/sf :6"fOs/ ;'/]Gb| tfdfª pTs[i6 :6f"Os/, nf]saGw' u'?ª pTs[i6 l8km]G8/ tyf k|bLk 8+uf]nn] pTs[i6 ld8lkmN8/sf] k'/:sf/ xft kf/]sf 5g\ eg] hfjnfv]n o'y Snasf lasf; yfkfn] pTs[i6 uf]n/Ifssf] k'/:sf/ xft k/]sf 5g\ . To:t} ly|:6f/sf k|lzIfs w'|j s];Ln] pTs[i6 k|lzIfssf] tyf dgfª d:of{ª\bLsf j;Gt yfkfn] xfO{ :sf]//sf] k'/:sf/ kfpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . pgLx? k|To]sn] ofdfxfsf] ;f}hGodf Ps Ps cf]6f lna]/f] df]6/;fO{sn k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .
bf];|f] :yfg xfl;n ug]{ dx]Gb| k'ln; Snan] tLg nfv ?k}+of, t];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf] dgfª d:of{ª\bL Snan] b'O{ nfv ?k}+of klg k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . k|ltof]ultfdf ;fGTjgf :yfg xfl;n ug]{ lqe'jg cfdL{ Snan] gub Ps nfv ?k}+of klg xft kf/]sf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfsf] km]o/ Kn] pkfwL eg] k|m]08;\ Snan] k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] xfn;Dds} ;jf{lws k'/:sf/ /fzL ePsf] of] k|ltof]utfsf] cfof]hgf clvn g]kfn km"6an ;+3 -PGkmf_ / k|fof]hg Pe/]i6 lao/n] u/]sf] xf] .

ly|:6f/;Fu} dx]Gb| k'ln; Snaåf/f klg pkfwLdf bfj]bf/L

ljk]Gb| sfsL{
sf7df8f}+, h'nfO{ !@

zLif{ :yfgdf /x]sf] ly|:6f/ SnanfO{ k5\ofpFb} dx]Gb| k'ln; Snan] zxLb :df/s Pe/]i6 lnu km"6an k|ltof]lutfdf cfkm\gf] bfj]bf/L k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo bz/y /+uzfnfdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;~rfng e}/x]sf] of] k|ltof]lutfdf ut ;fnsf] lah]tf dgfª\ d:of{ª\bL eg pkfwLsf] xf]8af6 o;cl3 g} aflxl/;s]sf] 5 .
s"n !% v]ndf #& c+ssf ;fy ly|:6f/ Sna klxnf :yfgdf t /x]sf] 5 t/ p;sf nflu dx]Gb| k'ln; Snasf] #^ c+s klg plQs} ef/L e}/x]sf] 5 . o;kl5 v]Ng' kg]{ lqe'jg cfdL{ Sna / dx]Gb| k'ln;Sna;+usf b'O{ v]nx?n] g} p;sf nflu eljZo lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . ;DejtM !* h'nfO{df x'g] k'ln; Sna;Fusf] v]n ly|:6f/sf nflu clGtd / lg0f{os x'g]5 .
clxn];Dd Pp6} v]ndf klg k/fho a]xf]g'{ gk/]sf] ly|:6f/n] s"n !% v]ndf #^ uf]n u/]/ * uf]n dfq vfPsf] 5 eg] dx]Gb| k'ln; Snan] klg ## uf]n u/]/ % uf]ndfq vfg'k/]sf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ b'a} 6Ldsf] uf]ncGt/ a/fa/ b]lvG5 . oBlk la= ;=+ @)%$ sf] lnu lah]tf ly|:6f/ Sna h:tf] ck/flht 5lj dx]Gb| k'ln; Snadf 5}g . p;n] km|]08;\ Sna;+u k/fhosf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] lyof] .
ptf klxnf]k6s lnudf k|j]z u/]sf] lqe'jg cfdL{ Snasf nflu of] k|ltof]lutf Tolt b'Mvb /x]g . t];|f] :yfgsf nflu ut;fnsf] lnu lah]tf dgfª\ d:of{ª\bL Sna;+u k|lt:kwf{df /x]sf] of] Snasf] @* c+s /x] klg dgfª\ d:of{ª\bL sf] @( c+s /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L sl7g k|lt:kwf{af6 ;'k/ l;S; r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf k|m]08;\ Sna / hfjnfv]n o'y Snasf nflu of] r/0f Tolt ;'vb\ /x]g . pgLx? qmdzM !& / !^ c+sd} lrQ a'emfpg afWo ePsf 5g\ .
olta]nf ;a}sf] Wofg lnudf ;a}eGbf al9 uf]n ug]{ v]nf8Lsf] ;Defljt cg'xf/tkm{ s]lGb|t 5 . s'g} cfZrfo{ ePg eg] of] >]o ly|:6f/sf ;/]Gb| tfdfªn] kfpg] 5g\ . clxn];Dd pgsf] efudf !^uf]nsf] sLlt{dfg /x]sf] 5 eg] dgfª\ d:of{ª\bLsf j;Gt yfkfsf] xftdf hDdf !# uf]n . ef/L k'/:sf/ ;d]t /x]sf] of] aif{sf pTs[i7 v]nf8Lx?n] ofdfxfsf] ;f}hGodf df]6/;fO{sn klg kfpg] 5g\ . laleGg If]qdf pTs[i7 v]n k|bz{g ug]{ v]nf8Lx?sf nflu of] k'/:sf/ pT;fxsf] laifo ag]sf] 5 . of] aif{sf] lnudf k|f/lDes r/0fdf g} rlr{t ag]sf cfdL{ Snasf hgdt sfsL{ h:tf v]nf8LnfO{ /fli6"o l6d;Dd k'Ug] 9f]sf v'Nnf ePsf] 5 .

y|L :6f/sf] ck/flht ofqf hf/L

ljk]Gb| sfsL{ -ldl8of KjfOG6_
sf7df8f}+ h'g @&, @))$

z'qmaf/sf] dxTjk"0f{ / /f]df~rs v]n;Fu} ly|:6f/ Snjn] /fhwfgLdf ;~rfng e}/x]sf] zxLb :df/s Pe/]i6 lnu km"6an k|ltof]lutfsf] zLif{ :yfgdf cfkm\gf] :yfg ;'/lIft agfPsf] 5 . o;cl3 g} ;'k/ l;S;sf] c+s tflnsfdf ;d]t cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] y|L:6f/n] z'qmaf/sf] v]ndf Go"/f]8 6Ld -Pgcf/6L_nfO{ b'O{ ;"Gon] k/flht u/]sf] lyof] .
Pgcf/6Ldflysf] of] lht;+u} ly|:6f/ !@ v]ndf ( lht / # a/fa/n] #) c+s a6'Ng ;kmn ePsf] 5 . clxn];Dd ck/flht /x]sf] of] 6Ldsf] lgs6 k|lt:kwf{df g]kfn k|x/Lsf] dx]Gb| k'ln; Sna /x]sf] 5 . clxn];Dd !! v]n dfq v]n]sf] k'ln; Snan] * lht @ a/fa/ / ! k/fho;Fu} @^ c+s xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .
z'qmaf/sf] v]n y|L:6f/;Fu} Pgcf/6Lsf nflu klg cToGt dxTjk"0f{ lyof] . c+s tflnsfdf ;ftf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] /x]sf] of] 6LdnfO{ ;'k/ l;S;df k|j]z ug{ of] v]n lhTg} kg]{ lyof] . t/ b'ef{Uo, /fd|f] k|bz{g ubf{ub}{ klg Pgcf/6L Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cj;/af6 al~rt x'g k'Uof] .
zlgaf/ rL/ kl/lrt k|ltåGbL dgfª d:of{ª\bL / dx]Gb| k'ln; Sna lar le8Gt x'+b}5 . lnu tflnsfsf] rf}yf] / bf];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf oL b'O{ l6dlar lautsf k|bz{gx? lgs} /f]df~rk"0f{ /xg] u/]sf lyP . b'a} 6Ld ;'k/ l;S;df k|j]z ul/;s]sfn] of] v]nsf] kl/0ffdn] c+s tflnsfdf dfq kl/jt{g Nofpg]5 .
s'n !# pTs[i7 6Ldx? ;+nUg of] …PÚ l8lehgsf] v]ndf ;'k/ ^ df k'Ug] cGo 6Ldx?df c+s tflnsfsf] t];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf] lqe'jg cfdL{ Snj, kf+rf} :yfgdf /x]sf] km|]08\; Snj tyf 5}6f}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] hfjnfv]n o'y Sna /x]sf 5g\ . PGkmf lgod cg';f/ clGtd :yfgdf /x]sf] sf7df8f}+ Snj /]lnu];gdf k/]/ …aLÚ l8lehgdf eml/;s]sf] 5 eg] nfdf] ;do kl5 …PÚ l8lehgdf pSn]sf] dxfjL/ Sna aNntNn /]lnu];gdf kg{af6 hf]luPsf] 5 .

g]kfnL lqms]6sf] s'/f ubf{

dgf]h cfrfo{
aflN6df]/, dfr{ @$, @))$

g]kfnL v]ns'bj[Qdf lqms]6sf] ;kmntf ;fdfGo 36gf ag]sf] 5 . s'g} ;do df;{n cf6{;df g]kfnn] kfpg] ;kmntfsf] syfsf] cg's/0f clxn] cfP/ lqms]6 v]nn] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] ænfhÆ arfpg] sfd lqms]6n] u/]sf] 5 .
;kmntfsf] 36gf ;fdfGo eGbf slxn]sfxL+ ;fgf]ltgf] em6\sf klg gld7f] c;kmntf aGbf]/x]5 . lqms]6sf] ;kmntfn] g]kfnL lqms]6 k|z+;sx?df æhLtÆ of æ/fd|f] k|bz{gÆ Pp6f ;fdfGo 36gfsf] ?kdf h/f] ufl8/x]sf] cfhsf] cj:yfdf klxnf] ;kmntfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg g;Sg' b'MvbfoL k|;+u ag]sf] 5 . k|;+u a+unfb]zdf cfof]hgf ePsf] !( jif{ d'gLsf] ljZjsk lqms]6 k|ltof]uLtfdf g]kfnL l6dsf] cgk]lIft c;kmntf k|bz{gsf] xf] . o;} k|ltof]uLtfsf] kl5Nnf] ;+:s/0fdf kfls:tfg h:tf] 6]i6 v]Ng dfGotf k|fKt l6dnfO{ x/fO{ ;g;gL dRrfPsf] g]kfnn] æKn]6 RoflDkogzLkÆ sf] kmfOgn dfq ub}{ g]kfnnfO{ lqms]6sf] ljZj dfglrqdf k|j]z u/]sf] lyof] . Go'hLNof08df ;DkGg ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf cfZro{do l6dsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] g]kfnL l6dsf] ;f] ;kmntf g]kfnL lqms]6sf] pSnbf] qmdsf] z'?sf] pbfx/0f lyof] . t/, o;k6s blIf0f clk|msf h:tf] z;Qm l6dnfO{ k/flht u/]/ klg Kn]6 RoflDkogzLksf] gscfp6 r/0fdf k|j]z ug{ g;Sg' g]kfnL l6dsf] b"ef{Uo /Xof] . k|ltof]uLtfdf vf;} pNn]vgLo k|bz{g ug{ g;s]sf] :s6Nof08;Fu ck|TofzLt ?kdf k/flht ePkl5 k/flht l6dx?aLr x'g] Kn]6 RoflDkogzLksf] ;]dLkmfOgdf k'Ug klg c;kmn eof] . lqms]6 kl08tx?n] lqms]6nfO{ cljZj;gLo kl/0ffdsf] v]n eGg] u/]sf]df To:sf] pbfx/0f :s6Nof08sf] g]kfn dflysf] hLtnfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 .
oBkL, g]kfnL l6dsf >Ln+sfnL k|lzIfs /f]o 8fo;n] g]kfnsf] c;kmntf g]kfnL l6dsf] v/fa k|bz{gsf sf/0f ePsf] :ki6 ul/;s]sf 5g\ . pgn] eg]sf 5g\, ækfPsf cj;/nfO{ u'dfpFbf k/fho ef]Ug'k¥of] .Æ x'g klg o;cl3sf k|ltikwf{df g]kfnn] k|fKt cj;/x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] kIfdf kfb}{ cfPsf] lyof] . k|ltikwf{Tds v]nx?df k|fKt cj;/sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;Sg' g;Sg'df l6dsf] hLt xf/sf] lg0f{o x'g] u5{ . g]kfnL l6dn] o;k6s æqmGrÆ l:yltdf tL cj;/sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;s]g .
k|ltof]uLtfdf efu lng a+unfb]z p8\g'cl3 l6dsf cg'ejL SofK6]g zlQm uf}rgn] of] l6dsf] k|z:t cg'ej /x]sf] cleJolQm lbPsf lyP . t/, of] l6ddf k|lzIfs /f]o 8fo;sf] l6Kk0fLnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg], SofK6]g uf}rgsf] egfOn] æJofs kmfo/Æ u¥of] . cg'ejL v]nf8Lx?sf] hdft\n] o; k6s æDofr'l/6LÆ k|bz{g ug{ ;s]g .
Pp6f s'/f eGg} k5{, kq klqsfdf k|sflzt ePcg';f/ O+UNof08n] g]kfnnfO{ RoflDkogzLkaf6 x6fpg blIf0f clk|msf;Fu z+sf:kb z}nLdf xf/ gvfPsf] eP g]kfnL l6dsf] d"Nof+sg of] eGbf leGb} x'g] lyof] . g]kfn klxnf]kN6 ;'k/nLudf k|j]z ub{Yof] . oBkL O+UNof08sf] blIf0f clk|msf lj?4sf] z+sf:kb elgPsf] ;f] xf/ g]kfnsf nflu ef/L kg{ uof] .
tYof+ss} s'/f ubf{ g]kfnn] k|ltof]uLtfsf] yfngL O+UNof08;Fusf] k/fhoaf6 u/]sf] lyof] eGg] cGTo klg Kn]6 RoflDkogzLksf] clGtd v]ndf c:6|]lnof;Fusf] k/fhoaf6 u/]sf] ;kmntfdf afgL k/]sfx?nfO{ g]kfnL l6dsf] a+unfb]z e|d0f ;Ddfghgs gx'g ;S5 . Kn]6 RoflDkogzLksf] bf];|f] :yfg k|fKt l6d o;k6s Kn]6 RoflDkogzLksf] ;]dLkmfOgn;Dd k'Ug ;s]g . tYout ?kdf Tof] ;kmn k|bz{gsf] ?kdf ulgG5 klg t/ l8km]lG8ª RoflDkog c:6|]lnof ;d]t Kn]6 RoflDkogzLkdf v'lDrPsf] a]nf g]kfnL l6dn] u/]sf] k|b{zg ætNnf]Æ dfGg ;lsb}g . g]kfnn] o;k6s klg blIf0f clk|msf h:tf] ;zQm l6dnfO{ x/fof] . g]kfnL l6dsf] Pp6} sdhf]/L /Xof] Tof] s] eg] pNn]vgLo pkl:ylt g} gb]vfPsf] :s6Nof08;Fu k/flht x'g k'Uof] . Tof] k/fho g} g]kfnL l6dsf nflu 7"nf] uNtL aGg k'Uof] .

g]kfnn] ;fkm v]ns'bdf efu lng] ef]

dgf]h cfrfo{
dfr{ !%, @))$

cGttM kfls:tfgdf cfof]hgf x'g] gjf}+ ;fkm v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] efu lng kfpg] eof] . lgjf{lrt g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6LnfO{ ;/sf/n] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf k|zf;gdf u/]/sf] btf{nfO{ vf/]hL ub}{ vftf /f]Ssf ;lxt sfo{ ug{af6 aGb]h nufPkl5 cGt/f{li6|o cf]nlDks sld6Ln] ;/sf/nfO{ r]tfjgL ;lxt cf]nlDks v]ns'bdf ;xeflutf x'g g;Sg] kq k|bfg u/]kl5 g]kfnL l6dsf] ;fkm ;xeflutf cGof}n ag]sf] lyof] .
?SdzDz]/ /f0ffsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] ;f] cf]nlDks sld6LnfO{ ;/sf/n] dfGotf glbP g]kfnsf] ;fkm ;xeflutf x'g g;Sg] kl/kq cGt/f{li6|o cf]nlDks sld6Lsf k|ltlglwn] ;/sf/nfO{ o;cl3 a'emfPsf lyP . clxn] cfP/ ;/sf/n] btf{ vf/]hL u/]sf] g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6LnfO{ ;fkm ;xeflutfsf] nflu kqrf/sf] nflu :jLs[lt lbPkl5 g]kfnsf] ;fkm ;xeflutf ;+ej ePsf] xf] .
k|sflzt k|ltj]bgcg';f/ btf{ vf/]hLdf k/]sf] g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6Lsf cWoIf ?SdzDz]/ /f0ffn] ;/sf/n] cfkm"x?nfO{ kqfrf/ ug{ cf}krfl/s cfu|x u/]kl5 ;a} s'/f la;L{ ;fkm ;xeflutfsf] lglDt cfkm"x?n] sfo{ k|f/De u/]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . of] n]v k|sflzt x'Fbf;Dd g]kfnsf] ;fkm ;xeflutfsf] z+sf lgSof}{n eO;Sg] 5 .
?SdzDz]/ /f0ff / /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf ;b:o ;lrj lszf]/axfb'/ l;+xaLrsf] æOuf]Æ sf ;fy ljjfbf:kb ag]/ ;fkm v]ns'bsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ ;d]t k|ToIf c;/ kf/]sf] cf]nlDks sld6L ljjfb sd;]sd s]xL If0fsf nflu eP klg dTy/ ePsf] 5 . o; 36gfn] æd]/f] uf]?sf] afx|} 6SsfÆ eGg] ;f]r 5 eGg] pbfx/0f dfq b]vfPsf] 5}g . g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] ;+:yfut :j?kdf klg 7"nf] sdhf]/L 5 eGg] :ki6} kf/]sf] 5 . /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ / g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6Ldf b'O{ leGbf leGb} JolQm x'Fbf ;w}+ dt leGgtf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cf]nlDks sld6L cGt/f{li6|o ;Dks{df x'g] ub{5 eg] /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/if\bn] v]nf8Lx?;Fu k|ToIf ;Dks{ /fVb5 . clxn]sf] l;gfl/of]df em}+ /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ / g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6LaLr kfgL af/faf/sf] l:yltdf ;aeGbf kLl8t v]nf8L x'g] ub{5g\ . o;}sf/0f klg g]kfnL v]ns'bdf v]nclwsf/Lx?sf] lvrftfgLdf sdL Nofpg gofF v]ns'b gLltsf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 Nofpg' h?/L 5 . v]ns'b ;+3 ;+:yfx? alnof] ag]sf] cj:yfdf /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf] cf}lrTo 5}g . g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6L klg æsf]7] lgjf{rgÆaf6 geO{ ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 lgjf{rg x'g h?/L 5 . o;f] ePdf ;+3 ;+:yf cf]nlDks sld6Lk|lt / cf]nlDks sld6L ;+3 ;+:yfk|lt hjfkmb]xL aGg] x'g\ . gLltut ?kdf v]nf8Lx?sf] nflu Tof] eGbf /fd|f] cj:yf gx'g ;S5 .

:kf]6{\; g]kfn cf]nlDks Do'lhodsf] ;lqmotf

dgf]h cfrfo{
aflN6df]/ km]j|'c/L @!, @))$

æg]kfndf klg v]ns'b Do'lhod 5 / <Æ k+lQmsf/n] g]kfnsf] v]ns'b Do'lhodsf] af/]df s'/f ub{ o:tf k|Zgx? ;'Gg' :jefljs} ag]sf] 5 . tYo s] xf] eg] g]kfndf v]ns'b Do'lhod 5 / Tof] :yflkt gfdsf] ?kdf cufl8 cfO/x]sf] 5 . oBkL, To;n] hlt rrf{ kfpg'kg]{ xf] Tolt kfpg ;s]sf] eg] 5}g .
;g\ !((( sf] sf7dff8f}+ ;fkm v]ns'bsf] ;dodf ljlwjt\ ?kdf z'? ePsf] :kf]6{;\ g]kfn cf]nlDks Do'lhod u}/ ;/sf/L JolQmut kxnsf] pbfx/0f xf] . g]kfnL v]ns'b If]q;Fu ;DalGwt b'n{e / k|]/0ffbfoL ;fdfu|Lx? /x]sf] Tof] Do'lhod o; ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks cWoIf lIflth c?0f >]i7sf] JolQmut cf+sfIffsf] pkh xf] eGbf km/s kb}{g . xfn /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ xftfleq /x]sf] ;f] Do'lhoddf b"n{e t:jL/b]lv g]kfnL v]n gfos gflosfsf] pknAwLx? ;+u|lxt 5g\ . jf:tjdf Tolt nfdf] Oltxf; gePsf] g]kfnL v]ns'b If]qsf] ljsf; qmdsf] of] Do'lhodn] /fd|f] k|:t'tL b]vfPsf] 5 .lIflth c?0f >]i7 :j+od\ v]n kmf]6f] kqsf/ ePsf gftfn] Do'lhodnfO{ t:jL/ ljefudf yk kmfObf k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .
k|;+u clnslt df]8f}+, oxL :kf]6{\; g]kfn cf]nlDks Do'lhodn] cfkm\gf] ;lqmotfnfO{ ;+u|fnodf ;Lldt gu/L cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . Do'lhodn] s]xL ;do cufl8 sf7df8f}+df /x]sf] ;~rf/ ;+:yfaLr k|ltikwf{Tds km'6an k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]z0fdf cfkm\gf] pTs[i6tf ;fljt ug]{ xf]8df ;w}+ k|ltikwf{ ul//xg] oL ;+:yfx?aLr v]n d}bfgsf] k|ltikwf{sf] gh/ cGbfh ug{ ldNb}g . o;sf] lglDt lIflth c?0f >]i7 / sDkgL wGojfbsf kfq 5g\ . of] k|of; g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] ljsf;df nflu k/]sf ;a} ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] nflu pbfx/0f x'g ;S5g\ . clg Do'lhodsf] of] ;lqmotfn] cfufdL lbgdf g]kfndf klg v]ns'b Do'lhod 5 / < eGg] k|Zgx?sf] /fd|f] hjfkm lbg]5 eGg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .

;fx;L zfxnfO{ ;nfd

;j{lht u'?ª
km]j|'c/L @!, @))$

æaln/x]sf] cfuf]n] eGbf yk|f]sf] tftf]n] kf]Nbf c;x\o x'G5 /] .Æ of] syg sltsf] ;lx x'G5 of] a]Un} kIf xf] .
d}n] oxfF p7fpg vf]h]sf] syg klg To:t} 5 . d]/f] syg v/fgLsf] y'k|f] dfq xf]Og cjt lrl:;;s]sf] 5 . o;} O{klqsfdfkm{t\ k|d'v :tDesf/ dgf]h cfrfo{n] ;+od Pj+ ;/ntfsf ;fy cfjfh p7fO;s]sf 5g\ . o;af/] yk hfgsf/L lbg] x]t'n] d}n] snd rnfpg] hdsf]{ u/]sf] x'F .
3/sf] w'/L p7fpg' vDaf t uf8\g} k5{ Sof/ .
kqsf/ lkl6g', y'lgg' h:tf 3[l0ft Pj+ lgGbgLo 36gf x'g' g]kfn h:tf] t];|f] d'n'sdf ;fdfGo g} eO;s]sf] 5 . Toltdfq eP/ kqsf/n] Hofgsf] wDsL kfpg' jf dfl/g' kgl ca t lbgrof{ eO;s]sf] 5 . cfhsf] g]kfnsf] k|hftGq g} w/f;foL x'g] ;+s6fj:yfdf ;fwf/0f gful/sn] t Hofg xy]nLdf /fv]/ lx8\g'k5{ eg] /fi6| / hgtfsf] cfjfh p7fpFb} lx8\g] kqsf/sf] lglDt o:tf b'3{6gfx? lemgf dl;gf dfq x'g ;S5g\ . cbDo ;fx; / hf]lvdtf af]Sg], cGofo / cTofrf/ lj?4 cu|k+lQdf /xg] kqsf/n] g]kfnsf] jt{dfg sxfnLnfUbf] kl/l:yltdf Psflt/ k|tf8gf em]ln/xg'k/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbLaf6 klg Tolts} ;ts{ eP/ snd rnfpg'k/]sf] 5 . o;/L ;b}j ef}lts kL8f Pj+ dfgl;s oftgf ef]lu/x]sf sndhLjLx?n] u'08fubL{af6 klg cfkm"nfO{ arfpg'kg]{ l:ylt klg Tolts} 68\sf/f] ?kdf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .
o;} k|;+udf s]xL dlxgfcl3 dfq /fhwfgL b}lgssf v]nkqsf/ lbg]zh+u zfx clvn g]kfn km'6an ;+3 -PGkmf_sf cWoIf u0f]z yfkf / pgsf dltof/4f/f ddf{lxt x'g] u/L lkl6P . g]kfnsf] ;]tf] xfQL 7flgg] /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ -/fv]k_ af6 /sd lnP/ k5{\of}{6 gug]{x?df PGkmfsf cWoIf yfkfsf] gfd klg /fhwfgL klqsfdf k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . zfxn] lgle{stf / lgikIftfk"j{s /fv]kfaf6 k|fKt ;|f]t cg';f/ pQm n]v k|sflzt u/fPsf lyP .
h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k pgn] bz/y /+uzfnfdf cWoIf u0f]z yfkf, dl0f s'Fj/4f/f lk6fO vfg'k/]sf] xf] . yfkf4f/f zfxn] lk6fO vfg' of] k+lQsf/nfO{ gf}nf] s'/f] xf]Og . lsgeg] u0f]z yfkfsf] Oltxf; g} o:tf sfnfs/t'tn] el/Psf] 5 .
;g\ !(($ df a+unfb]zdf ;DkGg kfrf}+ ;fkm km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g] g]kfnL l6ddf cfkm\gf] gfd ;dfj]; gePkl5 yfkfn] lj/f6h+u zfx -xfn PGkmfsf sf]iffWoIf_ ;Fu ldn]/ tTsfnLg /fli6|o sf]r wgaxfb'/ a:g]tnfO{ d/0ff;Gg x'g]u/L lk6]sf lyP . 1ftJo /xf];\ls pQm /fli6|o 6f]nL cfkm\gf] e"ld aflx/ klxnf] k6s RoflDkog aGg ;kmn ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;g\ !((* df u0f]z yfkfsf] PGkmfdf cfly{s lxgfldgfsf] rrf{ ub}{ pgsf] xflnd'xfnL af/] ælxdfnÆ va/ klqsfdf ;dfrf/ k|sfzgkl5 kf6g9f]sfl:yt lxdfnsf] sfof{nodf bnan;lxt pgsf] k|j]; / ;Dkfbsdfly xftkft ug]{ s'k|of; klg tfh}5 . To:t} sl/a # jif{cl3 sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf u0f]z yfkfsf] PGkmfdf wfFwnLk"0f{ lgjf{rgsf] k"j{ tof/L eGg] ;dfrf/ k|sfzg ePsf] lyof] . tTkZrft\ pgL cfkm\gf em'08 ;lxt sflGtk'/ sfof{nodf uO{ pQm ;dfrf/sf ;+jfbbftfnfO{ ;f] klAns]zG;af6 lgisfzg ug{ klg kl5 k/]gg\ .
log} ofjt sf/0fn] ubf{ u'08fubL{ / bfbflu/Lsf] sfnf] Oltxf; af]s]sf yfkfn] kqsf/ zfxnfO{ lk6\g' of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ gf}nf] gnfu]sf] xf] . kqsf/ zfxnfO{ lk6]kl5 yfkf cfkm\gf] pxL k'/fgf] k|bz{g ub}{ u'08fx?sf] d08n lnP/ /fhwfgL klqsfsf] sfof{nodf uO{ tf]8kmf]8 ug]{ wDsL lbg klg kl5 k/]gg\ . yfkfsf] ;f] wDsLk"0f{ r]tfjgL eGg] ;dfrf/ of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ g]kfn hfkfg 86sdaf6 k|fKt ePsf] xf] . yfkfaf6 tf]8km]f8 ul/g] ;f] wDsLk"0f{ ;dfrf/ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg gDa/ Ps 7fGg] klqsfdf lsg 5flkPg < of] ;s;s nfUbf] s'/fsf] lhlnuf+7L nfd} 5 .
o;k6s eg] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 klg uNtL ePsf] 7fGb} yfkfn] Ifdfofrgf dfu]sf 5g\ . t/ of] Ifdf ofrgfnfO{ ;fFkn] sfFr'nL dfq km]/]sf x'g\ eGg] nfu]sf] 5, of] k+lQmsf/nfO{
/fk|kfsf dxf;lrj Pj+ ;+rf/dGqL sdn yfkfn] kb / :yfgsf] nflu sltk6s lha|f] km]/] of] ;a{ljlbt} 5 . u0f]z yfkf ltg} sdn yfkfsf ;xf]b/ efO x'g\ . cflv Pp6} 8\ofª\sf d"nf g x'g\ .
oxfFg]/ pgsf] dflkm dfUbfsf] afSofFz æd g]kfnsf] km'6an ljsf; lglDt h] klg ug{ tof/ 5'Æ nfO{ dgg ug]{ xf] eg] æxfQLsf] b]vfpg] bfFtÆ x'G5 eGg] egfO klg o'lQm;+ut x'g cfpF5 . cyf{t\ km'6an ljsf; lglDt kqsf/ s'6\g', klqsfsf] sfof{no tf]8km]f8 ug'{ pgsf] ;fdfGo sfo{ljlwdf k5{ eGg] a'lemb}g / <
pgsf] IfdfofrgfnfO{ /fhwfgL klqsf jf :jo+ kqsf/ zfx g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] s'g b[li6sf]0fn] lnPsf] 5 t/ l;s]nfn -lxdfn c+s_ sf] egfO æg]kfnsf nDk6 kqsf/sf] rl/q====Æh:tf] gxf];\ eGg] ;'emfj 5 .

g]kfnL lqms]6 pSnf]bf] 5

dgf]h cfrfo{
hgj/L #!, @))$

g]kfnL v]ns'bdf ;kmntfsf] k|;+u k|fKt ug{ ufx|f] aGb} uPsf] 5 . v]ns'bleq ljs[lt df}nfPsf] clxn]sf] l:yltdf ;kmntfsf] 36gf cfkm}+df uf}/jk"0f{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . htftt} c;kmntf dfq} xft k/]sf] a]nf g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] OHht hf]ufpg] sfd lqms]6n] u/]sf] 5 . ljut tLg jif{b]lv g]kfnL v]ns'bn] xft kf/]sf] ;Lldt ;kmntfsf] >]o lqms]6nfO{ hfG5 .
klxn] !( jlif{o o'jfx?n] cfkm\g} æxf]d u|fp08Ædf Pl;ofnL o'y RoflDkogzLk xfl;n u/] . To;kl5 c08/ !( o'y jN8{ skdf kfls:tfg h:tf] ;Ddflgt lqms]6 /fi6|sf] ;d"xnfO{ k/flht ub}{ Kn]6 RoflDkogzLksf] kmfOgndf k|j]z u/]/ g]kfnnfO{ lqms]6sf] dfglrqdf k|j]z u/fP . of] ;kmntfsf] l;sf] ub}{ g]kfnL /fli6|o l6dn] l;+ufk'/df 6]i6 gv]Ng] /fi6|x?aLrsf] Pl;og skdf kmfOgndf k|j]z u/]/ lqms]6df g]kfnsf] ;kmntf æˆNo'sÆgePsf] k|dfl0ft u¥of] . clxn] kfnf] c08/ !& l6dsf] 5 . ef/tsf ljleGg zx/df ;~rfng eO/x]sf c08/ !& Pl;og RoflDkogzLkdf g]kfnn] ;a} v]ndf ;kmntf k|fKt u/L bf];|f] r/0fsf] k|ltikwf{df cfkm"nfO{ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . bf];|f] r/0fsf] k|ltikwf{df g]kfnn] 6]i6 v]Ng] Pl;ofnL /fi6|x?sf ;fy cfkm\gf] pTs[i6tfsf] dfkg ug]{5 . bf];|f] r/0fdf g]kfnL o'jfx?sf] k|b{zg h:tf] ePklg ToxfF;Ddsf] ofqfnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf klg oL slnnf o'jfx?sf] k|bz{gnfO{ pNn]vgLo dfGg'k5{ . klxnf c08/ !(, To;kl5 /fli6|o l6d / clxn] c08/ !& l6dsf] ultnf] k|bz{gn] lqms]6a[Qdf g]kfn æ/fOlhª:6f/Æ sf] ?kdf plePsf] 5 . w]/}nfO{ crDd nfUg ;S5, lqms]6sf] ;jf]{Rr ;+:yf cfO{;L;Ln] Pl;ofaf6 Pslbj;Lo v]n v]Ng kfpg] ;+efljt /fi6|sf] ;"rLdf g]kfnnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy /fv]sf] 5 . cyf{t\, oxL ultdf g]kfnsf] ;kmntfsf] qmd hf/L /x]df g]kfn s]xL jif{df Ps lbj;Lo Dofr v]Ng dfGotf k|fKt /fi6|sf] ?kdf pleg] 5 . t/, o;sf nflu cem} w]/} k|ltof]lutfdf pNn]vgLo k|bz{g ug{' h?/L 5 . oBkL, g]kfnL v]ns'b If]qdf cfzfsf] ls/0f eg]sf] lqms]6 dfq xf] eGbf Tolt km/s gkg]{ ePsf] 5 .

v]n clwsf/L4f/f v]n kqsf/dfly xftkft

dgf]h cfrfo{
hgj/L @#, @))$

s]xL ;docl3 g]kfndf Ps k|ltli7t b}lgs klqsfsf lhDj]jf/ v]ns'b kqsf/ Ps lhDj]jf/ v]n clwsf/Lsf] pkl:yltdf xftkftsf] lzsf/ ag] . of] 36gfnfO{ k|To]s JolQmn] cfkm\g} 9+un] d"Nof+sg u/] . xftkftsf] 36gf cfkm}+df Pp6f ;x\o tYo x'g ;Sb}g . dfgjLo ;EotfnfO{ g} r'gf}lt lbg] Tof] 36gfnfO{ ;xL eg]/ cf+sng ug]{ 7fpF klg lyPg . t/, Tof] lhDj]jf/ JolQmsf] u}/ lhDj]jf/L k|bz{gnfO{ s:tf] 9+un] x]g]{ eGg] ;jfndf dfkgsf] l8u|L eg] s]xL km/s x'g ;S5 .
k|;+u v]n kqsf/ lbg]zh+u zfxdfly clvn g]kfn km"6an ;+3sf cWoIf u0f]z yfkfsf] pkl:yltdf ul/Psf] xftkftsf] 36gf xf] . of] k+lQmsf/n] o; ;DaGwdf snd rnfpg'cl3 g} b'j} kIfaLr ;dembf/L eO;s]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . To;}n] o;sf] kl/0ffdsf] cy{ dxTjk"0f{ gx'g ;S5 . t/, of] 36gfsf] ;+s]t eg] lgSs} u+eL/ x'g ;S5 . g]kfnL v]ns'b j[Qdf v]n clwsf/Lx?af6 v]n kqsf/x?dfly xdnfsf 36gfx? x'Fb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . sltko wDsLdf ;Lldt o:tf 36gfx? ha xdnfdf g} k|]l/t x'G5g\ ta sndhLjLx?n] Psk6s /fd|} ;f]Rg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . lbg]zh+u zfxdflysf] of] xftkftsf] 36gfn] km]/L Psk6s v]nkqsf/x? ;'/lIft 5|}gg\ eGg] tYo phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . tYok"0f{ / v]fhd"ns ;fdu|L klqsfdf k|sflzt ubf{ xftkftsf] lzsf/ x'g'kg]{ of] cj:yfnfO{ s;/L kf/ ug]{ eGg] r'gf}lt klg b]vfPsf] 5 . o;sf] lglDt v]n kqsf/x?sf] ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] k"jf{u|xaf6 6f8f /xL ;femf xn lgsfNg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{5 . tYout cfwf/ s]xL geP klg ;fob v]n kqsf/x?sf] ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ;+:yfut ;f]rsf ;fy sfo{ ug{ g;s]sf]n] klg v]n kqsf/x? af/Daf/ cfqmd0f / wDsLsf] lzsf/ ePsf x'g ;S5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf Pp6f ultnf] pbfx/0f g} 5, a]d]nsf] kl/jf/dfly aflx/sf JolQmn] cfqmd0f ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .

cf]nlDks sld6Lsf] btf{ vf/]h

dgf]h cfrfo{
hgj/L @#, @))$

;/sf/n] ljjfbf:kb g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6Lsf] btf{ vf/]h u/]/ klxn] g} ljjfbf:kb ag]sf] ;f] ;+:yfnfo{ cj}wflgs agfPsf] 5 . ca, g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6Lsf] g]kfndf s'g} j}wflgstf /xg]5}g, t/ /dfOnf] k|;+u Tof] ;+:yfnfO{ cGt/f{li6|o cf]nlDks sld6Lsf] dfGotf k|fKt 5 . ?SdzDz]/ /f0ffsf] cWoIftfdf /x]sf] ;f] sld6Ln] uf]Ko r'gfj u/L gofF sld6L u7g u/]kl5 /fli6|o v]ns'b kl/ifb\n] ;f] lgjf{rgnfO{ cj}w 7x/ u/]/ ljjfb rsf{Psf] lyof] . ;f] ljjfb JolQmut æO{uf]Æ sf sf/0f a9\b} uP/ ;+:yf btf{ vf/]hL;Dd k'u]sf] 5 . ?SdzDz]/ /f0ff ;d"x / v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf ;lrj lszf]/axfb'/ l;+x ;d'xsf] of] ækfj/ :6|unÆsf] lzsf/ eg] g]kfnL v]ns'b cGt/f{li6|o ;Dks{ 6'6\g] ;+efjgfsf ;fy csf]{ em6\sf ;xg'kg]{ ;+3f/df ys]lnPsf] 5 . of] g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] nflu csf]{ Ps b"ef{Uok"0f{ l:ylt xf] .

k/fho / knfogsf] kL8fleq g]kfnL km"6an

;j{lht u'?ª
l8;]Da/ @), @))#

;dosf] kl/jt{g;Fu} x/]s s'/fdf cf/f]x0f ca/f]x0f x'g' :jefljs} xf] t/ o; s'/fnO{ g]kfnL km"6an;Fu hf]8\g] xf] eg] c:jefljs nfUg ;S5 . cyf{t\ ljho eGbf klg k/fhosf] sLlt{dfgn] 9flsb} u/]sf] g]kfnL km"6ansf] Oltxf; ;'Gbf / k9\bf æca/f]x0fÆ dfqsf] æclen]vfnoÆ aGg ;S5 .
xfn} blIf0f sf]l/ofdf g]kfnn] ef]u]sf] nHhf:kb k/fho -;"Gosf] lj?4 !^_ nfO{ hf]8\bf dflysf] k|;+u rNg cfPsf] xf] . x'g t g]kfnL km"6ansf] ljsf;sf] qmdnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] pQm xf/ c;dfGo / c:jfefljs eg] k6Ss} xf]Og .
s]xL ;Ktfxf cl3 dfq o'/f]lkog RoflDkoG; lnu cGt/ut ePsf] Ps k|ltof]lutfdf k|mfG;sf] df]gfsf]n] :k]lgz nLusf] gDa/ Psdf ;+3if{/t ub}{ RoflDkolG;ksf] Oltxf;df g} klxnf] ef/L uf]n -!!_sf] v]n ;+1f k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . To:tf] ljZj :tl/o k|ltof]lutfdf t !! uf]n x'G5 eg] g]kfn blIf0f sf]l/of h:tf] alnfof] l6d;Fu !^ uf]nn] xfg'{ c;lhnf] eP tfklg krfpg' ;lsG5 Sof/ . t/ Wofgof]Uo s'/f] s] 5 eg] blIf0f sf]l/of k|:yfg cl3 k|lzIfs dx]Zj/ d'NdL / Joj:yfks nlnts[i0f >]i7n] g]kfnsf] leotgfdnfO{ k/flht ug]{ nIo /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . ljZj km"6an jl/otf qmddf (* gDj/df /x]sf] leotgfd, dn]l;of, yfONo}08, O08f]g]l;of h:tf] /fi6| ;dfj]; /x]sf] 6fOu/ sk km"6an RoflDkog alg;;s]sf] 5 . o;/L g]kfnL km"6an lj1x? km"6an eGbf klg clvn g]kfn km"6an ;+3 -PGkmf+_ df cfkm\gf] :yfgnfO{ tx nufP/ h] eGg klg tof/ /x]sf] efg k5{ . lkmkmf jl/otf qmddf !^@ cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] g]kfnn] ckmuflg:tfg h:t]f rf]6u|:t l6dnfO{ cfkm\g} e"lddf ljleGg ætslgsÆ ckgfP/ x/fPsf] lyof] . To:tf] l6dn] leotgfdnfO{ k/flht ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] ;'Gbf of] k+lQmsf/ ælkm:;ÆxfF:g afx]s s] ug{ ;SYof] / <
o;} ;Gbe{df csf{ lj1 jfO{ jL 3n] k/fhosf] sf/0f v]nf8Lx?sf] knfog / 5f]6f] ;dosf] cEof; xf] eG5g\ . -tLg v]nf8L blIf0f sf]l/ofdf x/fPsf lyP ._ g]kfnL l6d xfg'{df dfgl;s tgfjeGbf klg ef}lts cefj / zfl/l/s b'j{ntfn] u|:t g]kfnL l6dnfO{ hNbf]aNbf] sf/0f cWoIf u0f]z yfkf SofDkaf6 kfpg' eg]sf] afudltdf g'xfP/ ;kmf x'g' vf]Hg' h:t} xf] . cyf{t\ :jefljs / jf:tljs xf/sf sf/0f vf]Hg' eg]sf] cfkm\gf] kbdf yfkfsf] ss]{ gh/ kg'{ xf] .
km"6an ;d|f6 k]n]n] 8]la8 as{xdnfO{ v]nf8L eGbf klg a9L ædf]8nÆ nfU5g\ eg]/ 3f]r]sf lyP . O+UNof08sf sKtfg / ztfAbLsf] l6d 3f]lift æl/dn Dofl8|8Æ sf ld8 lkmN8/ a]sxdaf/] o:tf] k|ltlqmof hgfP/ k]n] /fd|f v]nf8L lyP gls ælj1Æ x'g eGg] yfxf nfUb5 . PGkmfdf k]n] h:t} y'k|} ælj1x?Æ kfOG5g\ .
k|;+uj; Psk6s :j= k|lzIfs s]bf/ >]i7nfO{ g]kfnL l6d ljb]zdf lsg y'k|} uf]n vfP/ xf5{ eGg] k|Zgdf hjfkm lbg'x'GYof] æaflx/ hfg kfP eOxfNof] lg Æ s] t g]kfnsf] nIo aflx/ hfg'dfq xf] < aflx/ hfgnfO{ dfq cfkm\gf] b]zdf b'Anf] l6dx?sf] k|yd r/0sf] 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ug{ g]kfn cl3 ;/]sf] xf] ls < Pl;ofnL sk 5gf}6df blIf0f sf]l/of / cf]dfg hfg cl3 g]kfndf ;DkGg klxnf] r/0fsf] k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] s:tf] s"6g}lts v]n ckgfPsf] lyof] eg] z+sf ug]{ 7fpF lgSs} km/flsnf] ePsf] 5 . g]kfn lj?4sf] Dofrdf ckmuflg:tfgn] hd{gLdf rf/ hgf v]Ng] Jofj;flos v]nf8LnfO{ cg'zfgsf] sf]/f{ nufP/ bz{s /+uzfnfsf] Kof/flkm6df d's bz{s agfPsf] lyof] . o;afkt ckmufgL sf]r jf cfkm{l;onn] PGkmfaf6 s] s:tf ;'ljwf k|fKt u/] xf]nfg\ Tof] t ævf]h tnf;Æsf] 5]pdf klg gk'Unf t/ blIf0f sf]l/ofdf ePsf] xf/n] PGkmfsf oL ;s'gLx?nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd kf7 l;sfpg' knf{ ls <
s]xL jif{cl3 leotgfddf ;DkGg -!^ jif{eGbf d'lg_ km"6an k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] a9L pd]/sf v]nf8L v]nfpgfn] lgnDajg / !) xhf/ ef6 hl/jfgf em]Ng'k/]sf] lyof] . pQm nHhf:kb xf/sf] rf]6af6 56kl6Psf] g]kfn blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] ofqfaf6 emg\ lklN;Psf] 5 .
s]xL dlxgfcl3;Dd b]lvPsf] km"6an ljjfbsf] sf/0f g]kfnL km"6andf ult/f]w cfPsf]n] pQm Pl;ofnL 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] w]/}sf] cGt/n] xfg'{k/]sf] sf/0f klg kbflwsf/Lx? b]vfpg ;S5g\ . pQm km"6an ljjfb -b'O{ ;dfgfGt/ km"6an ;+3 :yflkt_ em08} b'O{ jif{ rn]sf] lyof] . t/ k|yd ;fkm -!((&_ km"6an k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfn lnu r/0faf6 g} aflx/Psf] lyof] . PGkmfsf k"j{ dxf;ljr nf]saxfb'/ zfxLsf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] km"6an ljsf;df lg:t]hkgf xf]Og cGo /fi6|sf] km"6andf ljsf; ePsf] sf/0f To:tf] kl/0ffd lgl:sPsf] lyof] . tTsflng cj:yfdf km"6andf ljjfb plAhPsf] lyPg .
o;}aLr PGkmfn] ljZjsk km"6ansf] 5gf}6 r/0f cGtu{t u'cfd lj?4 k|ltof]lutf v]Ng ghfg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;f]ndf !^ uf]n vfPsf] / g]kfnL km6"ansf] k|bz{gnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} pQm lg0f{o ul/Psf] s'/f PGkmfn] hgfPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} v]nf8L aLrsf] Pstf / k};fsf] cefjsf] sf/0f klg u'cfd e|d0f /2 ul/Psf] hgfO;lsPsf] 5 . hxfF;Dd v]nf8Lsf] d}bfg leqsf] ;dGjo 5, To;sf] hfgsf/L t ;a{ljlbt} 5 . t/ d}bfg aflx/sf] Pstf klg olt rfF8} cg]stf kl/jt{g ePsf] ;'g]/ v]nf8L ;+3sf] :yfkgfdf g} k|Zg p7\g yfn]sf] 5 . km"6an ;+3 ljjfbf:kb x'g uPsf]n] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ug{ v]nf8Lx?n] rf/ jif{ cl3 pQm v]nf8L ;+3 u7g u/]sf lyP .
PGkmfn] u'cfd lj?4sf] k|ltof]lutf /2 ug'{kg]{ sf/0fdWo] k};fsf] cefj klg hgfPsf] 5 . t/ of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ km"6an v]nk|]dLnfO{ x]Ssf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 ls ;g\ !((* df k|mfG;df ;DkGg ljZj sk km"6an kl5 ljZj km"6an dxf;+3 / -lkmkmf_n] km"6an ljsf; x]t' s]xL /fi6|nfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . lkmkmfn] ;xof]ufy{ /sd :j?k k|To]s /fi6|nfO{ Ps ldlnog 8n/ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . pQm ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ ljZjsf ljleGg /fi6|dWo] g]kfn klg kb{5 . k|To]s rf/ jif{df k|bfg ul/g] pQm ;xof]u g]kfndf hf/L g} /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .
CGTodf, g]kfnL km"6ann] ta;Dd k/fho / knfogsf] kL8f ef]lu/xg'kg]{5 ha;Dd PGkmf / l;+uf] /fi6|n] v]nf8Lx?sf] jt{dfg / eljiok|lt v]naf8 ul//xg]5 .

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klxnf] v]ndf z'Go-;f]x| . of] a];an v]nsf] k|ltli7t l6d Go'of]s{ oflGsh / cd]l/sg a];an nLusf] k'5f/df /x]sf] 6Ld aLrsf] a];an k|ltikwf{sf] glthf x}g . of] xfn} sf]l/ofdf ;DkGg Pl;og km'6an roflDkogzLk -Pl;og sk_ 5gf}6 r/0fsf] bf];|f] n]usf tLg v]ndf g]kfnn] xft kf/]sf] kl/0ffd xf] . o;sf] ;fy ;fy} g]kfnL l6dn] tLg hgf g]kfnL v]nf8LnfO{ klg sf]l/ofdf u'dfof] . tLg v]ndf hDdf @* uf]n / tLg v]nf8L sf]l/ofd} n's]sf] of] 36gf g]kfnL km'6ansf] Oltxf;df ;aeGbf b'Mvb kl/0ffd xf] .
clvn g]kfn km'6an ;+3sf jt{dfg cWoIf u0f]z yfkfn] cfkm\gf] ;lqmo km'6an hLjgsf] v]nx?sf] rrf{ ubf{ hlxn] klg cGt/f{li6|o k|ltikwf{x?df g]kfnL l6dn] cfqmds z}nL ckgfpFbf y'k|} uf]n vfg' k/]sf] rrf{ ug]{ u5{g\ . t/, o; k6ssf] g]kfnL l6dn] Tof] æcfqmdsÆ z}nLsf] ua{ ;fy j0f{g ug{ klg gkfpg] ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL l6dn] cf]dfg, leotgfd / sf]l/of lj?4sf x/]s v]ndf /IffTds z}nL ckgfpFbf ckgfpFb} z'?s} ;dodf k/fhfosf nflu kof{Kt uf]n vfPsf] lyof] . g]kfnn] cf]dfg lj?4 z'?sf] @% ldg]6df kfFr uf]n, leotgfd lj?4 z'?sf] #^ ldg]6df rf/ uf]n / sf]l/of lj?4 @& ldg]6df kfFr uf]n vfg'n] g]kfnL l6dsf] æv/fjÆ z'?jftsf] :ki6 ;+s]t ub{5 . of] nfhdbf]{ k|bz{gnfO{ æ3fpdf g'gÆ 5s{g] sfd bLks nfdf, gf/fo0f dfgGw/ / z'qmdfg tfdfªn] u/] . g]kfnL km'6an l6daf6 cfkm\gf] eljZo gb]v]kl5 /fi6|sf pTs[i6 !* v]nf8LdWo]sf oL tLg v]nf8Ln] k|ltikwf{ ;~rfng eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf l6d;Fu ;Dks{ kl/Tofu u/L sf]l/ofdf g} knfog eP . sf]l/ofdf Pl;ofnL v]nf8Lx? x/fpg' s'g} 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . To;dfly klg g]kfnL v]nf8Lsf nflu sfl/of pj{/ e"ld aGb} cfPsf] 5 . of] g]kfnL v]nf8L x/fpg] qmdsf] csf]{ >[+vnf xf] . kl5Nnf] k6s ut jif{ ;DkGg Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf ;xefuL g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?dWo] kfFr hgfn] sf]l/ofdf g} cfˆgf] eljZo vf]Hg] lg0f{ u/]sf lyP .
ca s] t < PGkmfn] cfˆgf] nfrf/L k|:t't ug]{ qmddf cg]s lgx'F agfpg] 5 . t/ of] clt g} æb"ef{Uok"0f{ P]ltxfl;sÆ v/fa k|bz{gsf] lhDd]jf/L PGkmfn] lng'k5{ . u0f]z yfkfsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] PGkmfsf] sfo{sfnsf] of] csf]{ v/fa k|bz{g xf] . /, o;sf] g}lts lhDd]jf/L u0f]z yfkfn] lng'k5{ . olb, l6d k'glgdf{0fsf] ;f]+r agfpg' 5 eg] ca of] eGbf pQd cj;/ k|fKt gxf]nf . PGkmfn] o;tkm{ kfOnf a9fpg'k5{ . o;sf] cltl/Qm of] kl/0ffdn] g]kfnL km'6an sxfF plePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] klg :ki6 ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL km'6an blIf0f Pl;ofnL :t/eGbf dfly pSng ;s]sf] 5}g . /, kl5Nnf kl/0ffdx?n] g]kfnL l6d blIf0f Pl;ofdf g} klg v:sbf] l:yltdf /x]sf / ljutdf elgg] ul/Pem}+ ækfj/ xfp;Æ sf] glhs gePsf] :ki6 ePsf] 5 .
of] v/fa k|bz{g g]kfnL km'6an hutsf] lglDt Ps csf]{ gld7f] em6\sf xf] .
k|;+ua;, 5fkfx?df g]kfnL l6dsf jt{dfg k|lzIfs dx]Zj/ d'NdL efUozfnL sf]r ePsfn] sf]l/ofdf g]kfnL l6dsf] /fd|f] k|bz{gsf] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cfzosf ;dfrf/x? k|ltof]lutf k"j{ ;Dk|]z0f ePsf lyP . lglZrt ?kdf k'/fgf tYof+sn] Tof] s'/fsf] ememNsf] u/fpFYof] klg . t/, ca Tof] egfOdf kl/jt{g x'g] ePsf] 5 . Pp6} v]ndf ;a}eGbf a9L uf]n vfg] g]kfnL l6dsf k|lzIfs dx]Zj/ d'NdL eg]/ . sf]l/ofn] g]kfnnfO{ !^-) n] k/flht u/]kl5 ;+emg dg gnfUg] Tof] /]s8{ k|lzIfs dx]Zj/ d'NdLsf] gfddf n]lvg k'u]sf] 5 .
lglZrt ?kdf sf]l/ofnL e"lddf g]kfnL l6dsf] k|bz{gn] ;a}nfO{[ ddf{xt agfof] . sf]l/ofaf6 ;s/Ph g]kfn j]j ;fO6nfO{ Pl;og sk 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]z0f u/]sf ljho zfxLsf cg';f/ v]nf8L knfogsf] 36gfnfO{ sf]l/og km'6an P;f]l;P;gn] u+eL/ ?kdf lnPsf] / PGkmfk|lt /f]if JoQm u/]sf] 5 . of] 36gfn] lgSs} ;'d'w'/ ;DaGw ePsf] sf]l/ofnL tyf g]kfnL km'6an ;+3aLr rL;f]kg klg a9]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnL km'6ann] Pp6f c;n / ;xof]uL ldq u'dfpg afWo x'g]5 . Tof] s'g} klg cy{df g]kfnL km'6ansf] lglDt z'e z+s]t x'g ;Sb}g . cfzf u/f}+, u0f]z yfkf / sDkgLn] o;tkm{ s]xL cfzfnfUbf] sfo{ ug]{5 . sd;]sd ca km]/L tLg v]ndf @* uf]nsf] glthf b]Vg ;'Gg / ef]Ug gk/f];\ .

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cflbslj efg'eSt crfo{sf] !() cf}+ hGdholGtsf] pknIodf Go"of]s{l:yt cnfOG;\ km/ 8]df]So|fl6s PG8 xo"dg /fO6 Og g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg efg'eSt cGt/ elnan k|ltof]lutfdf wjnflu/L Sna k|yd ePsf] 5 .
ljleGg rf/ l6dsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pSt k|ltof]lutfdf elh{lgof / aflN6df]/af6 uPsf v]nf8Lx?sf] ;+o'St l6d wjnflu/L Sna / :yfgLo Go"of]s{ s} ;u/dfyf l6d kmfOgndf k'u]sf] s'/f l6sf k'gMn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
a]:6 ckm y|L sf] cfwf/df v]nfOPsf] cToGt} s8f k|lt:kwf{aLr ;DkGg pSt kmfOgn v]ndf cGttM wjnflu/L] @-! ;]6n] ;u/dfyfnfO{ k5fg{ ;kmn /Xof] . wjnflu/L Snasf v]nf8Lx?df df]xg yfkf, /fd ltnLhf, lnnf axfb'/ k'g, nf]s 5GTofn, l6sf k'g, 8]lag yfkf du/, s'df/ k'g, ;'dg dNn, 6]s gf/fo0f k'g, v'd 5GTofn / g]kfnsf e"tk"j{ /fli6"o v]nf8L rGb| axfb'/ ljZjsdf{ ;dfj]z lyP .
:d/0f/xf];\ ut ;fn o'gfO6]6 z]kf{ P;f]l;o;g Go"of]s{n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] v'Nnf cGt/ elnan k|ltof]lutfdf klg wjnflu/L Snan] g} ljhoL ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf e"tk"j{ /fli6"o v]nf8L sdf{ UofNh]g z]kf{ /]k|mL /xg' ePsf] pSt elnan k|ltof]lutfnfO{ cfof]hs ;+:yfsf v]Ns'b tyf ;f+:s[lts ljefu k|d'v gfu]Gb| OËgfdn]] ;+of]hg ug{' ePsf] lyof] .

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h'nfO{sf] klxnf] ;ftf 8]ge/df cfo]fhgf x'g] P Pg P sGe]G;g cGtu{tsf] k|ltikwf{Tds km'6jn k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu jfN6Ldf]/ l6dn] tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . utjif{ l8 ;L ;+u ;]ldkmfOgndf k/flht ePsf] jfN6Ldf]/n] o; k6s klxn]sf] kl/0ffddf kl/jt{g Nofpg] ;f]+rsf] ;fy cEof; z'? u/]sf] xf] .

P Pg P sGe]G;gsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ c+u jg]sf] km"6jn k|lt:kwf{df jfN6Ldf]/n] o; k6s gofF /0fgLlt cjnDjg ub}{5 . jfN6Ldf]/sf SofK6]g c?0f u'?ª eG5g\ - xfdL 8]ge/df RofDkLog jGg hfb}+5f}+ . klxnf] :yfg eGbf csf]{ pknJwL xfd|f] nflu sd x'g]5 . jfN6Ldf]/ l6dn] clxn] ;fKtflxs ?kdf cEof; z'? u/]s]f 5 / k|To]s ;ftfdf l6d :kL/L6 / v]n lhT5f}+ eGg] efjgf hfu[t ePsf] l6Kk0fL 5 csf{ ;b:o lbg]z u'?ªsf] . l6k e/kbf]{ l8km]G; v]nf8L lbg]; eG5g\ - kf]xf]/ ;fn :6fldgfsf] sdLn] ubf{ xfdL k/flht ePsf lyof}+ . o; k6s Tof] sdhf]/L x6fpg lgoldt cEof; z'? u/]sf 5f}+ .

afN6Ldf]/ l6ddf o'jf jo:s / 9NsLbf] pd]/sf v]nf8Lx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . t/ oL ;j} v]nf8Lx?df Pp6f ;dfgtf 5 - ;j} lhTg rfxfG5g\ , cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/sf] v]n k|b{zg u/]/ . l6dsf uf]nlsk/ slkn /f0ffef6sf] egfO{ 5 - tof/L eg] h:t} eof] eg] xfd|f] l6d 8]ge/df x]g{ nfos l6d x'g]5 . xfdL ;+u :6f/ v]nf8L eGbf l6d v]nf8L oy]i6 5g\ h;n] l6dsf] kl/0ffddf kl/jt{g Nofpg ;S5g\ .

jfN6Ldf]/ l6dsf v]nf8Ln] ;fKtflxs cltl/Qm JolQmut ?kdf lgoldt lkmlhsn cEof; ub}{5g\ . kfsf ;b:o ;/f]h uf}rg eG5g\ - v]n cjlwe/ ysfg glnO k|bz{g ug'{ ;j}sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ x'g]5 . To;}n] ;j} v]nf8Ln] JolQmut ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ kfos kg]{ ;dodf lkm6 agfpg] s|ddf h'6]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] v]nf8Ldf To;sf] c;/ b]lvg yfnL ;s]sf] 5 .

jf+sL l6dsf] tof/Lsf] d"Nof+sg gu/L jfN6Ldf]/nfO{ bfj]bf/ dfGg ;lsG5 t << eGg] k|Zgdf SofK6]g c?0f u'?ª eG5g\ - xfdLn] jf+sL l6dsf] cjd"Nog ug{ vf]h]sf 5}gf}+ . xfd|f] l6d utjif{sf] t'ngfdf tof/Lsf ;fy pqb}5 eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . o; cy{df klg ut jif{sf] ;]ldkmfOglni6 l6d bfj]bf/ x'g ;S5 .

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;Lldt b]zdf c;Lldt nf]slk|otf xfl;n u/]sf] ls|s]6 v]nsf] Pslbj;Lo v]ndf ci6"]lnofn] b]f>f] ljZjRofLDkogsf] pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . ls|s]6 v]ndf kl5Nnf] s]xL ;dootf Ps 5q /fh ub}{ cfPsf] ci6"]lnofn] blIf0f clkm|sf, lhDjfj] / s]Gofdf ;+o"Qm ?kdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cf7f}+ ljZjsksf] kmfOgndf Oli8ofnfO{ ! ;o @% /gsf] ljzfn cGt/n] k/flht ub}{ ljZj RoflDkogsf] pkflw k"g sKhf u/\of] . ;g\ !((( df O+Nof08df ;DkGg ;ftf}+ ljZjsksf] kmfOgndf csf]{ blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6" kflsitfgnfO{ klg gf} ljs]6sf] ljzfn cGt/n] x/fpb} pkflw xfl;n u/]sf] ci6"lnofsf] of] t]>f] ljZjsk pkfwL xf] . ljZjsk ls|s]6sf] Oltxf;df of] hLtn] ci6"]lnofnfO{ ;jf{lws tLg k6ssf] ljh]tf jgfPsf] 5 eg] pm kl5 j]i6Ol08hn] @ k6s / Ol08of, >Ln+sf / kflsitfgn] Ps Ps k6s ljZj ljh]tfsf] pkfwL lht]sf 5g\ .

of] ljZjskdf ci6"]lnofn] cfkm" ljZjsf] ;j{>]i7 l6d /x]sf] dfq k|dfl0ft u/]g jf+sL l6dnfO{ lgs} k5fl8 /x]sf] klg b]vfOlbof] . nLu r/0fdf O+UNof08 lj?4sf] hLtnfO{ 5f]8g] xf] eg] jf+sL v]nx? ci6"]lnofsf] nflu lgs} ;xh /x] . w]/} v]n gf] s06]i6 g} jg] . k|ltof]lutf k"j{ ljZj ljh]tfsf] k|d'v bfj]bf/ ci6"]lnofn] cfkm\gf] 5jL cg';f/sf] v]n k|b{zg ub}{ ;f/f ljZjnfO{ cfkm' ls|s]6sf] æjfbzfxÆ /x]sf] k|df0fLt ul/lbof] . ci6"]lnofn] of] ljZjskdf Ps v]n klg gxf/]/ csf]{ sLlt{dfg klg sfod u/of] .

ljZjskdf l6dx?df k|b{zgsf] d"Nof+sg ub{f Ol08ofsf] pRr d"Nof+sg ug}{ kb{5 . ljZjsk z'? x'g' cl3 Go"lhNof08 ;+u} g/fd|/L k/flht ePsf] Ol08ofn] blIf0f clkm|sfsf] kmf:6 kLrdf cs}{ Ol08og l6ddf ?kfGtl/t x'b} kmfOgndf ofqf to u/\of] . kl/jt{gsf] ?kdf Ps k6s Ol08of jlnªsf] e/df kmfOgn ;Dd k'Uof] . k|f/lDes ?kdf jn eGbf Jof6df lge{/ /xg] Ol08ofsf] nflu of] ;'vb kl/jt{g lyof] . of] j]Un} s'/f xf] ls kmfOgn v]ndf Ol08ofnfO{ jlnªn] g} 8'jfPsf] lyof] . jfl;ª6g If]qdf kmfOgn v]n x]g]{} Ol08og ;dy{sx?nfO{ Ol08og jlnªn] lg/fzf kf/]sf] k|ToIf b]lvGYof] . t/ pgLx?n] Ol08og l6dn] ci6"]lnof;+u @ k6s k/flht ePsf] v]ndf jfx]s jf+sL v]ndf ====== /fd|f] gd"gf b]vfpb} lhTg ;S5f}+ eGg] efjgf b]vfPsf lyP . Ol08og l6ddf h'emf?kg / lhT5f}+ eGg] ljZjf;sf] sdL Pp6f /f]ug} aGb} cfPsf] lyof] . of] ljZjsk ;+u} Tof] /f]usf] lgbfg ePsf] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .

of] ljZjskdf cfof]hs blIf0f clkm|sf / blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6" kfls:tfgn] ;j}nfO{ lg/fz kf/] . ci6"]lnofnfO{ s8f r'gf}lt lbg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] clkm|sL cfkm\gf] u[x d}bfgdf klxnf] r/0faf6} jflxl/of] . clkm|sfsf] c;kmntfsf w]/} sf/0f dWo] SofK6]g ;g knssf] æ6\oflS6snÆ sdhf]/L klg 7"nf] sf/0fsf] ?kdf /xof] . ;g\ !((! df cGt{/fli6"o ls|s]6df k'g k|j]z u/]sf] clkm|sfsf] k|ultsf] s|dnfO{ of] ljZjsksf] c;kmntfn] 7"nf] wSsf lbPsf] 5 . clkm|sg l6ddf w]/} kl/jt{gsf] ;+s]t - of] ljZjskn] _ u/]sf] 5 .

kflsitfgL l6dsf] jf/]df hlt sd jf]Nof] Tolt /fd|f] x'G5 . lslnª OlGi6ª6 h'emf?kg / lhT5f}+ eGg] efjgfsf] nflu k|l;4 kflsitfgL l6ddf tL s'/fx?sf] s'g} z+s]t ;Dd b]lvPg . kflsitfgL l6dn] of] ljZjsknfO{ ;s];Dd ;Demg] k|of; ug]{ 5}g . of] ljZjskdf klg kflsitfgn] Ol08of ;+u k/flht x'g] s|dnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] . ljZjskdf kflsitfg Ol08of;+u k/flht x'g] s|dnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] . ljZjskdf kflsitfg Ol08of;+u nuftf/ rf/ ljZjskdf k/flht e} ;s]sf] 5 .

clnslt efUo cln s]xL /fd|]f k|b{zgn] 6]i6 v]Ng dfGotf k|fKt gul/;s]sf] clkm|sL /fi6" s]Gofn] ;]dLkmfOgndf k|j]z u/]/ clglirttf / cfZro{do ls|s]6 v]ndf Ps csf]{ cfZro{do kl/0ffd lgsfNof] . hxf+ blIf0f clkm|sfsf] ;'k/ l;S;df k|j]z kfpg g;s]sf] 36gf cfZro{do lyof] . Toxf+ sdhf]/ 7flgg] s]Gofn] ;]ldkmfOgndf k|j]z sd cfZro{do lyPg. s]Gofsf]nflu of] pknJwL kmNo"s lyPg eg]/ k|df0fLt ug{ r'gf}ltk"0f{ x'g]5 .

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af:s]6an v]nsf ;j{sflng\ dxfg\ v]nf8L dfOsn hf]8{g $) jif{ k'u]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL 7]6 zAbdf pgL rfnL;]df k|j]z ul/;s]sf 5g\ . of] pd]/ w]/} g]kfnLx?sf nflu a'9\of}nLn] 5'g] pd]/ xf] . t/, dfOsn hf]8{g ljZjs} pTs[i6 Joj;flos af:s]6an nLu Pg=aL=P=df ;lqmo af:s]6an hLjgsf] clGtd If0fdf /dfO/x]sf 5g\ .
af:s]6an v]ndf w]/} k|ltefx?n] cfkm\gf] cnUu} klxrfg agfPsf 5g\ . RofDaln{g, sl/d cAb'n hAa/b]lv Doflhs hf]G;g / Nof/L a8{ h:tf pTs[i6 Ifdtfjfg\ af:s]6an v]nf8Ln] cfkm"nfO{ 5'§} :t/df k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . t/, oL v]nf8Lx? klg dfOsn hf]8{gsf] t'ngfdf km'Rr] nfU5g\ . dfOsn hf]8{g af:s]6an v]nsf] Tof] Oltxf; xf] h;n] af:s]6annfO{ ljZjJofkLs/0f u/fpg dfq ;xof]u k'¥ofPg Joj;flostfnfO{ gofF prfO{ klg lbnfof] . Pp6f ;fwf/0f Joj;flos nLuaf6 dfly p7\g g;s]sf] Pg=aL=P=nfO{ hf]8{gn] cfkm\gf] pTs[i6tf;Fu} dfly p7fP, nLunfO{ ljZjsf] x/]s s'gfdf k'¥ofpg of]ubfg lbP . jf:tadf, hf]8{g lagfsf] af:s]6an k"0f{t ck"/f] aGb5 . w]/} /fd|f af:s]6an v]nf8Lx? ;do ;Fu} pbfP, c:tfP . t/, v]nnfO{ g} cfkm\gf] an a'Ftfdf k|efljt kfg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf v]nf8L hf]8{g dfq /x] . v]nj[Qleq eGg] ul/G5 . v]nn] v]nf8LnfO{ :yflkt agfpF5 . t/ hf]8{gsf] ;Gbe{df Tof] egfO{ ;To b]lvb}g . kf/Dkfl/s ;f]Fr ljkl/t hf]8{gn] cfkm";Fu} af:s]6annfO{ klg :yflkt agfP .
;g\ !(*) sf] bzssf] cGTolt/ / ;g\ () sf] bzssf] dWo;Dd Pg\=aL=P=df hf]8{gsf] pTs[i6tf r/d r'nLdf lyof] . pgsf] l6d l;sfuf] a'Nz Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmntf k|fKt ub}{ lyof] eg] hf]8{gsf] sf}zntfsf] af/]df eGg} k/]g . xfjfd} x'Fbf ækm]sÆ u/]/ :s]/ ug]{ cb\e"t snf k|:t't ug]{ hf]8{gn] To; ;dodf em08} em08} q'6L/lxt k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . hf]8{gsf] v]nf8Lsf] ?kdf csf]{ ljz]iftf s] /x\of] eg] sf]6{leqsf] pTs[i6tf ;Fu;Fu} cfkm"nfO{ Joj;flos ?kdf ;kmn agfpg ;s] . hf]8{gn] v]nf8LnfO{ Joj;flos ?kdf klg lzv/ r'Dg ;S5g\ eGg] k|dfl0ft ul/lbP . pgL To; lznlznfdf sf]z] 9'+uf g} x'g\ .
hf]8{g rfnL; jif{sf eP / rfnL; jif{ k|j]z;Fu} ;lqmo af:s]6an hLjgsf] cGTo ub}{5g\ . b'O{k6s ;Gof; lnP/ km]/L af:s]6an sf]6{df plqPsf hf]8{gn] ca t];|f] k6s sf]6{df gkms{g] agfPsf 5g . cfkm\gf] Sofl/o/sf] clGtd If0fdf pgn] jfl;+ª6g ljhf8{;nfO{ Pg=aL=P=sf] /fd|f] l6ddf k'/\ofpg k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ . clxn] pgdf Tof] Ifdtf 5}g, Tof] sf}zntf klg 5}g h;n] lzsfuf] a'NznfO{ ^ k6s RoflDkog agfPsf] lyof] . t/, pgdf b[9tf 5 / cfufdL k':tfnfO{ hf]8{g pTs[i6tfsf] aflx/ klg pTs[i6 lyP eGg] ;Gb]z lbg kof{Kt Ifdtf 5 . v]nf8Lsf] ?kdf pgdf 3d08 5}g . af:s]6ansf] Oltxf;s} pTs[i6 v]nf8L 3f]lift ubf{ klg pgn] cfkm" Ps csf]{ v]nf8L dfq ePsf] l6Kk0fL ub}{ ;xhtfsf] kl/ro lbPsf 5g\ . pgL w]/} af:s]6an k|]dLx?sf nflu cfbz{ x'g\ .
hf]8{gsf] :yfg s;n] lnG5 eg]/ cfkm\gf] cfkm\g} c8\snafhL z'? eO;s]sf] 5 . zflsn cf]+lgn, sf]a] a|foG6 of :s'ndf v]Nb} u/]sf] t/ txNsf dRrfpFb} cfPsf !* jif]{ n]A/f]g h]D; ;+efjgfsf] nfdf] ;"rL x'g;S5 . oBkL, Pg=aL=P=sf pTs[i6 v]nf8Lx?sf] Psdt 5, csf]{ hf]8{g x'g ;Sb}g . hf]8{gsf] pRr ;Ddfg ub}{ pgLx?sf] egfO{ 5, afFsL v]nf8Lx? hf]8{g h:t} aGg vf]Hg] xf] . pgsf] kfOnfdf lx8\g k|of; dfq ug]{ xf] .
hf]8{gsf] cjsfzkl5 Pg=aL=P=df Ps k|sf/sf] l/Qmtf x'g]5 . sltkon] t hf]8{g ljgfsf] Pg=aL=P= s:tf] xf]nf eGg] af/]df lrGtf k|s6 ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . x'g t kl5Nnf] ;dodf v]nsf] lx;fadf hf]8{g Pg=aL=P=sf c? v]nf8Lsf] bfFhf]df pTs[i6 x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . g g} pgsf] l6d jfl;+ª6g ljhf8{;n] g} ltn:dL k|bz{g ug{ ;s]sf] 5 . /, klg hf]8{gsf] k|efjsf] a]Un} dxTj /x]sf] 5 . pgsf] l6daf6 k|ltikwf{ ug]{n] dfq xf]Og pgsf] k|lt4G4Lsf] ?kdf sf]6{df pqg]n] klg hf]8{gsf] dxfgtfsf] cg'ej ug{ ;S5 . o'uf]:nfleofsf Pg=aL=P= v]nf8L k]of :6]sf]lern] hf]8{g;Fusf] klxnf] k|ltikwf{df cb\e"t cg'ej ePsf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] egfO{ 5, d]/f] zl// k"/} sfFk]sf] lyof] . d}n] hf]8{g;Fu k|ltikwf{ ub}{5' eGg] ;f]+rn] g} ddf crDdsf] cg'ej >[hgf u/]sf] lyof] . t/, ca, Tof] /f]df~rstfsf] cg'ej u/fpg dfOsn hf]8{g s]xL ;dokl5 b]vf kg]{ 5}gg\ . pgL of] l;hgsf] cGTo;Fu ;lqmo af:s]6an hLjgaf6 6f8f x'g]5g\ . /, Tolta]nf dfq pgsf] pTs[i6 k|bz{gsf] :d/0f / af:s]6annfO{ gofF lbzfdf 8f]¥ofPsf] 36gf dfq ;bfsf nflu ;Demg of]Uo aGg]5 . af:s]6ank|]dLx?n] afWo eP/ eGg'kg]{5, cn ljbf dfOsn hf]8{g Û

g]kfnL km'6an v]n:t/af/]sf] ld7f] e|d

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g]kfnsf] km'6an v]n If]ql;t ;DalGwt dflg;x?df kl5Nnf y'k|} jif{b]lv Pp6f ld7f] e|dn] 8]/f hdfPsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] e|d kfNg]x?df lat]]sf jif{x?df /fli6"o 6f]nLsf] la+8f] yfd]sf x:tLx?b]lv lnP/ sltko :jgfdwGo kqsf/x? ;d]t 5g\ . Tof] ld7f] e|d s] eg] g]kfnsf] km'6an v]n:t/ blIf0f Pl;ofnL b]zx?sf] :t/df 5 . cfkm}df of] cem w]/} pb]snfUbf] s] 5 eg] :jo+ blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]n:t/ s] xf] eGg] s'/} cfkm}df :ki6 5}g . ef/t klg blIf0f Pl;ofleqsf] b]z xf], e'6fg klg . kfls:tfg klg, >Ln+sf klg / dfNbLE; klg, a+unfb]z klg . cem s]xL ;docl3 9fsfdf ;DkGg t];|f] ;fkm km'6an RoflDkogzLkb]lv t ckmuflg:tfg klg ;fs{ If]qsf b]zx?sf] ;d"xdf v]Ng yfn]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf s] g]kfnL km'6an v]nsf] :t/ tL ;a} b]zx?sf] xf/fxf/Ldf g} 5 t <
;'? u/f}+ ckmuflg:tfg / e'6fgsf k|;+uaf6 . lg/Gt/ tLvf] /fhgLlts clglZrttf / kl5Nnf 5 ;ft jif{ s7f]/ tflnafgL lgoGq0fdf ;f+; km]g{ ljjz ckmuflg:tfgn] clxn] dfq xf]Og, cGt/f{li6"o If]qdf cfkm"nfO{ Ps v]n zlQmsf] ?kdf pEofpg cfpFbf sltko jif{;Dd s'g{ kg]{ x'G5 . To;}u/L, lat]sf sltko jif{x?;Dd s'g} cGt/fli6"o k|ltof]lutfx?df efu g} glnPsf] e'6fgn] cfkm"nfO{ slxNo} r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf k|:t't ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g eg] lgs6 jif{x?df p;n] o; lbzfdf km8\sf] dfg{ ;Snf eGg] s'g} ;+s]t klg 5}g . hxfF;Dd kfls:tfgsf] ;Gbe{ 5, lsgsL of] b]zn] cfkm"nfO{ h;/L lqms]6, :Sjfz / xsL v]nx?df ljZj:t/df lrgfPsf] 5 To;/L g} km'6andf cfZro{hgs 9+uaf6 lgs} k5fl8 /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . kfls:tfgn] cfkm"nfO{ km'6an zlQm/fi6"sf] ?kdf ljsl;t kfg]{ k|of; g} slxNo} u/]sf] b]lv+b}g, ;'lg+b}g . ;DejtM km'6an ToxfF k|fyldstfsf] ;"rLdf kb}{g . kfls:tfgsf] k|fylds kIf k/Dk/fut k|ltåGåL l5d]sL ef/tnfO{ sDtLdf lqmqm]6 / xsLdf k/f:t ug{ kfP k'U5 / To;d} p;nfO{ cfTduf}/jsf] af]w x'G5 h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 .
>Ln+sfn] a]nfavtdf k|efjzfnL 6f]nLsf] ?kdf ;Defjgfsf k|z:t lemNsfx? b]vfp+5, t/ lzv/ r9\g] a]nfdf ;w}+ k5fl8 k5{ . tfklg blIf0f Pl;ofnL km'6andf ef/t olb lglZrt?kn] slxNo} sd cfFSg g;lsg] 6f]nL xf] eg] dflNbE; / a+unfb]z;Fu} >Ln+sf klg lg/Gt/ r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf b]vf kb}{ cfO/x]sf b]z x'g\ . ut cf7f}+ ;fkmdf g]kfn u[xd}bfgdf ckf/ 3/]n' ;dy{g cufl8 klg a+unfb]zlj?4 k/flht eP/ pkljkh]tfdf ;Lldt ePsf] lyof] . s]xL ;do klxn] 9fsfdf ;DkGg t];|f] ;fkm km'6an RoflDkogzLkdf ToxL g]kfn nLu r/0faf6} aflxl/of] . To;}n], k+lQmsf/sf] ljrf/df, g]kfnn] blIf0f Pl;ofnL km'6an v]n:t/df cfkm"nfO{ pEofpg] xf] eg] ;fs{ If]qsf ;ft b]z ;xefuL /x]sf] h'g;'s} k|ltof]lutfdf sDtLdf ;]ldkmfOgn;Ddsf] ofqf ug{ ;Sg} k5{ . Tolt x'g ;Sof] eg] dfq g]kfnsf] :t/ sDtLdf of] xf] eGg ;lsg] cj:yf /xG5 .
g]kfnsf km'6an kl08tx?n] ;f]Rg} kg]{ kIf 5, lat]sf y'k}| jif{x?df g]kfnL 6f]nLn] ef/t, a+unfb]z, dflNbE; / >Ln+sfnfO{ sltk6s k/flht ug{ ;s]sf] 5 clg slt k6s k/flht ePsf] 5 . 5}7f}+ ;fkm v]ns'bdf 9fsfdf b]znfO{ k|fKt Psdfq :j0f{ lhTg] 6f]nL g]kfnL km'6an 6f]nL g} lyof], cToGt k|z+;gLo eP klg Tof] pkflw …;+of]uÚ dfq lyof] eGbf ;fob cTo'lQm xf]jf]Og . lsg klg eg] ToxL 6f]nL l8km]lG8ª RoflDkogsf] ?kdf ;ftf}+ ;fkm, db|f;df v]Ng hfFbf nLu r/0faf6} aflxl/Psf] lyof] . To;kl5sf] ;du| cjlwdf cf7f}+ ;fkmsf] pkljh]tf aGg ;Sg'afx]s g]kfnL 6f]nLn] c? s'g} pNn]vgLo k|bz{g ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . lsg < sf/0f vf]Hg} kg]{ a]nf eO;]s]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL /fli6"o 6f]nLl;t hf]l8Psf] csf]{ ;fFrf] s'/f s] xf] eg] cGo blIf0f Pl;ofnL b]zx?df x'g] Sna k|ltof]lutfx?df ;xefuL x'g hfFbf slxn]sfxL++afx]s cS;/ vf; Sna 6f]nLsf?kdf /fli6"o 6f]nL s} w]/}h;f] v]nf8Lx? hfg] u5{g\ . o:tf Snax?df dgfª d:of{ª\ubL, dx]Gb| k'ln;, k|m]G8\; / s]xL xb;Dd y|L:6f/ Snax? k|d'v 5g\ . o;df klg ljz]if u/]/ dgfª d:of{ª\ubL Snadf t cS;/ ;ftcf7 hgf;Dd v]nf8L /fli6"o 6f]nLs} lgoldt ;b:o x'g] u5{g\ . k'ln; Snadf klg rf/b]lv ;ft hgf;Dd t lgoldt /fli6"o 6f]nL ;b:o g} x'g] u5{g\ . t/ olt w]/} /fli6"o v]nf8L ;dfj]z u/]/} ljb]zL e"lddf v]Ng] xfd|f log} pTs[i6 Sna klg lg/Gt/ k/flht x'+b} cfPsf 5g\ . Pp6f /xdbuGh cyjf O:6 a+ufn, df]xg afufg cyjf df]xDd8g :kf]{l6ª Sna g} klg xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] hldg b]vfpg kof{Kt 7xl/G5g\ . lsg < xfd|f] ;xeflutf w]/} 5, ;kmntf sd . cflv/ lsg t < sf/0f vf]Hg} kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
;fFrf] s'/f s] xf] eg] km'6an 6Ld v]n xf] / o;df Psfw ckjfbafx]s Psb'O{ hgf pTs[i6 v]nf8Lsf] pkl:ylt dfqn] Dofr lhlt+b}g . 6f]nLsf] hLt xf/df ;a} v]nf8Lsf] plQs} e"ldsf /xG5 . v]ndf hLtxf/ ;fdfGo s'/f xf] . s;}n] klg ;w}el/ lhlt/xFb}g . a|flhnn] xfn;Dd ePsf ;a} ljZjsk / sf]kf cd]l/sf k|ltof]lutfx? lhTg ;s]sf] 5}g, tL k|ltof]lutfsf k|To]s ;+:s/0f lhTg klg ;Sb}g . g]kfnn] klg ;w} lhlt/xg' k5{ eGg vf]lhPsf] xf]Og, s]jn slt dfq eg], ;w} k/flht eO/xg' ePg . Psfw v]ndf cfsf;sf] lah'nL ;/L pNsfkft ug]{ t/ csf]{ v]ndf cl;gfn] r'l6Psf] h:tf] x'g] k|j[lQ cGTo x'g' k5{ . vf;df k|bz{gdf lgoldttf xfd|f] k|d'v cfjZostf xf] . o;sf nflu k|lzIf0fsf] lg/Gt/tfsf ;fy} /fli6"o-cGt/fli6"o k|ltof]lutfx?df ;xefuL eO{ cg'ej / PS;kf]h/ lbO/xg' kg]{ PGkmfsf] bfloTj ;DemfO/xg' kb}{g . nfdf] ;dokl5 km'6ansf] ljjfb ;fDo eO{ ;a}n] /fxtsf] ;f+; km]l//x]sf] a]nf PGkmf cWoIf u0f]z yfkf / pgsf ;xof]uLx?n] o; oyfy{nfO{ Xbo+ud ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ xf] .
s]xL jif{klxn] g]kfn vl6Psf a]nfotL k|lzIfs l:6kmg sf]G:6flG6gn] Psk6s kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf eg]sf lyP- g]kfnsf] km'6an ljsf; ug{sf nflu s]xL s'/fsf] hf]8 rflxG5, oxfF Pp6} s'/f dfq kof{Kt 5}g . k|lzIf0fdf eLd yfkfsf] k|fljlws 1fg, of]hgf Joj:yfkgdf 6f;L 3n]sf] cg'ej, of]hgf gLlt sfof{Gjogdf nlnts[i0f >]i7 / s[i0feQm dfgGw/;d]tsf] tbf?stf / gLlt lgdf{0f Pj+ cg'zf;gdf u0f]z yfkfsf] s7f]/tf clg oL ;aaLr b]zsf] km'6an v]n ljsf;k|lt ;dlk{t ljlzi6 JolQmTjx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ nfg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 . olt x'g ;Sof] eg] g]kfnsf] km'6an v]n If]qn] l5§} pNn]vgLo km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sg]5 .
dnfO{ nfU5, tL tfn'v'On] a]nfotL k|lzIfssf] Tof] egfO g]kfnL kl/k|]Iodf cem};Dd c;fGble{s eO;s]sf] 5}g .

g]kfnL km"6an hLtsf] vf]hLdf

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a+unfb]zsf] /fhwfgL 9fsfdf xfn} ;DkGg ;fkm km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL l6d nLu r/0faf6} aflxl/of] . Ps ;do blIf0f Pl;ofnL km'6ansf] kfj/xfp; /x]sf] g]kfnsf] of] nHhf:kb k|b{zg p;sf] v:sbf] l:yltsf] Pp6f HjnGt gd"gf xf] .
g]kfnL v]ns'bdf / Tof] klg km'6andf Pp6f /dfOnf] kIf 5 . k|ltof]lutf cufl8 xfd|f] l6d ;b}a ljh]tf z}nLsf] l6dsf] ?kdf /xG5 / k|ltof]lutfkl5 k/flht l6dsf] ?kdf . 9fsf k|:yfg ug'{cl3 ;a} g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] ;]dLkmfOgn k|j]z lgSs} ;xh /x]sf] bfjL u/]sf lyP . t/ g]kfnL v]nf8L / v]n clwsf/Lx?s} zAbdf t'ngfTds ?kdf ;lhnf] ;d"xdf k/]sf] g]kfnn] ;]dLkmfOgn;Ddsf] dfqf klg to ug{ ;s]g . lkmkmf;Fu cfj4 /fi6|dWo] ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ l6dx?df ulgg] e"6fgnfO{ dfq Ps uf]nn] k/flht ug'{ l;jfo g]kfnL l6dn] s]xL ug{ ;s]g . g]kfnn] sdhf]/ 7fg]sf] dflNbE;n] g]kfnnfO{ dfq k/flht u/]g, kmfOgndf k'u]/ a+unfb]znfO{ pkflwsf] lglDt sl7g r'gf}lt klg lbof] .
jf:tjdf g]kfnL l6dsf] tof/L eJo lyPg . ;do klg sd lyof] t/ o;f] eGb}df k/fhosf] nflu dfkm ug{ ;lsGg . oL v]nf8Lx? g]kfnsf pTs[i6 v]nf8Lx? x'g\ h;n] /fd|f] k|bz{g ug}{k5{ . x}g eg], /fd], Zofd], jL/] hf] ;'s}nfO{ l6ddf ;fd]n u/]/ k|ltikwf{df ptf/] e} xfNof] gL . olb /fi6|sf pTs[i6 v]nf8Lx?sf] :t/ blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qd} klg v:s]sf] xf] eg] xfdLn] To;nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug}{k5{ . Oltxf;df /d]/ s]xL x'Fb}g jt{dfgdf uDg ;Sg' k5{ .
Ps bzs cufl8 dflNbE; g]kfnsf] nflu km'Rr] l6d lyof] . t/, !) jif{df dflNbE;n] nfdf] km8\sf] dfl/;s]sf] 5 . dflNbE;n] k|To]s h;f] v]ndf g]kfnnfO{ k/flht ug]{ Ifdtf /fVb5 . dflNbE; l6ddf clxn] klg xl/ v8\sfsf] h:tf] pTs[i6 v]nf8L gx'g ;S5g\ jf pk]Gb|dfg l;+x h:tf] /fd|f] uf]nlsk/sf] cefj x'g ;S5 . t/, pgLx?n] l6dnfO{ dfly p7fPsf 5g\ . dfn]af6 k|sflzt x'g] /fli6|o b}lgs æxa];Æ sf v]n kqsf/ d';f nltkm eG5g\, æljut Ps bzsdf blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qsf] km'6andf ;aeGbf /fd|f] k|ult ug]{ l6d xfd|f] x'g'k5{ . dflNbE; km'6an P;f]l;P;gn] of]hgf cg'?k km'6ansf] ljsf;df pNn]vgLo ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 .
;g\ !((( df sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg ;fkm v]ns'bsf] km'6an ;]dLkmfOgndf g]kfn;Fu dflNbE; k/flht ePkl5 d';fn] of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ eg]sf lyP, æof] gld7f] xf/ xf], xfdL g]kfnnfO{ k/fhlt ug]{ 5f}+ .Æ geGb} To;kl5 g]kfn / dflNbE;aLr v]lnPsf] klxnf] v]ndf g} g]kfnnfO{ k/flht ug{ dflNbE; ;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;fkm km'6an RoflDkogzLksf] kmfOgndf k|j]z ug]{ qmddf dflNbE;n] nLu r/0fsf] k|ltikwf{df g]kfnnfO{ # - @ n] k/flht u/]sf] lyof] .
oxfF dflNbE;sf] k|;+u lsg p7fOPsf] xf] eg] g]kfn / dflNbE;sf] km'6an j[Q b'O{ w|'jem}+ leGg 5g\ . g]kfnL v]n clwsf/Lx? sfddf eGbf s'/fdf a9L hf]8 lbG5g\ . dflNbE;n] sfddf . g]kfndf km'6ansf] æqm]hÆ v:sbf] 5 . ptf dflNbE;df cfsflzbf] 5 . g]kfnL km'6an æ;6{ 6d{ uf]nÆ df cNdlnPsf] 5 dflNbE;n] ænª 6d{ uf]nÆ k|fKt ug{ j[xt of]hgf yfn]sf] 5 . /, glthf dflNbE;n] x/]s k|ltof]lutfdf /fd|f] ;+s]t b]vfPsf] 5 . kfFr jif{ cufl8 of] k+lQmsf/ l/kf]l6{ªsf] lznlznfdf dflNbE; k'Ubf d';f nltkmn] Ps dlxgfkl5 sf7df8f}+df x'g uO/x]sf] klxnf] ;fkm km'6an RoflDkogzLkdf cfkm\gf] l6dn] /fd|f] k|bz{g ug]{ bfjL u/]sf lyP . /, pgn] bfjL u/] h:t} dflNbE; æk|ltof]lutfsf] cfZro{doÆ l6dsf] ?kdf :yflkt aGb} kmfOgndf k'u]sf] lyof] . g]kfnn] dflNbE;sf] l;sf] u/f];\ eGg] xf]Og, t/ of]hgfa4 ?kdf km'6ansf] ljsf;sf nflu kxn eg] ug}{ k5{ . rfx] To;sf nflu a'9f v'§fx?nfO{ /fli6|o l6daf6 ;-;Ddfg cjsf; g} lbg lsg gk/f];\ .
clvn g]kfn km'6an ;+3sf cWoIf u0f]z yfkfn] xfn} Pp6f j[xt dxTjsf+IfL nIo ;fj{hlgs u/]/ ænª 6d{ KnfgÆ df pq]sf] z+s]t b]vfPsf 5g\ . t/, o;sf] nflu 3f]if0ff dfq sfkmL x'Fb}g 3f]if0ff;+u}sf] sfof{Gjog kIf klg ultnf] x'g'k5{ . u0f]z yfkfsf] PGkmf ljjfb eGbf cufl8sf] sfo{sfndf s'g} g/fd|f] kIf lyof] eg] Tof] k|bz{gs} lyof] . To;}n] km'6an l6dsf] :t/ psf:g yfkf / pgsf] sDkgLn] sfo{Gjog kIfdf ljz]if kxn ug'{k5{ . sd;]sd casf lbgdf g]kfnL l6d k|ltof]lutfkl5 klg ljh]tfs} ?kdf /xg ;Sg'k5{ . k|ltof]lutf cufl8 ;]/ k|ltof]lutf k5fl8 Zofndf kl/0ft ePsf] syf ca w]/} ;'Gg gk/f];\ .

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g]kfnL v]ns'b lqms]6n] yfd]sf] jif{

dgf]h cfrfo{
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g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] nflu ;g\ @))@ lqms]6sf] ;kmntfsf sf/0f dfq ;'vb\ /x\of] . ut jif{ ;]K6]Dj/ cS6f]j/df sf7df8f}df ;~rfng ePsf] c08/ !( o'y Pl;of sk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL lqms]6k|]dLx?nfO{ klxnf] :yfgsf] pkxf/ lbPsf] g]kfnL o'jf 6f]nLn] ;g\ @))@ sf] k|f/Dedf Go'lhNof08df ;DkGg c08/ !( o'y ljZjsk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfdf lg/Gt/tf lbb} Kn]6 kmfOgndf k|j]z u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL l6dn] Kn]6 kmfOgndf k|j]z ug]{ qmddf 6]i6 v]Ng dfGotf k|fKt l6d a+ufnfb]z / kfls:tfgnfO{ k/flht u/]sf] lyof] . o; cy{df, g]kfnL o'y l6dsf] k|bz{g ;flRrs} pNn]vgLo /x]sf] lyof] .
s'g} klg l6d v]nsf] ljZjskdf k|j]z kfPsf] v]n lqms]6 g} xf] . Kn]6 /g/ cksf] k'/:sf/ xft kf/]sf] 36gf g]kfnL lqms]6 l6dsf] nflu ;a eGbf ;'vb kl/0ffd xf] . g]kfnL o'y l6dsf] ;kmntfn] klxn] g} nf]slk|o aGb} uO/x]sf] lqms]6 v]nnfO{ g]kfndf :yflkt dfq u/fPg, gofF ;dy{sx? hGdfpg klg ;3fof] . lqms]6 g} ga'em\g]x?sfnflu klg o'y l6dsf dxTjk"0f{ v]nf8Lx? ljgf]b bf;, nfSkf nfdf / zlQm uf}rg u/]n' gfd dfq aGg k'u] . w]/}n] v:sbf] g]kfnL v]n:t/ aLr lqms]6 Pp6f ;Defjgf x'g] cfzo JoQm ub{{y] .
o'jf 6f]nLsf] ;kmntfnfO{ g]kfnL /fli6"o lqms]6 l6dn] l;+ufk'/df ;DkGg Pl;of sk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfsf] qmddf lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] lyof] . g]kfnL /fli6"o l6d ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf uhasf] pTs[i6tf k|bz{g ub}{ bf];|f] :yfg xfl;n ug{ ;kmn ePsf] lyof] . ;]dLkmfOgn ;Dd klg k'Ug g;Sg] l6d eg]/ lgs} sdhf]/ ?kdf k|:t't g]kfnL l6dn] wfl/nf] alnË / r':t lkmlN8Ësf] gd"gf b]vfpFb} cfkm\gf] ljho qmdnfO{ kmfOgn;Dd k'-ofPsf] lyof] . g]kfnL l6dsf] Jofl6Ë s]lx sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL l6dnfO{ ;aeGbf pTs[i6 lkmlN8Ë l6dsf] ?kdf k|rfl/t ul/Psf] lyof] . of] k+lQmsf/;+u cfof]hs l;+ufk'/ lqms]6 l6dsf SofK6]g h'k]g >fkmn] Toltj]nf eg]sf lyP -æg]kfn of] k|ltof]lutfsf] cfZrfo{do l6d xf] . dnfO{ g]kfnL l6dsf] lkmlN8Ën] df]xgL nufPsf] 5 .Æ ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL j]; an/ df]xDdb cfndn] pTs[i6 an/sf] k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP eg] k|ltof]lutfe/ an / Jof6 b'j}df cfkm\gf] pTs[i6 sf}zntf k|bz{g u/]sf zlQm uf}rg lemgf] cGt/n] dfq Dofg ckm b l;l/h kfpgjf6 alGrt ePsf lyP . jf:tjdf, zlQm g]kfnL l6dsf nflu æDofg ckm b l;l/hÆ /x]sf lyP .
g]kfnL lqms]6 l6dsf] ;kmntfsf] cleofg olt d} ;Lldt /x]g . xfn} o'gfO6]8 c/a Old/]6\;df ;DkGg c08/ !% o'y Pl;of skdf g]kfn ;]dLkmfOgn;Dd k'u]sf] lyof] . ;]dLkmfOgndf kfls:tfg;+u @& /gsf] ækmfOl6Ë :sf]/ Æ df k/flht ePsf] g]kfnn] Tof] cleofg;Fu} g]kfnL lqms]6 l6dsf] kl5Nnf] !@ dlxgfsf] ;kmntf …km\No'sÚ gePsf] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL l6dsf] ;kmntfkl5 lqms]6 v]nsf] ;jf]{Rr cGt/fli6"o ;+:yf cfO=;L= ;L= n] cf}krfl/s ?kd} g]kfnL lqms]6sf] ljsf;nfO{ pRrsf]6Lsf] /x]sf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf] 5 .
lqms]6sf] ;kmntf afx]s of] jif{ g]kfnL v]ns'bdf ;'vb pknAwLx? sd /x] . sf]l/ofsf] a'zfgdf ;DkGg Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf g]nfnn] lht]sf] tLgj6f t]SjfGbf] sf:okbs eGbf em08} Ps bh{g v]nf8Lx? x/fPsf] 36gfn] rrf{ kl/rrf{ kfof] . g]kfnL t]SjfGbf] v]nf8L lbks lji6, /]0f'sf du/ / qm[t' /fOn] Pl;of8df sf:o kbs k|fKt u/]sf lyP .
PGkmf ljjfb o;} jif{ 6'+luof] . em08} @ jif{ /fli6"o v]ns'b kl/ifb\åf/f nvl6Psf u0f]z yfkfnfO{ ljjfb ;dfKt ug{ g]t[Tj ;'lDkPkl5 ljjfb ;dfKt ePsf] xf] . of] ljjfbnsf] cGTokl5 wf/fzfoL ag]sf] g]kfnL km'6ann] ult lbg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
o;} jif{ g]kfnL v]ns'bn] alS;Ë hut\sf Ps pTs[i6 JolQmTj k':s/Wjh zfxLnfO{ u'dfpg k'Uof] . ;fkm :j0f{ kbs ljh]tf zfxLsf] pkrf/sf] qmddf d[To' ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL alS;Ë hut\df bnaxfb'/ /fgdu/ ;+u} gDa/ …PsÚ :yfgdf /x]sf zfxLsf] c;fdlos lgwgn] ;du| v]ns'b hut\nfO{ 7"nf] Iflt k'-ofof] .

xf]lnlkmN8sf] k/fho M alS;Ë lg/; aGb}5

dgf]h cfrfo{
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ljZj x]lej]6 alS;ª hutdf cfkm\gf] Ifdtf eGbf lgs} sd rrf{ kfpg] v]nf8Lsf] ?kdf OefG8/ xf]lnlkmN8nfO{ ulgG5 .
xf]lnlkmN8 sd rrf{sf] aLrdf klg Ps ;kmn aS;/ dflgG5g\ . oBkL, a9\bf] pd]/;Fu} pgsf] Ifdtfdf x|f; cfpg yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . rf/k6ssf æjN8{ RoflDkogÆ xf]lnlkmN8n] kfFrf}+k6s ljZj ljh]tfsf] a]N6 nfpg] wf]sf] k"/f ug{ ;s]gg\ .
$) jif]{ xf]lnlkmN8n] xfn} #@ jlif{o lqm; afo8{ lj?4 vfnL /x]sf] cfO{=aL=Pkm pkflw le8Gtdf 9Nsbf] pd]/sf] z+s]t b]vfpFb} k/fhosf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . xf]lnlkmN8sf] of] !* jif]{ alS;ª hLjgdf 5}+7f}+ k/fho lyof] / ;fob ;a}eGbf gld7f] klg .
P6nflG6s l;6Ldf ePsf] ;f] le8Gtdf xf]lnlkmN8 jfo8{sf] cufl8 lzsf?em}+ b]lvPsf lyP . jfo8{n] cfkm\gf] jhgsf] k|of]u ub}{ zlQmzfnL k+r jiff{P/ xf]lnlkmN8nfO{ z'?b]lv cGTo;Dd s8f ;hfo lbPsf lyP . xf]lnlkmN8sf] d'ed]G6b]lv cfqmd0f ug]{ z}nLdf lgSs} æl9nfkgÆ a9]sf] b]lvGYof] . lglZrt ?kdf pgL cfkm\gf] pTsif{ alS;Ë hLjgsf] ;dosf xf]lnlkmN8 lyPgg\ . pgsf] of] c;kmntfn] $) jif{eGbf a9L pd]/sf alS;Ë RoflDkog aGg] bf}8df ;fd]n 5}+7f}+ v]nf8LdWo] pgnfO{ kfFrf}+ c;kmn aS;/ agfPsf] 5 . jN8{ RoflDkog aGg] $) jif{eGbf a9L pd]/sf Ps dfq aS;/ hh{ kmf]/Dofg x'g\ . kmf]/Dofgn] ;g\ !(($ df dfOsn d'//nfO{ gscfp6 u/]/ a'9f] RoflDkogsf] /]s8{ agfPsf lyP .
alS;Ë kl08tx?n] slxNo} xf/ gvfg] xf]lnlkmN8sf] alS;Ë hLjg jfo8{;Fusf] k/fho;Fu} cf]/fnf] nfu]sf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf, kl5Nnf] ^ le8Gtdf xf]lnlkmN8n] @ j6f lht dfq xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ eg] k/fhosf] ;+Vof tLg k'lu;s]sf] 5 . oBkL, xf]lnlkmN8n] æxf/ gvfg]Æ cfkm\gf] :jefjs} z}nLdf cfkm\gf] ;lqmo alS;Ë hLjg ;dfKt gePsf] atfP . jfo8{;Fusf] nHhf:kb xf/kl5 pgn] cfkm\gf] nIo k'gM ljjfb/lxt ljZj RoflDkog aGg]/x]sf] atfPsf lyP . pgn] jt{dfg 8ANo' la=l; x]lej]6 RoflDkog n]gS; n'O;;Fusf] k'gM le8Gtdf cfkm\gf] pkflw u'dfPsf lyP . n'O;n] cfO{=la=Pkm pkflwsf nflu jfo8{;Fu gle8\g] eg]kl5 ;f] pkflw n'O;af6 vf];]/ vfnL /flvPsf] lyof] . ;f] vfnL pkflwsf nflu xf]lnlkmN8n] jfo8{;Fu k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf lyP .
alS;Ë kf/vLx?sfnflu xf]lnlkmN8 6fO;g le8Gtsf] x]Ssf x'g'kb{5 . x]lej]6 alS;Ë hutsf] ;a} eGbf s'Voft ;f] le8Gtdf dfOs 6fO;gn] hgfj/sf] z}nLdf xf]lnlkmN8sf] sfg 6f]s]sf lyP . w]/}n] lgs} cfsif{s x'g] 7fg]sf] ;f] le8Gt 6fO;gsf] kfunkgn] jjf{b ePsf] lyof] . oBkL, ;f] 36gfn] xf]lnlkmN8nfO{ cfly{s ?kdf kmfObf k'-ofof] . rf]S6f ljlxg xf]lnlkmN8sf] sfgn] xf]lnlkmN8nfO{ /fd|} sdfO ul/lbPsf] lyof] . xf]lnlkmN8sf] xf/kl5 w]/}sf] k|Zg x'g ;S5 - 6fO;g cf]/fnf] nflu;s]sf 5g\, xf]lnlkmN8 Tolx qmddf 5g\ . s] ca alS;Ë lg/z aGg] xf] t < jf:tjdf *) sf] bzssf] ;dflKt lt/ / () sf] dWo;Dd x]lej]6 alS;ª hutdf b]vfk/]sf] pTs[i6 k|ltef / le8Gtx? clxn] b]lvb}gg\ . 6fO;gsf] Ps Ifq /fhsf] ;do xf];\ jf 6fO;g xf]lnlkmN8sf] k|ltålG4tf clg a'9f] hh{ kmf]/Dofgsf] cy{k"0f{ pkl:yltn] alS;ËnfO{ /f]rs agfPsf] lyof] . To:tf] kl/b[Zo clxn] b]lvb}g . csf{ x]lej]6 RoflDkog n]g]S; n'O;sf] z}nL klg alS;Ë l/Ëdf … ld:6/ lSng Ú z}nLdf pqg] ub{5g\ . alS;Ë hutnfO{ /f]rs le8Gtsf ;fy;fy} s]xL ljjfbx?, clg c;+Vo l/Ë aflx/sf 36gfx?n] ttfpg] ub{5g\ . h'g clxn] b]lvb}g . o:tf] nfU5 s]xL ;dosf] nflu ljZj alS;Ë hut :6f/sf] kvf{Odf 5 h;n] k"/f ljZjnfO{ g} ttfpg ;sf];\ .

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clvn g]kfn km'6an ;+3, PGkmfsf] ljsfj ;dfKt eof] . g]kfnL km'6an hutn] k'gM Ps k6s ult lng kfpg] eof] . g]kfnL km'6an If]qleq of] dlxgf oxL k|;+un] ;a}nfO{ ttfof] . ljut 8]9 jif{b]lv cGof}n / c:tJo:t b]lvPsf] nf]slk|otfsf] lx;fan] gDa/ Ps v]n km'6ansf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf ljjfb ;fDo kfg]{ k|of; eof] . w]/} km'6ank|]dLx? / v]ns'bnfO{ To;df klg ljz]if u/L km'6annfO{ ;+:yfut ?kdf ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg'k5{ eGg]x?df /fxtsf] ;+s]t b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
km'6andf ljjfb s] sf nflu < eg]/ w]/} v]nk|]dL / sltkN6 t v]n If]q;Fu ;/f]sf/ g/fVg] ;fdfGo JolQmx?n] xfdL v]n kqsf/x?nfO{ af/Daf/ k|Zg ug]{ ug'{x'GYof] . kl5Nnf] @ jif{df g]kfnL v]ns'b If]qleq b]vfk/]sf] ;a} eGbf 7"nf] 36gf of b'3{6gf klg oxL g} lyof] eGbf km/s kb}{g . w]/}sf] k|Zg x'GYof] s] of] u0f]z yfkf / uLtf /f0ffaLrsf] æk;{Gofln6L SNof;Æ sf] kl/0ffd xf] < c?sf] lh1f;f /xGYof] s;sf] bfjL l7s xf] u0f]z yfkfsf] of uLtf /f0ffsf] < Joj;flos aGg vf]h]sf] t/ k|of;/t cj:yfdf /x]sf xfdL v]n kqsx?sf] lglDt ;b}j ckf/b;L{ /x]sf] km"6an If]qsf] lr/kmf/ ug{ c;Dej t lyPg sl7g eg] cjZo lyof] . To;}n] lgSof}{nsf ;fy sf] l7s sf] a]l7ssf] ;Gb]z lbg'eGbf km'6an v]nsf] xf/ x'g'af6 hf]ufpg cf cfkm\gf] z}nLaf6 k|of; u/]sf lyof}+ . o;df s'g} Pp6f dfkb08 lyPg of t Pp6f l;df/]vf g} . t/, ;a}n] km'6an If]q aaf{b x'g'x'Fb}g eGg] kIfdf jsfnt u/]sf lyof}+ . /, cfh dnfO{ nfU5 hlt v'zL km'6an v]nf8Lx? 5g\, ;dy{sx? 5g\, Tolts} v'zL v]nkqsf/x? klg 5g\ . v'zLsf] dfqf gfKg ef}uf]lns ;Ldfn] /f]Sb}g .
PGkmf ljjfb ;fDo ePsf] 5 t/ ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5}g . 8]9 jif{;Dd v]ns'b kl/ifb\af6 nv]l6Psf u0f]z yfkfn] PGkmfnfO{ Psh'6 agfP/ n}hfg v]ns'b kl/ifb\af6 æDofG8]6Æ kfPsf 5g\ . PGkmf Ps ePsf] 3f]if0ff klg cf}krfl/s ?kdf ul/O;s]sf] 5 . t/, PGkmfsf] ljjfb ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ;Fu} ljjfb z'? e};s]sf] 5 . u0f]z yfkfn] æl8"d k|f]h]S6Æsf] ?kdf ljsl;t u/]sf] ;ftbf]jf6f]l:yt PGkmf sDKn]S;df k'gM k|j]z u/]s} lbg yfkfsf ;dsflng /fli6"o v]nf8L tyf pgs} cWoIftfdf ul7t PGkmf -lkmkmf / Pkm;L 4f/f dfGotf k|fKt_ sf dxf;lrj nf]saxfb'/ zfxLn] csf]{ km"6an ;+3sf] u7g u/]/ ljjfb ;dfKt gePsf] r'gf}tL lbPsf 5g\ . zfxLsf] of] r'gf}tLn] yfkfsf] ultnfO{ afwf k'/\ofpg] :ki6 5 . csf]{lt/ PsLs/0fsf] k|of;df PsLs[t PGkmfsf] :j?k eLdsfoL aGg] 3f]if0ff cWoIf yfkf :jo+n] u/]sfn] l:ylt hl6n x'g] ;+efjgf 5Fb}5 . g]kfnL km'6an hutsf ;j{sflng\ dxfg\ v]nf8L dWo]sf Ps u0f]z yfkfsf] nugzLntf, km'6an k|]d / km'6ansf] ljsf;df ;dlk{t efjgf pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . t/ pgsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] sdhf]/L eg]sf] l6dnfO{ ;+u} nfg g;Sg' xf] . ;lqmo km'6an hLjgdf h;/L pgn] PSn} uf]n ug]{ k|of; ub{y], pgsf] PGkmf g]t[Tj klg pgL;Fu} sld6Ldf sfd ug]{ ;xsdL{x?sf] zAbdf PSnf] /xg] ub{Yof] dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{osf] ;jfndf sld6Lsf ;b:ox?nfO{ æjfOkf;Æ ug]{ u/]sf] l6Kk0fL PGkmf sld6Laf6} ;'Gg] ul/GYof] . jf:tjdf s'zn v]nf8Laf6 PGkmfnfO{ gofF ult lbP/ s'zn Joj:yfksdf ?dfGt/0f ePsf u0f]z yfkfsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] sdhf]/L g} ToxL xf] . To;f] t pgL cfkm}+n] klg cfkm\gf] sdhf]/L :jLsf/ u5{g\ . pgn] eGg] u/]sf 5g\ . af:tadf d}n] v]nf8Lsf] ?kdf w]/} lg0f{ox? ug]{ u5'{ . To;}sf/0f s]xL uNtL x'g ;S5g\ . t/ tL g0f{ox? km'6ansf] ljsf;nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ul/Psf x'g\ . u0f]z yfkf s'zn v]nf8Ln] v]n ;+:yfnfO{ klg g]t[Tj lbg ;S5 eGg] egfOsf /fd|f] pbfx/0f x'g\ t/ pgLdf klg sdhf]/ gePsf] eg] xf]Og .
ca s] x'G5 < w]/} km'6ank|]dLx?sf nflu sf}t'xntsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . lglZrt ?kdf g]kfnL km'6an 6f]nLnfO{ cGt/f{li6|o d}bfgdf pqg ;lhnf] x'G5 . ;fkm km'6an RoflDkogzLkdf g]kfnL ;xeflutf ca lglZrt aGg]5 / x'g ;S5 lkmkmfn] cfkm\gf] dxTjsf+R5L cfof]hgsf] ?kdf x]/]sf] uf]n k|f]h]S6n] gofF ult lng]5 . :d/0f/xf];\, rf}tkmL{ km'6an ljsf;sf] lglDt nfvf}+ 8n/sf] uf]n k|f]h]S6 k|fKt ug]{ g]kfn ljZjsf] ;Lldt /fi6dWo] Ps xf] .
u0f]z yfkf klxnf] k6s PGkmfdf cfpFbf h'g lsl;dsf] km'6an If]qdf lta|tf cfPsf] lyof], ca klg To;sf] lg/Gt/tf ck]Iff ug'{ c:jefljs xf]Og\ . dfgaLo sdhf]/Ln] xf];\ of sfo{Ifdtfsf] sdLsf] sf/0f xf];\ c;+Vo ;sf/fTds sbdx?sfaLr klg u0f]z yfkfsf] sfo{sfn q'6Lk"0f{ /x]g . casf] PGkmf g]t[Tjn] æq'6L/lxt lta|tfÆ lbg ;Sg'k5{ . g]kfnL km'6an hutn] ;w}+ xf/ dfq vfg ;Sb}g . PGkmf PsLs/0f ;efdf s'g} Ps kbflwsf/Ln] of] km'6ansf] hLt xf] eg]sf lyP . af:tjdf hf];'s}n] xf?g\ lht'g\ Tof] w]/} dxTjsf] s'/f xf]Og . g]kfnL km'6ann] eg] lhTg} k5{ g]kfnL k'm6an xf/af6 afSs lbSs eO;s]sf] 5 . ca g]kfnL km'6ansf] hLt x'g'k5{ .

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l6d v]ndf JolQmut pTs[i6tfsf] k|efj slt x'G5 < eGg] ;jfn v]ns'b If]qleq nfdf] ;dob]lv ljjfbf:kb ljifo aGb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . s] Ps v]nf8Lsf] e/df l6dn] ljho k|fKt ug{ ;S5 < jf egf} Pp6f v]nf8Lsf] cg'kl:yltdf k"/} l6d k|efljt x'g ;S5 < oL k|Zgx? w]/} v]n kl08tx?sf nflu rf;f] / slxn]sfFxL ax;sf] ljifo klg aGg] u/]sf 5g\ .
km"6an jf cd]l/sL z}nLdf eGg'kbf{ æ;s/Ædf s]xL pTs[i6 v]nf8Lsf] cf8df k'/} l6dn] ljho cleofg k"/f u/sf y'k|} pbfx/0f e]6\g ;lsG5 . ;g\ !(*^ sf] d]lS;sf] ljZjsk ljZj ljh]tf ch]{{lG6gfsf nflu Dof/f8f]gf ;ayf]s /x]sf lyP . pgsf] Psn pTs[i6tfs} sf/0f km'6an lj1x? ;f] ljZjsknfO{ Dof/f8f]gf ljZjsk klg eGg] u5{g\ .
w]/} k5f8L kms{g' kb}{g, ;g\ !((* sf] k|mfG; ljZjskdf k|mfG;sf] ;kmntfdf p;sf] :6f/ v]nf8L lhg]lbg lhbfgsf] e"ldsf pNn]vgLo /x]sf] lyof] . /, oxL ;Gbe{df 3fOt] lhbfg lagfsf] k|mfG;n] hfkfg sf]l/ofdf ;DkGg ljZjsk km"6jndf klxnf] /fp08af6 aflxl/g' k/]sf] lyof] . k|mfG;n] k|f/lDes r/0fsf tLg v]ndf Ps uf]n klg ug{ g;sL nHhf:kb z}nLdf 3/ kms{g'k/\of]{ .
To;f] eP s] JolQmut pTs[i6tfdf l6dsf] k|bz{gdf kl/jt{g x'G5 t < Joj;flos af:s]6jnsf] pRrtd gd"gf Pg=jL=P=sf s]xL pbfx/0fx? s]nfpg] k|of; u/f}+ . ljZjs} pTs[i6 Joj;flos af:s]6jn v]nf8Lx?sf] hd36 x'g] Pg\=jL=P=df y'k|} …:6f/Ú v]nf8Ln] cfkm";Fu} cfkm\gf] l6dnfO{ dfyL k'-ofPsf 5g\ . Ps ;do lyof]- sl/d cJb'n hAa/ clg dfOsn hf]G;gsf] pTs[i6tfdf n;PGhn; n]s;{ ;kmntfsf] lzv/df lyof] . To;kl5 csf]{ ;do cfof] ha Oltxf;s} ;a} eGbf pTs[i6 dflgPsf dfOsn hf]8{gsf] clåtLo af:s]6an snfsf] ;fxf/fdf l;sfuf] a'N;n] Pg=jL=P=df Ps 5q /fh u/\of]{ . hf]8{gsf] pTs[i6tfsf] a]nf af:s]6ansf ;dfnf]rsx? eGg] ub{y] - afFsL l6d bf];|f] :yfgsf nflu k|lt:kwf{ ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . sl/d cJb'n hAa/ / dfOsn hf]G;gsf] a]nfsf] pTs[i6 n; PGhn; l6d kl5Nnf] b'O{ jif{ Pg\=jL=P= RoflDkogsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . n]s;{nfO{ ToxfF
k'\-ofpg Ps csf]{ pTs[i6 v]nf8L zflsn cf]lgnsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . t/, dfOsn hf]8{g lagfsf] l;sfuf] a'N; clxn] cfkm\gf] k"/fgf] Oltxf;df uj{ u/]/ a:gdf ;Lldt ag]sf] 5 . l;sfuf] a'N;sf] Ps5q /fh Oltxf; alg;s]sf] 5 .
Zflsn cf]lgnsf] n]s;{nfO{ …lk| l;hg km]j/]6Ú sf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . Pg=jL=P= l;hg k|f/De x'g'cl3 dfOsn hf]8{gsf] a]nfsf] l;sfuf] a'N;nfO{ em}+ o;k6s zflsn cf]lgnn] n]s;{nfO{ nuftf/ t];|f] k6s Pg=jL=P=lhTg]df s'g} z+sf gePsf] l6Kk0fL ul/Psf] lyof] . t/, rf]6u|:t cf]lgn lagfsf] n]s;{sf] Pg\=jL=P= ofqf ;f]r] h:tf] ;xh ePsf] 5}g . l;hgsf] k|f/Dedf n]s;{n] w]/}n] sNkgf klg ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt em]Ng k'u]sf] 5 . z'?sf ;ft v]ndf n]s;{n] dfq @ v]n lht]sf] 5 / % j6f v]ndf k/fho ef]u]sf] 5 . l;hg ;dfKt x'g cem} w]/} ;do afFsL 5 / of] ;doleq n]s;{sf] efUodf kl/jt{g x'g] ;+efjgf 5 klg . oBkL, z'?sf] kl/0ffdn] cf]lgn lagfsf] n]s;{ k/flht ug{ c;+ej l6dsf] ?kdf g/x]sf] eGg] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] 5 . nuftf/ xf/kl5 n]s;{sf csf{ :6f/ v]nf8L sf]a] a|foG6n] cf]lgn d}bfgdf plqPkl5 cfkm\gf] l6d km/s l6dsf] ?kdf k|:t't x'g]5 eGg] cfzf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf, cf]lgn / a|foG6 b'j} Ps} ;fy sf]6{df pqbf hlt vt/gfs x'G5g\ To;sf] cg'kftdf PSnf PSn} sf]6{df pqg'kbf{ x'b}gg\ . cf]lgnn] a|foG6sf] ePe/sf] Ifdtf phfu/ ug{ k|]l/t ul//x]sf x'G5g\, h;n] k|ToIf l6dnfO{ kmfObf k'-ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . t/, Pp6fsf] cg'kl:yltdf csf]{ bfFt efFlRrPsf] af3em}+ aGg] ub{5g\, x]bf{ 8/nfUbf t/ vt/gfs xf]Og .
;dsflng af:s]6jn kl/b[Zodf ljZjs} pTs[i6 af:s]6jn v]nf8Lsf] ?kdf /x]sf cf]lgnsf] v'6\6fsf] a'9L cf}+nfsf] rf]6 ljz]if u/L n]s;{sf] nflu ef/L ePsf] 5 . ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] k/fhoaf6 cfqmfGt ag]sf] n]s;{n] xfn} …jfl;ª\6g ljhf8{;\Ú lj?4 clGtd ;]s]08df :6]sxfp;sf] …:Nofd 8+sÚ df Ps kf]OG6sf] k/fho ef]Ug'k/]sf] lyof] . a"9f] / hf]z ljxLg dfOsn hf]8{gsf] ljhf8{;Fusf] k/fhokl5 n]s;{sf] k|lti7fdf cf3ft t k'Uof] g} l8km]lG8Ë RoflDkogsf] v/fa z'?jftnfO{ Ps csf]{ em6\sf lbof] . k/fhosf] >[+vnfn] n]s;{nfO{ cf]lgndf lge{/ l6ddf u0fgf ug{ afWo agfPsf] 5 . Ps ;] Ps Joj;flos v]nf8Lsf] pkl:yltsf jfah"b @ k6ssf] RoflDkog Pp6f cf]lgndf lge{/ /xg'n] l6dsf] k|bz{gdf JolQmut pTs[i6tfsf] e"ldsf x'G5 eGg] b]vfpFb}g / < of] Pp6f ts{ dfq xf] , tkfO{+ ;xdt gx'g klg ;Sg' x'G5 .

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AlS;ª v]nf8L k'is/Wjh zfxLsf] xfn} lgwg eof] . ;fdfGo gful/ssf] nflu Tof] ;dfrf/ pP6f csf]{ ;dfrf/sf] ?kdf dfq eof] . lx+;fu|:t If]qsf nflu emg\ of] ;dfrf/ ;fdfGo 36gfeGbf dfly p7\g ;s]g, hxfF dflg;x? dg'{ jf dfl/g' s'g} gf}nf] 36gf xf]Og . t/, g]kfnL v]ns'b If]q;Fu ;DalGwt / g]kfn v]ns'bnfO{ dfof ug]{ v]na[Qleq k'is/Wjh zfxLsf] lgwgn] cs}{ 5fk 5f]8]sf] 5 .
/f]Nkf h:tf] ljs6 lhNnf / ;dsfnLg kl/l:yltdf lgSs} cy{k"0f{ lhNnfdf hlGdeP/ /fli6"o v]ns'b kl/b[Zodf æalS;ª gfosÆag]sf k'is/Wjh zfxL ;fdfGo v]nf8L lyPgg\ .
g]kfnL alS;ª hutdf g} ;j{sflng dxfg v]nf8Lsf] bhf{df pgs} ;dsfnLg bnaxfb'/ /fgfdu/;Fu k|lt:kwf{df /x]sf zfxLsf] ;dsfnLg bnaxfb'/sf] em}+ csfndf d[To'eof] .
v]ns'b;Fu ;DalGwt ;a}sf] Pp6} u+eL/ cf/f]k 5 cfly{s cefj / v]ns'bsf gfosx?dflysf] pkxf;n] k'gM g]kfnL v]ns'b j[Qn] Ps csf]{ gIfq u'dfPsf] 5 . /, of] l:yltn] ubf{ v]nf8Ln] knfogsf] af6f] /f]lh/x]sf 5g\ .
d}n], k'is/Wjh zfxL;Fu Ps b'O{k6s ;fdfGo s'/fsfgL u/]sf] lyPF . pxfFn] cfkm\gf] s'/fsfgLsf qmddf slxn] cfkm" sdhf]/ /x]sf] b]vfpg'ePg . pxfFdf k|;z:t cfTdljZjf; cgL b[9tf lyof] . t/, pxfFn] ;f+s]lts ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ cfly{s cefjdf lklN;Psf] eg] b]vfpg'x'GYof] . s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf pxfFn] Psk6s eGg'ePsf] lyof], æefO x]g'{xf];\ v]nf8Lsf] gfd dfq 5 bfd 5}g .Æ of] jfSodf pxfFsf] oyfy{tf emNsGYof] . pxfF lgSs} rlr{t x'g'x'GYof] . t/, rrf{;Fu} kL8f klg sDtL lyPg .
zfxLsf] lgwgn] efjL v]nf8Lx?nfO{ k'gM Psk6s em:sfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL v]nf8Lx? Aff/Daf/ em:sG5g] u5{g\ . /, oxL em:sfOn] x'g ;S5, xfn} sf]l/ofsf] a'zfgdf ;DkGg PlzofnL v]ns'b k|ltof]lutsf] qmddf !! v]nf8L sf]l/ofdf x/fP . g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?sf] x/fpg] z}nL k|z+;gLo t xf]Og g} t/, pgLx?nfO{ afWofTds l:yltdf k'/\ofOPsf] tYo klg :d/0f ug'{k5{ . k'is/Wjh zfxLsf] lgwgnfO{ cfkm\gf] dfg;k6n /fv]sf tL v]nf8Ln] /fd|f] cj;/sf] vf]hL ug'{ c:jefljs b]lvb}g . t/, h'g z}nLdf v]nf8Lx? x/fP Tof] z}nLnfO{ /fd|f] eGg g;lsPnf . k|z+uj;, ;+of]u g} egf}+ a'zfgdf x/fpg] v]nf8Lx?dWo] ;aeGbf a9L alS;ª\sf /x]sf 5g\ .
a'zfgdf g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?sf] knfogsf] 36gfn] k'gM Psk6s g]kfnL v]ns'bsf Joj;flostfsf] yfngL x'g'kg]{ s'/f 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]vfPsf] 5 . v]nf8LnfO{ /fi6"sf] gfddf dfq eg]/ ;w}+e/L afFWg] l:ylt 5}g . /fi6"sf nflu hLjg ck{0f ug{nfO{ klg klxnf /f]hL/f]6Lsf] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . xfdL clxn] g} cd]l/sf of o'/f]ksf] Joj;flostfsf] ;kgf gb]Vg ;S5f}+ t/ Joj;folstfsf] cfwf/e"t kIfsf] yfngL ug{ ;S5f}+ . v]nf8Lx?sf] :t/df qmdzM lu/fj6 cfpg' / v]nf8Lx?df ?rL sd x'Fb} hfg'df Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f g]kfnL v]ns'b If]qleqsf] cJo;flostf xf] /fhgLlts / cfly{s cj:yf gfh's aGb} uPsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnL v]n If]qdf b]vfkb}{ uPsf] x|f; Pp6f b'vb kIf xf] . ut jif{ g]kfnL o'jf lqms]6 v]nf8Lx?n] Go"lhNof08df ;DkGg c08/ gfOlG6g lqms]6 aN8{skdf kfls:tfg / a+unfb]z h:tf 6]:6 v]Ng] /fi6"nfO{ k/flht u/L P]ltxfl;s ;kmntf k|fKt u/L :jb]z kmls{Pkl5 tTsflng k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] /fhgLlts b'/fj:yfn] nfh} nfhsf] l:yltsf aLr sd;]sd g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?n] b]zsf] OHht a9fO/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ cleJolQm lbg'ePsf] lyof] . Tof] ;do / clxn]sf] aLrdf w]/} kl/jt{g eO;s]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts JolQmsf nflu /fhg}lts kl/jt{g rf;f]sf] ljifo xf]nf t/ v]ns'bsdL{sf] lglDt /fi6"sf] OHht a9fpg] k|of;df sdL cfpg' b'vb kIf xf] . ;kmntfsf] syf ;a}nfO{ /fd|f] nfU5 . g]kfnL v]ns'b ;kmn v]nf8Lsf] vf]hLdf 5, ljh]tf vf]lh/x]sf] 5 .

af:s]6andf lah'nL cu|k+lQmdf

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
elh{lgof, !( cS6f]a/ @))@

g]kfnL o'y cu{gfOh]zg, jfl;ª6g 8L;Lsf] cfof]hgfdf cS6f]a/ !# sf lbg æcg]{:6 Pr 8'/fg d]df]l/on g]kfnL af:s]6an k|ltof]lutf @))@Æ ;DkGg eof] .

x/]s jif{ ;DkGg x'Fb} cfPsf] o'yx?sf] af:s]6andf o;k6s kmfOl6ª uf]vf{, atf;, ljh'nL / u]y];ju{ uf]6\; 6Ldsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

pQm l6ddWo] kmfOgndf lah'nL / atf;aLr k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm k|lt:kwf{df lah'nLn] atf; l6dnfO{ x/fPsf] lyof] .

pQm af:s]6an k|ltof]lutfsf] k|d'v cltly s]xL dlxgfcl3 sf/ b"3{6gfdf k/L lgwg ePsf g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?sf clt ldngzf/ ;fyL cg]{:6 Pr 8'/fgsL lbbL 8fogf x'g'x'GYof] .

cg]{:6 8'/fgsL lbbL 8fogfn] k|yd x'g] lah'nL ;d"x / l4tLo x'g] atf; ;d"xnfO{ 6lkm tyf kbs ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

af:s]6an k|ltof]lutf km]o/km\ofS;l:yt Eofg8\o's kfs{df ePsf] lyof] .

af:s]6andf cd]l/sf kl5 kg{ yfnf]

dgf]h cfrfo{
cS6f]a/ !%, @))@

s'g} ;do lyof] ha af:s]6andf cd]l/sfnfO{ k/flht ug'{ Pp6f sNkgf dfq x'g ;SYof] . cd]l/sfsf] km'Rr] l6dn] klg ;f/f ljZjnfO{ xNnfOlbGYof] . t/, ca Tof] l:ylt /x]g .

Aff:s]6an pbo ePsf] b]z cd]l/sfsf] ;f] v]ndf /x]sf] babaf qmdzM eTsb} 5 . c;f]rgLo kl/0ffd lg:sg yfn]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sfn] af:s]6andf cfkm"nfO{ æ;'k/ kfj/Æ ;Demg] u5{ . jf:tjdf p;sf] kf/Dkl/s pTs[i6tfn] klg ;f] s'/f :d/0f u/fpg] xs lbG5 . t/, ca Tof] g]kfnLx?n] xfdL uf]vf{nL eg]/ uj{ ug]{ h:t} aGg yfn]sf] 5 . sd;]sd cd]l/sfd} xfn} ;DkGg æjN8{ RoflDkogzLkÆ df cd]l/sfsf] bogLo k|bz{gn] ;f] ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sL 5fkfx?df cd]l/sf ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf Sjf6/kmfOgndf k/flht x'g'nfO{ lgSs} u+eL/tfk"j{s x]l/Psf] lyof] . s]xL 5fkfx?n] æxfd|f] ar{:j ;dfKt eof]Æ n]v]sf lyP eg] s;}n] æxfdL ca ljZj RoflDkog /x]gf}+Æ eg]/ 5fk]sf lyP . t/, Pp6f s'/f :ki6 lyof] Tof] xf/ cd]l/sfsf] nflu lgSs} c;xh lyof] .

cf]nlDks v]ns'bdf Joj;flos af:s]6an v]nf8Ln] k|j]z gkfpg] a]nfdf ;g\ !(^* sf] Do'lgv cf]nlDksdf cd]l/sfsf] km'Rr] sn]h l6d /l;of;Fu k/flht x'Fbf cf]nlDkss} cfZro{do xf/sf] ?kdf k|rfl/t ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof] g} cd]l/sL af:s]6an l6dn] dxTjk"0f{ k|ltof]lutfdf ef]u]sf] klxnf] xf/ lyof] . t/, xfn}sf] æjN8{ RoflDkogzLkÆn] Tof] xf/sf] qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 . of] k|ltof]lutdf cd]l/sf @ j6f v]ndf k/flht eof] . cd]l/sfsf] Joj;flos af:s]6an k|ltof]lutfdf k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ Pg\=aL=P= sf v]nf8Lx?n] ;lHht cd]l/sL l6d k/flht ePsf] of] klxnf] cj;/ lyof] . cd]l/sL Pg=aL= P=6Ld %$ j6f v]nsf] nuft/ hLtkl5 k/flht eof] . To;f] t k/flht cd]l/sL l6ddf sf]a], a|ofG6, zflsn cf] lgn h:tf :6f/ v]nf8L lyPgg\ . t/, pgsf] cg'kl:yltnfO{ dfq k/fhosf] sf/0f 7fGg' sfFrf] d"Nofªsg xf] .

cd]l/sL xf/kl5 af:s]6ansf cfnf]rsx?n] s8f l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP . xfdL ljZj RoflDkog xf}+ eG5f}+, xfdL ck/flht xf}+ eGg] ;f]R5f}+ t/ Sjf6/ kmfOgndf k/flht eof}+ . Ps l6kK0fLsf/0fn] n]v]sf 5g\, xfdL ;s/-km"6an_df st} 5}+gf}+ t/ xfdL ljZjsksf] Sjf6/ kmfOgndf k|j]z u/\of}+ . lsg xfdL ;s/df Wofg glbg] . of] Pp6f o:tf] ax; lyof] hxfF af:s]6an, cd]l/sL km"6an / a];an;Fu} cd]l/sL ;+:s[lt ag]/ a;]sf] 5 .

o'uf]:nfleofn] cd]l/sfsf] Ol08ofgfkf]ln;df ;DkGg ;f] k|ltof]lutdf nLu r/0fdf cd]l/sfnfO{ k/flht ug]{ ch]{lG6gfnfO{ cltl/Qm ;dodf k/flht ub}{ ljZj RoflDkog ag]sf] lyof] . p;sf] hLtdf Pg=aL=P=sf v]nf8Lx?sf] of]ubfg cy{k"0f{ lyof] . ;f] hLtkl5 o'uf]:nfleofn] cd]l/sf / afFsL ljZjaLr af:s]6an v]nsf] cGt/ sd ePsf] dfq b]vfPg, cd]l/sL Joj;flos v]nf8LnfO{ klg k/flht ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] klg k|dfl0ft ul/lbof] . ljZj RoflDkog o'uf]:nfleofn] g} Sjf6/kmfOgndf cd]l/sfnfO{ k/flht u/]sf] lyof] . jN8{ RoflDkog;LknfO{ dfq} cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] klg cd]l/sL ar{Zj ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . h'g af:s]6an v]nsf] lglDt /fd|f] ;+s]t xf] .